Apatura
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Apatura
''Apatura'' is a genus of butterflies commonly known as the emperors. Species Listed alphabetically: * ''Apatura ilia'' ( enis and Schiffermüller 1775) – lesser purple emperor * ''Apatura iris'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – purple emperor * ''Apatura laverna'' Leech, 1893 * ''Apatura metis'' Freyer, 1829 – Freyer's purple emperor Moved to genus '' Chitoria'': * '' Apatura fasciola'' (Leech, 1890) now in '' Chitoria fasciola'' * '' Apatura sordida'' (Moore, 1865) – sordid emperor now in '' Chitoria sordida'' * '' Apatura ulupi'' (Doherty, 1889) – tawny emperor now in ''Chitoria ulupi'' * '' Apatura vietnamica'' Nguyen, 1979 now in '' Chitoria vietnamica'' Moved to genus ''Mimathyma'': * '' Apatura ambica'' (Kollar, 1844) – Indian purple emperor now in '' Mimathyma ambica'' * '' Apatura chevana'' Moore 1865 – sergeant emperor now in ''Mimathyma chevana'' * '' Apatura nycteis'' Ménétriès, 1859 now in ''Mimathyma nycteis'' * '' Apatura schrenckii'' Ménétriès, 1858 – ...
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Apatura Eat Frog 2010 G2
''Apatura'' is a genus of butterflies commonly known as the emperors. Species Listed alphabetically: * '' Apatura ilia'' ( enis and Schiffermüller 1775) – lesser purple emperor * ''Apatura iris'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – purple emperor * ''Apatura laverna'' Leech, 1893 * ''Apatura metis'' Freyer, 1829 – Freyer's purple emperor Moved to genus '' Chitoria'': * '' Apatura fasciola'' (Leech, 1890) now in '' Chitoria fasciola'' * '' Apatura sordida'' (Moore, 1865) – sordid emperor now in '' Chitoria sordida'' * '' Apatura ulupi'' (Doherty, 1889) – tawny emperor now in ''Chitoria ulupi'' * '' Apatura vietnamica'' Nguyen, 1979 now in '' Chitoria vietnamica'' Moved to genus ''Mimathyma'': * '' Apatura ambica'' (Kollar, 1844) – Indian purple emperor now in '' Mimathyma ambica'' * '' Apatura chevana'' Moore 1865 – sergeant emperor now in ''Mimathyma chevana'' * '' Apatura nycteis'' Ménétriès, 1859 now in ''Mimathyma nycteis'' * '' Apatura schrenckii'' Ménétriès, 1858 †...
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Apatura Ilia
''Apatura ilia'', the lesser purple emperor, is a species of butterfly native to most of Europe and east across the Palearctic. It is named for its similarity to the purple emperor butterfly. Description The wingspan is in the female and in the male. The upper side of the wings is dark brown, with metallic blue-violet hues in the male, and it has a clear postdiscal band on the hind wing and several light spots on the fore wing. These clear areas can be presented in two different aspects; they are white on the butterflies of the nominal form ''ilia'', and clear fawn in the form ''clytie''. For both forms, the fore wing also has an orange-coloured ocellus, which makes differentiating the species from ''Apatura iris'' possible. A similar ocellus is present on the hind wing in both species. The reverse side of the fore wing is brown and the back of the hind wing is dull brown with, as in ''A. iris'', an orange ocellus centered in black. File:Kleiner_Schillerfalter_-_Jungraupe_ ...
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Apatura Iris
''Apatura iris'', the purple emperor, is a Palearctic butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. Description Adults have dark brown wings with white bands and spots, and a small orange ring on each of the hindwings. Males have a wingspan of , and have a purple-blue sheen caused by iridescence that the slightly larger (80–92 mm) females lack.Heath J. & Maitland Emmet A. (1989) ''The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland'', Vol.7 Part 1, Harley Books Ltd., Colchester: The caterpillar, larvae (caterpillars) are green with white and yellow markings, and have two large "horns" at the anterior end and a smaller one at the posterior. Apatura iris MHNT CUT 2013 3 18 Compiegne Dos.jpg, Dorsal side Apatura iris MHNT CUT 2013 3 18 Compiegne Ventre.jpg, Ventral side Habits Females spend most of their lives in the tree canopy, favouring dense and mature Quercus, oak woodlands, coming down only to lay their eggs on the small willow bushes that grow in clearings and bridle ...
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Apatura Metis
''Apatura metis'', the Freyer's purple emperor, is a species of butterfly found in Eurasia."''Apatura metis'' Freyer, 1829"
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms''


Appearance

Freyer's purple emperor has dark wings with reddish and yellow bands. The wings of the male are bluish purple if seen from the right angle.


