Archduke Karl Ludwig Josef Maria of Austria (30 July 1833 – 19 May 1896) was the younger brother of both
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (german: Franz Joseph Karl, hu, Ferenc József Károly, 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the Grand title of the Emperor of Austria, other states of the Habsburg m ...
and
Maximilian I of Mexico
Maximilian I (german: Ferdinand Maximilian Josef Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen, link=no, es, Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena, link=no; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was an Austrian archduke who reigned as the only Emperor ...
, and the father of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria, (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary. His assassination in Sarajevo was the most immediate cause of World War I.
F ...
(1863–1914), whose
assassination
Assassination is the murder of a prominent or important person, such as a head of state, head of government, politician, world leader, member of a royal family or CEO. The murder of a celebrity, activist, or artist, though they may not have ...
ignited
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
. His grandson was the last emperor of Austria,
Charles I Charles I may refer to:
Kings and emperors
* Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings
* Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily
* Charles I of ...
.
Biography
![Anton Einsle Erzherzog Karl Ludwig 1848](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Anton_Einsle_Erzherzog_Karl_Ludwig_1848.jpg)
He was born at
Schönbrunn Palace
Schönbrunn Palace (german: Schloss Schönbrunn ; Central Bavarian: ''Schloss Scheenbrunn'') was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, Vienna. The name ''Schönbrunn'' (meaning “beautiful spring”) has its root ...
in
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
, the son of
Archduke Franz Karl of Austria
Archduke Franz Karl Joseph of Austria (17 December 1802 – 8 March 1878) was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He was the father of two emperors: Franz Joseph I of Austria and Maximilian I of Mexico. Through his third son Karl Lu ...
(1802–1878) and his wife
Princess Sophie of Bavaria
Princess Sophie of Bavaria (Sophie Friederike Dorothea Wilhelmine; 27 January 1805 – 28 May 1872) was the daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his second wife Caroline of Baden. The identical twin sister of Queen Maria Anna of S ...
(1805–1872).
His mother ensured he was raised a devout Roman Catholic by the Vienna Prince-archbishop
Joseph Othmar Rauscher
Joseph Othmar Ritter von Rauscher (6 October 1797 in Vienna – 24 November 1875 in Vienna) was an Austrian Prince-Archbishop of Vienna and Cardinal.
Life
He received his earlier education at the gymnasium in Vienna, devoting himself chiefly ...
, a conviction that evolved into religious mania in his later years.
Though not interested in politics, the 20-year-old joined the
Galician government of Count
Agenor Romuald Gołuchowski
Count Agenor Romuald Gołuchowski (8 February 1812, Skala-Podilska, Galicia – 3 August 1875, Lwów, Galicia) was a Polish-Austrian conservative politician, member of parliament of Austria, Minister of Interior and governor of Galicia, and fat ...
and in 1855 accepted his appointment as
Tyrolean stadtholder in
Innsbruck
Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of Tyrol (state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the ...
, where he took his residence at
Ambras Castle
Ambras Castle (german: Schloss Ambras Innsbruck) is a Renaissance castle and palace located in the hills above Innsbruck, Austria. Ambras Castle is above sea level. Considered one of the most popular tourist attractions of the Tyrol, Ambras Castle ...
. However, he found his authority to exert power restricted by the Austrian cabinet of his cousin
Archduke Rainer Ferdinand and
Baron Alexander von Bach
Baron Alexander von Bach (German: ''Alexander Freiherr von Bach''; 4 January 1813, Loosdorf, Austria – 12 November 1893, Schöngrabern, Austria) was an Austrian Empire, Austrian politician. His most notable achievement was instituting a system o ...
. He finally laid down the office upon the issue of the 1861
February Patent
The February Patent was a constitution of the Austrian Empire promulgated in the form of letters patent on 26 February 1861.
Background
In the Austrian Empire, the early 1860s were a period of significant constitutional reforms. The revolutions ...
for a life as
patron
Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another. In the history of art, arts patronage refers to the support that kings, popes, and the wealthy have provided to artists su ...
of the arts and sciences.
As the eldest surviving brother of the Emperor, Karl Ludwig, after the death of his nephew Crown Prince
Rudolf of Austria in 1889, became
heir presumptive
An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir apparent or a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the position in question.
...
to the
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
. A newspaper article appeared shortly after the death of his nephew claiming that the Archduke had renounced his succession rights in favor of his eldest son
Franz Ferdinand
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria, (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary. His assassination in Sarajevo was the most immediate cause of World War I.
F ...
. This rumor proved to be false.
Marriage and family
![Margarethe von Sachsen Litho](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Margarethe_von_Sachsen_Litho.jpg)
Karl Ludwig married three times.
His first wife, whom he married on 4 November 1856 at
Dresden
Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth larg ...
, was his first cousin
Margaretha of Saxony (1840–1858), the daughter of
Johann of Saxony (1801–1873) and
Amalie Auguste of Bavaria
Amalie Auguste (13 November 1801, in Munich – 8 November 1877, in Dresden) was a Bavarian princess by birth and Queen of Saxony by marriage to King John of Saxony.
Biography
Amalie was the fourth child of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria a ...
(1801–1877). She died on 15 September 1858 and they had no children.
His second wife, whom he married by proxy on 16 October 1862 at
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
, and in person on 21 October 1862 at
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...
, was
Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
Princess Maria Annunciata Isabella Filomena Sabasia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (Italian: ''Maria Annunziata Isabella Filomena Sabasia, Principessa di Borbone delle Due Sicilie''; 24 March 1843 – 4 May 1871) was a political figure from the House ...
