Anne Emmanuel François Georges de Crussol, Marquis of Amboise (30 May 1726 – 26 July 1794) was a French nobleman and

military officer An officer is a person who holds a position of authority as a member of an armed force or uniformed service. Broadly speaking, "officer" means a commissioned officer, a non-commissioned officer, or a warrant officer. However, absent context ...

who was a deputy of the Second Estate at the Estates General of 1789. He was

guillotined A guillotine is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secured with stocks at the ...

on the penultimate day of the

Reign of Terror The Reign of Terror (french: link=no, la Terreur) was a period of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the First Republic, a series of massacres and numerous public executions took place in response to revolutionary fervour, ...

during the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

Military career

On 8 December 1740, Amboise entered the

French Royal Army The French Royal Army (french: Armée Royale Française) was the principal land force of the Kingdom of France. It served the Bourbon Dynasty from the reign of Louis XIV in the mid-17th century to that of Charles X in the 19th, with an interlude ...

as a musketeer and saw extensive service in the

War of the Austrian Succession The War of the Austrian Succession () was a European conflict that took place between 1740 and 1748. Fought primarily in Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italy, the Atlantic and Mediterranean, related conflicts included King George's W ...

, beginning with the 1742 campaign in

Flanders Flanders (, ; Dutch: ''Vlaanderen'' ) is the Flemish-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, ...

. By commission of 1 January 1743, he raised a company in the Royal-Poland cavalry regiment, which he commanded at the recapture of Weissemberg and the lines of the Lautern, at the Haguenau affair on 25 August 1744 and at the siege of

Freiburg im Breisgau Freiburg im Breisgau (; abbreviated as Freiburg i. Br. or Freiburg i. B.; Low Alemannic German, Low Alemannic: ''Friburg im Brisgau''), commonly referred to as Freiburg, is an independent city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. With a population o ...

on 11 October 1744. On 14 December 1744, he obtained the post of second cornet of a company of the light horses of Brittany, and the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry. He was at the

Battle of Fontenoy The Battle of Fontenoy was a major engagement of the War of the Austrian Succession, fought on 11 May 1745 near Tournai in modern Belgium. A French army of 50,000 under Marshal Saxe defeated a Pragmatic Army of roughly the same size, led by th ...

on 11 May 1745, at the sieges of Tournay,

Dendermonde Dendermonde (; french: Termonde, ) is a city in the Flemish province of East Flanders in Belgium. The municipality comprises the city of Dendermonde and the towns of Appels, Baasrode, Grembergen, Mespelare, Oudegem, Schoonaarde, and Sint-Gillis-b ...

Oudenarde Oudenaarde (; french: Audenarde ; in English sometimes ''Oudenarde'') is a Belgian municipality in the Flemish province of East Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Oudenaarde proper and the towns of Bevere, Edelare, Eine, Ename, Heu ...

and Ath in 1745. On 1 December 1745, he joined the company of Gendarmes de Berry, and he participated with this unit at the sieges of

Mons Mons (; German and nl, Bergen, ; Walloon and pcd, Mont) is a city and municipality of Wallonia, and the capital of the province of Hainaut, Belgium. Mons was made into a fortified city by Count Baldwin IV of Hainaut in the 12th century. T ...

Charleroi Charleroi ( , , ; wa, Tchålerwè ) is a city and a municipality of Wallonia, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. By 1 January 2008, the total population of Charleroi was 201,593.

Namur Namur (; ; nl, Namen ; wa, Nameur) is a city and municipality in Wallonia, Belgium. It is both the capital of the province of Namur and of Wallonia, hosting the Parliament of Wallonia, the Government of Wallonia and its administration. Namu ...

and at the

Battle of Rocoux The Battle of Rocoux took place on 11 October 1746 during the War of the Austrian Succession, at Rocourt (or Rocoux), near Liège in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now modern Belgium. It was fought between a French army under Marshal Saxe an ...

on 11 October 1746. On 20 January 1747, Amboise was second lieutenant of the company of gendarmes of Flanders, with the rank of ''

mestre-de-camp Mestre de camp or Maître de camp (; "camp-master") was a military rank in the Ancien Régime of France, equivalent to colonel. A mestre de camp commanded a regiment and was under the authority of a Colonel General, who commanded all the regiment ...

