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Aleš Veselý (3 February 1935,
Čáslav Čáslav (; german: Tschaslau) is a town in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 10,000 inhabitants. The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone. Administ ...
- 14 December 2015,
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and List of cities in the Czech Republic, largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 milli ...
) was a Czech sculptor, graphic artist, painter and academy teacher.


Life

Aleš Veselý came from a mixed
Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
family of an insurance clerk and during
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
he lived with his parents in
Hradec Králové Hradec Králové (; german: Königgrätz) is a city of the Czech Republic. It has about 91,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Hradec Králové Region. The historic centre of Hradec Králové is well preserved and is protected by law as an ...
. As a six-year-old boy, he had to wear the the yellow six-pointed star in public and this experience marked him for life. His father and sister were
deported Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country. The term ''expulsion'' is often used as a synonym for deportation, though expulsion is more often used in the context of international law, while deportation ...
to the Terezín Concentration Camp, but managed to escape before the end of the war and returned home. During the war, 47 of his relatives were murdered. Aleš Veselý, as a Jew, was not allowed to go to school and did not graduate from the fifth grade of primary school until after the war. His father got a new job in
Ústí nad Labem Ústí nad Labem (, , ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 92,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of its eponymous region and district. It is a major industrial centre and, besides being an active river port, is an important railway ju ...
, where Aleš Veselý started to study at the gymnasium. After the education reform he finished the so-called Unified School of the Second Grade in
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and List of cities in the Czech Republic, largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 milli ...
. From childhood he painted and later attended the Secondary
Art school An art school is an educational institution with a primary focus on the visual arts, including fine art – especially illustration, painting, photography, sculpture, and graphic design. Art schools can offer elementary, secondary, post-second ...
in Prague, but after two years his professors recommended him to go to the
Academy An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosop ...
. At the age of seventeen, he was admitted without a high school diploma and without meeting the prescribed minimum age to the graphic arts preparatory school. Eventually he completed his entire studies in the graphic studio of Prof. Vladimír Silovský, where there was a very free atmosphere and it was sufficient to bring one's home works several times during the year. Since moving to Prague, he learned to play the
piano The piano is a stringed keyboard instrument in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material (modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt; some early pianos used leather). It is played using a keybo ...
while improvising and composing his own music. Until the early 1960s, he considered music more creative and hesitated to pursue it professionally. It was not until the advent of abstraction that he finally decided to pursue visual art. During his studies, he went to the small mountain village of Sihelné in the Slovak Western Carpathians to paint during holidays, and later also in autumn and winter. He himself states that the village's archetypal environment, reading and music were at the origin of his journey towards abstraction. After graduating from the Prague Academy (1952-1958), he was automatically accepted as a candidate of the Union of Visual Artists, which allowed him to apply for creative scholarships and public commissions or to acquire his own studio. After three years, however, he was told that his works expressed a view of life that contradicted the conclusions of the 14th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and his support was terminated. In the late 1950s, he became interested in material abstraction and was one of a group of artists who later held the first unofficial studio exhibition, called ''Confrontation'' in Jiří Valenta's studio. The second of these exhibitions took place in the autumn of 1960 in the newly acquired basement studio of Aleš Veselý in Žižkov. In 1960, a congress of the international association of art critics AICA was held in Warsaw, whose participants then visited Prague. The hastily organised visit to the studios appealed to Pierre Restany, who, together with some others, published a series of articles on modern
Czech art Czech art is the visual and plastic arts that have been created in the present day Czech Republic and the various states that occupied the Czech lands in the preceding centuries. The Czech lands have produced artists that have gained recognitio ...
in the magazines ''Kunstwerk'' and ''Cimaise''. At the beginning of the 1960s, when the regime was partially relaxed, Aleš Veselý had his first solo exhibition at the Young Artists Gallery of
Umělecká beseda The Umělecká beseda was a Czech artists' forum, bringing together creative artists in literature, music and fine art. First founded in 1863, it formed an important part of Czech cultural life in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Under Comm ...
(1963). This was followed by the ground-breaking ''Exhibition D'' at the Nová síň Gallery in 1964, where the leading protagonists of Czech Informel presented themselves as mature individuals and their differentiation of opinion became fully apparent. Aleš Veselý exhibited his sculptures ''Chair-Usurper'' and ''Enigmatic Objects'' there. The following year he received the Critics' Prize at the
Biennale de Paris The ''Biennale de Paris'' (English: Paris Biennale) is a noted French art festival. History The 'Biennale de Paris' was launched by Raymond Cogniat in 1959 and set up by André Malraux as he was Minister of Culture to present an overview of young ...
. In 1967, after Aleš Veselý's father died in May, he and seven other sculptors were invited to the first ''Symposium of Spatial Forms'' in
Ostrava Ostrava (; pl, Ostrawa; german: Ostrau ) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic, and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region. It has about 280,000 inhabitants. It lies from the border with Poland, at the confluences of four riv ...
