Arne Halonen (9 November 189814 April 1986) was a Finnish journalist and

university teacher Academic personnel, also known as faculty member or member of the faculty (in North American usage) or academics or academic staff (in British, Australia, and New Zealand usage), are vague terms that describe teachers or research staff of a school ...

. He was active in the Finnish–American socialist movement and worked in the

University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota, formally the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, (UMN Twin Cities, the U of M, or Minnesota) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Tw ...

. Halonen is also known for his 1928 book '' Suomen luokkasota'' (Finnish Class War), which was banned in Finland.

Life

Halonen was a high school student as the 1918

Finnish Civil War The Finnish Civil War; . Other designations: Brethren War, Citizen War, Class War, Freedom War, Red Rebellion and Revolution, . According to 1,005 interviews done by the newspaper ''Aamulehti'', the most popular names were as follows: Civil W ...

broke out. He served as an office clerk for the Red Government and was captured in April after the Battle of Viipuri. Halonen spent few weeks at a prison camp, but was soon released. In fall 1918, he entered the

University of Helsinki The University of Helsinki ( fi, Helsingin yliopisto, sv, Helsingfors universitet, abbreviated UH) is a public research university located in Helsinki, Finland since 1829, but founded in the city of Turku (in Swedish ''Åbo'') in 1640 as the ...

. In 1920, Halonen emigrated to the United States, following his elder brother George Halonen. He worked for the Finnish–American socialist newspapers '' Raivaaja'', ''

Työmies ''Työmies'' (The Worker) was a politically radical Finnish-language newspaper published primarily out of Hancock, Michigan, and Superior, Wisconsin. Launched as a weekly in July 1903, the paper later went to daily frequency and was issued und ...

'' and ''

Eteenpäin ''Eteenpäin'' (English: ''Forward'') was a Finnish language, Finnish-language daily newspaper launched in New York City in 1921. The paper was the East Coast organ of Finnish-American members of the Communist Party USA. The paper moved to Worcest ...

''. In 1928, Halonen was expelled from the

Communist Party USA The Communist Party USA, officially the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA), is a communist party in the United States which was established in 1919 after a split in the Socialist Party of America following the Russian Revo ...

and he joined the

Socialist Party of America The Socialist Party of America (SPA) was a socialist political party in the United States formed in 1901 by a merger between the three-year-old Social Democratic Party of America and disaffected elements of the Socialist Labor Party of Ameri ...

. In the 1930s, Halonen worked in the insurance and real estate businesses in

Minneapolis Minneapolis () is the largest city in Minnesota, United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County. The city is abundant in water, with thirteen lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls. Minneapolis has its origins ...

. He was the founder of the cooperative insurance company Cooperators' Life Association. During the

Winter War The Winter War,, sv, Vinterkriget, rus, Зи́мняя война́, r=Zimnyaya voyna. The names Soviet–Finnish War 1939–1940 (russian: link=no, Сове́тско-финская война́ 1939–1940) and Soviet–Finland War 1 ...

, Halonen raised funds for Finland organizing the

Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...

branch of the

Finnish Relief Fund The Finnish Relief Fund was a humanitarian aid organization initiated by former U.S. President Herbert Hoover in December 1939. It was intended to support Finland during the Winter War. By March 1940, it had raised 2.5 million US dollar Th ...

. Halonen earned his master's degree at the University of Minnesota, where he taught Finnish language and political science from 1950 to 1962. Halonen returned Finland in 1983 and died at the age of 87 in April 1986.

Works

*Halonen, Arne (ed.): '' Suomen luokkasota: historiaa ja muistelmia'' innish Class War: History and Memoires 1928 *Sulkanen, Elis & Halonen, Arne: ''Kominternin politiikan vararikko'' ankruptcy of Komintern Politics 1930 *''The Role of Finnish–Americans in the Political Labor Movement'', 1945, Master's thesis

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Halonen, Arne 1898 births 1986 deaths American people of Finnish descent Finnish journalists University of Minnesota faculty Finnish communists Finnish socialists Members of the Communist Party USA Members of the Socialist Party of America People of the Finnish Civil War (Red side)