Apayao, officially the Province of Apayao ( ilo, Probinsia ti Apayao; fil, Lalawigan ng Apayao), is a landlocked
province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...
in the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
in the
Cordillera Administrative Region
The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR; ilo, Rehion/Deppaar Administratibo ti Kordiliera; fil, Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera), also known as the Cordillera Region and Cordillera (), is an administrative region in the Philippines, ...
in
Luzon
Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...
.
Kabugao
Kabugao, officially the Municipality of Kabugao, ( ilo, Ili ti Kabugao; tl, Bayan ng Kabugao), is a 1st class municipality and ''de jure'' capital of the province of Apayao, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 16,2 ...
serves as its capital. The provincial capitol and its associated offices are located at the New Government Center in
Luna
Luna commonly refers to:
* Earth's Moon, named "Luna" in Latin
* Luna (goddess), the ancient Roman personification of the Moon
Luna may also refer to:
Places Philippines
* Luna, Apayao
* Luna, Isabela
* Luna, La Union
* Luna, San Jose
Roma ...
.
The province borders
Cagayan
Cagayan ( ), officially the Province of Cagayan ( ilo, Probinsia ti Cagayan; ibg, Provinsiya na Cagayan; itv, Provinsiya ya Cagayan; fil, Lalawigan ng Cagayan), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the C ...
to the north and east,
Abra and
Ilocos Norte
Ilocos Norte, officially the Province of Ilocos Norte ( ilo, Probinsia ti Ilocos Norte; tl, Lalawigan ng Ilocos Norte), is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. Its capital is Laoag City, located in the northwest corner of ...
to the west, and
Kalinga Kalinga may refer to:
Geography, linguistics and/or ethnology
* Kalinga (historical region), a historical region of India
** Kalinga (Mahabharata), an apocryphal kingdom mentioned in classical Indian literature
** Kalinga script, an ancient writ ...
to the south. Prior to 1995, Kalinga and Apayao comprised a single province named ''
Kalinga-Apayao
Kalinga-Apayao () was a province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in the island of Luzon. It was formed, along with Benguet, Ifugao, and the new Mountain Province, from the earlier Mountain Province, with the passage o ...
'', which was
partitioned to better service the needs of individual ethnic groups.
With a population of 124,366 (as of the 2020 census) covering an area of ,
Apayao is the least
densely-populated province in the Philippines.
History
By 20th century, Apayao is predominated by the
Isneg
The Isnag people (also referred to as the Isneg and Apayao) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Apayao Province in the Philippines' Cordillera Administrative Region. Their native language is Isneg language, Isneg (also called Isnag), a ...
people. They are located primarily in the highland municipalities of
Kabugao
Kabugao, officially the Municipality of Kabugao, ( ilo, Ili ti Kabugao; tl, Bayan ng Kabugao), is a 1st class municipality and ''de jure'' capital of the province of Apayao, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 16,2 ...
and
Calanasan. Majority of them live in scattered settlements along the upper reaches of the Apayao-Abulug River; while some along a major tributary of the
Matalag River
The Matalag River is a river in the Philippines flowing from the town of Kabugao in Apayao province to Rizal town in Cagayan province. It is a tributary of the Chico River, which later joins the Cagayan River, the longest river in the country ...
in
Conner.
Spanish period
Although Apayao which was then part of
Cagayan
Cagayan ( ), officially the Province of Cagayan ( ilo, Probinsia ti Cagayan; ibg, Provinsiya na Cagayan; itv, Provinsiya ya Cagayan; fil, Lalawigan ng Cagayan), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the C ...
,
was among the earliest areas
penetrated by the Spaniards in the Cordilleras, the region, inhabited by the
Isneg
The Isnag people (also referred to as the Isneg and Apayao) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Apayao Province in the Philippines' Cordillera Administrative Region. Their native language is Isneg language, Isneg (also called Isnag), a ...
tribe, remained largely outside Spanish control until late in the 19th century. As early as 1610, the
Dominican friar
The Order of Preachers ( la, Ordo Praedicatorum) abbreviated OP, also known as the Dominicans, is a Catholic mendicant order of Pontifical Right for men founded in Toulouse, France, by the Spanish priest, saint and mystic Dominic of Cal ...
s established a
mission
Mission (from Latin ''missio'' "the act of sending out") may refer to:
Organised activities Religion
*Christian mission, an organized effort to spread Christianity
*Mission (LDS Church), an administrative area of The Church of Jesus Christ of ...
in what is now the town of
Pudtol
Pudtol, officially the Municipality of Pudtol, ( ilo, Ili ti Pudtol; tl, Bayan ng Pudtol), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Apayao, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 15,491 people.