Systematics

Freyer's purple emperor belongs to the genus '''', subfamily Apaturinae. The species is divided into seven subspecies: * ''Apatura metis metis'' (Freyer, 1829)
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Apatura Laverna
''Apatura laverna'' is a butterfly found in the Palearctic that belongs to the emperors group within the brushfooted family. It is endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ... to China. Subspecies *''A. l. laverna'' Sichuan, Shaanxi *''A. l. yunlingensis'' Yoshino, 1999 N.Yunnan Description from Seitz A. laverna Leech (51a) recalls '' A. ilia'' here in the shape of the wings, but the distal margin of the fore-wing is more distinctly angulate below the apex and more deeply incurved below this angle. Ground-colour deep ochreous-brown, the markings blackish and similar to those of the subspecies of ''A. ilia'' mentioned above, but the rounded spots in the distal area of the hindwing are absent, there being here a narrow blackish band at the outer side of which sta ...
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Chitoria Ulupi
''Chitoria ulupi'', the tawny emperor, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in tropical Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area .... Subspecies *''Chitoria ulupi ulupi'' (Assam, Manipur, Burma) *''Chitoria ulupi dubernardi'' (Oberthür) (western China: Yunnan) *''Chitoria ulupi arakii'' (Naritomi) (Taiwan) *''Chitoria ulupi kalaurica'' Tytler, 1926 (Burma) *''Chitoria ulupi fulva'' Leech, 1891 (Korea, eastern China, Sichuan) *''Chitoria ulupi tong'' Yoshino, 1997 (Guanxi) References Apaturinae Butterflies described in 1889 Butterflies of Asia {{nymphalidae-stub ...
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Hamadryas (butterfly)
Cracker butterflies are a Neotropical group of medium-sized brush-footed butterfly species of the genus ''Hamadryas''. They acquired their common name due to the unusual way that males produce a "cracking" sound as part of their territoriality, territorial displays. The most comprehensive work about their ecology and behavior is that of Julian Monge Najera et al. (1998). The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1806. Description Cracker butterflies are all fairly crypsis, cryptic in their dorsal coloration, commonly covered in varying colored spots, most of which resemble bark; some are known to have little coloration, such as the ''Hamadryas februa''. Distribution and habitat This genus of butterflies are commonly found throughout South America to Arizona, where at least nine species can be found in Costa Rica. (2007). ''Butterflies of Southern Amazonia''. Neotropical Butterflies, Mission, Texas. (2004): ''Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera'' (Checklist Part 4A. Hesperioidea-Papi ...
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Mimathyma Schrenckii
''Mimathyma schrenckii '' is a butterfly found in the East Palearctic (Amurland to Korea, Northeast China) that belongs to the Nymphalidae family. Subspecies *''M. s. schrenckii'' Amurland to Korea, north-eastern China *''M. s. laeta'' (Oberthür, 1906) Yunnan Description from Seitz A. schrenckii Men. (51b). Upperside black-brown; markings of the forewing white, a spot at the hindmargin bluish, being connected with the white discal markings by a russet-red double spot situated in front of it; on the hindwing a very broad white band which is bordered all round by iridescent-blue scaling, at the distal margin a row of bluish white spots, the posterior ones being indistinct. The dark ground of both wings shot with blue in certain lights. Female larger, ground-colour duller, with a greenish sheen, before the hindmargin of the forewing an abbreviated brownish band instead of the bluish spot. The underside of the hindwing of both sexes light blue with silvery gloss, and with an o ...
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Apaturinae
The Apaturinae are a subfamily of butterflies that includes many species commonly called emperors. Description Strikingly-coloured, with cryptic underwing. A distinguishing character of the subfamily is the green proboscis. Agathina emperor (Doxocopa agathina agathina).jpg, ''Doxocopa agathina'' with green proboscis Genera Apaturinae consists of 20 genera and shows separate distributions and uncommon host–plant associations. Most genera of this subfamily are found throughout South-East Asia and Africa, whereas the genera ''Doxocopa'' and ''Asterocampa'' are spread mainly in South America and North America.Ohshima, I., Tanikawa-Dodo, Y., Saigusa, T., Nishiyama, T., Kitani, M., Hasebe, M., & Mohri, H. (2010). Phylogeny, biogeography, and host–plant association in the subfamily Apaturinae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from eight nuclear and seven mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57(3), 1026-1036. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.018 *''A ...
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Miscellanea Entomologica
''Miscellanea Entomologica'' was a French entomological scientific journal. It was originally published by Eugène Barthe and established in 1892. Beginning The first issue of ''Miscellanea Entomologica'' was published in a larger format (24 x 36 cm), but immediately the following ones were smaller (18 x 24 cm). The first year was published both in French and in German. The first issues consisted mainly of capture notes and announcements for the sale or exchange of insects. History There were 3 different publishers: Eugène Barthe (1892-1940) When Barthe started ''Miscellanea Entomologica'', he was 30. He had a great deal of difficulty finding enough subscribers to pay the costs of production and expedition- but 30 years later the publication was one of the most important in Europe. The main works published were on Coleoptera. The field of study was insects of France, the Rhine Valley with Switzerland, Belgium and the Netherlands. The publication included the ...
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Mimathyma Nycteis
''Mimathyma nycteis'' is a butterfly found in the East Palearctic (Amurland, Korea, Northeast China) that belongs to the browns family. Description from Seitz A. nycteis Men. (51c) has less elongate wings than the preceding species A. fulva'', differing very considerably from the same, resembling certain species of the genus ''Athyma'' on the upperside, especially in the cell of the forewing bearing a white longitudinal streak along the median vein. Underside violet-brown, with the markings of the upperside reappearing, but partly widened and of a white colour which has almost a mother-of-pearl gloss; in the basal area of the hindwing there is anteriorly a long curved white spot, between the middle band and the submarginal row of spots there is a row of bluish white spots in the dark ground-colour. Female similar to male larger, rarely with a row of red-brown spots near the outer margin of the hindwing. An apparently rare form of this species is ab. ''cassiope'' Men. (51c), ...
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Mimathyma Chevana
''Mimathyma chevana'', the sergeant emperor, is an Indomalayan butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The species was first described by Frederic Moore in 1865. There are two subspecies: *''M. c. chevana'' Sikkim, Assam, northern Myanmar *''M. c. leechii'' Moore, 896/small> western and central China ''Mimathyma chevana'' mimics ''Athyma opalina ''Athyma opalina'', the Himalayan sergeant, is a species of large, tailess nymphalid butterfly found in tropical and subtropical evergreen forest regions in Asia (India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan), ussualy at a elevation of 1200 meters to 300 ...''. References chevana Butterflies described in 1865 {{Apaturinae-stub ...
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