Alireza Feyz (1925 – March 3, 2019) was an

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

author, researcher of

Islamic jurisprudence ''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and e ...

and

Islamic philosophy Islamic philosophy is philosophy that emerges from the Islamic tradition. Two terms traditionally used in the Islamic world are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa (literally: "philosophy"), which refers to philosophy as well as logic, ...

, professor at the

University of Tehran The University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, fa, دانشگاه تهران) is the most prominent university located in Tehran, Iran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching pro ...

and

jurist A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyses and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal qualification in law and often a legal practitioner. In the Uni ...

Birth

Alireza Feyz, son of

Ayatollah Ayatollah ( ; fa, آیت‌الله, āyatollāh) is an Title of honor, honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy in Iran and Iraq that came into widespread usage in the 20th century. Etymology The title is originally derived from ...

Mirza Mohammad Feyz and descendant of

Mohsen Fayz Kashani ''Mul·lā'' "al-Muḥsin" "al-Fayḍ" al-Kāshānī (1598–1680; fa, ملا محسن فیض کاشانی) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'i Muslim, mystic, poet, philosopher, and muhaddith (died ''c''. 1680 ᴄᴇ). Life Mohsen Fayz Kashani was bor ...

, was born on 1925 in

Qom Qom (also spelled as "Ghom", "Ghum", or "Qum") ( fa, قم ) is the seventh largest metropolis and also the seventh largest city in Iran. Qom is the capital of Qom Province. It is located to the south of Tehran. At the 2016 census, its popul ...

, Iran.

Education

From the age of five to seven, Alireza Feyz went to a local Maktabkhaneh in

learn Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals, and some machines; there is also evidence for some kind of learnin ...

primary concept of

Islamic studies Islamic studies refers to the academic study of Islam, and generally to academic multidisciplinary "studies" programs—programs similar to others that focus on the history, texts and theologies of other religious traditions, such as Easter ...

. Then he studied in ''Mohammadieh Elementary and High School'' in

and got his diploma there. In addition to studying in high school, he studied in the

Qom Seminary The Qom Seminary () is the largest Islamic seminary (''hawza'') in Iran, established in 1922 by Grand Ayatollah Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi in Qom. It trains Usuli scholars. History Although big Shi'a academies existed in Qom dating back as early ...

and gained knowledge from several professors. From 1938 to 1953 he studied advanced concepts of

and

principles A principle is a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation. In law, it is a rule that has to be or usually is to be followed. It can be desirably followed, or it can be an inevitable consequence of something, such as the la ...

for 15 years in

and

Hawza Najaf The Najaf Seminary ( ar, حوزة النجف), also known as the al-Hawza Al-Ilmiyya (الحوزة العلمية), is the oldest and one of the most important Shia seminaries (hawza) in the world. It is located in the city of Najaf in Iraq. The ...

. He also studied

with master

Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i or Sayyid Mohammad Hossein Tabataba'i (16 March 1903 – 15 November 1981) was an Iranian scholar, theorist, philosopher and one of the most prominent thinkers of modern Shia Islam. He is perhaps best known for his ''T ...

. In 1950, with the permission of eminent scholars such as

Seyyed Mohammad Mohaqeq Damad and

Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Khansari, he reached the level of

ijtihad ''Ijtihad'' ( ; ar, اجتهاد ', ; lit. physical or mental ''effort'') is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning by an expert in Islamic law, or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a le ...

. In the meantime, he taught at some levels of

Arabic literature Arabic literature ( ar, الأدب العربي / ALA-LC: ''al-Adab al-‘Arabī'') is the writing, both as prose and poetry, produced by writers in the Arabic language. The Arabic word used for literature is '' Adab'', which is derived from ...

logic Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the science of deductively valid inferences or of logical truths. It is a formal science investigating how conclusions follow from premises ...

