Sir Andrew Dudley,
KG (c. 1507 – 1559) was an English soldier, courtier, and diplomat. A younger brother of
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1504Loades 2008 – 22 August 1553) was an English general, admiral, and politician, who led the government of the young King Edward VI from 1550 until 1553, and unsuccessfully tried to install Lady Ja ...
, he served in
Henry VIII
Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...
's navy and obtained court offices under
Edward VI
Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death in 1553. He was crowned on 20 February 1547 at the age of nine. Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour and the first E ...
. In 1547–1548 he acted as admiral of the fleet and participated in the
War of the Rough Wooing
The Rough Wooing (December 1543 – March 1551), also known as the Eight Years' War, was part of the Anglo-Scottish Wars of the 16th century. Following its break with the Roman Catholic Church, England attacked Scotland, partly to break the ...
in Scotland, where he commanded the English garrison of
Broughty Castle
Broughty Castle is a historic castle on the banks of the River Tay in Broughty Ferry, Dundee, Scotland. It was completed around 1495, although the site was earlier fortified in 1454, when George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus, received permission t ...
. He was appointed captain of the fortress of
Guînes
Guînes (; vls, Giezene, lang; pcd, Guinne) is a commune in the northern French department of Pas-de-Calais. Historically it was spelt ''Guisnes''.
On 7 January 1785, Jean-Pierre Blanchard, a French pioneer in hydrogen-balloon flight, complete ...
in the
Pale of Calais
The Pale of Calais was a territory in Northern France ruled by the monarchs of England for more than two hundred years from 1347 to 1558. The area, which was taken following the Battle of Crécy in 1346 and the subsequent Siege of Calais (1346â ...
in late 1551. There he got involved in a dispute with the
Lord Deputy of Calais
The town of Calais, now part of France, was in English hands from 1347 to 1558, and this page lists the commanders of Calais, holding office from the English Crown, called at different times Captain of Calais, King's Lieutenant of Calais (Castle ...
, which ended only when both men were replaced in October 1552.
In October 1549 Andrew Dudley became one of Edward VI's Chief Gentlemen of the
Privy Chamber
A privy chamber was the private apartment of a royal residence in England.
The Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber were noble-born servants to the Crown who would wait and attend on the King in private, as well as during various court activities, f ...
and later keeper of the
Palace of Westminster
The Palace of Westminster serves as the meeting place for both the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Informally known as the Houses of Parli ...
, in which function he was responsible for the
Royal Wardrobe and
Privy Purse
The Privy Purse is the British Sovereign's private income, mostly from the Duchy of Lancaster. This amounted to £20.1 million in net income for the year to 31 March 2018.
Overview
The Duchy is a landed estate of approximately 46,000 acres (200 ...
. In early 1553 he was sent on a diplomatic mission to the
Emperor Charles V
Charles V, french: Charles Quint, it, Carlo V, nl, Karel V, ca, Carles V, la, Carolus V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain ( Castile and Aragon) ...
to suggest peace talks between France and the
Empire
An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...
. Andrew Dudley was bethrothed to
Margaret Clifford, a first cousin of
Lady Jane Grey
Lady Jane Grey ( 1537 – 12 February 1554), later known as Lady Jane Dudley (after her marriage) and as the "Nine Days' Queen", was an English noblewoman who claimed the throne of England and Ireland from 10 July until 19 July 1553.
Jane was ...
, in June 1553; yet his marriage plans came to naught with the accession of
Mary I
Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, and as "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain from January 1556 until her death in 1558. She ...
, and on 19 August 1553 he was condemned to death for his part in his brother's attempt to establish Lady Jane on the English throne. Released in January 1555, he lived in London until his death in 1559.
Family and early career
Andrew Dudley was one of three sons of
Edmund Dudley
Edmund Dudley (c. 1462Gunn 2010 or 1471/147217 August 1510) was an English administrator and a financial agent of King Henry VII. He served as a leading member of the Council Learned in the Law, Speaker of the House of Commons and Presi ...
, a
councillor
A councillor is an elected representative for a local government council in some countries.