(1843–1871), daughter of
Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand II ( it, Ferdinando Carlo; scn, Ferdinannu Carlu; nap, Ferdinando Carlo; 12 January 1810 – 22 May 1859) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1830 until his death in 1859.
Family
Ferdinand was born in Palermo to King Francis I of the T ...
(1810–1859) and
Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg monarchy, Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position ''suo jure'' ( ...
(1816–1867).
They had four children:
*
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria, (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary. His assassination in Sarajevo was the most immediate cause of World War I.
F ...
(December 18, 1863 – June 28, 1914), whose assassination was a cause for the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
. He married morganatically
Countess Sophie Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin on 1 July 1900. They had three children.
*
Archduke Otto Franz of Austria
Archduke (feminine: Archduchess; German: ''Erzherzog'', feminine form: ''Erzherzogin'') was the title borne from 1358 by the Habsburg rulers of the Archduchy of Austria, and later by all senior members of that dynasty. It denotes a rank within ...
(21 April 1865 – 1 November 1906) he married
Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony (1867–1944)
, house = Wettin
, father = King George of Saxony
, mother = Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, North German Confederation
, death_date =
, death_place = Erlang ...
on 2 October 1886. They had two sons, including
Karl I
Charles I or Karl I (german: Karl Franz Josef Ludwig Hubert Georg Otto Maria, hu, Károly Ferenc József Lajos Hubert György Ottó Mária; 17 August 18871 April 1922) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary (as Charles IV, ), King of Croatia, ...
, the last Emperor of Austria.
*
Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria
Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria, later known as Ferdinand Burg (Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Johann Maria; Vienna, 27 December 1868 – Munich, 12 March 1915) was a member of the House of Habsburg.
Biography
Ferdinand Karl was the third ...
(27 December 1868 – 12 March 1915) he married morganatically Bertha Czuber on 15 August 1909.
*
Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria
Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria (Margarete Sophie Marie Annunciata Theresia Caroline Luise Josephe Johanna; 13 May 1870 – 24 August 1902) was a member of the House of Habsburg and an Archduchess of Austria by birth. She was married t ...
(13 May 1870 – 24 August 1902) she married
Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg
Albrecht, Duke and Crown Prince of Württemberg (Albrecht Maria Alexander Philipp Joseph; 23 December 1865 – 31 October 1939) was the last Kingdom of Württemberg, Württemberger crown prince, a German military commander of the First World War, a ...
on 24 January 1893. They had seven children.
Maria Annunciata died on 4 May 1871.
His third wife, whom he married on 23 July 1873 at
Kleinheubach
Kleinheubach is a market community in the Miltenberg district in the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Lower Franconia (''Unterfranken'') in Bavaria, Germany and the seat of the like-named ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaft'' (municipal association). It has a popul ...
, was
Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Löwenstein Castle, Kleinheubach, Kingdom of Bavaria
, death_date =
, death_place = Vienna, Austria, Nazi Germany
, burial_place = Imperial Crypt
, house = Braganza
, spouse =
, issue =
, father = Migue ...
(1855–1944), daughter of
Miguel I of Portugal (1802–1866) and
Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
, house = Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
, father = Constantine, Hereditary Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
, mother = Princess Agnes of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Kleinheubach, Kingdo ...
(1831–1909).
They had two daughters:
*
Archduchess Maria Annunziata of Austria (31 July 1876 – 8 April 1961). Abbess of the Theresia Convent in the
Hradschin,
Prague
Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
.
*
Archduchess Elisabeth Amalie of Austria
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Reichenau, Austria
, death_date =
, death_place =Vaduz, Liechtenstein
, burial_place = St. Florian Cathedral,Vaduz, Liechtenstein
, house =Habsburg-Lorraine
, spouse =
, issue =
, ...
(7 July 1878 – 13 March 1960) she married
Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein
Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein (Alois Gonzaga Maria Adolf; 17 June 1869, in Hollenegg – 16 March 1955, in Vaduz) was the son of Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein (1842–1907) and Princess Henriette of Liechtenstein (1843–1931), daughter of A ...
on 20 April 1903. They had eight children.
Death
Karl Ludwig died of typhoid at Schönbrunn in Vienna after returning from a journey to
Palestine
__NOTOC__
Palestine may refer to:
* State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia
* Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia
* Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...
and
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
, allegedly after the consumption of contaminated
Jordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
waters.
His widow Maria Teresa died on 12 February 1944.
Honours and awards
;Austrian orders and decorations
[ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie](_blank)
(1896), Genealogy p. 2
*
Knight of the Golden Fleece
This article contains a list of knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
Knights of the Burgundian Golden Fleece
15th Century
!Year of Induction!!Name!!Born!!Died!!Notes
, -
, rowspan=25, 1430, , Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, , 1396, , ...
, ''1852''
*
Grand Cross of St. Stephen, ''1859''
"A Szent István Rend tagjai"
* Military Merit Medal on red ribbon
* Long Service Cross for Officers, 2nd Class
;Foreign orders and decorations
Ancestry
See also
* List of heirs to the Austrian throne This is a list of people who were heir apparent or heir presumptive to the Archduchy of Austria from when Charles III succeeded to the throne in 1711 to the end of the monarchy in Austria-Hungary in 1918. Those heirs who succeeded are shown in bold. ...
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Karl Ludwig of Austria, Archduke
1833 births
1896 deaths
Deaths from typhoid fever
Infectious disease deaths in Austria
Nobility from Vienna
Austrian princes
Burials at the Imperial Crypt
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Pope Pius IX
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Takovo