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Anthony Galt Greenwald is a
social psychologist Social psychology is the scientific study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people or by social norms. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the re ...
and, since 1986,
professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who pr ...
of
psychology Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts. It is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries betwe ...
at
University of Washington The University of Washington (UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. Founded in 1861, Washington is one of the oldest universities on the West Coast; it was established in Seattle a ...
. In 1959, Greenwald received a
B.A. Bachelor of arts (BA or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four yea ...
from
Yale University Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wo ...
. In 1961, he received a
M.A. A Master of Arts ( la, Magister Artium or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated MA, M.A., AM, or A.M.) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. Tho ...
from
Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...
, and in 1963, he completed his
Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...
, also at Harvard. After that, he completed a
postdoctoral fellowship A postdoctoral fellow, postdoctoral researcher, or simply postdoc, is a person professionally conducting research after the completion of their doctoral studies (typically a PhD). The ultimate goal of a postdoctoral research position is to pu ...
that lasted from 1963 to 1965 at the
Educational Testing Service Educational Testing Service (ETS), founded in 1947, is the world's largest private nonprofit educational testing and assessment organization. It is headquartered in Lawrence Township, New Jersey, but has a Princeton address. ETS develops var ...
. Greenwald started teaching in 1965 as an assistant professor in the psychology department at
Ohio State University The Ohio State University, commonly called Ohio State or OSU, is a public land-grant research university in Columbus, Ohio. A member of the University System of Ohio, it has been ranked by major institutional rankings among the best publ ...
, which continued until 1986. During that time, he was an
associate editor An editor-in-chief (EIC), also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies. The highest-ranking editor of a publication may also be titled editor, managing ...
for the '' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', from 1972 to 1976, before becoming the editor in 1977. From 2001 to 2005, Greenwald was the associate editor of ''
Experimental Psychology Experimental psychology refers to work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the underlying processes. Experimental psychologists employ human participants and animal subjects to study a great many topics, in ...
''.


Awards

Greenwald has been recognized with a variety of significant awards, including the Donald T. Campbell Award from the
Society for Personality and Social Psychology The Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP) is an academic society for personality and social psychologists focused on promoting scientific research that explores how people think, behave and interact. It is the largest organization o ...
in 1994, Research Scientist Award from the
National Institute of Mental Health The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is one of 27 institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NIH, in turn, is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is the prima ...
from 1998 to 2004, and the Thomas M. Ostrom Award from
Person Memory Interest Group A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of propert ...
in 2001. In 2006, Greenwald received the Distinguished Scientist Award from
Society of Experimental Social Psychology The Society of Experimental Social Psychology (SESP) is a scientific organization of social scientists founded in 1965 with the goal of advancing and communicating theories in social psychology. Its first chairperson was Edwin P. Hollander.Hollande ...
and in 2017 the
APA Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions to Psychology The APA Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions to Psychology is an award of the American Psychological Association that "honors psychologists who have made distinguished theoretical or empirical contributions to basic research in psychol ...
from the
American Psychological Association The American Psychological Association (APA) is the largest scientific and professional organization of psychologists in the United States, with over 133,000 members, including scientists, educators, clinicians, consultants, and students. It ha ...
. Greenwald was honored alongside Mahzarin Banaji and Brian Nosek by the American Association for the Advancement of Science with a 2018
Golden Goose Award The Golden Goose Award is a United States award in recognition of scientists whose federally funded basic research has led to innovations or inventions with significant impact on humanity or society. Created by Congressman Jim Cooper of Tennessee i ...
for their work on implicit bias.


Research interests

Greenwald,
Mahzarin Banaji Mahzarin Rustum Banaji FBA (born 1956) is an American psychologist of Indian origin at Harvard University, known for her work popularizing the concept of implicit bias in regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, and other factors. Educati ...
,
Brian Nosek Brian Arthur Nosek is an American social-cognitive psychologist, professor of psychology at the University of Virginia, and the co-founder and director of the Center for Open Science. He also co-founded the Society for the Improvement of Psycholog ...
, and others, have conducted extensive research on
cognition Cognition refers to "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". It encompasses all aspects of intellectual functions and processes such as: perception, attention, thought, ...
and have collaborated to create the
implicit association test The implicit-association test (IAT) is a controversial assessment intended to detect subconscious associations between mental representations of objects (concepts) in memory. Its best-known application is the assessment of implicit stereotypes held ...
(IAT).Fein, S., Kassin, S., and Markus, H. R. (2008). ''Social Psychology with Study Guide''. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. This test measures the extent to which an individual will associate two individual concepts. Between October 1998 and October 2006, more than 4.5 million IAT tests were completed on the IAT website. This test explores "All sorts of implicit attitudes that we cannot self-report in questionnaires because we are not aware of having them". In an article by Greenwald, Banaji, and Nosek entitled, "Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: II. Method Variable and Construction Validity", he mentions that questioning a number of things, including how to maximize the effectiveness of the IAT design, will help the advancement of the test to stretch across various studies and laboratories. Greenwald has studied and advanced the theory of a central route to persuasion; he and his colleagues agree a third step of elaboration is needed. The concept of elaboration allows the argument to be extended and, for the receiver of the conversation to process information that he or she is being given more effectively. This helps individuals to determine the strength of the contents in the article and gives way to the idea that "strong arguments are persuasive, and weak arguments are not". One of Greenwald's observations concerns
autobiographies An autobiography, sometimes informally called an autobio, is a self-written account of one's own life. It is a form of biography. Definition The word "autobiography" was first used deprecatingly by William Taylor in 1797 in the English peri ...
. He mentions that, since autobiographies are links to the past, these memories are vital in shaping one's identity, which can motivate individuals to distort the past so that behaviors and events are well received by others (2008, p. 64). In 1980, Greenwald said, " e past is remembered as if it were a drama in which the self was the leading player" (p. 64).


Book

*Greenwald, A. G. and Banaji, M. R., ''Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People'', 2013, Delacorte Press, http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/349790/description/BOOK_REVIEW_Blindspof_Hidden_Biases_of_Good_People_by_Mahzarin_Banaji_and_Anthony_Greenwald


See also

*
List of social psychologists The following is a list of academicians, both past and present, who are widely renowned for their groundbreaking contributions to the field of social psychology. A * Dominic Abrams * Lauren Alloy * Icek Ajzen * Floyd Allport * Gordon Allport * ...


References


Sources

* Anthony Greenwald, Ph.D. Homepage. (2008, March 28). Selected Articles and Chapters, By Topic. Retrieved April 22, 2008, fro
faculty.washington.edu
{{DEFAULTSORT:Greenwald, Anthony American psychologists Social psychologists University of Washington faculty Harvard University alumni Yale University alumni Ohio State University faculty Fellows of the Society of Experimental Psychologists Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Living people Year of birth missing (living people)