Canada
Due to the control that the provinces have over their municipal governments, terms that councillors serve vary from province to province. Unl ...
of
King Henry VII
Henry VII (28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.
Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufo ...
, and his second wife
Elizabeth Grey, daughter of Edward Grey, 4th Viscount Lisle. When he was a toddler, his father was executed by the young
Henry VIII
Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...
as a scapegoat for the former king's financial policies. His eldest brother was
John Dudley
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1504Loades 2008 – 22 August 1553) was an English general, admiral, and politician, who led the government of the young King Edward VI from 1550 until 1553, and unsuccessfully tried to install Lady Ja ...
, later
Duke of Northumberland
Duke of Northumberland is a noble title that has been created three times in English and British history, twice in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of Great Britain. The current holder of this title is Ralph Percy, 12th Duke ...
, who sought to advance him in the king's service. Andrew Dudley served in the household of
Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, (1473 – 25 August 1554) was a prominent English politician and nobleman of the Tudor era. He was an uncle of two of the wives of King Henry VIII, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, both of whom were beheade ...
, and as an officer of the
exchequer
In the civil service of the United Kingdom, His Majesty’s Exchequer, or just the Exchequer, is the accounting process of central government and the government's ''current account'' (i.e., money held from taxation and other government reven ...
in the 1540s.
Answering a complaint against exchequer activities in October 1540, Norfolk told the
Privy Council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a state, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the mon ...
that the only two people he had ever found jobs for were Andrew Dudley and
Edward Belingeham.
The brother of the
Lord High Admiral, Dudley served in the
royal navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...
and commanded the new royal ship ''Swallow'' in 1545.
[Löwe 2008] In March 1546, he went on his first diplomatic mission to the
Regent of Flanders. In his role as
Equerry of the Stable, he delivered
Henry VIII's gift of
hackney horses, greyhounds and running dogs.
In Scotland, 1547–1548
In early 1547
Protector Somerset
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (150022 January 1552) (also 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Viscount Beauchamp), also known as Edward Semel, was the eldest surviving brother of Queen Jane Seymour (d. 1537), the third wife of King Henry V ...
, the English
regent
A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...
, was contemplating to take up the
War of the Rough Wooing
The Rough Wooing (December 1543 – March 1551), also known as the Eight Years' War, was part of the Anglo-Scottish Wars of the 16th century. Following its break with the Roman Catholic Church, England attacked Scotland, partly to break the ...
once more to press home the agreed marriage of
Edward VI
Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death in 1553. He was crowned on 20 February 1547 at the age of nine. Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour and the first E ...
and
Mary Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567.
The only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scot ...
. On 27 February Andrew Dudley was appointed admiral of the fleet.
He was to oversee the "annoyance of the Scots" in the
North Sea
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian S ...
and to interrupt the shipping of munition from France to Scotland. On 7 March he captured one of the
Scottish principal ships, the
''Great Lion'' off
Dover
Dover () is a town and major ferry port in Kent, South East England. It faces France across the Strait of Dover, the narrowest part of the English Channel at from Cap Gris Nez in France. It lies south-east of Canterbury and east of Maidstone ...
, giving her a broadside from the ''Pauncey'' (correctly the ''Pensée'', sometimes called the ''Pansy'').
Odet de Selve
Odet de Selve (c. 1504-1563) was a French diplomat.
He was the son of Jean de Selve, first president at the parliaments of Rouen and Bordeaux, vice-chancellor of Milan, and ambassador of the king of France. In 1540 Odet was appointed councillor ...
, the French ambassador in London, gained a detailed account from Nicolas d'Arfeville, a French painter and cartographer. Dudley was 30 miles from Yarmouth when he saw the ''Great Lion'', with the ''Lyonesse'', the ''Mary Gallante'' and another unnamed Scottish ship. The ''Great Lion'' was overwhelmed by superior firepower, and the others surrendered, excepting the unnamed ship. The ''Lion'' was lost while being towed to Yarmouth when she grounded on a sandbank. Those on board were brought as prisoners to the
Tower of London
The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is separa ...
