''Ancylus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of very small, freshwater, air-breathing

limpets Limpets are a group of aquatic snails that exhibit a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. Limpets are members of the class Gastropoda, but are polyphyletic, meaning the various groups called "limpets" descended indep ...

. They are aquatic

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the tribe Ancylini within the family

Planorbidae Planorbidae, common name the ramshorn snails or ram's horn snails, is a family of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs. Unlike most molluscs, the blood of ram's horn snails contains iron-based hemoglobin ins ...

, the ram's horn snails and their allies.Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2014). Ancylus O. F. Müller, 1773. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=559196 on 2014-11-15 The genus is known throughout the

Cenozoic The Cenozoic ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterised by the dominance of mammals, birds and flowering plants, a cooling and drying climate, and the current configura ...

Species

Species in the genus ''Ancylus'' include: * '' Ancylus aduncus'' A. A. Gould, 1847"Species in genus ''Ancylus'' (n=6)"
AnimalBase, accessed 7 July 2012. * † '' Ancylus alutae'' Jekelius, 1932 * '' Ancylus ashangiensis'' Brown, 1965 * '' Ancylus benoitianus'' Bourguignat, 1862 * † '' Ancylus bourgeoisi'' Deshayes, 1863 * † ''

Ancylus boyeri ''Ancylus'' is a genus of very small, freshwater, air-breathing limpets. They are aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the tribe Ancylini within the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (201 ...

'' Noulet, 1867 * † '' Ancylus braunii'' Dunker, 1853 * '' Ancylus capuloides'' Jan in Porro, 1838 * † '' Ancylus cestasensis'' Peyrot, 1932 * † '' Ancylus depressus'' Deshayes, 1824 * † '' Ancylus dumasi'' Fontannes, 1884 * † '' Ancylus elegans'' J. de C. Sowerby, 1826 * '' Ancylus expansilabris'' Clessin, 1881 * ''

Ancylus fluviatilis The river limpet (''Ancylus fluviatilis'') is a species of very small, freshwater, air-breathing limpet, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the tribe Ancylini within the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies. Des ...

'' Müller, 1774 - the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

* † '' Ancylus hungaricus'' Brusina, 1902 * '' Ancylus lapicidus'' Hubendick, 1960 * † '' Ancylus lyelli'' Maillard, 1892 * † '' Ancylus moravicus'' Rzehak, 1893 * † '' Ancylus ninghaiensis'' Youluo, 1978 * † ''

Ancylus parmophorus ''Ancylus'' is a genus of very small, freshwater, air-breathing limpets. They are aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the tribe Ancylini within the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (201 ...

'' de Stefani, 1880 * '' Ancylus pileolus'' * '' Ancylus recurvus'' Martens, 1873 * '' Ancylus regularis'' Brown, 1973Van Damme D. (2010)
''Ancylus regularis''
In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. . Downloaded on 7 July 2012. * '' Ancylus rupicola'' Boubée, 1832 * † '' Ancylus saucatsensis'' Peyrot, 1932 (?) * '' Ancylus scalariformis'' Stankovic & Radoman, 1953 * † '' Ancylus serbicus'' Brusina, 1893 * '' Ancylus striatus'' Quoy &

Gaimard Joseph Paul Gaimard (31 January 1793 – 10 December 1858) was a French naval surgeon and naturalist. Biography Gaimard was born at Saint-Zacharie on January 31, 1793. He studied medicine at the naval medical school in Toulon, subsequent ...

, 1834 * '' Ancylus subcircularis'' Clessin, 1880 * † '' Ancylus subcostatus'' Benoist, 1873 * '' Ancylus tapirulus'' Polinski, 1929 ;Synonyms: * † ''Ancylus croaticus'' Brusina, 1902: synonym of † '' Acroloxus croaticus'' (Brusina, 1902) * † ''Ancylus decussatus'' Reuss in Reuss & Meyer, 1849: synonym of †'' Acroloxus decussatus'' (Reuss in Reuss & Meyer, 1849) * † ''Ancylus deperditolacustris'' Gottschick, 1911: synonym of † '' Acroloxus deperditolacustris'' (Gottschick, 1911) * † ''Ancylus deperditus'' (Desmarest, 1814): synonym of † '' Ferrissia deperdita'' (Desmarest, 1814) * ''Ancylus drouetianus'' Bourguignat, 1862: synonym of '' Williamia gussoni'' (Costa O. G., 1829) * ''Ancylus fuscus'' C. B. Adams, 1840: synonym of ''

Laevapex fuscus ''Laevapex fuscus'', the dusky ancylid, is a species of small, freshwater, air-breathing limpet, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies. Geographic distribution ...

'' (C. B. Adams, 1840) * ''Ancylus gibbosus'' Bourguignat, 1862: synonym of '' Williamia gussoni'' (Costa O. G., 1829) * ''Ancylus gussonii'' O. G. Costa, 1829: synonym of '' Williamia gussonii'' (O. G. Costa, 1829) * † ''Ancylus illyricus'' Neumayr, 1880: synonym of †''

Ferrissia illyrica ''Ferrissia'' is a genus of small, air-breathing freshwater limpets, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies. Species Species within the genus ''Ferrissia'' include: * '' Ferrissia baconi'' ( ...

'' (Neumayr, 1880) * † ''Ancylus involutus'' Pavlović, 1903: synonym of † '' Acroloxus involutus'' (Pavlović, 1903) * † ''Ancylus michaudi'' Locard, 1878: synonym of † '' Acroloxus michaudi'' (Locard, 1878) * † ''Ancylus neumayri'' Fontannes, 1881: synonym of †'' Ferrissia neumayri'' (Fontannes, 1881) * ''Ancylus patelloides'' I. Lea, 1856: synonym of '' Lanx patelloides'' (I. Lea, 1856) * † ''Ancylus pontileviensis'' Morgan, 1920: synonym of † '' Ferrissia pontileviensis'' (Morgan, 1920) * † ''Ancylus wittmanni'' Schlickum, 1964: synonym of † '' Ferrissia wittmanni'' (Schlickum, 1964)

Cladogram

A cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial

16S ribosomal RNA 16 S ribosomal RNA (or 16 S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and provides most of the SSU structure. The genes coding for it are referred to as 16S rRNA ...

and cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations of ''Ancylus'' by Albrecht et al. (2006):Albrecht C., Trajanovski S., Kuhn K., Streit B. & Wilke T. (2006). "Rapid evolution of an ancient lake species flock: Freshwater limpets (Gastropoda: Ancylidae) in the Balkan Lake Ohrid". ''

Organisms Diversity & Evolution In biology, an organism () is any living system that functions as an individual entity. All organisms are composed of cells (cell theory). Organisms are classified by taxonomy into groups such as multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; ...

'' 6(4): 294-307. .

Species

Cladogram

References

Further reading