. His stay in the steelworks, where he had an unlimited amount of material at his disposal and where he created seven sculptures, was gradually extended by the organisers of the symposium until 1968 and was only ended by the Invasion of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact troops on 21 August 1968. His most famous sculpture, ''
Kaddish Kaddish or Qaddish or Qadish ( arc, קדיש "holy") is a hymn praising God that is recited during Jewish prayer services. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. In the liturgy, different version ...
'', which he saw as his personal prayer for his deceased father, was created there. He then returned to
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and List of cities in the Czech Republic, largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 milli ...
, where his daughter Jana was born from his first marriage (1968). In 1969 he participated in the exhibition ''Sculpture and the City'' in Liberec and received the
Matthias Braun Matthias Bernard Braun (Czech: ''Matyáš Bernard Braun'', 24 February 1684 in Sautens near Innsbruck – 15 February 1738 in Prague) was a sculptor and carver active in the Czech lands, one of the most prominent late baroque style sculptors ...
Award from the international jury for his sculpture ''
Kaddish Kaddish or Qaddish or Qadish ( arc, קדיש "holy") is a hymn praising God that is recited during Jewish prayer services. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. In the liturgy, different version ...
'' (named ''Prayer for the Deceased'' for the exhibition). His sculptures, including the "Chair-Usurper", were purchased by the
National Gallery in Prague The National Gallery Prague ( cz, Národní galerie Praha, NGP), formerly the National Gallery in Prague (), is a state-owned art gallery in Prague, which manages the largest collection of art in the Czech Republic and presents masterpieces of Cze ...
Aleš Veselý, Chair - Usurper, National Gallery Prague
/ref> in the same year. The exhibition of the sculpture ''Prayer for the Dead'' evoked unintended connotations at the time when
Jan Palach Jan Palach (; 11 August 1948 – 19 January 1969) was a Czech student of history and political economics at Charles University in Prague. His self-immolation was a political protest against the end of the Prague Spring resulting from the 1968 in ...
burned himself to death. At the beginning of the so-called normalization in 1970, Aleš Veselý was among the artists who were persecuted by the regime, lost the possibility to exhibit or bid for public commissions. He had to hastily take care of the rescue of the ''
Kaddish Kaddish or Qaddish or Qadish ( arc, קדיש "holy") is a hymn praising God that is recited during Jewish prayer services. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. In the liturgy, different version ...
'', which was threatened with scrapping. Other sculptures were temporarily placed in a welding workshop on the outskirts of Prague before he managed to acquire a demolished mill and fenced-off land in the village of Středokluky. While moving the sculptures in early 1971, he suffered a
heart attack A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which ma ...
. In 1972, for unexplained reasons, his wife committed suicide by jumping from a window, seriously injuring their daughter Jana. In the 1970s, he withdrew into isolation in his studio in Středokluky, and in this timelessness, paradoxically, he experienced absolute freedom of creation because he could not expect to exhibit the works. Until 1982, he was a member of the alternative music group ''Frog's Slime'', which also participated in the ''Prague Jazz Days'' and recorded several pieces of improvised industrial jazz in the sound studio of the Atelier Theatre (now the seat of the Ypsilon Theatre). The recordings were released on two CDs by Guerilla Records. In the late 1970s he was invited to participate in a sculpture symposium in Bochum and was given permission to travel. During his stay in Bochum in 1979, he received another offer and won a competition to execute another giant fifteen-ton sculpture in the city of Hamm the following year. In 1986, Aleš Veselý received an American scholarship from the
Soros Foundation Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is a grantmaking network founded and chaired by business magnate George Soros. Open Society Foundations financially supports civil society groups around the world, with a st ...
. His journey to the USA was preceded by several hours of interrogation by the State Security and intimidation, but he eventually got his passport back and was able to leave. On the recommendation of the French art theorist Pierre Restany, who visited the studio in Středokluky in the mid-1980s, Aleš Veselý was selected among the world artists who were invited to exhibit and create in
Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 of ...
during the Olympics (1988). His sculpture ''Testimony'' from 1968 was placed in the Olympic Park. After the fall of the communist regime, Aleš Veselý had his first exhibition in an official exhibition hall in 27 years (Nová síň Gallery, 4 June - 1 July 1990) and was also asked to take over teaching sculpture at the Prague Academy. He worked as the head of the monumental sculpture studio at the Academy from 1990-2006 and then for another three years at the University of J. E. Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem (2012-2015). In 1992 he had a major exhibition in the Ballroom of
Prague Castle Prague Castle ( cs, Pražský hrad; ) is a castle complex in Prague 1 Municipality within Prague, Czech Republic, built in the 9th century. It is the official office of the President of the Czech Republic. The castle was a seat of power for king ...
and adjacent gardens. During the 1990s he was frequently invited abroad (Germany, USA, Japan, Israel) and repeatedly exhibited in regional galleries. In 2005-2006, the Egon Schiele Art Centre in
Český Krumlov Český Krumlov (; german: Krumau, , or ''Böhmisch Krumau'') is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. The historic centre with the Český Krumlov Castle complex is protected by law as an urban monument reservation, and sin ...
held a retrospective exhibition of his work, and in 2009 his monumental sculptures were exhibited in
Litomyšl Litomyšl (; german: Leitomischl) is a town in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 9,900 inhabitants. It is former bishopric and Latin Catholic titular see. Litomyšl is known for the château-type castle ...
. On the occasion of the artist's 80th birthday in 2015, simultaneous exhibitions were held in four Prague galleries and in his studio in Středokluky. Aleš Veselý died unexpectedly on his 80th birthday in Prague in December 2015.