, and at least one notable passenger was killed in the firefight. The Privy Council sent Dudley a letter of commendation on 10 March 1547 for "his hardy enterprise against the Scots" with more detailed instructions. Dudley was told to lay up the ''Pauncey'' and other ships for repair; he was to release his Scottish prisoners, except notables, "gentlemen of estimation", and 40 sailors judged to be the best seamen and pilots. Those released would pay their ransom at
£4 for a master or officer, and 40 shillings a sailor or mariner.
Dudley then sailed North to treat with the
Fife
Fife (, ; gd, Fìobha, ; sco, Fife) is a council area, historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland. It is situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland boundaries with Perth and Kinross (i ...
lairds who had killed
Cardinal Beaton
David Beaton (also Beton or Bethune; 29 May 1546) was Archbishop of St Andrews and the last Scottish cardinal prior to the Reformation.
Career
Cardinal Beaton was the sixth and youngest son of eleven children of John Beaton (Bethune) of Bal ...
. They were
holding St Andrews Castle against the
Regent Arran
A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state ''pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy, ...
with his eldest son
James Hamilton as hostage.
The lairds, who became known as the "Castilians", signed a contract with Dudley, according to which they were to receive English aid to hold the castle against the Scottish government:
for the better ... surity of themselves and His Majesty's friends in Scotland and the advancement and perfection of the said marriage s well as
S, or s, is the nineteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''ess'' (pronounced ), plural ''esses''.
History ...
a perpetual peace, unity and ... natural love between both the realms.
The Castilians promised to surrender St. Andrews Castle and Arran's son to the English when they should appear. Dudley also struck a bargain with
Lord Gray
Lord Gray is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. The Barony of Gray was created circa July 1445 for the Scottish diplomat and politician Sir Andrew Gray. The first Lord Gray was a hostage in England for the good conduct of James I of Scotland ...
, a disaffected Scottish noble who owned
Broughty Castle
Broughty Castle is a historic castle on the banks of the River Tay in Broughty Ferry, Dundee, Scotland. It was completed around 1495, although the site was earlier fortified in 1454, when George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus, received permission t ...
, a fortress near Dundee. The chronicler and eye-witness
William Patten noted its strategic importance: "it standeth in such sort at the mouth of the river Tay, that being gotten, both Dundee and
erth Erth may refer to:
*Earth, planet
* Erth, visual theatre company resident at the Carriageworks art complex in Sydney, Australia
*Saint Erc, early Irish saint in Cornwall
*Urith
Urith (also known in Welsh as Iwerydd) was a Christian woman from t ...
and many other towns else shall become subject to this hold or be compelled to forgo their use of the river."
Lord Gray's contribution would be the surrender of his castle and help in taking
Perth
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is ...
.
[Merriman 2000 p. 226]
St. Andrews Castle fell in July 1547, which greatly strengthened French influence in Scotland and triggered an English invasion.
[Beer 1973 p. 62] Andrew Dudley assisted the campaign at sea, under the command of
Lord Clinton.
Shortly after the
Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
The Battle of Pinkie, also known as the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh ( , ), took place on 10 September 1547 on the banks of the River Esk near Musselburgh, Scotland. The last pitched battle between Scotland and England before the Union of the Cro ...
Dudley was knighted by Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset.
[Patten 1903 p. 141] On 20 September 1547 he was appointed captain of the English garrison at Broughty Castle. Lord Gray had surrendered it after three token cannon shots from the English ships. Dudley complained to Somerset in October 1547 that "never had a man had so weak a company of soldiers given to drinking, eating and slothfulness," though, "the house stands well."
However, it had "scant window to shut, nor door, nor bolt, ... nor nail".
[Merriman 2000 p. 250] Re-fortification was supervised by a resident Italian engineer, Master John Rossetti,
[Bain 1898 p. 24] and included building a new platform for cannon on the roof and strengthening of the
curtain wall.
