''Aquareovirus'' is a genus of

double-stranded RNA viruses Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. The double-stranded genome is used to transcribe a positive-strand RNA by the viral RNA-dependent RNA pol ...

in the family ''

Reoviridae ''Reoviridae'' is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Member viruses have a wide host range, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists and fungi. They lack lipid envelopes and package their segmented genome within multi-layered ...

'' and subfamily ''

Spinareovirinae ''Spinareovirinae'' is a subfamily of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family ''Reoviridae''. Viruses in this group are distinguished by the presence of a turreted protein on the inner capsid. (''Spina'' = spiny or thorny in Latin.) Taxonomy ...

''.

Fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of li ...

shellfish Shellfish is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater envir ...

, and

crustacean Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipods and mantis shrimp. The crustacean group ...

species serve as natural hosts. Aquareoviruses in general have low or no pathogenicity for fish. However, some cause hemorrhagic disease,

hepatitis Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue. Some people or animals with hepatitis have no symptoms, whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal pa ...

and

pancreatitis Pancreatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas is a large organ behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and a number of hormones. There are two main types: acute pancreatitis, and chronic pancr ...

. Grass carp hemorrhage virus (causes hemorrhagic disease of grass carp) is the most pathogenic aquareovirus. There are seven species in this genus.

Structure

Aquareoviruses are non-enveloped, with a double

capsid A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material. It consists of several oligomeric (repeating) structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or may ...

structure that has

icosahedral In geometry, an icosahedron ( or ) is a polyhedron with 20 faces. The name comes and . The plural can be either "icosahedra" () or "icosahedrons". There are infinitely many non- similar shapes of icosahedra, some of them being more symmetrica ...

geometries, and T=13, T=2 symmetry. The diameter is around 75 nm.

Genome

Aquareoviruses have double-stranded RNA genomes which are linear and segmented. The total genome length ranges from 18.2 to 30.5 kbp. The genome has eleven segments and codes for twelve proteins.

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host cell receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by monopartite non-tubule guided viral movement. Fish, shellfish, and crustacean species serve as the natural host.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Aquareovirus'' has seven member species: *'' Aquareovirus A'' *'' Aquareovirus B'' *'' Aquareovirus C'' *'' Aquareovirus D'' *'' Aquareovirus E'' *''

Aquareovirus F ''Aquareovirus'' is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family ''Reoviridae'' and subfamily ''Spinareovirinae''. Fish, shellfish, and crustacean species serve as natural hosts. Aquareoviruses in general have low or no pathogenicity for ...

'' *''

Aquareovirus G ''Aquareovirus'' is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family ''Reoviridae'' and subfamily ''Spinareovirinae''. Fish, shellfish, and crustacean Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such ani ...

References

External links

Viralzone: Aquareovirus

ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q18822276 Spinareovirinae Virus genera