Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve () is a sustainable development reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.

Location

The Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS) covers in the north-central part of Amazonas. It covers parts of the municipalities of

Maraã Maraã is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population was 18,261 (2020) and its area is 16,910 km². Together with the municipality Japurá it forms the microregion Microregion is a designation for territor ...

, Codajás, Barcelos and

Coari Coari (''Choary'') is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Geography The municipal seat of Coari is one of the largest cities of the Amazonas state. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Coari. The area has r ...

. It partly overlaps with the

Jaú National Park The Jaú National Park () is a national park located in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It is one of the largest forest reserves in South America, and part of a World Heritage Site. Location The name "Jaú" comes from that of one of the largest ...

to its east. To the north the RDS adjoins the Rio Unini Extractive Reserve. To the west it is bounded by the Japurá River and the

Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve The Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve () in the Brazilian state of Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas, near the city of Tefé, is a reserve near the village of Boca do Mamirauá. It includes mostly Amazon rainforest, Amazonian flooded f ...

on the other side of the river. The reserve is in the area of the middle course of the

Solimões River Solimões () is the name often given to upper stretches of the Amazon River in Brazil from its confluence with the Rio Negro upstream to the border of Peru. The Solimões flows for about 1,600 km (1,000 miles) through a floodplain about 80 km ...

, near the point where it is joined by the Japurá River, and is about west of

Manaus Manaus () is the List of capitals of subdivisions of Brazil, capital and largest city of the States of Brazil, Brazilian state of Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas. It is the List of largest cities in Brazil, seventh-largest city in Brazil, w ...

. It contains Amanã Lake, , the largest lake in the Amazon region. The reserve connects the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve to its south west with the Jaú National Park. The three form one of the largest contiguous areas of protected forest in the world.

History

The Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve was created by decree 19.021 of 4 August 1998, and is administered by the Mamirauá Institute of Sustainable Development (Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá). The conservation unit is supported by the

Amazon Region Protected Areas Program The Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA; ) is a joint initiative sponsored by government and non-government agencies to expand protection of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. Foundation The Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA) orig ...

. Jaú National Park was inscribed by

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...

as a

World Heritage Site World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an treaty, international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural ...

in 2000. It became part of the

Central Amazon Ecological Corridor The Central Amazon Ecological Corridor () is an ecological corridor in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, that connects a number of conservation units in the Amazon rainforest. The objective is to maintain genetic connectivity between the protected ...

, established in 2002. In 2003 the property was expanded by the addition of the

Anavilhanas National Park Anavilhanas National Park () is a national park that encompasses a huge river archipelago in the Rio Negro in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It is part of a World Heritage Site. Location The park is in the municipalities of Manaus and Novo Ai ...

, Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve and Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve to form the Central Amazon Conservation Complex, a larger World Heritage Site. The park became part of the

Lower Rio Negro Mosaic The Lower Rio Negro Mosaic ( is a protected area mosaic in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It coordinates between eleven conservation units of different types in the Amazon rainforest to the northwest of the state capital, Manaus. Location The L ...

, created in 2010.

Environment

Vegetation is mostly tall

terra firma forest A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a dense community of trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological functio ...

with areas of white water várzea and black water

igapó (, from Tupi language, Old Tupi: "root forest") is a word used in Brazil for Blackwater river, blackwater-flooded forests in the Amazon biome. These forests and similar swamp forests are seasonally inundated with freshwater. They typically occur ...

flooded forest, and small areas of white sand forest or

campinarana Campinarana (NT0158, ), also called Rio Negro Campinarana, is a neotropical ecoregion in the Amazon biome of the north west of Brazil, southern Venezuela, and the east of Colombia that contains vegetation adapted to extremely poor soil. It includ ...

. The reserve experiences seasonal flooding around the perimeter of the Amanã lake, but the flooded forest area is small compared to the areas of terra firma. In the lake region the change in water level is . The reserve is home to various rare or endangered species including the golden-backed uakari (Cacajao melanocephalus),

Amazonian manatee The Amazonian manatee (''Trichechus inunguis'') is a species of manatee that lives in the Amazon Basin in Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Ecuador. It has thin, wrinkled brownish or gray colored skin, with fine hairs scattered over its body and a white ...