Andrew Dudley secured a bond of alliance from the town of
Dundee
Dundee (; sco, Dundee; gd, Dùn Dè or ) is Scotland's fourth-largest city and the 51st-most-populous built-up area in the United Kingdom. The mid-year population estimate for 2016 was , giving Dundee a population density of 2,478/km2 or ...
by firing on the town from his two ships, the ''Bark Ager'' and the ''Mary Hambroughe'', at the end of October 1547. In an effort to promote the
Protestant Reformation
The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...
, he hoped to distribute
Tyndale and Frithe's Bible in Dundee. Lord Gray and the
Master of Ruthven
Master or masters may refer to:
Ranks or titles
* Ascended master, a term used in the Theosophical religious tradition to refer to spiritually enlightened beings who in past incarnations were ordinary humans
* Grandmaster (chess), National Maste ...
continued to bargain for the surrender of Perth in December 1547, but the English never secured the town. Dudley was assisted by a subordinate,
Thomas Wyndham who sailed several times up the Tay towards Perth looking for supplies.
With the help of Andrew Dudley and Lord Gray, Wyndham placed a garrison of 20 "tall men" in the
Steeple
In architecture, a steeple is a tall tower on a building, topped by a spire and often incorporating a belfry and other components. Steeples are very common on Christian churches and cathedrals and the use of the term generally connotes a religi ...
of Dundee. On 22 January 1548, Dudley sent Wyndham across the Forth to
Fife
Fife (, ; gd, Fìobha, ; sco, Fife) is a council area, historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland. It is situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland boundaries with Perth and Kinross (i ...
to burn houses. Dudley's plan was to draw his besiegers to attack him and he kept behind his main force. The Scots and French took the opportunity offered to attack Broughty and were repulsed back to Dundee after a "hot skirmish".
The trick did not work a second time on 25 January, and Wyndham's landing party in Fife encountered an ambush of 600 men; 10 soldiers were killed and 20 sailors injured.
[Bain 1898 pp. 64] Dudley built a second fort to command Dundee in March 1548 with the engineer Master John Rossetti and
Sir Thomas Palmer. He was relieved at Broughty by Thomas Wyndham's nephew,
Sir John Luttrell. On 3 April 1548, Dudley and Luttrell were instructed by the Privy Council to try to agree a yearly pension for Lord Gray at a figure between 600 and 1000 crowns.
Military and court appointments
Dudley's next military appointment after his service in Scotland was under
Lord Russell against the
Western Rebellion
The Prayer Book Rebellion or Western Rising was a popular revolt in Cornwall and Devon in 1549. In that year, the ''Book of Common Prayer (1549), Book of Common Prayer'', presenting the theology of the English Reformation, was introduced. The ...
in August 1549. In early 1551 Dudley became captain of the English garrison at
Guînes
Guînes (; vls, Giezene, lang; pcd, Guinne) is a commune in the northern French department of Pas-de-Calais. Historically it was spelt ''Guisnes''.
On 7 January 1785, Jean-Pierre Blanchard, a French pioneer in hydrogen-balloon flight, complete ...
.
However, he incurred large debts "by his service", and became involved in a dispute with
Lord Willoughby
Baron Willoughby of Parham was a title in the Peerage of England with two creations. The first creation was for Sir William Willoughby who was raised to the peerage under letters patent in 1547, with the remainder to his heirs male of body. A ...
, the
Lord Deputy of Calais
The town of Calais, now part of France, was in English hands from 1347 to 1558, and this page lists the commanders of Calais, holding office from the English Crown, called at different times Captain of Calais, King's Lieutenant of Calais (Castle ...
. In January 1552 they were recalled to England and summoned before the
Privy Council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a state, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the mon ...
. Finally, to resolve the feud, both men were relieved of their posts in October. During 1552 Dudley also surveyed the coastal defenses of
Portsmouth
Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council.
Portsmouth is the most dens ...
and the
Isle of Wight
The Isle of Wight ( ) is a county in the English Channel, off the coast of Hampshire, from which it is separated by the Solent. It is the largest and second-most populous island of England. Referred to as 'The Island' by residents, the Isle of ...
to advise on their improvement.
Under
Edward VI
Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death in 1553. He was crowned on 20 February 1547 at the age of nine. Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour and the first E ...
