Amperozide is an

atypical antipsychotic The atypical antipsychotics (AAP), also known as second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and serotonin–dopamine antagonists (SDAs), are a group of antipsychotic drugs (antipsychotic drugs in general are also known as major tranquilizers and ne ...

of the diphenylbutylpiperazine class which acts as an

antagonist An antagonist is a character in a story who is presented as the chief foe of the protagonist. Etymology The English word antagonist comes from the Greek ἀνταγωνιστής – ''antagonistēs'', "opponent, competitor, villain, enemy, riv ...

at the 5-HT_2A

receptor Receptor may refer to: * Sensory receptor, in physiology, any structure which, on receiving environmental stimuli, produces an informative nerve impulse *Receptor (biochemistry), in biochemistry, a protein molecule that receives and responds to a ...

. It does not block

dopamine receptor Dopamine receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are prominent in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). Dopamine receptors activate different effectors through not only G-protein coupling, but also signaling through diffe ...

s as with most antipsychotic drugs, but does inhibit dopamine release, and alters the firing pattern of dopaminergic neurons. It was investigated for the treatment of

schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis. Major symptoms include hallucinations (typically hearing voices), delusions, and disorganized thinking. Other symptoms include social withdra ...

in humans, but never adopted clinically. Its main use is instead in

veterinary medicine Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, management, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in animals. Along with this, it deals with animal rearing, husbandry, breeding, research on nutri ...

, primarily in intensively farmed pigs, for decreasing aggression and stress and thereby increasing feeding and productivity.

Synthesis

According to

Arvid Carlsson Arvid Carlsson (25 January 1923 – 29 June 2018) was a Swedish neuropharmacologist who is best known for his work with the neurotransmitter dopamine and its effects in Parkinson's disease. For his work on dopamine, Carlsson was awarded the No ...

, behavioural Stimulation in rat: Amperozide synthesis

The reaction of ethylisocyanate 09-90-0(1) with N-benzylpiperazine (2) leads to the corresponding urea
CID:47103368
(3).

Catalytic hydrogenation Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic co ...

cleaves the benzyl protecting group giving N-ethylpiperazine-1-carboxamide 5529-72-5(4). Alkylation of the unmasked nitrogen with 1,1'-(4-Chlorobutylidene)Bis(4-Fluorobenzene) 312-04-7(5) completed the synthesis of amperozide (6).

References

5-HT2A antagonists Piperazines Ureas {{nervous-system-drug-stub

Synthesis

See also

References