Scholarships

* 1995 Pollock-Krasner Foundation Grant,
Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...
, IL, USA * 1993 Arts Link Fellowship at The Fabric Workshop,
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, largest city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the List of United States cities by population, sixth-largest city i ...
, PA, USA * 1986 International Sculpture Center Fellowship,
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
, USA


Awards

* 1994 The Chicago Prize, John David Mooney Foundation,
Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...
, IL, USA * 1969
Matthias Braun Matthias Bernard Braun (Czech: ''Matyáš Bernard Braun'', 24 February 1684 in Sautens near Innsbruck – 15 February 1738 in Prague) was a sculptor and carver active in the Czech lands, one of the most prominent late baroque style sculptors ...
Prize for the ''Kaddish'' sculpture at the exhibition Sculpture and the City, Liberec * 1965 Critics' Prize for the sculpture ''Chair Usurper'' at the 4th
Biennale de Paris The ''Biennale de Paris'' (English: Paris Biennale) is a noted French art festival. History The 'Biennale de Paris' was launched by Raymond Cogniat in 1959 and set up by André Malraux as he was Minister of Culture to present an overview of young ...
, France


Work

Between 1953 and 1956, during his annual months-long stays in Sihelné, Aleš Veselý created hundreds of landscape drawings and psychological studies of the local inhabitants. Until 1959, his paintings, woodcuts and drawings featured spiritual landscapes and ghostly apparitions into which he transformed his life experiences and personal myths.Central european art database: Aleš Veselý
/ref> From 1959 he began to use natural materials such as stones, clay, sand and leaves in his entirely abstract paintings (the "Magma" series) and later also used found metal objects, which he fused with synthetic resin and treated with flame. At the end of the 1950s, Aleš Veselý was one of the most significant protagonists of the Czech Informel - a wave of abstract expression that responded to the social atmosphere and the Stalinist rape of art by turning to purely subjective work with a strong existential subtext. The work of the time was sharply opposed to the officially supported
socialist realism Socialist realism is a style of idealized realistic art that was developed in the Soviet Union and was the official style in that country between 1932 and 1988, as well as in other socialist countries after World War II. Socialist realism is c ...
and, with its reference to medieval mysticism and expressiveness, drew on the older tradition of
Czech art Czech art is the visual and plastic arts that have been created in the present day Czech Republic and the various states that occupied the Czech lands in the preceding centuries. The Czech lands have produced artists that have gained recognitio ...
from the Gothic through the Baroque to Surrealism. The source of abstraction was not a gradual simplification of the seen reality or an immediate record of intimate feelings as in the case of tachism or so-called
action painting Action painting, sometimes called "gestural abstraction", is a style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the canvas, rather than being carefully applied. The resulting work often emphasizes the physical a ...
. Abstraction, as understood by the creators of Czech Informel, started from nothing, it did not depict anything, but the work itself represented a new reality and the meaning resided in him alone. The artwork was an objectification of the artist's entire personality, a "psychophysical field" transformed into the surface of a painting or a three-dimensional object. The material objects, using the principle of assemblage, were deliberately non-colourful (a predominance of black, brown and natural colours of raw materials), made up of unusual materials (metal sheets, wood, textiles, plastic, asphalt, etc.), which were brutally destroyed and joined together with synthetic resin. The objects thus acquired an emotional urgency and the character of magical objects as if marked by the patina of time. The artist's intention was not a new aesthetic appreciation of these materials, devoid of their own content or value, but to use them to emphasize the underlying message. Between 1961 and 1963, a series of ''Stigmatic Objects'' were created - assemblage reliefs made of wood and metal, joined with synthetic resin and welding, which depict deep wounds and scars and are an expression of mental trauma rather than a physical wound. After the first exhibition, Aleš Veselý had the opportunity to realise the relief object ''Indetermination of the Circle and the Line'' for the
Czech Airlines Czech Airlines j.s.c. (abbreviation: ČSA, cz, České Aerolinie, a.s.) is the flag carrier of the Czech Republic. Its head office is located in the Vokovice area of Prague's 6th district and its hub is Václav Havel Airport Prague. The compa ...
in
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
in 1964. This was followed by mostly welded ''Enigmatic Objects'', some of which were intended as sculptures for open space. His ''Enigma of the Circle'' was installed in the old airport building in Prague-Ruzyně (1965). Parallel to the paintings and sculptures, numerous prints and paintings were created. At the beginning of the 1960s, mainly structural etchings and combinations of etchings with impressions of real objects (1962-1963), in the second half of the 1960s large-scale impressions of assemblages of metal objects in high relief, with traces of rust and dust (''Untitled imprints''). His abstract oil paintings from 1960-1962 were titled ''Destruction of Hidden Intentions''. Drawing studies for iron and concrete projects in the landscape, huge terraced phantastic buildings and a series of phantasmagoric drawings date from 1967-1970 (''Martyrium'', ''Inferno'', ''Plague Column'', ''Singing of Apocalyptic Birds'', etc.). In the second half of the 1960s, the imaginative and existential component of Aleš Veselý's work became stronger. In 1965, his ''Chair - Usurper'' was awarded the Critics' Prize at the
Biennale de Paris The ''Biennale de Paris'' (English: Paris Biennale) is a noted French art festival. History The 'Biennale de Paris' was launched by Raymond Cogniat in 1959 and set up by André Malraux as he was Minister of Culture to present an overview of young ...
. The participation of the subconscious in the creative process is here a source of meaningful ambivalence - the chair is both a tortured victim and a personification of the aggressive forces of destruction. According to the author, the detailed elaboration of the smaller sculptural objects concealed the danger that ornamentation would prevail and the power of expression would be lost. For this reason, the experience he gained during the ''Symposium of Spatial Forms'' in
Ostrava Ostrava (; pl, Ostrawa; german: Ostrau ) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic, and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region. It has about 280,000 inhabitants. It lies from the border with Poland, at the confluences of four riv ...