History
Pudtol, t ...
. In 1684, the friars again made attempts to convert the people and established a church in what is now
Kabugao
Kabugao, officially the Municipality of Kabugao, ( ilo, Ili ti Kabugao; tl, Bayan ng Kabugao), is a 1st class municipality and ''de jure'' capital of the province of Apayao, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 16,2 ...
.
The Spanish authorities were then able to establish in
Cagayan
Cagayan ( ), officially the Province of Cagayan ( ilo, Probinsia ti Cagayan; ibg, Provinsiya na Cagayan; itv, Provinsiya ya Cagayan; fil, Lalawigan ng Cagayan), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the C ...
the ''comandancia''s of Apayao and
Cabugaoan in 1891,
which covered the western and eastern portions of what is now Apayao. The ''comandancia''s, however, failed to bring total control and the Spanish government only maintained a loose hold over the area.
American period
Apayao was established through ''
Act No. 1642'' on May 9, 1907 as a sub-province of
Cagayan
Cagayan ( ), officially the Province of Cagayan ( ilo, Probinsia ti Cagayan; ibg, Provinsiya na Cagayan; itv, Provinsiya ya Cagayan; fil, Lalawigan ng Cagayan), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the C ...
province.
The Americans established the
Mountain Province
Mountain Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc. Mountain Province was formerly referred to as ''Mountain'' in some foreign references. The name is usually short ...
on August 13, 1908, with the enactment of ''Act No. 1876''. Apayao was incorporated; and along with
Amburayan
Amburayan was an administrative division of the Philippines, existing as a politico-military ''comandancia'' from 1890 to 1902, and a sub-province from 1902 to 1920. Its territory encompassed most of the Amburayan River watershed, initially predo ...
,
Benguet
Benguet (), officially the Province of Benguet ('';'' ; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; ilo, Probinsia ti Benguet; ), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the islan ...
, Bontoc,
Ifugao
Ifugao, officially the Province of Ifugao ( ilo, Probinsia ti Ifugao; tl, Lalawigan ng Ifugao), is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Lagawe and it borders Benguet to the wes ...
,
Kalinga Kalinga may refer to:
Geography, linguistics and/or ethnology
* Kalinga (historical region), a historical region of India
** Kalinga (Mahabharata), an apocryphal kingdom mentioned in classical Indian literature
** Kalinga script, an ancient writ ...
, and Lepanto, became sub-provinces of this new province.
In the early years, the sub-province underwent series of territorial changes:
* Part of Apayao was transferred to the Province of
Ilocos Norte
Ilocos Norte, officially the Province of Ilocos Norte ( ilo, Probinsia ti Ilocos Norte; tl, Lalawigan ng Ilocos Norte), is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. Its capital is Laoag City, located in the northwest corner of ...
(''
Executive Order
In the United States, an executive order is a directive by the president of the United States that manages operations of the federal government. The legal or constitutional basis for executive orders has multiple sources. Article Two of th ...
21'', 1920).
* 1922: A ''barrio'' of municipal district of Bayag (now
Calanasan) was transferred to ''Namaltugan''.
* 1927: Parts of the municipal district of
Pinukpuk in Kalinga were annexed to
Conner.
* Through ''EO 200'', approved on September 6, 1929, ''barrios'' in ''Tauit'' were organized into a separate municipal district,
Luna
Luna commonly refers to:
* Earth's Moon, named "Luna" in Latin
* Luna (goddess), the ancient Roman personification of the Moon
Luna may also refer to:
Places Philippines
* Luna, Apayao
* Luna, Isabela
* Luna, La Union
* Luna, San Jose
Roma ...
, effective October 1.
* Through ''EO 13'', approved on January 21, 1936, ''Tauit'' was abolished and was annexed as a single ''barrio'' to Luna, effective February 1.
* Through ''EO 78'', approved on December 23, 1936, ''Namaltugan'' was abolished and was annexed to Bayag and
Kabugao
Kabugao, officially the Municipality of Kabugao, ( ilo, Ili ti Kabugao; tl, Bayan ng Kabugao), is a 1st class municipality and ''de jure'' capital of the province of Apayao, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 16,2 ...
, effective January 1, 1937.
