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''Aphonopelma'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of tarantula
Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although ...
s native to the Americas
The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World.
Along with th ...
. It includes nearly all the North American tarantula species north of Mexico and a considerable percentage of the tarantula species that range into Central America. Most are fairly large tarantulas with leg spans of 6 in (16 cm) or more. Like most New World tarantulas, all species of ''Aphonopelma'' have urticating hair
Urticating hairs or urticating bristles are one of the primary defense mechanisms used by numerous plants, almost all New World tarantulas, and various lepidopteran caterpillars. ''Urtica'' is Latin for "nettle" (stinging nettles are in the genu ...
s. Despite their fearsome appearance, these tarantulas are not harmful to humans and some species are popular in the pet trade. With about 90 species described so far, ''Aphonopelma'' comprises about 10% of the total number of described tarantula species. However, their taxonomy
Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification.
A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...
is poorly understood and species are difficult to tell apart, especially those that are brown or black without other pattern. Therefore, the actual number of species is unknown, with more species likely to be identified in the near future. In captivity, they are usually fed cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striki ...
s; in the wild, they eat most insects, including crickets, grasshoppers, cockroaches, mantises, and beetles.
Taxonomy
The genus has a complicated taxonomic history. It was erected in 1901 by Reginald I. Pocock, when he split up ''Eurypelma'' (now ''Avicularia
''Avicularia'' is a genus of the family Theraphosidae containing various species of arboreal tarantulas. The genus is native to Panama, the Caribbean and tropical South America. Each species in the genus has very distinguishable pink foot pads. ...
''), with the type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
'' Eurypelma seemanni''. Pocock also separated off the genus ''Dugesiella''. Two more new genera were later distinguished from ''Aphonopelma'': ''Delopelma'' by Alexander Petrunkevitch
Alexander Ivanovitch Petrunkevitch (Russian: Александр Иванович Петрункевич, December 22, 1875 in Plysky near Kyiv, now Ukraine – March 9, 1964 in New Haven) was an eminent Russian arachnologist of his time. From ...
in 1939 and ''Chaunopelma'' by Joseph C. Chamberlin in 1940. In 1985, Robert J. Raven
Robert John Raven is an Australian arachnologist, being the Head of Terrestrial Biodiversity and the Senior Curator (Arachnida) at the Queensland Museum. Dr Raven has described many species of spider in Australia and elsewhere, and is spider bite ...
reviewed mygalomorph genera and considered the differences among all these genera to be insignificant. He synonymized them under the name ''Rhechostica'', which had been published by Eugène Simon
Eugène Louis Simon (; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider taxonomist in history, describing over 4, ...
in 1892, so had priority. Since the name ''Aphonopelma'' was much better known than ''Rechostica'', the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is an organization dedicated to "achieving stability and sense in the scientific naming of animals". Founded in 1895, it currently comprises 26 commissioners from 20 countries.
Orga ...
in 1991 agreed to give ''Aphonopelma'' precedence over ''Rhechostica''. In 1995, Smith erected the genus ''Apachepelma'' for the species '' A. paloma''; in 1997, Prentice transferred it back to ''Aphonopelma''.
Phylogeny
Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the genus is notmonophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
. Two groups of species are apparent: one from Central America, including the type species ''A. seemanni'' from Costa Rica, and another made up of species found in the United States. The relationship between the two groups and the genus ''Sericopelma
''Sericopelma'' is a genus of tarantula (family Theraphosidae), found in Central America from Nicaragua to Panama. The limits of the genus and its distribution have long been confused; it is closely related to the genus ''Aphonopelma''. ''Seric ...
'' is shown in the cladogram below. With further research, a new genus may be needed for the American group of species.
Species
, theWorld Spider Catalog
The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ...
accepted 59 species. A monograph of the genus within the United States, published in 2016, made some major revisions. Only 15 of the original 55 U.S. species were fully accepted, 33 were reduced to synonyms
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...
, and seven to'' nomina dubia
In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application.
Zoology
In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...
'' (doubtful names). A further 14 new U.S. species were then described.
*'' Aphonopelma anax'' (Chamberlin, 1940) – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
, Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma anitahoffmannae'' Locht, Medina, Rojo & Vázquez, 2005 – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma armada'' (Chamberlin, 1940) – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma atomicum'' Hamilton, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*''Aphonopelma bacadehuachi
''Aphonopelma'' is a genus of tarantulas native to the Americas. It includes nearly all the North American tarantula species north of Mexico and a considerable percentage of the tarantula species that range into Central America. Most are fairly ...
'' Hendrixson, 2019 – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*''Aphonopelma belindae
''Aphonopelma'' is a genus of tarantulas native to the Americas. It includes nearly all the North American tarantula species north of Mexico and a considerable percentage of the tarantula species that range into Central America. Most are fairly ...
'' Gabriel, 2011 – Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...