, while working on the monumental sculpture ''Kaddish'', was crucial for him. He realised that the large size suited him, freeing his imagination and allowing him to concentrate even in the busy traffic of the factory hall. At the same time, he came to terms with the necessity of working together with the welder who helped him in the realisation. The ''Kaddish'' sculpture was at the beginning of his later designs for large-scale sculptures and environmental projects. From the early 1970s onwards, he retreated into private life for long periods. He found refuge in Středokluky near Prague, where he bought a demolished mill in which he built a rural studio. During the second half of the 1970s, he created a number of expressive sculptural objects in the form of "Spatial Records" as welded assemblages of used metal and wooden parts (''Chairs, Seats, Beds, Wagons'', etc.). Around the house, an exhibition of his exterior sculptures was created, conceived directly for a specific location. In the late 1970s and early 1980s he managed to realize several monumental sculptures in public spaces in Germany ( Bochum, Ed Spranger School, Hamm). In Středokluky these were followed by the large-scale sculptures ''Basis'' (720 cm), 1982-1983 and ''Space point'' (1982-1990). The unrealised project of a giant arm with a spring and weight for the city of
Hattingen Hattingen is a town in the northern part of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. History Hattingen is located on the south bank of the River Ruhr in the south of the Ruhr region. The town was first mentioned in 1 ...
, which was also conceived as a sound generator, was at the beginning of the next phase of his work in the 1980s. A continued interest in music and activity in the group "Frog Slime" resulted in his own sound recording "Sounds of Sculptures" (1983). In the 1980s, Aleš Veselý created a series of large-scale studies in the form of "drawings by painting" on paper, which he regarded as complete works in their own right. In them he designed various, in general difficult to realise, giant buildings and sculptures. In the drawings, the principle of giant mechanisms that mediate the gravitational action of suspended loads and pendulums and counterbalance the tension of massive springs with rods, levers and arms of pendulums begins to emerge. The designs include sculptures incorporating natural rough stones and tree trunks (''Tree Trunk Through the Big Wheel'', 1993), giant compasses describing a trace in the landscape (1984), or large wheels that are prevented from moving by their associated load or asymmetrical anchorage. In the early 1990s, he first designed in drawings and later partially realized a series of gates and corridors in which passage is threatened or impeded by a suspended burden or a pile of stones. (''Passage under a boulder'', 1991, ''Passage through an avalanche'', 1991-1992, ''Three gates for Pinkas's alley'', 2004-2005). From 1991 there is also ''Cage'' (
National Gallery in Prague The National Gallery Prague ( cz, Národní galerie Praha, NGP), formerly the National Gallery in Prague (), is a state-owned art gallery in Prague, which manages the largest collection of art in the Czech Republic and presents masterpieces of Cze ...
), in which a huge steel plate is held by springs inside a rectangular structure made of wooden logs. A personal experience with Eastern culture, first in
Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 of ...
(1988) and later in Japan (''Double Bench'', Tokyo, 1994), as well as a trip to
Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
and a stay and exhibition in
Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...
(1994) marked a certain shift in Aleš Veselý's work towards environmental projects. Some of his designs are conceived as monumental interventions in the landscape that could only be observed from a high perspective (''Mountain of Mountains'', 2000-2003, ''Desert Project'', 2005). A constant subject of thought for Aleš Veselý has been the theme of gravity. Already the ''Kaddish'' sculpture was created in such a way that the main mass of the sculpture rested on high and relatively thin supports. During his stay in
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, largest city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the List of United States cities by population, sixth-largest city i ...
(1993), he designed a project in which a series of suspended transparent textile sheets with silk screen printing created the illusion of a huge boulder floating in space. In his later sculpture designs, he sought means of lifting the large mass of stone to a height and fixing it in such a way as to emphasise the effect of its weight (''Hovering Rock'', an idea for a desert project, 1995, ''Rock for One'', 1997, ''Lake Sculptures'', 2003, ''Kadesh Barnea Monument'', 2005, ''Mobile Babel'', 2005, ''The Law of Irreversibility'', 2015). Starting with the project ''Chamber of Light'' (1998-2000) in
Vilnius Vilnius ( , ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389 (according to the state register) or 625,107 (according to the municipality of Vilnius). The population of Vilnius's functional urb ...
and the design of the project ''Big Mirror'' (2000) for Oda Park in the Netherlands, Aleš Veselý often used the phenomenon of mirroring in his sculptures (''Touches and distance'', Brno, 2010, ''Entrance to the Law'', Gallery of Central Bohemian Region, Kutná Hora, 2014). A characteristic feature of Aleš Veselý's work is his striving for precision of expression. As he himself states in the interview, the definitiveness of the final form is subject to a heightened sensibility and capacity for reflection. An essential part of the process is continuous personal participation and the possibility to make changes up to the last moment, regardless of the complexity of the project. For the objects that were created in his studio, he considered the ideal state to be one where, without a specific intention to create a particular work of art, everything he touched was done in a state close to unconsciousness or nirvana. His sculptures have been placed in public spaces around the world (
Olympic Park, Seoul Seoul Olympic Park, shortened to Olpark, is an Olympic Park built to host the 1988 Summer Olympics. It is located in Bangi-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea. The two nearest subway stations are Mongchontoseong and Olympic Park. Competiti ...
; Faret Tachikawa,
Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and List of cities in Japan, largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, ...
; Terezin; Europos Parkas,
Vilnius Vilnius ( , ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389 (according to the state register) or 625,107 (according to the municipality of Vilnius). The population of Vilnius's functional urb ...
;
Wijk aan Zee Wijk aan Zee ( literally ''Neighborhood at Sea'') is a village on the coast of the North Sea in the municipality of Beverwijk, the province of North Holland of the Netherlands. The prestigious Tata Steel Chess Tournament (formerly called the Corus ...
,
Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
, Bochum, Hamm,
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
). The studio in Středokluky became a unique sculpture park during Aleš Veselý's lifetime, which should be perceived as a total work of art.


