Amdanga is a

community development block In India, a Community development block (CD block) or simply Block is a sub-division of Tehsil, administratively earmarked for planning and development. The area is administered by a Block Development Officer (BDO), supported by several technic ...

that forms an administrative division in

North 24 Parganas district North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N)) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas is a district in southern West Bengal, of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the tropical zone from latitude 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and f ...

in the

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

West Bengal West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fourt ...

Geography

Amdanga, the eponymous CD Block headquarters, is located at . Amdanga CD Block is bounded by

Haringhata Haringhata is a town and a municipality of the Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Location Haringhata is located at . It has an average elevation of 10 metres (33 feet). Municipality Haringhata, earlier ...

CD Block in Nadia district in the north,

Habra II Habra II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Barasat Sadar subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Guma, a census town in Habra II block, is located at . H ...

CD Block in the east,

Barasat I Barasat I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Barasat Sadar subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Barasat I block, is located at . Barasat I CD Block is ...

CD Block in the south, and

Barrackpore I Barrackpore I (also spelled Barrackpur I) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Barrackpore subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Jetia, a census town in Ba ...

and

Barrackpore II Barrackpore II (also spelled Barrackpur II) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Barrackpore subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Muragachha, a census town ...

CD Blocks in the west. Amdanga CD Block is part of the North Hooghly Flat, one of the three physiographic regions in the district located in the lower Ganges Delta. It is a raised

alluvium Alluvium (from Latin ''alluvius'', from ''alluere'' 'to wash against') is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings. Alluv ...

area along the Hooghly, which forms the western boundary of the district. Amdanga CD Block has an area of 139.27 km². It has 1 panchayat samity, 8

gram panchayat Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bod ...

s, 117 gram sansads (village councils), 81

mouza In Bangladesh, Pakistan and parts of India a mouza or mauza (also mouja) is a type of administrative district, corresponding to a specific land area within which there may be one or more settlements. Before the 20th century, the term referred to a ...

s and 80 inhabited villages, as per the District Statistical Handbook: North 24 Parganas.

Amdanga Amdanga is a community development block that forms an administrative division in North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Amdanga, the eponymous CD Block headquarters, is located at . Amdanga CD Block is bounde ...

police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD Block is at Amdanga.

Gram panchayats Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bod ...

in Amdanga CD Block are: Adhata, Bodai, Maricha, Amdanga, Chandigarh, Sadhanpur, Beraberia and Taraberia.

Demographics

Population

As per

2011 Census of India The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information ...

Amdanga CD Block had a total population of 191,673, of which 185,054 were rural and 6,659 were urban. There were 98,618 (51%) males and 93,055 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 19,756.

Scheduled Castes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

numbered 34,810 (18.16%) and

Scheduled Tribes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

numbered 2,876 (1.50%). Amdanga (village) had a population of 3,855 in 2011. In the 2001 census, Amdanga

had a total population of 165, 771, out of which 85, 826 were males and 79,943 were females. There is only one

census town In India and some other countries, a census town is designated as a town that satisfies certain characteristics. India In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population ...

in Amdanga CD Block (2011 census figure in brackets):

Dhania Coriander (;

(6,659). Large villages in Amdanga CD Block were (2011 census figures in brackets): Adhata (4,883), Sikra (4,194), Dariapur (5,748), Dangatanga Tangi (5,657), Bodai (6,971), Arkhali (4,033) and Beraberia (8,969). North 24 Parganas district is densely populated, mainly because of the influx of refugees from East Pakistan (later Bangladesh). With a density of population of 2,182 per km² in 1971, it was 3rd in terms of density per km² in West Bengal after Kolkata and Howrah, and 20th in India. According to the District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas, “High density is also explained partly by the rapid growth of urbanization in the district. In 1991, the percentage of urban population in the district has been 51.23.” Decadal

Population Growth Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to ...

Rate (%) The decadal growth of population in Amdanga CD Block in 2001-2011 was 15.61%. The decadal growth of population in Amdanga CD Block in 1991-2001 was 19.28%. The decadal growth rate of population in North 24 Parganas district was as follows: 47.9% in 1951-61, 34.5% in 1961-71, 31.4% in 1971-81, 31.7% in 1981-91, 22.7% in 1991-2001 and 12.0% in 2001-11. The decadal growth rate for West Bengal in 2001-11 was 13.93%. The decadal growth rate for West Bengal was 17.84% in 1991-2001, 24.73% in 1981-1991 and 23.17% in 1971-1981. Only a small portion of the border with Bangladesh has been fenced and it is popularly referred to as a porous border. It is freely used by Bangladeshi infiltrators, terrorists, smugglers, criminals et al.

Literacy

As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Amdanga CD Block was 136,350 (80.69% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 73,244 (84.09% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 63,106 (77.07% of the female population over 6 years). The

gender disparity Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex determination occurs by the presence or absence of a Y in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. Phenotypic sex refers to an individual's sex as determined by the ...