'' of cavalry. He fought at the Battle of Lauffeld on 2 July 1747 and served at the siege of Maastricht in 1748. On 1 February 1749, he was appointed lieutenant captain of the Berry light horse company, which he commanded in the German army in 1757 during the

Seven Years' War The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict that involved most of the European Great Powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. Other concurrent conflicts include the French and Indian War (1754� ...

. On 3 January 1757, Amboise was made a Knight of

Order of Saint Louis The Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis (french: Ordre Royal et Militaire de Saint-Louis) is a dynastic order of chivalry founded 5 April 1693 by King Louis XIV, named after Saint Louis (King Louis IX of France). It was intended as a rewar ...

. He fought at

Sondershausen Sondershausen is a town in Thuringia, central Germany, capital of the Kyffhäuserkreis district, situated about 50 km north of Erfurt. On 1 December 2007, the former municipality Schernberg was incorporated by Sondershausen. Until 1918 it ...

, the capture of Cassel, the conquest of Hesse and the battle of

Lutzelbourg Lutzelbourg () is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. This town is located in the historic region of Lorraine and is part of the country of Sarrebourg. Its inhabitants are called the Lutzelbourgeois. It is ...

in 1758. He was created brigadier on 10 February 1759, and was made colonel-lieutenant of the Queen's Regiment. On 15 October 1760, he commanded the Queen's Regiment at the Battle of Kloster Kampen, and in the Army of Germany in 1761. He was promoted to

Maréchal de camp ''Maréchal de camp'' (sometimes incorrectly translated as field marshal) was a general officer rank used by the French Army until 1848. The rank originated from the older rank of sergeant major general ( French: ''sergent-major général''). Se ...

on 25 July 1762, and Lieutenant General on 1 March 1780.

French Revolution

In March 1789, he was elected deputy by the

nobility Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy (class), aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below Royal family, royalty. Nobility has often been an Estates of the realm, estate of the realm with many e ...

of the ''

sénéchaussée A bailiwick () is usually the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff, and once also applied to territories in which a privately appointed bailiff exercised the sheriff's functions under a royal or imperial writ. The bailiwick is probably modelled on the ...

'' of

Poitiers Poitiers (, , , ; Poitevin: ''Poetàe'') is a city on the River Clain in west-central France. It is a commune and the capital of the Vienne department and the historical centre of Poitou. In 2017 it had a population of 88,291. Its agglomerat ...

to the Estates General of 1789. In the National Constituent Assembly he aligned himself with reformists as the

took hold. He remained a member of the assembly until it was dissolved on 30 September 1791. He was later commissioned by the

French First Republic In the history of France, the First Republic (french: Première République), sometimes referred to in historiography as Revolutionary France, and officially the French Republic (french: République française), was founded on 21 September 1792 ...

to command a division in the French Revolutionary Army during the

War of the First Coalition The War of the First Coalition (french: Guerre de la Première Coalition) was a set of wars that several European powers fought between 1792 and 1797 initially against the Kingdom of France (1791-92), constitutional Kingdom of France and then t ...

. In 1793, he became a suspect to the Jacobins. Amboise was arrested, put on trial and

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

on 26 July 1794, the day before the fall of

Maximilien Robespierre Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman who became one of the best-known, influential and controversial figures of the French Revolution. As a member of the Esta ...

Family

Amboise was the son of Jean Emmanuel, Marquis of Amboise and Anne Marthe Louise Maboul de Fors. On 16 March 1747, he married Claude Angélique Bersin. She was guillotined on 10 May 1794 in Paris with

Élisabeth of France Élisabeth Philippe Marie Hélène of France (3 May 1764 – 10 May 1794) was a French princess. She was the youngest child of Louis, Dauphin of France, and Duchess Maria Josepha of Saxony, and she was a sister of King Louis XVI. Élisab ...

, sister of

Louis XVI Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amboise, Anne Emmanuel de Crussol 1726 births 1794 deaths 18th-century French military personnel French generals French marquesses French military personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession French military personnel of the Seven Years' War French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars Knights of the Order of Saint Louis Members of the National Constituent Assembly (France) House of Crussol