Sculptures in public space

* 2015 ''Gate of No Return'', Memorial of Silence, Prague Bubny * 2015 ''The Law of Irreversibility'', Terezín Crematorium * 2014 ''Entry into the Law'', Gallery of the Central Bohemian Region in Kutná Hora * 2010 ''Distance and Touches'', Masaryk University in Brno, stainless steel, stone, 300×560×150 cm * 1998-2001 ''Chamber of Light'', Europos Parkas,
Vilnius Vilnius ( , ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389 (according to the state register) or 625,107 (according to the municipality of Vilnius). The population of Vilnius's functional urb ...
, iron, steel and boulders, 777×430×430 cm * 2008 ''Holocaust Memorial'', in front of the former synagogue in Kutná Hora, stone, stainless steel, iron, 200×200×200 cm * 1999 ''Messenger'', Sculpture Park, Wijk aan Zee, steel and boulders, 530×376×609 cm * 1996 ''Memento'', sculpture from 1968 permanently installed in
Venray Venray or Venraij (; li, Venroj) is a municipality and a city in Limburg, the Netherlands. The municipality of Venray consists of 14 towns over an area of , with 43,494 inhabitants as of July 2016. About 30,000 of those inhabitants live in th ...
, stainless steel, h. 450 cm * 1995 ''Magen David'', Terezin Memorial, stainless steel, bronzed railway tracks, boulders, h. 560 cm * 1994 ''Doublebench'', Faret Tachikawa,
Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and List of cities in Japan, largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, ...
, stainless steel, diorite, 240 × 240 × 70 cm * 1988 ''Testimony'', 1968 sculpture permanently installed in the Olympic Park in
Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 of ...
, stainless steel, h. 280 cm * 1980 ''Ten'', welded stainless steel statue in front of Ed. Spranger, Hamm, h. 12 m * 1979 ''Iron Report'', city park, Bochum, set of three iron sculptures, I. 750 × 900 × 220 cm, II. 330 × 360 × 180 cm, III. 280 × 220 × 110 cm * 1973 ''Oven from Jericho'', Nové Sedlo near Karlovy Vary, stainless steel, 210 × 390 × 230 cm * 1967-68 ''Kaddish'', (originally in
Ostrava Ostrava (; pl, Ostrawa; german: Ostrau ) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic, and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region. It has about 280,000 inhabitants. It lies from the border with Poland, at the confluences of four riv ...
) from 1971 sculpture placed in the artist's studio in Středokluky, welded stainless steel, h. 710 cm * 1965 ''Enigma of the Circle'', Old Airport, Prague Ruzyně * 1963 ''Indetermination of the Circle and Straight Line'', CSA, via Bissolati,
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
, wood, iron and acronex (destroyed in 1994 with the knowledge of the Czech Embassy)