, and

Principles of Islamic jurisprudence Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, also known as ''uṣūl al-fiqh'' ( ar, أصول الفقه, lit. roots of fiqh), are traditional methodological principles used in Islamic jurisprudence (''fiqh'') for deriving the rulings of Islamic law ('' ...

in addition to his studies. In the late 1950s he came to

Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...

and entered

to study

there. In 1953, he completed his bachelor's degree in Islamic philosophy and began teaching again in the

. With the opening of the doctoral course in

Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies of the University of Tehran The Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies is one of the faculties of University of Tehran, which was established in 1935. History The Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies of University of Tehran was established in 1935 at the Sepahsal ...

, he was one of the first students of this course in the field of philosophy. He continued his education in this field until doctorate degree. Then he wrote his doctoral dissertation entitled "Critique of Aristotle's logic" and obtained his PhD in

from

in 1963.

Career

From 1957, when he was a PhD course student, he taught

and

at the Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies in

, and finally reached the rank of full professor. For almost 20 years, he was the director of the Department of Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law in

. He continued his scientific activity with universities for about 35 years. In 1981, he was praised by

Ali Khamenei Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei ( fa, سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای, ; born 19 April 1939) is a Twelver Shia ''marja and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989. He was previously the third president o ...

then

President of Iran The president of Iran ( fa, رئیس‌جمهور ایران, Rayis Jomhur-e Irān) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The president is the second highest-ranking official of Iran after the Supreme Leader. The president i ...

as an exemplary professor, and in 1991, as a distinguished professor at the University of Tehran, he received a plaque of honor from

Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ( fa, اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی, Akbar Hāshemī Rafsanjānī, born Akbar Hashemi Bahramani, 25 August 1934 – 8 January 2017) was an Iranian politician, writer, and one of the founding fathers of the Islami ...

then

. In 2003 he was selected as a permanent figure at

Iranian Science and Culture Hall of Fame Iranian Science and Culture Hall of Fame or Ever-lasting Names / People ( fa, چهره‌های ماندگار; read as "Čehre-hā-ye Māndegār") is a formal ceremony to honor influential contemporary scientific and cultural Eminents. The title ...

in the field of Islamic jurisprudence and law. During

Iranian Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution (1980–1983; fa, انقلاب فرهنگی: Enqelābe Farhangi) was a period following the Iranian Revolution, when the academia of Iran was purged of Western and non-Islamic influences (including traditionalist unpoli ...

, he was sent to the officer's college and was in charge of teaching

Islamic criminal jurisprudence Islamic criminal law ( ar, فقه العقوبات) is criminal law in accordance with Sharia. Strictly speaking, Islamic law does not have a distinct corpus of "criminal law". It divides crimes into three different categories depending on the ...

, reviewing books and textbooks in that college. With the start of the

Dehkhoda Dictionary The ''Dehkhoda Dictionary'' ( fa, لغت‌نامهٔ دهخدا) is the largest comprehensive Persian encyclopedic dictionary ever published, comprising 200 volumes. It is published by the Tehran University Press (UTP) under the supervision of ...

project, he collaborated for 12 years in preparing 14 volumes of the dictionaries. These are some of his other activities: member of

Academy of Sciences of Iran The Academy of Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( fa, فرهنگستان علوم جمهوری اسلامی ایران) was established in 1988. It is one of the four academies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The other three are: Iranian ...

, member of The Organization for Researching and Composing University textbooks in the Humanities, member of

The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought (WFPIST) as well as Tehran's Ecumenical Society ( fa, مجمع جهانی تقریب مذاهب اسلامی) is a forum that was established on October 1990 by order of Ayatollah Seyed Al ...

, collaboration with University of Islamic Denominations, Representative of the Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies in the Committee for the Promotion of Professors of the University of Tehran, collaboration with Tehran School of Law and Political Science, collaboration with

Tarbiat Modares University Tarbiat Modares University ( fa, دانشگاه تربیت مدرس: ''Dāneshgāh-e Tarbiyat Modares'', lit. "Professor Training University") is an exclusively graduate university with its main campus in Tehran, Iran. It was founded in 1982 a ...

