Noticias sobre la Alianza de Intelectuales Antifascistas para la Defensa de la Cultura

The Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals for the Defense of Culture (''Alianza de Intelectuales Antifascistas para la Defensa de la Cultura'') was a civil organization created on July 30, 1936, after the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...

began. It had its initial headquarters in Madrid and moved to Valencia, accompanying the government of the

Second Spanish Republic The Spanish Republic (), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (), was the form of government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, after the deposition of Alfonso XIII, King Alfonso XIII, and was di ...

History

The origins of the organization dates back to 1935, during the I Congress of Antifascist Writers and the creation of the AIEDC (International Association of Writers in Defense of Culture), with the assistance of several Spanish delegates. The Alliance of Anti-Fascist Intellectuals for the Defense of Culture was organized as an athenaeum, with various committees or divisions for subject areas. In addition to general cultural and sociopolitical activity, manifestos, talks and appeals were made against the rise of fascism represented by Franco's revolted army. Other groups converged in the Alliance, such as the Union of Proletarian Writers and Artists (a group of activists of left-wing Valencians) and Accio d'Art (a dissident regionalist group from the Círculo de Bellas Artes de Valencia). The Alliance published bulletins and magazines, the first of which, ''Milicia Popular'' , appeared on September 30, 1936, although the most important was ''

El Mono Azul ''El Mono Azul'' (Spanish: ''Blue Overalls'') was an anti-fascist magazine which was published in Madrid during the Spanish Civil War. The magazine existed between 1936 and 1939 and was one of the major cultural, intellectual and artistic publica ...

''. The activities were diverse and, at an international level; The one that caused the greatest impact was the II International Congress of Writers for the Defense of Culture, held between July 4 and 17, 1937, with headquarters in Valencia, but which also had events in Madrid (in a city almost besieged) and Barcelona, and closed in Paris.

Members

Its members included

María Zambrano María Zambrano Alarcón (22 April 1904 – 6 February 1991) was a Spanish essayist and philosopher associated with the Generation of '36 movement. Her extensive work between the civic engagement and the poetic reflection started to be r ...

Rafael Alberti Rafael Alberti Merello (16 December 1902 – 28 October 1999) was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27. He is considered one of the greatest literary figures of the so-called ''Silver Age'' of Spanish Literature, and he won numerou ...

Miguel Hernández Miguel Hernández Gilabert (30 October 1910 – 28 March 1942 ) was a 20th-century Spanish-language poet and playwright associated with the Generation of '27 and the Generation of '36 movements. Born and raised in a family of low resources, h ...

José Bergamín José Bergamín Gutiérrez (Madrid, 1895 – Hondarribia, 28 August 1983) was a Spanish writer, essayist, poet, and playwright. His father served as president of the canton of Málaga; his mother was a Catholic. Bergamín was influenced by bot ...

María Teresa León María Teresa León Goyri (31 October 1903 – 13 December 1988) was a Spanish writer, activist and cultural ambassador. Born in Logroño, she was the niece of the Spanish feminist and writer María Goyri (the wife of Ramón Menéndez Pidal). S ...

Rosa Chacel Rosa Clotilde Chacel Arimón (June 3, 1898 – July 27, 1994) was a famous and sometimes controversial writer from Spain. She was a native of Valladolid. Early life Chacel was born in Valladolid, the daughter of a teacher who sent her to liv ...

Luis Buñuel Luis Buñuel Portolés (; 22 February 1900 – 29 July 1983) was a Spanish-Mexican filmmaker who worked in France, Mexico, and Spain. He has been widely considered by many film critics, historians, and directors to be one of the greatest and m ...

Luis Cernuda Luis Cernuda Bidón (September 21, 1902 – November 5, 1963) was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27. During the Spanish Civil War, in early 1938, he went to the UK to deliver some lectures and this became the start of an exile t ...

Pedro Garfias Pedro Garfias Zurita (May 27, 1901 – August 9, 1967) was a Spanish poet. Garfias was born in Salamanca, Spain, but spent his childhood and youth in the Andalusian cities of Seville and Córdoba. In 1918 he moved to Madrid in order to study La ...

Juan Chabás Juan Chabás (September 10, 1900, Dénia – October 29, 1954) was a Spanish-born poet and writer. He was a member of the influential group of writers known as the Generation of '27. He fled to exile in Cuba following the Spanish Civil War. In 193 ...

Rodolfo Halffter Rodolfo Halffter Escriche (October 20, 1900 – October 14, 1987) was a Spanish composer. Early years Born in Madrid, Spain, into a family of musicians, Rodolfo Halffter was the brother of Ernesto Halffter and uncle of Cristóbal Halffter, also c ...

, Ramón J. Sender,

Emilio Prados Emilio Prados (4 March 1899 - 24 April 1962) was a Spanish poet and editor, a member of the Generation of '27. Life Born in the Andalusian city of Málaga in 1899, Prados was offered a place at Madrid's famous Residencia de estudiantes in 1914 ...

Manuel Altolaguirre Manuel Altolaguirre (29 June 1905 – 26 July 1959) was a Spanish poet, an editor, publisher, and printer of poetry, and a member of the Generation of '27. Biography Born in the Andalusia city of Málaga in 1905, Altolaguirre's collaborative poets ...

Max Aub Max Aub Mohrenwitz (June 2, 1903, Paris – July 22, 1972 Mexico City) was a Mexican-Spanish experimentalist novelist, playwright, poet, and literary critic. In 1965 he founded the literary periodical ''Los Sesenta'' (the Sixties), with edi ...

, Plaja and Rafael Morales, among others. Foreign writers who collaborated with it included

Pablo Neruda Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto (12 July 1904 – 23 September 1973), better known by his pen name and, later, legal name Pablo Neruda (; ), was a Chilean poet-diplomat and politician who won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature. Nerud ...

Nicolás Guillén Nicolás Cristóbal Guillén Batista (10 July 1902 – 17 July 1989) was a Cuban poet, journalist, political activist, and writer. He is best remembered as the national poet of Cuba.

Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. His economical and understated style—which he termed the iceberg theory—had a strong influence on 20th-century fic ...

César Vallejo César Abraham Vallejo Mendoza (March 16, 1892 – April 15, 1938) was a Peruvian poet, writer, playwright, and journalist. Although he published only two books of poetry during his lifetime, he is considered one of the great poetic innovators ...

Raúl González Tuñón Raúl González Tuñón (29 March 1905 – 14 August 1974) was an Argentine poet and writer from Buenos Aires. He also worked as a journalist, notably for the journal ''Crítica'', and was known for his social activism and his socialist beliefs. ...

Octavio Paz Octavio Paz Lozano (March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican poet and diplomat. For his body of work, he was awarded the 1977 Jerusalem Prize, the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, and ...

André Malraux Georges André Malraux ( , ; 3 November 1901 – 23 November 1976) was a French novelist, art theorist, and minister of cultural affairs. Malraux's novel ''La Condition Humaine'' (Man's Fate) (1933) won the Prix Goncourt. He was appointed by P ...

and

Louis Aragon Louis Aragon (, , 3 October 1897 – 24 December 1982) was a French poet who was one of the leading voices of the surrealist movement in France. He co-founded with André Breton and Philippe Soupault the surrealist review ''Littérature''. He wa ...

References

{{Authority control 1936 establishments in Spain 1939 disestablishments in Spain Organizations established in 1936 Organizations disestablished in 1939 Anti-fascist organizations Anti-fascism in Spain