*'' Aphonopelma bicoloratum'' Struchen, Brändle & Schmidt, 1996 – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*''Aphonopelma burica
''Aphonopelma'' is a genus of tarantulas native to the Americas. It includes nearly all the North American tarantula species north of Mexico and a considerable percentage of the tarantula species that range into Central America. Most are fairly ...
'' Valerio, 1980 – Costa Rica
Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...
*'' Aphonopelma caniceps'' (Simon, 1891) – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma catalina'' Hamilton, Hendrixson & Bond, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*''Aphonopelma chalcodes
''Aphonopelma chalcodes'', commonly known as the western desert tarantula, Arizona blonde tarantula or Mexican blonde tarantula is a species of spider belonging to the family Theraphosidae. It has a limited distribution in the deserts of Arizona ...
'' Chamberlin, 1940 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma chiricahua'' Hamilton, Hendrixson & Bond, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma cookei'' Smith, 1995 – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma crinirufum'' (Valerio, 1980) – Costa Rica
Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...
*'' Aphonopelma crinitum'' (Pocock, 1901) – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma duplex'' (Chamberlin, 1925) – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma eustathes'' (Chamberlin, 1940) – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*''Aphonopelma eutylenum
''Aphonopelma eutylenum'', commonly called California ebony tarantula, is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae
Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been ...
'' Chamberlin, 1940 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*''Aphonopelma gabeli
''Aphonopelma gabeli'' is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae
Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantula ...
'' Smith, 1995 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma geotoma'' (Chamberlin, 1937) – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma gertschi'' Smith, 1995 – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*''Aphonopelma griseum
''Aphonopelma'' is a genus of tarantulas native to the Americas. It includes nearly all the North American tarantula species north of Mexico and a considerable percentage of the tarantula species that range into Central America. Most are fairly ...
'' Chamberlin, 1940 – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*''Aphonopelma hageni
''Aphonopelma'' is a genus of tarantulas native to the Americas. It includes nearly all the North American tarantula species north of Mexico and a considerable percentage of the tarantula species that range into Central America. Most are fairly ...
'' (Strand, 1906) – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma helluo'' (Simon, 1891) – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma hentzi'' (Girard, 1852) – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*''Aphonopelma hesperum
''Aphonopelma'' is a genus of tarantulas native to the Americas. It includes nearly all the North American tarantula species north of Mexico and a considerable percentage of the tarantula species that range into Central America. Most are fairly ...
'' (Chamberlin, 1917) – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma icenoglei'' Hamilton, Hendrixson & Bond, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*''Aphonopelma iodius
''Aphonopelma iodius'' is a species of spider in the tarantula family Theraphosidae, found in United States (California, Nevada, Arizona and Utah). A 1997 paper combined it with three other previously described species (''A. angusi'', ''A.&n ...
'' (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939) – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma johnnycashi'' Hamilton, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*''Aphonopelma joshua
''Aphonopelma joshua'' is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae, found in United States (California).
References
joshua
Joshua () or Yehoshua ( ''Yəhōšuaʿ'', Tiberian: ''Yŏhōšuaʿ,'' lit. 'Yahweh is salvation') ''Yē ...
'' Prentice, 1997 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma latens'' (Chamberlin, 1917) – El Salvador
El Salvador (; , meaning " The Saviour"), officially the Republic of El Salvador ( es, República de El Salvador), is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south b ...
, Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the cou ...
*''Aphonopelma levii
''Aphonopelma'' is a genus of tarantulas native to the Americas. It includes nearly all the North American tarantula species north of Mexico and a considerable percentage of the tarantula species that range into Central America. Most are fairly ...
'' Smith, 1995 – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma madera'' Hamilton, Hendrixson & Bond, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma mareki'' Hamilton, Hendrixson & Bond, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma marxi'' (Simon, 1891) – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma moderatum'' (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939) – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma moellendorfi'' Hamilton, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*''Aphonopelma mojave
''Aphonopelma mojave'' is a species of spider, in the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas).
It is native to the Mojave Desert in Southern California
Southern California (commonly shortened to SoCal) is a geographic and cultural region that gene ...
'' Prentice, 1997 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma mooreae'' Smith, 1995 – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*''Aphonopelma nayaritum
''Aphonopelma'' is a genus of tarantulas native to the Americas. It includes nearly all the North American tarantula species north of Mexico and a considerable percentage of the tarantula species that range into Central America. Most are fairly ...
'' Chamberlin, 1940 – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma pallidum'' (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma paloma'' Prentice, 1993 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*''Aphonopelma parvum
''Aphonopelma parvum'' is a species of spiders in the family Theraphosidae
Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantul ...
'' Hamilton, Hendrixson & Bond, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma peloncillo'' Hamilton, Hendrixson & Bond, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*''Aphonopelma phasmus
''Aphonopelma phasmus'' is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae. It is only known from a single adult male collected near the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon National Park in Coconino County, Arizona
Coconino County is a co ...
