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Siege Of Tournai (1745)
The siege of Tournai was a two-month siege of the city and citadel of Tournai, then part of the Austrian Netherlands, in 1745 during the War of the Austrian Succession. The allied Pragmatic Army's attempt to relieve the siege resulted in the decisive French victory at the Battle of Fontenoy on 11 May. The largely Dutch garrison of the city subsequently surrendered to French forces on 22 May, while the garrison of the citadel surrendered on 19 June 1745. It was one of the longest sieges of the war. Background In early 1745, the French commander Marshal Saxe conceived a plan to attack Tournai, a strategically important city close to the French border which controlled access to the upper Scheldt basin. The city was a vital link in northern Europe's trading network. The city, whose population then amounted to 21,400 inhabitants, was part of the Barrier Forts, established since 1714 by the Dutch Republic as a defensive line against France. With a garrison of approximately 9,000 Du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of The Austrian Succession
The War of the Austrian Succession () was a European conflict that took place between 1740 and 1748. Fought primarily in Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italy, the Atlantic and Mediterranean, related conflicts included King George's War in North America, the War of Jenkins' Ear, the First Carnatic War and the First Silesian War, First and Second Silesian Wars. Its pretext was the right of Maria Theresa to succeed her father Emperor Charles VI as ruler of the Habsburg monarchy. Kingdom of France, France, Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia and Electorate of Bavaria, Bavaria saw it as an opportunity to challenge Habsburg power, while Maria Theresa was backed by Kingdom of Great Britain, Britain, the Dutch Republic and Electorate of Hanover, Hanover, collectively known as the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, Pragmatic Allies. As the conflict widened, it drew in other participants, among them History of Spain (1700–1810), Spain, Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia, Electorate of Saxony, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Marlborough
General (United Kingdom), General John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, 1st Prince of Mindelheim, 1st Count of Nellenburg, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, (26 May 1650 – 16 June 1722 Old Style and New Style dates, O.S.) was an English soldier and statesman whose career spanned the reigns of five monarchs. From a gentry family, he served first as a Page (servant), page at the court of the House of Stuart under James, Duke of York, through the 1670s and early 1680s, earning military and political advancement through his courage and diplomatic skill. Churchill's role in defeating the Monmouth Rebellion in 1685 helped secure James on the throne, but he was a key player in the military conspiracy that led to James being deposed during the Glorious Revolution. Rewarded by William III of England, William III with the title Earl of Marlborough#Earls of Marlborough; Second creation (1689), Earl of Marlborough, persistent charges of Jacobitism led to his fall from office and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Hague
The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam, The Hague has been described as the country's de facto capital. The Hague is also the capital of the province of South Holland, and the city hosts both the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court. With a population of over half a million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands, after Amsterdam and Rotterdam. The Hague is the core municipality of the Greater The Hague urban area, which comprises the city itself and its suburban municipalities, containing over 800,000 people, making it the third-largest urban area in the Netherlands, again after the urban areas of Amsterdam and Rotterdam. The Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 2.6&n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plan De Tournai 1745
A plan is typically any diagram or list of steps with details of timing and resources, used to achieve an objective to do something. It is commonly understood as a temporal set of intended actions through which one expects to achieve a goal. For spatial or planar topologic or topographic sets see map. Plans can be formal or informal: * Structured and formal plans, used by multiple people, are more likely to occur in projects, diplomacy, careers, economic development, military campaigns, combat, sports, games, or in the conduct of other business. In most cases, the absence of a well-laid plan can have adverse effects: for example, a non-robust project plan can cost the organization time and money. * Informal or ad hoc plans are created by individuals in all of their pursuits. The most popular ways to describe plans are by their breadth, time frame, and specificity; however, these planning classifications are not independent of one another. For instance, there is a close ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Flag
White flags have had different meanings throughout history and depending on the locale. Contemporary use The white flag is an internationally recognized protective sign of truce or ceasefire, and for negotiation. It is also used to symbolize surrender, since it is often the weaker party that requests negotiation. It is also flown on ships serving as cartels. A white flag signifies to all that an approaching negotiator is unarmed, with an intent to surrender or a desire to communicate. Persons carrying or waving a white flag are not to be fired upon, nor are they allowed to open fire. The use of the flag to request parley is included in the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907: The improper use of the flag is forbidden by the rules of war and constitutes a war crime of perfidy. There have been numerous reported cases of such behavior in conflicts, such as combatants using white flags as a ruse to approach and attack enemy combatants, or killings of combatants attempting to su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince William, Duke Of Cumberland
Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (15 April 1721 Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">N.S..html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="/nowiki> N.S.">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html"_;"title="/nowiki>Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">N.S./nowiki>_–_31_October_1765)_was_the_third_and_youngest_son_of_George_II_of_Great_Britain.html" ;"title="Old Style and New Style dates">N.S.">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="/nowiki>N.S./nowiki>_–_31_October_1765)_was_the_third_and_youngest_son_of_George_II_of_Great_Britain">King_George_II_of_N.S./nowiki>_–_31_October_1765)_was_the_third_and_youngest_son_of_George_II_of_Great_Britain">King_George_II_of_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain">Great_Britain_and_Kingdom_of_Ireland.html" "title="Kingdom_of_Great_Britain.html" "title="Old Style and New Style dates">N.S./nowiki> – 31 October 1765) was the third and youngest son of George II of Great Britain">King George II of Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain and King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl August, Prince Of Waldeck And Pyrmont