Gate of No return

On
9 March Events Pre-1600 * 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. * 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. *1226 &ndash ...
2015, a large sculpture entitled ''Gate of no return'' by Aleš Veselý was unveiled at Prague-Bubny railway station in the form of a 20-metre
rail Rail or rails may refer to: Rail transport *Rail transport and related matters *Rail (rail transport) or railway lines, the running surface of a railway Arts and media Film * ''Rails'' (film), a 1929 Italian film by Mario Camerini * ''Rail'' ( ...
raised to the sky (symbolizing
Jacob's Ladder Jacob's Ladder ( he, סֻלָּם יַעֲקֹב ) is a ladder leading to heaven that was featured in a dream the biblical Patriarch Jacob had during his flight from his brother Esau in the Book of Genesis (chapter 28). The significance of th ...
). The date of the unveiling of this installation is also a reminder of the night of 8-9 March 1944, when almost 4,000 prisoners of the so-called Terezín family camp were murdered in Oswiecim. The giant artefact stands at the site of the Jewish transports as a gate on the road through which they passed to the deportation trains. The sculpture carries the message that the station, marked by the tragic fate of Prague Jews (from here 50,000 Jewish citizens of Prague were deported to the
Theresienstadt Ghetto Theresienstadt Ghetto was established by the SS during World War II in the fortress town of Terezín, in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia ( German-occupied Czechoslovakia). Theresienstadt served as a waystation to the extermination ca ...
and other concentration camps between 1941 and 1945), is ready for its planned reconstruction into a ''Memorial of Silence'' as a memorial to the victims of the
Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...
.


Representation in collections

*
Guggenheim Museum The Guggenheim Museums are a group of museums in different parts of the world established (or proposed to be established) by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. Museums in this group include: Locations Americas * The Solomon R. Guggenhei ...
, New York, USA * Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France * Galleria degli Uffizi, Firenze, Italy * Sculpture Collection - Olympic Park, Seoul, South Korea * Runnymede Sculpture Farm, Woodside, California, USA *
Albertina The Albertina is a museum in the Innere Stadt (First District) of Vienna, Austria. It houses one of the largest and most important print rooms in the world with approximately 65,000 drawings and approximately 1 million old master prints, as well ...
, Vienna, Austria *
Museum Folkwang Museum Folkwang is a major collection of 19th- and 20th-century art in Essen, Germany. The museum was established in 1922 by merging the Essener Kunstmuseum, which was founded in 1906, and the private Folkwang Museum of the collector and patr ...
, Essen, Germany * Museum Bochum, Germany * Gustav-Lübcke-Museum, Hamm, Germany *
French National Library French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
, Paris, France * Museum of Central Pomerania, Słupsk, Poland *
National Gallery The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current Director ...
, Prague * Central European Forum Olomouc * Prague City Gallery * Museum of the Capital City of Prague *
Jewish Museum A Jewish museum is a museum which focuses upon Jews and may refer seek to explore and share the Jewish experience in a given area. List of Jewish museums Notable Jewish museums include: *Albania ** Solomon Museum, Berat *Australia ** Jewish Mu ...
, Prague * Czech Museum of Fine Arts in Prague *
Museum Kampa Museum Kampa is a modern art gallery in Prague, Czech Republic, showing Central European, and in particular Czech work. The pieces are from the private collection of Meda Mládek, wife of Jan V. Mládek. The museum opened in 2003 and is housed ...
, Prague * Galerie Zlatá Husa, Prague *
Moravian Gallery in Brno The Moravian Gallery in Brno ( cs, Moravská galerie v Brně) is the second largest art museum in the Czech Republic, established in 1961 by merging of two older institutions. It is situated in five buildings: Pražák Palace, Governor's Palace, ...
* Museum of Fine Arts,
Olomouc Olomouc (, , ; german: Olmütz; pl, Ołomuniec ; la, Olomucium or ''Iuliomontium'') is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 99,000 inhabitants, and its larger urban zone has a population of about 384,000 inhabitants (2019). Located on t ...
* Regional galleries: Hradec Králové, Hluboká nad Vltavou, Cheb, Klatovy-Klenová, Liberec, Louny, Ostrava, Pardubice, Plzeň, Roudnice nad Labem, Ostrov nad Ohří, Terezín * Private collections: USA, Canada, Japan, Israel, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Austria, Czech Republic