In the early years, Apayao as a sub-province was divided into seven municipal districts, all
Isneg
The Isnag people (also referred to as the Isneg and Apayao) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Apayao Province in the Philippines' Cordillera Administrative Region. Their native language is Isneg language, Isneg (also called Isnag), a ...
predominated.
While the Isneg clashed with the
Philippine Constabulary
The Philippine Constabulary (PC; tl, Hukbóng Pamayapà ng Pilipinas, ''HPP''; es, Policía de Filipinas, ''PF'') was a gendarmerie-type police force of the Philippines from 1901 to 1991, and the predecessor to the Philippine National Po ...
in the early years, the families attempted to escape the area and go into the mountains of Ilocos Norte and
Abra. They were involved in an attack in Tauit in 1913.
World War II
In 1942,
Japanese Imperial forces
The Imperial Japanese Armed Forces (IJAF) were the combined military forces of the Japanese Empire. Formed during the Meiji Restoration in 1868,"One can date the 'restoration' of imperial rule from the edict of 3 January 1868." p. 334. they ...
entered Apayao, starting a three-year occupation of the province during the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
. Local Filipino troops of the 1st, 2nd, 12th, 15th, and 16th Infantry Division of the
Philippine Commonwealth Army
The Philippine Army was established on December 21, 1935, as the Army of the Philippines, with a general headquarters in Manila, and units and formations based throughout the provinces of the Philippines.
The Philippine Army was initially org ...
and the military forces of the USAFIP-NL 11th and 66th Infantry Regiment, supported by the Cordilleran guerrillas, drove out the Japanese in 1945.
During the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
,
Kabugao
Kabugao, officially the Municipality of Kabugao, ( ilo, Ili ti Kabugao; tl, Bayan ng Kabugao), is a 1st class municipality and ''de jure'' capital of the province of Apayao, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 16,2 ...
was occupied for a year by
the Japanese; an
Isneg
The Isnag people (also referred to as the Isneg and Apayao) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Apayao Province in the Philippines' Cordillera Administrative Region. Their native language is Isneg language, Isneg (also called Isnag), a ...
guerilla force was organized under a
United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cla ...
captain who had escaped the
Fall of Bataan. Little fighting occurred in the sub-province, but a number of Isneg fought with the American and Filipino forces in the
Cagayan Valley
Cagayan Valley ( ilo, Tanap ti Cagayan; fil, Lambak ng Cagayan), is an administrative region in the Philippines, located in the northeastern section of Luzon Island. It is composed of five Philippine provinces: Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nue ...
and in the neighboring areas. The war and the post-war era seen development among the Isnegs, although slowly.
Kalinga-Apayao creation and splitting
On June 18, 1966, the huge
Mountain Province
Mountain Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc. Mountain Province was formerly referred to as ''Mountain'' in some foreign references. The name is usually short ...
was split into four provinces with the enactment of ''
Republic Act
This article contains a partial list of Philippine laws.
Sources of Philippine laws
;Notes
: *Customs may be considered as supplementary source of law, however, customs which are contrary to law, public order or public policy shall not be ...
No. 4695''. The four provinces were Benguet, Bontoc (renamed "Mountain Province"),
Kalinga-Apayao
Kalinga-Apayao () was a province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in the island of Luzon. It was formed, along with Benguet, Ifugao, and the new Mountain Province, from the earlier Mountain Province, with the passage o ...
and Ifugao.
Kalinga-Apayao, along with Ifugao, became one of the provinces of the
Cagayan Valley
Cagayan Valley ( ilo, Tanap ti Cagayan; fil, Lambak ng Cagayan), is an administrative region in the Philippines, located in the northeastern section of Luzon Island. It is composed of five Philippine provinces: Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nue ...
region in 1972.
On July 15, 1987, the
Cordillera Administrative Region
The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR; ilo, Rehion/Deppaar Administratibo ti Kordiliera; fil, Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera), also known as the Cordillera Region and Cordillera (), is an administrative region in the Philippines, ...
was established and Kalinga-Apayao was made one of its provinces.
Finally, on February 14, 1995, Kalinga-Apayao was split into two independent provinces with the passage of ''Republic Act No. 7878''.
Biodiversity and biosphere reserve
Apayao is biologically diverse. The province is sanctuary to 139 bird species, 61 of which are endemic and 4 threatened.