'' Chamberlin, 1940 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma platnicki'' Smith, 1995 – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*''Aphonopelma prenticei
''Aphonopelma prenticei'' is a species of spiders in the family Theraphosidae
Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "taran ...
'' Hamilton, Hendrixson & Bond, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma prosoicum'' Chamberlin, 1940 – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*''Aphonopelma ruedanum
''Aphonopelma'' is a genus of tarantulas native to the Americas. It includes nearly all the North American tarantula species north of Mexico and a considerable percentage of the tarantula species that range into Central America. Most are fairly ...
'' Chamberlin, 1940 – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma saguaro'' Hamilton, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma sclerothrix'' (Valerio, 1980) – Costa Rica
Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...
*''Aphonopelma seemanni
''Aphonopelma seemanni'', the Costa Rican zebra tarantula, also known as the striped-knee tarantula, is a species of tarantula inhabiting most of western Costa Rica and other parts of Central America, such as Honduras and Nicaragua, and possibly ...
'' (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) (type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
) – Central America
Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...
*'' Aphonopelma serratum'' (Simon, 1891) – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma steindachneri'' (Ausserer, 1875) – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma superstitionense'' Hamilton, Hendrixson & Bond, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma truncatum'' (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) – Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
*'' Aphonopelma vorhiesi'' (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939) – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
*'' Aphonopelma xanthochromum'' (Valerio, 1980) – Costa Rica
Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...
*'' Aphonopelma xwalxwal'' Hamilton, 2016 – United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
In synonymy
Nomina dubia
In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application.
Zoology
In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...
Species transferred to other genera
Species names rejected in the 2016 monograph include
*''Aphonopelma apacheum'' Chamberlin, 1940 = ''A. chalcodes'' *''Aphonopelma arnoldi'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. armada'' *''Aphonopelma baergi'' Chamberlin, 1940, '' nom. dub.'' *''Aphonopelma behlei'' Chamberlin, 1940 = ''A. marxi'' *''Aphonopelma breenei'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. anax'' *''Aphonopelma brunnius'' Chamberlin, 1940 = ''A. iodius'' *''Aphonopelma chambersi'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. eutylenum'' *''Aphonopelma chamberlini
''Aphonopelma chamberlini'', also known as the Paso Robles rusty red tarantula, is regarded by some sources as a tarantula species endemic to California, and by others as synonymous with '' Aphonopelma iodius''.
Described in 1995, it is known fr ...
'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. iodius''
*''Aphonopelma clarki'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. hentzi''
*''Aphonopelma clarum'' Chamberlin, 1940 = ''A. eutylenum''
*''Aphonopelma coloradanum'' (Chamberlin, 1940) = ''A. hentzi''
*''Aphonopelma cratium'' Chamberlin, 1940, ''nom. dub.''
*''Aphonopelma cryptethum'' Chamberlin, 1940 = ''A. eutylenum''
*''Aphonopelma echinum'' (Chamberlin, 1940) = ''A. hentzi''
*''Aphonopelma gurleyi'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. hentzi''
*''Aphonopelma harlingenum'' (Chamberlin, 1940) = ''A. hentzi''
*''Aphonopelma heterops'' Chamberlin, 1940 = ''A. moderatum''
*''Aphonopelma iviei'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. iodius''
*''Aphonopelma jungi'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. vorhiesi''
*''Aphonopelma lithodomum'' Chamberlin, 1940 = ''A. iodius''
*''Aphonopelma minchi'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. chalcodes''
*''Aphonopelma mordax'' (Ausserer, 1871), ''nom. dub.''
*''Aphonopelma odelli'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. hentzi''
*''Aphonopelma phanum'' Chamberlin, 1940 = ''A. steindachneri''
*''Aphonopelma punzoi'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. vorhiesi''
*''Aphonopelma radinum'' (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939), ''nom. dub.''
*''Aphonopelma reversum'' Chamberlin, 1940 = ''A. steindachneri''
*''Aphonopelma rothi'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. chalcodes''
*''Aphonopelma rusticum'' (Simon, 1891), ''nom. dub.''
*''Aphonopelma sandersoni'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. eutylenum''
*''Aphonopelma schmidti'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. chalcodes''
*''Aphonopelma smithi'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. iodius''
*''Aphonopelma stahnkei'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. chalcodes''
*''Aphonopelma texense'' (Simon, 1891), ''nom. dub.''
*''Aphonopelma vogelae'' Smith, 1995 = ''A. marxi''
*''Aphonopelma waconum'' (Chamberlin, 1940) = ''A. hentzi''
*''Aphonopelma wichitanum'' (Chamberlin, 1940) = ''A. hentzi''
*''Aphonopelma zionis'' Chamberlin, 1940 = ''A. iodius''
References
External links
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q137594 Spiders of North America Spiders of Central America Theraphosidae genera Taxa named by R. I. Pocock