Solo exhibitions (selection)

* 2016 ''No Beginning, No End - A Tribute to Aleš Veselý'',
Museum Kampa Museum Kampa is a modern art gallery in Prague, Czech Republic, showing Central European, and in particular Czech work. The pieces are from the private collection of Meda Mládek, wife of Jan V. Mládek. The museum opened in 2003 and is housed ...
, Prague 1, February 2 - 28, 2016No Beginning, No End - A Tribute to Ales Vesely - 1935 - 2015
on Museum Kampa website
* 2015 four exhibitions on the artist's life anniversary ''Ales Vesely / No beginning, no end'' ** 1 ''Unknown Objects from the 1960s to Today'', Gallery 1st Floor, Prague, 3 September - 11 November 2015 ** 2 ''Graphics - Non-graphics (1960s, 1970s)'', Millennium Gallery, Prague, 11 September 2015 - 11 October 2015 ** 3 ''Visions and ideas from the last years'', Villa Pellé Gallery, Prague, 18 September - 11 November 2015 ** 4 ''Ideal projects realized and unrealized'', Galerie Zlatá husa, Prague, 30 September - 30 October 2015 * 2012 ''Codes and Intermingling'', Karlovy Vary Art Gallery, Karlovy Vary * 2011 ''Duration and Settling'', DOX Centre for Contemporary Art, Prague * 2010 ''Aleš Veselý: Disproportion of Dimensions - Fragments of Records'', Smečky Gallery, Prague * 2009 ''Aleš Veselý in Josef Pleskot's Spaces'', Litomyšl * 2007 ''Aleš Veselý'', East Bohemian Gallery, Pardubice * 2007 ''Aleš Veselý'', Klatovy/Klenová Gallery, Klenová * 2007 ''Older Objects and New Projects'', West Bohemian Gallery, Plzeň * 2006/07 ''Aleš Veselý'', Zlatá Husa Gallery, Prague * 2005/06 ''Selected works from 1959-2005'', Egon Schiele Art Centre, Český Krumlov * 2003 ''Infinite Point'', Carosso Fine Art, New York, USA * 2000 ''Big Mirror - Exhibition of a Landscape-Sculpture Project'', Oda Park, Venray, Netherlands * 2000 ''Utopie und Reflexion'', Panorama Museum, Bad Frankenhausen, Germany * 2000 ''Drawings and Projects'', Gallery of Fine Arts, Litoměřice * 1999 ''Obsession - Reality - Utopia'', State Gallery of Fine Arts, Ostrava * 1998 ''New Drawings for Sculptures Chicago'', International Currents Gallery - J.D. Mooney Foundation, USA * 1995 ''Messengers'', International Currents Gallery - J.D. Mooney Foundation, Chicago, IL., USA * 1994 Chicago International Art Exhibition, Chicago, IL., USA * 1993 Fabric Workshop and Museum, Philadelphia, PA., USA. * 1993 Deutsch-deutsches Museum, Mödlareuth, Germany * 1993 Galerie Christoph Dürr, Munich, Germany * 1992 Central European Gallery and Publishing House, Prague * 1992 ''Aleš Veselý: Point of Limit'', Ballrooom of the
Prague Castle Prague Castle ( cs, Pražský hrad; ) is a castle complex in Prague 1 Municipality within Prague, Czech Republic, built in the 9th century. It is the official office of the President of the Czech Republic. The castle was a seat of power for king ...
* 1990 ''Aleš Veselý'', Nová síň, Prague, 4 June - 1 July 1990 * 1990 Cultural Centre Opatov, Prague * 1988 Batuz Foundation, Schloss Schaumburg * 1985 ''Drawings by Painting'', Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague * 1984 The Melon Palace, Prague * 1980 Gustav-Lübcke-museum, Hamm, Germany * 1970 State Jewish Museum, Prague * 1969 ''Wiener Secession'', Vienna, Austria * 1965 Regional Gallery, Liberec * 1963 ''Stigmatic Objects'', Alšova síň, Prague


Works by Aleš Veselý in the Sculpture park of the National Gallery in Prague

File:Aleš Veselý, Zavěšené břemeno, 1968.jpg, Aleš Veselý, Suspended Weight, 1968 File:Aleš Veselý, Šikmý průřez šikmou osou, 1992-2009.jpg, Aleš Veselý, Skewed Cross-Section of a Skewed Axis, 1992-2009


