Armand Félix Marie Jobbé-Duval
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Armand Félix Marie Jobbé-Duval (17 July 1821 – 2 April 1889) was a French painter and politician of Breton origin. He became known for his severely classical compositions, which included the ceiling decorations of many churches and public buildings. He was a committed Republican and secularist, and participated in the French revolutions of 1848 and 1870–71.


Family

Armand Félix Marie Jobbé-Duval was born on 17 July 1821 in
Carhaix Carhaix-Plouguer (; ), commonly known as just Carhaix (), is a commune in the French department of Finistère, region of Brittany, France. The commune was created in 1957 by the merger of the former communes Carhaix and Plouguer.
, where his father Thomas Félix Jobbé-Duval (1787–1860), was an engineer and chief surveyor for the cadastre (land registry) of Finistère, Brittany. He was the youngest of four children of Thomas Félix Jobbé-Duval and Charlotte Le Tournoux de Villegeorges (1791-1828), both from
Rennes Rennes (; ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Resnn''; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in Northwestern France at the confluence of the rivers Ille and Vilaine. Rennes is the prefecture of the Brittany (administrative region), Brittany Regions of F ...
, who had married on 28 November 1811. He married Marie Louise Sophie Jacquemart (1831–1917) in the Église Saint-Laurent, Paris, and they had four children between 1850 and 1865.


Artistic career

Jobbé-Duval studied at the Tour d’Auvergne college in
Quimper Quimper (, ; ; or ) is a Communes of France, commune and Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Finistère Departments of France, department of Brittany (administrative region), Brittany in northwestern France. Administration Quimper is the ...
, where he showed artistic qualities and talents in sketching. He obtained a grant from the General Council of Finistère to attend the School of Fine Arts in Paris, which he entered on 1 April 1840. His first teacher was the painter
Paul Delaroche Hippolyte-Paul Delaroche (; Paris, 17 July 1797 – Paris, 4 November 1856) was a French painter who achieved his greater successes painting historical scenes. He became famous in Europe for his melodramatic depictions that often portrayed subje ...
(1797–1856), then in 1843 he joined the studio of
Charles Gleyre Marc Gabriel Charles Gleyre (2 May 1806 – 5 May 1874), was a Swiss artist who was a resident in France from an early age. He took over the studio of Paul Delaroche in 1843 and taught a number of younger artists who became prominent, including He ...
(1806–1874). He was allowed to compete for the
Prix de Rome The Prix de Rome () or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them t ...
five times between 1842 and 1847, and developed a rigorous style to meet academic requirements. Jobbé-Duval joined the
Salon des Artistes Français The Salon (), or rarely Paris Salon (French: ''Salon de Paris'' ), beginning in 1667 was the official art exhibition of the in Paris. Between 1748 and 1890 it was arguably the greatest annual or biennial art event in the Western world. At the ...
and was part of the salon's jury from 1861. He was acquainted with many artists, including the landscape artists
Jean-François Millet Jean-François Millet (; 4 October 1814 – 20 January 1875) was a French artist and one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France. Millet is noted for his paintings of peasant farmers and can be categorized as part of the Realis ...
(1814–1875) and
Charles-François Daubigny Charles-François Daubigny ( , , ; 15 February 181719 February 1878) was a French painter, one of the members of the Barbizon school, and is considered an important precursor of impressionism. He was also a prolific printmaker, mostly in etching ...
(1817–1878). With
Paul Gauguin Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (; ; 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a French painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramist, and writer, whose work has been primarily associated with the Post-Impressionist and Symbolist movements. He was also an influ ...
(1848–1903) he discovered the famous Pension Gloanec in
Pont-Aven Pont-Aven (; in Breton) is a commune in the Finistère department in the Brittany region in Northwestern France. Demographics Inhabitants of Pont-Aven are called in French. Pont-Aven absorbed the former commune of Nizon in 1954, which had ...
. His religious and historical paintings contain many references to the moral and political issues being discussed during the
Second French Empire The Second French Empire, officially the French Empire, was the government of France from 1852 to 1870. It was established on 2 December 1852 by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, president of France under the French Second Republic, who proclaimed hi ...
and
French Third Republic The French Third Republic (, sometimes written as ) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France durin ...
. Jobbé-Duval established his reputation with a series of monumental decorative paintings in the churches of Saint-Séverin and Saint-Sulpice in Paris, working at the same time as
Eugène Delacroix Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix ( ; ; 26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863) was a French people, French Romanticism, Romantic artist who was regarded as the leader of the French Romantic school.Noon, Patrick, et al., ''Crossing the Channel: ...
(1798–1863). During his career he received many commissions from the Church and the state. He decorated other churches of Paris such as La Trinité and
St-Gervais-et-St-Protais Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais () is a Roman Catholic parish church located in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, on Place Saint-Gervais in the Marais district, east of City Hall (Hôtel de Ville). The current church was built between 1494 and 1657, ...
, as well as public buildings such as the Commercial Court of Paris and Lyon City Hall. In 1867 he was invited to decorate the ceiling of the Third Chamber of Correctional Appeals in the southwestern pavilion of the
Parlement of Rennes The Parlement of Rennes or Parlement of Brittany (, ) was one of the , a court of justice under the French , with its seat at Rennes. The last building to house the Parlement still stands and now houses the Rennes Court of Appeal, the natural succ ...
in Rennes. His composition represented Truth, in the form of a strongly-built nude woman, surrounded by Justice, Innocence and Law. At their feet are Crimes, with dark and muscular bodies. The composition shows the influence of Jean Jouvenet,
Ingres Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres ( ; ; 29 August 1780 – 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassicism, Neoclassical Painting, painter. Ingres was profoundly influenced by past artistic traditions and aspired to become the guardian of academic ...
,
Michelangelo Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6March 147518February 1564), known mononymously as Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was inspir ...
and this master Paul Delaroche.


