The Apaturinae are a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...

that includes many

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

commonly called emperors.

Description

Strikingly-coloured, with cryptic underwing. A distinguishing character of the subfamily is the green

proboscis A proboscis () is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elong ...

. Agathina emperor (Doxocopa agathina agathina).jpg, ''Doxocopa agathina'' with green proboscis

Genera

Apaturinae consists of 20 genera and shows separate distributions and uncommon host–plant associations. Most genera of this subfamily are found throughout South-East Asia and Africa, whereas the genera ''Doxocopa'' and ''Asterocampa'' are spread mainly in South America and North America.Ohshima, I., Tanikawa-Dodo, Y., Saigusa, T., Nishiyama, T., Kitani, M., Hasebe, M., & Mohri, H. (2010). Phylogeny, biogeography, and host–plant association in the subfamily Apaturinae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from eight nuclear and seven mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57(3), 1026-1036. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.018 *''

Apatura ''Apatura'' is a genus of butterflies commonly known as the emperors. Species Listed alphabetically: * ''Apatura ilia'' ( enis and Schiffermüller 1775) – lesser purple emperor * '' Apatura iris'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – purple emperor * '' ...

'' *''

Apaturina ''Apaturina'' is a monotypic genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. Its sole species is ''Apaturina erminea'', the turquoise emperor. Description ''Apaturina erminea'' has a wingspan of about , and males measure marginally larger than ...

'' *'' Apaturopsis'' *'' Asterocampa'' *'' Chitoria'' *'' Dilipa'' *''

Doxocopa ''Doxocopa'' is a genus of Neotropical butterflies in the family Nymphalidae, subfamily Apaturinae. It includes the following species: * '' Doxocopa agathina'' (Cramer, 777 - Agathina emperor * '' Doxocopa burmeisteri'' (Godman & Salvin, 884 ...

'' *''

Euapatura ''Euapatura'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. It is monotypic, containing only the species ''Euapatura mirza'' found in northern Iraq. External links"''Euapatura'' Ebert, 1971"
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Ot ...

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Eulaceura ''Eulaceura'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae and subfamily Apaturinae The Apaturinae are a subfamily of butterflies that includes many species commonly called emperors. Description Strikingly-coloured, with cryptic unde ...

'' *'' Euripus'' *'' Helcyra'' *''

Herona ''Herona'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are ...

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Hestina Hestina is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae subfamily Apaturinae. The genus is found in the East Palearctic and Southeast Asia. Known larval food plants are ''Celtis'' and, for one species, '' Trema'' (Ulmaceae). These include ' ...

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Hestinalis ''Hestinalis'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they ...

'' *''

Mimathyma ''Mimathyma'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae found in eastern and southern Asia. The genus was erected by Frederic Moore in 1896. Species Listed alphabetically: * '' Mimathyma ambica'' (Kollar, 844 – Indian purple empero ...

'' *'' Rohana'' *''

Sasakia ''Sasakia'' is a genus of butterflies in the subfamily Apaturinae of the family Nymphalidae The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfam ...

'' *'' Sephisa'' *''

Thaleropis ''Thaleropis'' is a monotypic genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. Its only species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is ...

'' *''

Timelaea ''Timelaea'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. The genus was erected by Hippolyte Lucas Pierre-Hippolyte Lucas (17 January 1814 – 5 July 1899) was a French entomologist. Lucas was an assistant- naturalist at the Muséum ...

References

External links

Checklist Nearctic Nymphalidae
List of North American species with images.

Images. In Japanese but with

binomial name In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

s. - Butterfly subfamilies {{Apaturinae-stub