References


Sources


Catalogues

* ''Ales Vesely'', 1963, Šmejkal F, cat. 8 p., ČFVU Praha * ''Aleš Veselý: 35 drawings'', Hartmann A, cat. 8 p., Spanish Synagogue, Prague 1970 * ''Aleš Veselý: Zeichnungen'', Wille Hans, cat. 24 p., Gustav-Lübcke-Museum, Hamm 1980 * ''Aleš Veselý: Colour drawings - sketches - plastic objects. Working exhibition as an attempt at information'', 1984, Erben V et al., cat. 284 p., House at the Golden Melon, Prague 1984 * ''Aleš Veselý'', Juříková M, Klimešová M, cat. 2 p., Opatov gallery 1986 * ''Ales Vesely'', Rousová Hana, cat. 2 p., Galerie 55, Kladno 1987 * ''Aleš Veselý'', Mládková Meda, Ronte Dieter, cat. 18 p., for exhibitions in Buenos Aires and Schaumburg, 1988 * ''Aleš Veselý'', Raimanová Ivona, cat. 28 p., for exhibitions in the New Hall, GVU Kladno 1990 * ''Aleš Veselý : Point of Limit'', Messer T et al., exhibition catalogue (96 p.), Prague Castle, Prague, 1992 * ''Aleš Veselý: Obsession, Reality, Utopia'', Hlaváček J et al., cat. 80 p., OGV Jihlava 1998 * ''Aleš Veselý : Infinite Point'', Kotík Charlotta et al., exhibition catalogue (88 p.), Carosso Fine Art, New York 2003, * ''Aleš Veselý: Tři brány / Three gates'', Hájková M, Pavlát L, cat. 32 p., Robert Guttmann Gallery, Prague 2005 * ''Aleš Veselý'', Machalický J, cat. 12 p., Museum Montanelli, s.r.o., Praha 2006 * ''Ales Vesely: New Projects and Older Objects (1957 - 2007)'', Neumann I, cat. 40 p., West Bohemian Gallery in Pilsen 2007, * ''Aleš Veselý: Litomyšl 2009'', Netopil P et al., cat. 100 p., Smetanova Litomyšl, o.p.s., Litomyšl 2009 * ''Aleš Veselý: Disproportion of Dimensions - Fragments of Records'', Hubáčková V, cat. 16 p., Gallery, spol. s r.o. (Jaroslav Kořán), Prague 2010 * ''Aleš Veselý: Trvání a setrvání / Permanence and inertia'', cat. 6 p., DOX, Centre for Contemporary Art, Prague 2011 * ''Aleš Veselý: Bez začátku, bez konce / Without Beginning, Without End'', catalogue for the anniversary exhibitions of Galerie Millenium, Gallery 1st Floor, Galerie Zlatá Husa, Vila Pellé, Prague 2015


Other

* Quatrième biennale de Paris, 1965, Šerých Jaroslav, cat. collective, 207 p., IV. Biennale de Paris, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris (ARC) * Sculpture and the City, 1969, Moulis J et al., 114 p., Secretariat of the exhibition Sculpture and the City, Liberec * Mahulena Nešlehová (ed.), Czech Informel. Pioneers of Abstraction 1957-1964, Prague City Gallery 1991 * Restany Pierre: Aleš Veselý, Visionnaire de la modernité industrielle / Aleš Veselý a visionary of industrial modernity, Galerie Pallas, 1994 * Michal Schonberg, ''Walk through the gate! Interviews with Aleš Veselý'', Torst. * Marcel Fišer, Art Symposia in the 1960s, dissertation, Faculty of Arts and UDU, Charles University Prague 2011


External links


Database of the National Library: Veselý Aleš

Information system abART: Aleš Veselý

Výtvarnické konfese / Artist´s Confessions, directed by Petr Skala, Czech TV

Old Masters: Aleš Veselý

Tvar, rozhovor V. Zadrobílka s Alešem Veselým / interview of V. Zadrobílek with Aleš Veselý

Artlist: Aleš Veselý

R.I.P. Aleš Veselý

Europos Parkas

Beeldenpark Een Zee van Staal, YouTube video of the preparation and installation of Aleš Veselý's sculpture

''Kódy a prolínání'' v GU Karlovy Vary / ''Codes and Intermingling'' in GU Karlovy Vary, Czech radio Vltava 6.8.2012

Aleš Veselý: Sochy jsou jako zhmotnělé myšlenky Aleš Veselý: Sculptures are like materialized thoughts TOPZINE.cz
{{DEFAULTSORT:Veselý, Aleš 1935 births 2015 deaths 20th-century sculptors 21st-century Czech sculptors Czech artists Czech male sculptors Academy of Fine Arts, Prague alumni