Alvarado is one of the 212

municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

of the

Mexican state The states of Mexico are first-level administrative territorial entities of the country of Mexico, which is officially named Mexico, United Mexican States. There are 32 federal entities in Mexico (31 states and the capital, Mexico City, as a sepa ...

Veracruz Veracruz (), formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is one of the 31 states which, along with Me ...

. The municipality is part of the state's

Papaloapan Region The Cuenca del Papaloapan Region is in the north of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico where the foothills of the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca meet the coastal plain of Veracruz. The principal city is San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec, the second largest in Oaxaca st ...

and its municipal seat is established at the homonymous city of Alvarado.

History

In 1816, the citizens of the village of San Cristóbal de Alvarado sought the designation of ''Town'' from

Ferdinand VII , house = Bourbon-Anjou , father = Charles IV of Spain , mother = Maria Luisa of Parma , birth_date = 14 October 1784 , birth_place = El Escorial, Spain , death_date = , death_place = Madrid, Spain , burial_plac ...

King King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...

of Spain. The King granted the village the title of Town on 8 September 1816 by

Royal Decree A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic or a monarch), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution). It has the force of law. The particular term used for ...

, which had a cost of 92,800 maravedís. Almost two years later, on 5 September 1818 the same Ferdinand VII authorized the first

Honorable ''The Honourable'' (British English) or ''The Honorable'' (American English; see spelling differences) (abbreviation: ''Hon.'', ''Hon'ble'', or variations) is an honorific style that is used as a prefix before the names or titles of certain ...

''Ayuntamiento'' or

city council A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, rural counc ...

. On 3 October 1818, the first City Council was established with Tomás Hondal serving as first

Mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...

. Once the Independence War was over, the State enacted its own

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When ...

in which the state territory was divided in 4 departments and 12

cantons A canton is a type of administrative division of a country. In general, cantons are relatively small in terms of area and population when compared with other administrative divisions such as counties, departments, or provinces. Internationally, t ...

. The municipality of Alvarado was assigned to the Canton of Veracruz in the Department of Veracruz.

Geography

The municipality has an extension of and an elevation of . It is located in the state's

Papaloapan region The Cuenca del Papaloapan Region is in the north of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico where the foothills of the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca meet the coastal plain of Veracruz. The principal city is San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec, the second largest in Oaxaca st ...

and is bordered by the municipalities of Boca del Río,

Tlalixcoyan Tlalixcoyan (pronounced Tlah-leeks-KOH-yan) is a municipality in Veracruz, Mexico. Tlalixcoyan is bordered by: Alvarado, Medellín, and Cotaxtla and is on Mexican Federal Highways 180 and 190. Lorenzo Barcelata, composer, was born in Tlalixco ...

Medellín Medellín ( or ), officially the Municipality of Medellín ( es, Municipio de Medellín), is the second-largest city in Colombia, after Bogotá, and the capital of the department of Antioquia. It is located in the Aburrá Valley, a central re ...

Ignacio de la Llave Ignacio de la Llave y Segura Zevallos (26 August 1818 – 23 June 1863)https://www.gob.mx/inafed/articulos/conmemoramos-el-natalicio-de-general-del-ejercito-y-como-gobernador-del-estado-de-veracruz-ignacio-de-la-llave was a general and the gover ...

Ixmatlahuacan Ixmatlahuacan is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is in south zone of Veracruz, about 175 km from the state capital Xalapa. It has an area of 335.59 km2. It is located at . Ixmatlahuacan is delimited to the northeast by Acula, to ...

, Acula,

Tlacotalpan Tlacotalpan is a city in Tlacotalpan Municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1998 primarily for its architecture and colonial-era layout. The town was established in 1550 on what was originally an ...

and Lerdo de Tejada.

Hydrography

The municipality is crossed by the

Papaloapan The Papaloapan River () is one of the main rivers of the Political divisions of Mexico, Mexican state of Veracruz (state), Veracruz. Its name comes from the Nahuatl ''papaloapan'' meaning "river of the Butterfly, butterflies". In 1517, Juan de Gri ...

and

Blanco Blanco (''white'' or ''blank'' in Spanish) or Los Blancos may refer to: People *Blanco (surname) Fictional characters *Blanco, a hobbit in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth * Blanco Webb, character in the BBC sitcom ''Porridge'' * El Blanco, albin ...

rivers, both of which drain into the Alvarado Lagoon complex. The Alvarado Lagoon complex is formed, from north to south, by the Camaronera, Buen País, Alvarado and Tlalixcoyan lagoons.

Orography

Alvarado is located in the state's central

coast The coast, also known as the coastline or seashore, is defined as the area where land meets the ocean, or as a line that forms the boundary between the land and the coastline. The Earth has around of coastline. Coasts are important zones in n ...

al zone, within the Sotavento plains.

Dune A dune is a landform composed of wind- or water-driven sand. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. An area with dunes is called a dune system or a dune complex. A large dune complex is called a dune field, while broad, f ...

s are common in rural and urban areas; an example of this is the neighborhood of (), built on the Rosary dunes which are inside the city of Alvarado.

Climate

In this region there is hot/sub-

humid Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. Humidity depen ...

—the wetter of the sub-humids—

weather Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. On Earth, most weather phenomena occur in the lowest layer of the planet's atmosphere, the ...

with abundant

rain Rain is water droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. It provides water f ...

s in summer. The maximum average

temperature Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses quantitatively the perceptions of hotness and coldness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Thermometers are calibrated in various temperature scales that historically have relied o ...

is and as minimum average temperature, varying from to every year. The dry season is from January to May and the period of rains starts in June. The ''nortes'' season starts in November and intensifies in January.

Infrastructure

Roads

The municipality is connected mainly through two

Mexican Federal Highway Federal Highways ( es, Carretera Federal), are a series of highways that connect with roads from foreign countries; link two or more states of the Federation; and are wholly or mostly built by the Federation with federal funds or through federal ...

s and a few state and municipal roads. * Highway 180 covers must of the municipality from north to south, connecting Alvarado with the municipalities of Medellín and Boca del Río to the north, and Lerdo de Tejada to the south. Prior to the building of the Alvarado toll bridge in the 1960s, ferries were used at the Papaloapan river's mouth to cross the river. * Highway 175 starts at Buenavista, at the south-end of the municipality, connecting with Tlacotalpan to the west. Highway 175 it passes over an upstream section of the Papaloapan River via the Tlacotalpan toll bridge. Regarding state and municipal roads, the small network connects a few locations in the north and northwest areas of the municipality.

Administrative division

The municipality counts with 265 settlements, from which 2 are urban.

Government

Municipal

Local government, or ( en,

Municipal council A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, rural counci ...

), is led by the ( en,

, lit=municipal president) with support of the

Syndic Syndic (Late Latin: '; Greek: ' – one who helps in a court of justice, an advocate, representative) is a term applied in certain countries to an officer of government with varying powers, and secondly to a representative or delegate of a universi ...

, and the ( en, councillors, lit=regents). The mayor is elected by popular election for a 4-year term with non-limited, non-consecutive re-elections.

State and Federal

The municipality is part of the XXIII State Electoral district and XIX Federal Electoral District.

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alvarado (Municipality) Municipalities of Veracruz