, collaboration with

University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services ( fa, دانشگاه علوم قضایی و خدمات اداری), also known as University of Judicial Sciences, is an Iranian university established in 1979, pursuant to Article 35 ...

, collaboration with

Islamic Azad University The Islamic Azad University (IAU; fa, دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, ''Dāneshgāh-e Āzād-e Eslāmi'') is a private university system headquartered in Tehran, Iran. It is one of the largest comprehensive systems of universities, colleg ...

. He retired from the University of Tehran in 2001.

Bibliography

Books

* Basis of jurisprudence and principles (title in fa, مبادی فقه و اصول), in

Persian language Persian (), also known by its endonym Farsi (, ', ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and ...

, 1984 * Islamic General Criminal Law (title in fa, حقوق جزای عمومی اسلام), in

, 1984 * Comparison and Application in Islamic Public Criminal Law (title in fa, مقارنه و تطبیق در حقوق جزای عمومی اسلام), in

, 1985 * Application in the general criminal law of Islam (title in fa, تطبیق در حقوق جزای عمومی اسلام), in

, 1986 * Translation of Lam'eh book (title in fa, ترجمه کتاب لمعه), in

, Translation, 1987 * Basis of jurisprudence and principles include some of the issues of those two sciences (title in fa, مبادی فقه و اصول مشتمل بر بخشی از مسائل آن دو علم), in

, 1990 * The Wergild (title in fa, دیه), in

, Translation, 1993 * A discussion about obstruction (title in fa, بحثی درباره انسداد), in

, 1994 * Ethics lessons (title in fa, درسهای اخلاق), in

, Translation, 1997 * Characteristics of ijtihad and dynamic jurisprudence (title in fa, ویژگیهای اجتهاد و فقه پویا), in

, 2003 * Jurisprudential opinions of Mullah Mohsen Feyz Kashani (title in fa, آرای فقهی ملامحسن فیض کاشانی), in

, 2008 * Legal Thoughts of Custom and Ijtihad (title in fa, اندیشه‌های حقوقی عرف و اجتهاد), in

, 2009 * Exclusive (private) criminal law of Islam (title in fa, حقوق جزای اختصاصی (خصوصی) اسلام), in

* A critical commentary on the law of retribution, corrections, reprimand and wergilds (title in fa, شرحی انتقادی بر قانون حدود، تعزیرات، قصاص و دیات), in

* Dictionary of Terms of Principles of Jurisprudence (title in fa, فرهنگ اصطلاحات اصول فقه), in

* Critique of Aristotle's logic (title in fa, انتقاد بر منطق ارسطو), in

* Ijtihad and Taqlid (title in fa, اجتهاد و تقلید), in

* Role of custom and manners in ijtihad (title in fa, نقش عرف و سیره عقلا در اجتهاد), in

* Components and consensus and community of command and prohibition (title in fa, اجزا و اجماع و اجتماع امر و نهی), in

* The unity is the reason of Shiite wisdom and the interests of the Sunni messengers (title in fa, وحدت دليل عقل شيعه و مصالح مرسله اهل سنت), in

Articles

* Every year when the month of Muharram arrives (title in fa, همه ساله ماه محرم که فرا می رسد), in

, 1947 * The only important philosophy of Zakat and Khums (title in fa, یگانه فلسفه شایان اهمیت زکوة و خمس), in

, 1947 * Around human (title in fa, در پیرامون انسان), in

, 1948 * Battle in the shadow of religion and knowledge in the community scene (title in fa, نبرد در سایه دین و دانش در صحنه اجتماع), in

, 1949 * Mullah Mohsen Feyz Kashani and some fatwas from him (title in fa, ملامحسن فیض کاشانی و چند فتوی از او), in

, 1970 * Genesis of logic (title in fa, پیدایش منطق), in

, 1971 * Research method in Islamic jurisprudence (title in fa, روش تحقیق در فقه اسلامی), in

, 1972 * Research Method in Islamic Jurisprudence "A Discussion in Evidence" (title in fa, روش تحقیق در فقه اسلامی «بحثی در ادله»), in