It also has 43 species of wild food plants eaten by the indigenous people and 50 species of medicinal plants. The province is home to critically endangered
rufous hornbill
The rufous hornbill (''Buceros hydrocorax''), also known as the Philippine hornbill and locally as kalaw (pronounced KAH-lau), is a large species of hornbill endemic to the Philippines (the largest hornbill in the country). The are referred by l ...
s, ''
lawaan
Lawaan, officially the Municipality of Lawaan ( war, Bungto han Lawaan; tl, Bayan ng Lawaan), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Eastern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 13,003 people. It is h ...
'' or dipterocarp trees,
Raflesia flowers, and the
white-winged flying fox
The white-winged flying fox (''Desmalopex leucopterus''), also known as the mottle-winged flying fox is a species of bat in the family Pteropodidae. They are endemic to the Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), offici ...
.
The
Philippine Eagle Foundation began its search of eagles in Apayao in 2011 after reports of huge eagles were roaming the area for centuries.
On March 22, 2013, scientists discovered the stronghold of critically endangered
Philippine eagle
The Philippine eagle (''Pithecophaga jefferyi''), also known as the monkey-eating eagle or great Philippine eagle, is a critically endangered species of eagle of the family Accipitridae which is endemic to forests in the Philippines. It has br ...
s, the country's national bird, in Luzon island within the vicinity of the Calanasan Lowland Forest. In January 2015, the town of Calanasan initiated a program which protected 3,000 hectares of forests under its jurisdiction. Additionally, the province of Apayao is one of the very few in the country that has an approved forest land use plan (FLUP).
The first active Philippine eagle nest in Apayao was discovered in July 2015.
On 9 July 2018,
the provincial government of Apayao announced their intent for the province to be a UNESCO
Biosphere Reserve
A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, or features of geological or o ...
. The province, which possesses more than 286,000 hectares of virgin forests, also noted that they have sent four of their personnel to train in the United States under the US Foreign Service to hasten the declaration of the site. On January 16, 2019, the provincial government announced that they were doing "legwork for the inscription."
''Tauit''
Tauit (or Tawit), an
Isneg
The Isnag people (also referred to as the Isneg and Apayao) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Apayao Province in the Philippines' Cordillera Administrative Region. Their native language is Isneg language, Isneg (also called Isnag), a ...
settlement along the lower Apayao-Abulug River, was a former municipal district and Apayao's first sub-provincial capital (1907–1915) until the capital was moved to
Kabugao
Kabugao, officially the Municipality of Kabugao, ( ilo, Ili ti Kabugao; tl, Bayan ng Kabugao), is a 1st class municipality and ''de jure'' capital of the province of Apayao, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 16,2 ...
in August 1915 by virtue of ''
Executive Order
In the United States, an executive order is a directive by the president of the United States that manages operations of the federal government. The legal or constitutional basis for executive orders has multiple sources. Article Two of th ...
No. 45''.
—''Executive Order 45 (1915):''
—''Executive Order 68 (1927):'' It had been existed by the time of creation of the sub-province of Apayao.
Tauit is said to be the forerunner of the present-day
Pudtol
Pudtol, officially the Municipality of Pudtol, ( ilo, Ili ti Pudtol; tl, Bayan ng Pudtol), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Apayao, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 15,491 people.
History
Pudtol, t ...
.
"Brief History of Pudtol"
' Municipality of Pudtol. Retrieved Aug. 1, 2022. Its seat of government at Barrio Tawit was later divided into four barangays in the municipality.
In 1913, a band of Isneg attacked Tauit, as they were infuriated by the large number of
Ilocano settling in the territory under the protection of the local government.
In 1926,
Allacapan
Allacapan, officially the Municipality of Allacapan ( ilo, Ili ti Allacapan; fil, Bayan ng Allacapan), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 35,234 people.
Allac ...
was founded as its municipal district. In July 1927, the area was separated from Tauit and was organized into an independent one with the same name by virtue of ''EO No. 68''.
It was ceded to the province of
Cagayan
Cagayan ( ), officially the Province of Cagayan ( ilo, Probinsia ti Cagayan; ibg, Provinsiya na Cagayan; itv, Provinsiya ya Cagayan; fil, Lalawigan ng Cagayan), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the C ...
in 1928.
In 1929, a separate municipal district taken from Tauit, ''Macatel'' (later renamed
Luna
Luna commonly refers to:
* Earth's Moon, named "Luna" in Latin
* Luna (goddess), the ancient Roman personification of the Moon
Luna may also refer to:
Places Philippines
* Luna, Apayao
* Luna, Isabela
* Luna, La Union
* Luna, San Jose
Roma ...
through a resolution), was organized through ''EO No. 200''.