(Trichechus inunguis),

Amazon river dolphin The Amazon river dolphin (''Inia geoffrensis''), also known as the boto, bufeo or pink river dolphin, is a species of toothed whale Endemism, endemic to South America and is classified in the family Iniidae. Three subspecies are currently recogni ...

(Inia geoffrensis),

bush dog The bush dog (''Speothos venaticus'') is a canine found in Central and South America. In spite of its extensive range, it is very rare in most areas except in Suriname, Guyana and Peru; it was first described by Peter Wilhelm Lund from fossils ...

(Speothos venaticus),

short-eared dog The short-eared dog (''Atelocynus microtis''), also known as the small-eared dog, is a unique and elusive canid species endemic to the Amazonian basin. This is the only species assigned to the genus ''Atelocynus''. Other names The short-eared ...

(Atelocynus microtis),

harpy eagle The harpy eagle (''Harpia harpyja'') is a large Neotropical realm, neotropical species of eagle. It is also called the American harpy eagle to distinguish it from the Papuan eagle, which is sometimes known as the New Guinea Harpy Eagle, New Guin ...

(Harpia harpyja) and the

Arapaima The arapaima, pirarucu, or paiche is any large species of bonytongue in the genus ''Arapaima'' native to the Amazon Basin, Amazon and Essequibo River, Essequibo basins of South America. ''Arapaima'' is the type genus of the subfamily Arapaiminae ...

fish. During the dry season the lake is home to relatively large populations of manatee. During the wet season the manatee migrate to várzea regions, mainly to Mamirauá. The

undulated tinamou The undulated tinamou (''Crypturellus undulatus'') is a species of ground bird found in a wide range of wooded habitats in eastern and northern South America. Etymology Its generic name ''Crypturellus'' is formed from three Latin or Greek word ...

(Crypturellus undulatus)) follows the same pattern of migration. Primates found in the reserve include the mottle-faced tamarin (Saguinus inustus),

squirrel monkey Squirrel monkeys are New World monkeys of the genus ''Saimiri''. ''Saimiri'' is the only genus in the subfamily Saimiriinae. The name of the genus is of Tupi origin (''sai-mirím'' or ''çai-mbirín'', with ''sai'' meaning 'monkey' and ''mirím' ...

(Saimiri sciureus),

tufted capuchin The tufted capuchin (''Sapajus apella''), also known as brown capuchin, black-capped capuchin, or pin monkey, is a New World primate from South America and the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Margarita. As traditionally defined, it is one of t ...

(Sapajus apella), white-fronted capuchin (Cebus albifrons),

collared titi The collared titi monkey (''Cheracebus torquatus'') is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey. It is endemic to northern Brazil. Taxonomy At the end of the 1980s, the genus ''Callicebus'' was revised from the Hershkovitz concept of thre ...

(Callicebus torquatus), Venezuelan red howler (Alouatta seniculus), golden-backed uakari (Cacajao melanocephalus) and

Spix's night monkey Spix's night monkey (''Aotus vociferans''), also known as the Colombian gray night monkey, noisy night monkey and Spix's owl monkey, is a night monkey species from South America. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. The Spix's nigh ...

(Aotus vociferans).

People

The reserve was formed after the successful implementation of the

, and was fully supported by the local people. They already recognized the importance of preserving the vegetation and animals that they depend upon for their livelihood. As of 2011 the reserve had a human population of 3,860 people in 648 households living in 80 locations in the reserve and six locations around the reserve. The people manage the reserve and engage in agriculture, hunting, fishing and logging.

Notes

Sources

* * * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Amana Sustainable Development Reserve 1998 establishments in Brazil Sustainable development reserves of Brazil Protected areas of Amazonas (Brazilian state) Populated places in Amazonas (Brazilian state) World Heritage Sites in Brazil