The Aquicuana Municipal Reserve is a protected natural reserve located about 20 km from the city of

Riberalta Riberalta is a town in the Beni Department in northern Bolivia, situated where the Madre de Dios River joins the Beni River. Riberalta is on the south (south east) bank of the Beni River. As the capital of the province of Vaca Diez, the city ...

in the Beni department in northern

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

and in the Amazon. It is home to Lake San José, a medicinal retreat center, Pisatahua, and two communities, San José and Warnes. Its name, Aquicuana, comes from the ancestral name of the lake which was before named Aquicuana in the Tacana language and means the place of big trees.

History

In 1995 when the municipality of

put in place a first law to protect the San José Lake. Then in 2004 the municipality extended the borders of the reserve to 1,600 Hectares. In 2016, with the collaboration between the local communities, the municipality of

and the associations

Sustainable Bolivia Specific definitions of sustainability are difficult to agree on and have varied in the literature and over time. The concept of sustainability can be used to guide decisions at the global, national, and individual levels (e.g. sustainable livin ...

and Fundación Amazonia the reserve expanded to reach more than 20,000 hectares. The objective of making it an official reserve was to protect it from agricultural expansion and intensive livestock farming, deforestation, mining and extraction of its natural resources while allowing both communities to live with dignity there. Location The reserve is located in the Amazon forest, in the Beni department in

in the Vaca Diez province. The reserve is also close to the border of the Pando Department and Brazil. Close to the city of

(also called the Bolivian Amazonian capital) you can go there by taxi (motorcycle or car).

Climate

Like any reserve in the

rainforest Rainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforest can be classified as tropical rainforest or temperate rainfores ...

, Aquicuana has an environment and a tropical and humid climate. It is hot and humid from October to April and dry but still warm from May to September. Temperatures do not exceed 35 degrees but can fall below 20 degrees when cold from the southern winds comes. Nevertheless, during the wet season it can rain up to 4000 mm.

Biodiversity of the reserve

The reserve contains a large amount of the Amazonian biodiversity, and a few research have been made on the topic. For the moment, a complete inventory is not possible. This reserve ensures the protection of nature but it also allows its observation.

Mammals

The most well-known and recognized mammals in the reserve are jaguars,

armadillos Armadillos (meaning "little armored ones" in Spanish) are New World placental mammals in the order Cingulata. The Chlamyphoridae and Dasypodidae are the only surviving families in the order, which is part of the superorder Xenarthra, along w ...

and

monkeys Monkey is a common name that may refer to most mammals of the infraorder Simiiformes, also known as the simians. Traditionally, all animals in the group now known as simians are counted as monkeys except the apes, which constitutes an incomple ...

Amphibians

There are about forty types of frogs present in the reserve which have been listed. We can mention the "Rana verde"

Phyllomedusa camba ''Phyllomedusa camba'' is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, intermittent freshwater marshes, rural gardens, an ...

. It can measure up to 83 millimeters. It is known for its slowness and difficulties to jump. From its pretty light green color it is easily recognizable. We can also mention the Pipa Pipa or also call Common suriname toad. It has the distinction of not making love songs to attract females but of snapping a bone in its throat instead.

Birds

The reserve now counts more than 330 different types of birds. Among the most known birds in the reserve is the

Collared aracari The collared aracari or collared araçari (''Pteroglossus torquatus'') is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found from Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela. Taxonomy and systematics The collared aracari was originally ...

() better known as the Tucanillo. This toucan is easily recognizable thanks to its yellow underparts with a red-brown band and is brown on the side of its head. There is also the Scarlet Macaw () also very easily recognizable thanks to its colors. It is one of the four species of Ara visible in the reserve. And finally it is also possible to see a rare and endemic species of the region:

Masked Antpitta The masked antpitta (''Hylopezus auricularis'') is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Bolivia in the city of Riberalta and around. It is in particular located in Puerto Hamburgo and in the Aquicuana Reserve. Its natu ...

(Hylopezus auricularis) (). It is classified as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) because of its very small range. It only exits in Riberalta and around. It has a dark brown "mask" around the eyes under a gray crown with a ridged groove and olive-brown upperparts.

Insects

Like any parts of the Amazon, Aquicuana is full of insects. Among the most recognizable and easily identifiable are butterflies. The red band

Biblis Hyperia ''Biblis hyperia'', the red rim or crimson-banded black, is a species of brush-footed butterfly (family Nymphalidae) that is native to the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in the United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and South A ...

is widely spread with a wingspan of 51 mm to 76 mm, its hind wings are much festooned. The reverse is a lighter brown with a pink band. Morpho deidamia is also very present in the reserve.

The communities

Two communities have lived in the reserve for several years: Warnes and San José. They both have a democratic election system to elect community presidents. Both live reserve resources such as agriculture and fishing.

Warnes

The community of Warnes was created in 1957 by farmers who wanted to live in a community with fewer people. They were seduced by the setting offered by this environment and in order to have access to education and water, they formalized the community on 16 June 1957. The community lives exclusively from the exploitation of natural resources. The cultivation of the land, the harvesting of the Brazil nut, the fishing and the breeding rhythm the daily life of the inhabitants of the community.

San Jose

The community of San José is less accessible than the community of Warnes. It is therefore less developed and structured. It was founded in 1975 by 15 families who settled near the lake for the exploitation of rubber. Indeed, the company "Casa Suarez" (see

Nicolás Suárez Callaú Nicolás Suárez Callaú (1851 in Portachuelo – 1940 in Cachuela Esperanza) set up a multinational rubber empire in South America at the beginning of the 20th century. Attracted by the rubber boom, Nicolas Suárez with his six brothers cros ...

) was very present at that time in the region and employed many people. Despite the almost instantaneous cessation of rubber production, the community remained on these lands. Today the community has 27 families, about 200 people. The community also lives on rice, banana and Yucca crops. Anything that is not consumed is sold on the

market. And just like in Warnes the president of the community is elected for 2 years by the heads of families (men and women).

Ecotourism

The communities organized themselves to provide the tours for tourists wishing to explore the

Amazon rainforest The Amazon rainforest, Amazon jungle or ; es, Selva amazónica, , or usually ; french: Forêt amazonienne; nl, Amazoneregenwoud. In English, the names are sometimes capitalized further, as Amazon Rainforest, Amazon Forest, or Amazon Jungle. ...

. The idea is to make sure tourists can visit the reserve while respecting the nature.

Pisatahua

Pisatahua is an integrative retreat of plant medicine and ayahuasca, located in the reserve itself. This environment offers a setting immersed in the Amazon jungle, while working with traditional

medicinal plants Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesize hundreds of chemical compounds for various functions, including defense and protection ag ...

References

{{coord missing, Bolivia Nature reserves in Bolivia Geography of Beni Department Amazon rainforest