[History and government of Luna, Apayao](_blank)
(via Department of the Interior and Local Government
The Department of the Interior and Local Government ( fil, Kagawaran ng Interyor at Pamahalaang Lokal), abbreviated as DILG, is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for promoting peace and order, ensuring public saf ...
–CAR). Retrieved July 28, 2022.
Difficulties in transportation led to the decision to abandon Tauit as a municipal district and to be represented by Luna.
Tauit was abolished through ''EO No. 13'', issued on January 21, 1936 and effective February 1, with remaining territories annexed as a single ''barrio'' to Luna.
"Executive Order No. 13, s. 1936"
' Official Gazette
A government gazette (also known as an official gazette, official journal, official newspaper, official monitor or official bulletin) is a periodical publication that has been authorised to publish public or legal notices. It is usually establis ...
. Retrieved July 26, 2022. These territories were established as the municipal district of Pudtol upon its creation on December 3, 1956 through ''EO No. 217''.
Parts of the territories of Pudtol and Luna were later established as the municipalities of
Flora
Flora is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous) native plants. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora, as in the terms '' gut flora'' or '' skin flora''.
E ...
and
Santa Marcela; meanwhile, Tauit also comprised some parts of
Lasam in Cagayan. At present, remnants of Tauit are located in northeastern Apayao and in few parts of Cagayan.
[Pudtol - A Brief History](_blank)
Retrieved July 26, 2022.
Geography
Apayao is basically situated within the
Cordillera Central mountains, traversed by many rivers. The province covers an area of forming the northern tip of the
Cordillera Administrative Region
The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR; ilo, Rehion/Deppaar Administratibo ti Kordiliera; fil, Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera), also known as the Cordillera Region and Cordillera (), is an administrative region in the Philippines, ...
, and is bounded on the north and east by
Cagayan
Cagayan ( ), officially the Province of Cagayan ( ilo, Probinsia ti Cagayan; ibg, Provinsiya na Cagayan; itv, Provinsiya ya Cagayan; fil, Lalawigan ng Cagayan), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the C ...
, west by
Ilocos Norte
Ilocos Norte, officially the Province of Ilocos Norte ( ilo, Probinsia ti Ilocos Norte; tl, Lalawigan ng Ilocos Norte), is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. Its capital is Laoag City, located in the northwest corner of ...
, southwest by
Abra and south by
Kalinga Kalinga may refer to:
Geography, linguistics and/or ethnology
* Kalinga (historical region), a historical region of India
** Kalinga (Mahabharata), an apocryphal kingdom mentioned in classical Indian literature
** Kalinga script, an ancient writ ...
.
The province is geographically subdivided into ''Upper Apayao'' (composed of the upland municipalities: Calanasan, Conner and Kabugao) and ''Lower Apayao'' (the lowland municipalities: Luna, Pudtol, Flora and Sta. Marcela).
Plains and valleys are used for farming. Apayao is basically composed of farmlands.
Climate
The prevailing climate in the province falls under
Corona's Type III Classification. It is characterized by relatively dry and wet seasons, from November to April, and wet during the rest of the year. Heaviest rain during December to February while the month of May is the warmest.
Administrative divisions
Apayao comprises 7
municipalities
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
, all encompassed by a
lone legislative district.
Barangays
The 7 municipalities of the province comprise a total of 133
barangay
A barangay (; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), historically referred to as barrio (abbreviated as Bo.), is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district, or ward. In metropolitan ...
s, with Barangay Malama in
Conner as the most populous in 2015, and Eleazar in
Calanasan as the least.
Demographics
The population of Apayao in the 2020 census was 124,366 people, with a density of .
Based on the 2000 census survey,
Ilocanos
The Ilocanos ( ilo, Tattao nga Iloko/), Ilokanos, or Iloko people are the third largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group and mostly reside within the Ilocos Region in the northwestern seaboard of Luzon, Philippines. The native language of the Ilo ...
comprised of the total provincial population of 97,058, while almost 1/3 of the population were
Isnag
The Isnag people (also referred to as the Isneg and Apayao) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Apayao Province in the Philippines' Cordillera Administrative Region. Their native language is Isneg language, Isneg (also called Isnag), ...
at . Other ethnic groups in the province were the
Malaueg
Malaweg (Malaueg) is spoken by the Malaweg people in the northern part of the Philippines. As per ''Ethnologue'', it is a dialect of the Itawis language.Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendice ...