, Dudley also obtained court appointments and responsibilities; a member of the
Privy Chamber
A privy chamber was the private apartment of a royal residence in England.
The Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber were noble-born servants to the Crown who would wait and attend on the King in private, as well as during various court activities, f ...
,
on 24 March 1547 he was given custody of a purse of
£1435-9s-6d. Dudley's brother John ousted the Protector in October 1549, and Andrew became one of the newly created Chief Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. These four "principal gentlemen" had "the singular care" of the King's person and were each rewarded with £100
p.a. A year later Dudley also became keeper of the
Palace of Westminster
The Palace of Westminster serves as the meeting place for both the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Informally known as the Houses of Parli ...
, where he made an
inventory of wardrobe and household goods. Effectively in charge of the
Privy Purse
The Privy Purse is the British Sovereign's private income, mostly from the Duchy of Lancaster. This amounted to £20.1 million in net income for the year to 31 March 2018.
Overview
The Duchy is a landed estate of approximately 46,000 acres (200 ...
, he was responsible for receiving and paying out royal cash and looking after "all the jewels ... and other things in the palace".
Mission to the Emperor, 1553
In 1552 Dudley was made a
Knight of the Garter
The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III of England in 1348. It is the most senior order of knighthood in the British honours system, outranked in precedence only by the Victoria Cross and the George ...
;
at the end of the year he was sent on a diplomatic mission to discuss Edward VI's hopes to mediate for peace between the
Empire
An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...
and France. He first travelled to
Brussels
Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...
, where he was received by
Mary of Hungary
Mary, also known as Maria of Anjou (, , ; 137117 May 1395), reigned as Queen of Hungary and Croatia (officially 'king') between 1382 and 1385, and from 1386 until her death. She was the daughter of Louis the Great, King of Hungary and Poland ...
on 8 January 1553. Impatient to see the Emperor himself, he tried to intercept him on his way to
Flanders
Flanders (, ; Dutch: ''Vlaanderen'' ) is the Flemish-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, ...
.
Sir Richard Morrison
Sir Richard Morrison (1767 – 31 October 1849 / 1844Philip Smith (writer), ''An Introduction to the Architectural Heritage of County Wicklow'' (Dublin: Wordwell Press / Government of Ireland, Department of the Environment, Heritage, and Local Gov ...
, the English resident ambassador with
Charles V Charles V may refer to:
* Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500–1558)
* Charles V of Naples (1661–1700), better known as Charles II of Spain
* Charles V of France (1338–1380), called the Wise
* Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (1643–1690)
* Infan ...
, knew nothing of this until he met Dudley at
Treves
Trier ( , ; lb, Tréier ), formerly known in English as Trèves ( ;) and Triers (see also names in other languages), is a city on the banks of the Moselle in Germany. It lies in a valley between low vine-covered hills of red sandstone in the w ...
.
[Loades 1996 p. 242] The ailing ruler was averse to be molested by diplomats while journeying, nevertheless Morrison arranged an interview at
Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...
in which Charles referred them to a later occasion. On 11 February 1553 the Emperor gave the Englishmen an audience at Brussels. When Dudley offered to kiss his hand, he embraced him. The visitors noted that the chamber was hung with tapestries depicting the Emperor's victories at
Tunis
''Tounsi'' french: Tunisois
, population_note =
, population_urban =
, population_metro = 2658816
, population_density_km2 =
, timezone1 = CET
, utc_offset1 ...
. Charles V was non-committal, declaring that he was well-disposed to peace if he only could trust the French king.
On returning to England Dudley had an audience with Edward on 19 February.
Jehan Scheyfve, the Emperor's agent, reported that Dudley was discreet, and only mentioned that Charles had given him a present. The French ambassador in London was not pleased. Dudley was elected
MP for
Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the north west of South East England. It is a mainly rural county, with its largest settlement being the city of Oxford. The county is a centre of research and development, primarily ...
in the March
parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...
of 1553, carrying Edward's train at the proceedings.