, 1975 * Contemporary jurisprudence seeks solutions and attempts to resolve jurisprudential differences (title in fa, فقه مقارن چاره جویی و تلاش برای رفع اختلافات فقهی), in

, 1979 * Criticize and check of Book (title in fa, نقد و بررسی کتاب), in

, 1985 * Ijtihad and its history (title in fa, اجتهاد و تاریخ آن), in

, 1986 * The value of rational evidence is the reason for wisdom (title in fa, ارزش مدرکات عقلی دلیل عقل), in

, 1988 * Characteristics of the jurisprudence of Mullah Mohsen Feyz (title in fa, ویژگیهای فقه ملامحسن فیض), in

, 1988 * The role of time and place in jurisprudence and ijtihad (title in fa, نقش زمان و مکان در فقه، و اجتهاد), in

, 1992 * Lasting Monuments: Waqf and its Motives (title in fa, یادگارهای ماندگار: وقف و انگیزه های آن), in

, 1994 * Transformation of the judicial system; Nodes and Solutions (title in fa, تحول نظام قضایی؛ گره ها و راه حل ها), in

, 1994 * The expediency of the endowment and some of its conditions (title in fa, مصلحت وقف و پاره ای از شرطهای آن), in

, 1995 * Application of jurisprudential sources (title in fa, کاربرد مآخذ فقهی), in

, 1995 * The path of ijtihad and jurisprudence (title in fa, راهی که اجتهاد و فقه در پیش دارند), in

, 1995 * Order and disorder in traditional societies, and academia (title in fa, نظم و بی نظمی در جوامع سنتی، و دانشگاهی), in

, 1996 * A study of jurisprudential issues regarding the role of reason, ethics, time and place (title in fa, بررسى مباحث فقهى پیرامون نقش عقل، اخلاق، زمان و مکان), in

, 2001 * Extent of jurisprudence and expression of its examples (title in fa, گستردگی فقه و بیان مصادیق آن), in

, 2002 * Council Ijtihad Roundtable (title in fa, میزگرد اجتهاد شورایی), in

, 2003 * Customary associations (title in fa, ارتکازات عرفی), in

, 2005 * Custom of the wise (title in fa, عرف عقلا), in

, 2006 * Description of the life and works of Feyz Kashani (title in fa, شرح احوال و آثار فیض کاشانی), in

, 2007 * Field of Worship Jurisprudence: The Place of Khums in Islamic Economics (title in fa, حوزه فقه عبادت: جایگاه خمس در اقتصاد اسلامی), in

, 2008 * Investigating the dynamics factors of jurisprudence (title in fa, بررسی عوامل پویایی فقه), in

, 2008 * Investigating the authority of fatwa reputation in the principles of affiliates with an approach to the views of Ayatollah Boroujerdi, Khoei and Imam Khomeini (title in fa, بررسی حجیت شهرت فتوایی در اصول متلقات با رویکردی بر دیدگاه، آیت الله بروجردی، خویی و امام خمینی), in

, 2008 * Validity and invalidity of seeing the crescent with the armed eye (title in fa, اعتبار و عدم اعتبار رؤیت هلال با چشم مسلح), in

, 2009 * Comparison of remittance contract with conversion of obligation and transfer of debt and demand (title in fa, مقایسه عقد حواله با تبدیل تعهد و انتقال دین و طلب), in

, 2009 * Relationship between deterrent punishments and punishments in Iranian criminal law (title in fa, نسبت مجازات های بازدارنده با تعزیرات در حقوق کیفری ایران), in

, 2010

Death

Alireza Feyz died on March 3, 2019, at age of 93 in

, Iran. Two days later, the funeral was held for him at the

References

External links

Picture: Dr. Alireza Feyz funeral
{{DEFAULTSORT:Feyz, Alireza 1925 births 2019 deaths Academic staff of the University of Tehran People from Qom Philosophy academics 20th-century Iranian lawyers Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies of the University of Tehran alumni Iranian Science and Culture Hall of Fame recipients in Theology