Karl August Friedrich of Waldeck and Pyrmont (24 September 1704 – 29 August 1763) was Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and Commander of the Dutch forces in the War of Austrian Succession. Royal life and military career Karl was the second son of Friedrich Anton Ulrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and Countess Palatine Louise of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld, youngest child of Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld. In 1728 his father and his elder brother Christian Philip died, and so he became Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont. The Waldecks had a tradition of military service in the Dutch Army. Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck had already led the Dutch army in the War of the Grand Alliance. In the War of Austrian Succession, Karl was appointed as commander of the Dutch Army by the States-General of the Netherlands, as counterbalance to William IV, Prince of Orange, who relied completely on his brother-in-law the Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, Duke of Cumberland. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Marie De Boufflers
Joseph Marie de Boufflers, 2nd Duke of Boufflers (22 May 1706 – 2 July 1747) was a French nobleman and senior military officer. Early life Joseph Marie was the third, but only surviving, son of Louis-François de Boufflers and Catherine Charlotte de Gramont, daughter of Antoine Charles de Gramont, 3rd Duke of Gramont. His father was a marshal of France who was made a peer of France as Duke of Boufflers in 1708. Following the death of his elder brother, on 22 March 1711 he assumed the title Comte de Boufflers and on 28 March 1711 he was made colonel of his late brother's infantry regiment, despite being only five years old. On 22 August 1711, Joseph Marie inherited his father's title and estates. He also assumed his father's positions as governor of Flanders and Hainut, Lille, and Beauvais. Military career On 1 December 1720 he was made colonel of the Régiment de Beaufort, which from May 1721 was renamed Régiment de Boufflers. On 1 July, Joseph Marie received the Régimen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis, Dauphin Of France (1729–1765)
Louis, Dauphin of France (Louis Ferdinand; 4 September 1729 – 20 December 1765) was the elder and only surviving son of King Louis XV of France and his wife, Queen Marie Leszczyńska. As a son of the king, Louis was a ''fils de France''. As heir apparent, he became Dauphin of France. However, he died before he could ascend the throne. Three of his sons became kings of France: Louis XVI of France, Louis XVI (reign in 1774–1792), Louis XVIII of France, Louis XVIII (1814–1815, again in 1815–1824) and Charles X of France, Charles X (1824–1830). Early life and education Louis's birth secured the throne and his mother's position at court, which previously had been precarious due to her giving birth to three daughters in a row before the birth of the Dauphin. He had a younger brother, Philippe, Duke of Anjou, Philippe, who died as a toddler. Louis was baptised privately and without a name by Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan, Cardinal Armand de Rohan. On 27 April 1737 when he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Étienne Liotard - Portret Van Graaf Herman Maurits Van Saksen
Jean-Étienne is a French given name. Notable people with the name include: * Jean-Étienne Antoinette (born 1966), French Guianan politician * Jean-Étienne Championnet (1762–1800), French general * Jean-Étienne Despréaux (1748–1820), French dancer and singer * Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol (1772–1840), French psychiatrist * Jean-Étienne Guettard (1715–1786), French naturalist and mineralogist * Jean-Étienne Marie (1917–1989), French composer * Jean-Étienne Montucla (1725–1799), French mathematician * Jean-Étienne Liotard (1702–1789), Swiss-French painter * Jean-Étienne Valluy (1899–1970), French general * Jean-Étienne Waddens (1738–1782), Swiss-Canadian fur trader See also * Jean (male given name) * Étienne (other) Étienne Étienne, a French analog of Stephen or Steven, is a masculine given name. An archaic variant of the name, prevalent up to the mid-17th century, is Estienne. Étienne, Etienne, Ettiene or Ettienne may refer to: Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pound (mass)
The pound or pound-mass is a unit of mass used in British imperial and United States customary systems of measurement. Various definitions have been used; the most common today is the international avoirdupois pound, which is legally defined as exactly , and which is divided into 16 avoirdupois ounces. The international standard symbol for the avoirdupois pound is lb; an alternative symbol is lbm (for most pound definitions), # ( chiefly in the U.S.), and or ″̶ (specifically for the apothecaries' pound). The unit is descended from the Roman (hence the abbreviation "lb"). The English word ''pound'' is cognate with, among others, German , Dutch , and Swedish . These units are historic and are no longer used (replaced by the metric system). Usage of the unqualified term ''pound'' reflects the historical conflation of mass and weight. This accounts for the modern distinguishing terms ''pound-mass'' and '' pound-force''. Etymology The word 'pound' and its cognates ultim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoing
Antoing (; pcd, Antweon) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. The municipality consists of the following districts: Antoing, Bruyelle, Calonne, Fontenoy, Maubray, and Péronnes-lez-Antoing. History The Battle of Fontenoy, a major battle in the War of Austrian Succession, was fought near Fontenoy on 11 May 1745. Places of interest * Antoing Castle, originally from the 12th century, restored by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc in the 19th century Image:Antoing.01.jpg, Antoing Castle, castle of the Princes de Ligne (13th - 16th centuries) File:Antoing, toren van de l'église Saint-Pierre foto5 2013-05-09 11.23.jpg, Churchtower (l'église Saint-Pierre) Famous inhabitants *Raoul Cauvin Raoul Cauvin (26 September 1938 – 19 August 2021) was a Belgian comics author and one of the most popular in the humorist field. Biography Raoul Cauvin was born in Antoing, Belgium in 1938.De Weyer, Geert (2005). "Raoul Cauvin". In België ges ..., co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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