Marriage plans and disgrace
In April 1553, Dudley was commanded by the King to release cloth of silver and gold and velvet for the marriage of his nephew
Lord Guildford to
Lady Jane Grey
Lady Jane Grey ( 1537 – 12 February 1554), later known as Lady Jane Dudley (after her marriage) and as the "Nine Days' Queen", was an English noblewoman who claimed the throne of England and Ireland from 10 July until 19 July 1553.
Jane was ...
, which was celebrated on 25 May. In June, Jehan de Scheyfve reported that Dudley himself would marry
Margaret Clifford, a granddaughter of
Mary Tudor, Queen of France
Mary Tudor (; 18 March 1496 – 25 June 1533) was an English princess who was briefly Queen of France as the third wife of King Louis XII. Louis was more than 30 years her senior. Mary was the fifth child of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of ...
, and cousin of Lady Jane, and that he would be made Lieutenant-Governor of the North. Dudley had even reserved a number of items from the wardrobe at Westminster for the marriage, including jewels, silver and gilt cups, a hair-brush, velvet dog-collars, and a pair of pictures of
Diana and Actaeon
The myth of Diana and Actaeon can be found in Ovid’s ''Metamorphoses''. The tale recounts the unfortunate fate of a young hunter named Actaeon, who was a grandson of Cadmus, and his encounter with chaste Artemis, known to the Romans as Diana ...
. However, Edward VI died on 6 July 1553, having named Lady Jane Grey as his heir.
Andrew Dudley assembled a force of 500 men at
Ware, Hertfordshire
Ware is a town in Hertfordshire, England close to the county town of Hertford. It is also a civil parishes in England, civil parish in East Hertfordshire district.
Location
The town lies on the north–south A10 road (Great Britain), A10 road ...
to assist in his brother's campaign against
Mary Tudor.
Presumably arrested with him in
East Anglia
East Anglia is an area in the East of England, often defined as including the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire. The name derives from the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the East Angles, a people whose name originated in Anglia, in ...
, he was imprisoned in the Tower on 25 July. Accused with his family of rebellion and
high treason
Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplo ...
, Dudley stood trial at
Westminster Hall
The Palace of Westminster serves as the meeting place for both the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Informally known as the Houses of Parli ...
on 19 August 1553. He pleaded guilty and only asked that his jewels that were in the keeping of a
wardrobe
A wardrobe or armoire or almirah is a standing closet used for storing clothes. The earliest wardrobe was a chest, and it was not until some degree of luxury was attained in regal palaces and the castles of powerful nobles that separate accomm ...
colleague should not be lost. On 21 August 1553, the day before John Dudley's execution, he appeared with him and other condemned persons at the Tower Chapel
St. Peter ad Vincula to hear
mass
Mass is an intrinsic property of a body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the quantity of matter in a physical body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physics. It was found that different atoms and different elementar ...
. Andrew's life was spared, and he was released in January 1555.
In April 1555, after his formal pardon,
Philip
Philip, also Phillip, is a male given name, derived from the Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominent Philips who popularize ...
and Mary granted Dudley a pension of £100 p.a.
[Loades 1996 p. 273] He was allowed to retain some of his earlier possessions, which had been valued at £555 at the time of his arrest in 1553.
[Loades 1996 p. 223] He moved to Tothill Street, London
and, "sick of body", made his will in July 1556.
[Collins 1746 p. 30] In it he tried to reclaim jewels and other stuffs the
Earl of Cumberland
The title of Earl of Cumberland was created in the Peerage of England in 1525 for the 11th Baron de Clifford.''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press'', 2004. It became extinct in 1643. The dukedom of Cumberland was cr ...
had received in advance of Dudley's intended marriage with Margaret Clifford. Among the intended beneficiaries were his nephews
Ambrose
Ambrose of Milan ( la, Aurelius Ambrosius; ), venerated as Saint Ambrose, ; lmo, Sant Ambroeus . was a theologian and statesman who served as Bishop of Milan from 374 to 397. He expressed himself prominently as a public figure, fiercely promo ...
,
Robert Dudley, and
Henry Sidney
Sir Henry Sidney (20 July 1529 – 5 May 1586), Lord Deputy of Ireland, was the eldest son of Sir William Sidney of Penshurst, a prominent politician and courtier during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI, from both of whom he receive ...