(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 7.02%. See also –

List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate This is a list of districts in the Indian state of West Bengal ranked by literacy rate as per provisional data of 2011 census. With a literacy rate of 96.26% (male 90.69% and female 96.54%), above the national average of 90.04%, as per the 2011 Ce ...

Language and religion

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue,

Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...

has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001,

Hindi Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been de ...

has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001,

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''

North 24 Parganas: minority concentrated district

Rural Poverty

33.05% of households in Amdanga CD Block lived

below poverty line Below Poverty Line is a benchmark used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from s ...

in 2001, against an average of 29.28% in North 24 Parganas district.

Economy

Livelihood

In Amdanga CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 13,543 and formed 19.42% of the total workers, agricultural labourers numbered 24,815 and formed 35.59%, household industry workers numbered 1,910 and formed 2.74% and other workers numbered 29,453 and formed 42.24%. Total workers numbered 69,721 and formed 36.37% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 121,952 and formed 63.63% of the population. In more than 30 percent of the villages in North 24 Parganas, agriculture or household industry is no longer the major source of livelihood for the main workers there. The CD Blocks in the district can be classified as belonging to three categories: border areas, Sundarbans area and other rural areas. The percentage of other workers in the other rural areas category is considerably higher than those in the border areas and Sundarbans area. Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person’s land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.

Infrastructure

There are 79 inhabited villages in Amdanga CD Block, as per the District Census Handbook: North 24 Parganas. 100% villages have power supply and drinking water supply. 16 villages (20.25%) have post offices. 79 villages (100%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 52 villages (65.82%) have a pucca approach road and 38 villages (48.10%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 8 villages (10.13%) have agricultural credit societies and 10 villages (12.66 ) have banks.

Agriculture

The North 24 Parganas district

Human Development Report The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual Human Development Index report published by the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The first HDR was launched in 1990 by the Pakistani economist ...

opines that in spite of agricultural productivity in North 24 Parganas district being rather impressive 81.84% of rural population suffered from shortage of food. With a high urbanisation of 54.3% in 2001, the land use pattern in the district is changing quite fast and the area under cultivation is declining. However, agriculture is still the major source of livelihood in the rural areas of the district. From 1977 on wards major

land reforms Land reform is a form of agrarian reform involving the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership. Land reform may consist of a government-initiated or government-backed property redistribution, generally of agricultural ...

took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2010-11, persons engaged in agriculture in Amdanga CD Block could be classified as follows:

bargadar Sharecropping is a legal arrangement with regard to agricultural land in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide range ...

s 1,872 (4.77%), patta (document) holders 2,270 (5.78%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 1,960 (4.99%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 17,080 (43.49%) and agricultural labourers 16,093 (40.98%). Amdanga CD Block had 228 fertiliser depots, 129 seed stores and 33 fair price shops in 2010-11. In 2010-11, Amdanga CD Block produced 17,609 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop from 7,286 hectares, 20,993 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 6,605 hectares, 2,582 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 1,193 hectares, 60,159 tonnes of jute from 3,992 hectares, 10,876 tonnes of potatoes from 370 hectares and 18,511 tonnes of sugar cane from 228 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds. In 2010-11, the total area irrigated in Amdanga CD Block was 536 hectares, all of which were irrigated by deep tube well.

Pisciculture

In 2010-11, the net area under effective pisciculture in Amdanga CD Block was 909.79 hectares. 17,430 persons were engaged in the profession. Approximate annual production was 27,293.7 quintals.

Banking

In 2010-11, Amdanga CD Block had offices of 10 commercial banks and 3 gramin banks.

Transport

The nearest railway station is 11 km from CD Block headquarters. NH 12 (old numbering NH 34) passes through this CD Block.

Education

In 2010-11, Amdanga CD Block had 82 primary schools with 11,407 students, 3 middle schools with 561 students, 5 high schools with 4,149 students and 12 higher secondary schools with 17,724 students. Amdanga CD Block had 1 general college with 247 students and 246 institutions for special and non-formal education with 12,126 students. As per the 2011 census, in Amdanga CD Block, amongst the 79 inhabited villages, 2 villages did not have a school, 25 villages had more than 1 primary school, 24 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 13 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.

Amdanga Jugal Kishore Mahavidyalaya Amdanga Jugal Kishore Mahavidyalaya, established in 2007, is a general degree college in Amdanga, North 24 Parganas in the Indian state of West Bengal. It offers undergraduate courses in arts. It is affiliated to West Bengal State University. ...

was established at Sadhanpur in 2007.

Healthcare

In 2011, Amdanga CD Block had 1 block primary health centre and 3 primary health centres, with total 15 beds and 5 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 25 family welfare subcentres. 1,814 patients were treated indoors and 72,521 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block. Amdanga Rural Hospital at

with 30 beds functions as the main medical facility in Amdanga CD Block. There are primary health centres at Adhata (Adhata-Joypur PHC with 6 beds), Masunda (Marich PHC with 10 beds) and Baraberia (with 6 beds). Amdanga is one of the areas where ground water is affected by arsenic contamination.

References

{{North 24 Parganas topics Community development blocks in North 24 Parganas district