Political activity

Jobbé-Duval was a militant Republican. He participated in demonstrations during
February Revolution The February Revolution (), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution and sometimes as the March Revolution or February Coup was the first of Russian Revolution, two revolutions which took place in Russia ...
in which the
July Monarchy The July Monarchy (), officially the ''Kingdom of France'' (), was a liberalism, liberal constitutional monarchy in France under , starting on 9 August 1830, after the revolutionary victory of the July Revolution of 1830, and ending 26 Februar ...
was overthrown, and was part of the
Government of National Defense The Government of National Defense () was the first government of the Third Republic of France from 4 September 1870 to 13 February 1871 during the Franco-Prussian War. It was formed after the proclamation of the Republic in Paris on 4 September ...
during the
Paris Commune The Paris Commune (, ) was a French revolutionary government that seized power in Paris on 18 March 1871 and controlled parts of the city until 28 May 1871. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the French National Guard (France), Nation ...
in 1871. He was elected to the municipal council of the
15th arrondissement of Paris The 15th arrondissement of Paris () is one of the 20 arrondissements of Paris, arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, it is referred to as ('the fifteenth'). The 15th arrondissement, called , is situated on the Rive ...
on 30 July 1871, and was reelected on 29 November 1874, 6 January 1878, 16 January 1881 and 4 May 1884. He resigned on 29 April 1887. He was a Freemason, Fourierist and committed secularist. He initiated establishing an institution for incurable young children, and municipal lay orphanages. Jobbé-Duval died in Paris on 2 April 1889. A street in the 15th arrondissement is named in his honor. His nephew, Félix Jobbé-Duval (1879–1961), became well-known as an illustrator for children's books and magazines. In 2017 the Rennes Museum of Fine Arts acquired a collection of over 250 drawings by Jobbé-Duval. These include studies of the figures and drapery used in most of the artist's major public decorations.


Notes


Sources

* * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Jobbe-Duval, Armand Felix Marie 1821 births 1889 deaths 19th-century French painters 19th-century French politicians People from Finistère