, his nephew-by-marriage.
He died three years later, sometime before his will was proved on 22 November 1559.
Notes
References
*Adams, Simon (2002): ''Leicester and the Court: Essays in Elizabethan Politics'', Manchester University Press,
*Bain, Joseph (ed.) (1898)
''Calendar of the State Papers relating to Scotland and Mary Queen of Scots 1547–1603: Vol. I A.D. 1547–1563''H.M. General Register House Edinburgh
*Beer, B.L. (1973): ''Northumberland: The Political Career of John Dudley, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland'' The Kent State University Press
*Cameron, Annie (ed.) (1927): ''The Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine'' Scottish History Society
*Collins, Arthur (ed.) (1746)
''Letters and Memorials of State''Vol. I T. Osborne
*Dasent, J.R. (ed.) (1890): ''Acts of the Privy Council'' Vol. II HMSO
*
Historical Manuscripts Commission
The Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (widely known as the Historical Manuscripts Commission, and abbreviated as the HMC to distinguish it from the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England), was a United Kingdom Royal Com ...
(ed.) (1883)
''Calendar of the Manuscripts of ... The Marquess of Salisbury ... Preserved at Hatfield House, Hertfordshire''Vol. I HMSO
*
Ives, Eric (2009): ''Lady Jane Grey: A Tudor Mystery'' Wiley-Blackwell
*
Jordan, W. K. (1970): ''Edward VI: The Threshold of Power. The Dominance of the Duke of Northumberland'' George Allen & Unwin
*(French) Lefèvre-Pontalis, Germain (ed.) (1888)
''Correspondance Politique de Odet de Selve, Ambassadeur de France en Angleterre (1546-1549)''Fèlix Alcan
*
Loades, David (1996): ''John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland 1504–1553'' Clarendon Press
*Löwe, J. A.
"Sutton, Henry (d. 1564?)"''
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
The ''Dictionary of National Biography'' (''DNB'') is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published since 1885. The updated ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (''ODNB'') was published on 23 September ...
'' online edn. Jan. 2008 (subscription required) Retrieved 2010-06-11
*Merriman, Marcus (2000): ''The Rough Wooings: Mary Queen of Scots, 1542–1551'' Tuckwell Press
*
Patten, William (1903): "The Expedition into Scotland (1548)" in
A.F. Pollard and Thomas Seccombe (eds.)
''Tudor Tracts, 1533–1588''pp. 53–157 E.P. Dutton
*
Starkey, David (ed.) (1998): ''Inventory of Henry VIII'' Vol. I Harvey Miller
*
Strype, John (1822)
''Ecclesiastical Memorials''Vol. II Part 2 Clarendon Press
*Turnbull, W.B. (ed.) (1861)
''Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Edward VI, 1547–1553''Longman, Green
*Tyler, Royall (ed.) (1916): ''Calendar of ... State Papers, relating to ... Spain'' Vol. XI HMSO
External links
*
Description of Dudley's first command, the ''Swallow'', from the
Anthony Roll
The Anthony Roll is a written record of ships of the English Tudor navy of the 1540s, named after its creator, Anthony Anthony. It originally consisted of three rolls of vellum, depicting 58 naval vessels along with information on their size, ...
on wikisource.
*
Description of Dudley's command, the ''Pauncey'', from the
Anthony Roll
The Anthony Roll is a written record of ships of the English Tudor navy of the 1540s, named after its creator, Anthony Anthony. It originally consisted of three rolls of vellum, depicting 58 naval vessels along with information on their size, ...
on wikisource.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dudley, Andrew
English courtiers
English knights
Andrew
Andrew is the English form of a given name common in many countries. In the 1990s, it was among the top ten most popular names given to boys in List of countries where English is an official language, English-speaking countries. "Andrew" is freq ...
1500s births
1559 deaths
16th-century English diplomats
16th-century English soldiers
English people of the Rough Wooing
Prisoners in the Tower of London
English MPs 1553 (Edward VI)
Knights of the Garter