at ,
Isneg
The Isnag people (also referred to as the Isneg and Apayao) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Apayao Province in the Philippines' Cordillera Administrative Region. Their native language is Isneg language, Isneg (also called Isnag), a ...
at ,
Kalinga Kalinga may refer to:
Geography, linguistics and/or ethnology
* Kalinga (historical region), a historical region of India
** Kalinga (Mahabharata), an apocryphal kingdom mentioned in classical Indian literature
** Kalinga script, an ancient writ ...
at ,
Kankanaey at ,
Bontoc Bontoc may refer to:
* Bontoc, Mountain Province, Philippines
* Bontoc, Southern Leyte, Philippines
* Bontoc people, an ethnic group from Central Luzon, Philippines
* Bontoc language
Bontoc (Bontok) (also called Finallig) is the native language ...
at , and
Ibaloi
The Ibaloi (also spelled Ibaloy; Ibaloi: ''ivadoy'', ) are an indigenous ethnic group found in Benguet Province of the northern Philippines.
''Ibaloi'' is derived from ''i-'', a prefix signifying "pertaining to" and ''badoy'' or house, together ...
at .
Economy
Apayao is devoted to agricultural production, particularly food and industrial crops such as
palay
Rice is the seed of the grass species ''Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice) or less commonly ''Oryza glaberrima'' (African rice). The name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera '' Zizania'' and '' Porteresia'', both wild and domesticated ...
,
corn
Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...
,
coffee
Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulant, stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world.
S ...
,
root crop
Root vegetables are underground plant parts eaten by humans as food. Although botany distinguishes true roots (such as taproots and tuberous roots) from non-roots (such as bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers, although some contain both hypocoty ...
s and
vegetable
Vegetables are parts of plants that are consumed by humans or other animals as food. The original meaning is still commonly used and is applied to plants collectively to refer to all edible plant matter, including the flowers, fruits, stems, ...
s. Fruits produced include
lanzones
''Lansium parasiticum'', commonly known as langsat (), lanzones (), or longkong in English; duku in Indonesian or dokong in Terengganu Malay, is a species of tree in the Mahogany family with commercially cultivated edible fruits. The species ...
,
citrus
''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lim ...
,
banana
A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus ''Musa''. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguis ...
s and
pineapple
The pineapple (''Ananas comosus'') is a tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae. The pineapple is indigenous to South America, where it has been cultivated for many centuri ...
s,
durian
The durian (, ) is the edible fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus ''Durio''. There are 30 recognised ''Durio'' species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit. ''Durio zibethinus'', native to Borneo and Sumatra, is the onl ...
,
santol,
rambutan
Rambutan (; taxonomic name: ''Nephelium lappaceum'') is a medium-sized tropical tree in the family Sapindaceae. The name also refers to the edible fruit produced by this tree. The rambutan is native to Southeast Asia. It is closely related to s ...
,
coconut
The coconut tree (''Cocos nucifera'') is a member of the palm tree family ( Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus ''Cocos''. The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the ...
and
mangosteen
Mangosteen (''Garcinia mangostana''), also known as the purple mangosteen, is a tropical evergreen tree with edible fruit native to tropical lands surrounding the Indian Ocean. Its origin is uncertain due to widespread prehistoric cultivation. ...
.
Rice
Rice is the seed of the grass species ''Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice) or less commonly ''Oryza glaberrima
''Oryza glaberrima'', commonly known as African rice, is one of the two domesticated rice species. It was first domesticated and grown i ...
production totaled 98,489 metric tons in 2011.
Parts of Apayao are home to
rice terraces
In agriculture, a terrace is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming. This type of landscaping is therefore ...
.
Economic activity is also based on
livestock
Livestock are the domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to provide labor and produce diversified products for consumption such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool. The term is sometimes used to refer solely to animals ...
and
poultry
Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, a ...
breeding such as swine, carabao, cattle, goat and sheep. Other additional investment includes manufacturing, food processing, furniture, crafts and house wares making.
Updated records of the
Department of Trade and Industry Provincial Office reveal that existing industries in the province are furniture, garment craft, food processing, gifts and house wares, and agricultural support.
The people of Apayao also have a rich tradition of basket, handicraft, and textile weaving.
References
External links
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{{Authority control
Provinces of the Philippines
Former sub-provinces of the Philippines
States and territories established in 1995
1995 establishments in the Philippines