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Jan Palach
Jan Palach (; 11 August 1948 – 19 January 1969) was a Czech student of history and political economics at Charles University in Prague. His self-immolation was a political protest against the end of the Prague Spring resulting from the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Warsaw Pact armies. Death In August 1968, the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia to crush the liberalising reforms of Alexander Dubček's government during what was known as the Prague Spring. Prague-born Palach decided to sacrifice himself in protest of the invasion and set himself on fire, in Wenceslas Square, on 16 January 1969. According to a letter he sent to several public figures, an entire clandestine resistance organization had been established with the purpose of practising self-immolation until their demands were met; however, it seems that such a group never existed. The demands declared in the letter were the abolition of censorship and a halt to the distribution of ''Zprávy'', the officia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prague
Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate oceanic climate, with relatively warm summers and chilly winters. Prague is a political, cultural, and economic hub of central Europe, with a rich history and Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architectures. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably Charles IV (r. 1346–1378). It was an important city to the Habsburg monarchy and Austro-Hungarian Empire. The city played major roles in the Bohemian and the Protestant Reformations, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era. Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions, many of which survived the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Dubček
Alexander Dubček (; 27 November 1921 – 7 November 1992) was a Slovak politician who served as the First Secretary of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) (''de facto'' leader of Czechoslovakia) from January 1968 to April 1969. He attempted to reform the communist government during the Prague Spring but was forced to resign following the Warsaw Pact invasion in August 1968. During his leadership under the slogan "Socialism with a human face", Czechoslovakia lifted censorship on the media and liberalized society, fueling the so-called New Wave in filmography and paving the way for a period that became known as the Prague Spring. However, Dubček was put under pressure by Stalinists inside the party, as well as the Soviet leadership, who opposed the direction the country was taking and feared that Czechoslovakia could loosen ties with the Soviet Union and become more westernized. As a result, the country was invaded by Soviet- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fall Of Communism
The Revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, was a revolutionary wave that resulted in the end of most communist states in the world. Sometimes this revolutionary wave is also called the Fall of Nations or the Autumn of Nations, a play on the term Spring of Nations that is sometimes used to describe the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe. It also led to the eventual breakup of the Soviet Union—the world's largest communist state—and the abandonment of communist regimes in many parts of the world, some of which were violently overthrown. The events, especially the fall of the Soviet Union, drastically altered the world's balance of power, marking the end of the Cold War and the beginning of the post-Cold War era. The earliest recorded protests were started in Kazakhstan, then part of the Soviet Union, in 1986 with the student demonstrations — the last chapter of these revolutions is considered to be in 1993 when Cambodia enacted a new Constitution in whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ryszard Siwiec
Ryszard Siwiec (; 7 March 1909 – 12 September 1968) was a Polish accountant and former Home Army resistance member who was the first person to commit suicide by self-immolation in protest against the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. Although his act was captured by a motion picture camera, Polish press omitted any mention of the incident, which was successfully suppressed by the authorities. Siwiec prepared his plan alone, and few people realized what he tried to achieve with his sacrifice. His story remained mostly forgotten until the fall of communism, when it was first recounted in a documentary film by Polish director Maciej Drygas. Since then, Siwiec has been posthumously awarded a number of Czech, Slovak, and Polish honors and decorations. Siwiec's death foreshadowed the much better known self-immolation of Jan Palach in Prague four months later. Siwiec was the first person from Central and Eastern Europe to self-immolate in protest of the invasion. Biography Siwi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Márton Moyses
Marton may refer to: Places England * Marton, Blackpool, district of Blackpool, Lancashire * Marton, Bridlington, area of Bridlington in the East Riding of Yorkshire * Marton, Cheshire, village and civil parish in Cheshire * Marton, Cumbria, village in Cumbria * Marton, East Riding of Yorkshire, hamlet in the East Riding of Yorkshire * Marton, Harrogate, village in North Yorkshire * Marton, Lincolnshire, village in Lincolnshire * Marton, Middlesbrough, suburb of Middlesbrough * Marton, Myddle, Broughton and Harmer Hill, a location in Shropshire * Marton, Ryedale, village in North Yorkshire * Marton, Shropshire or Marton-in-Chirbury, village in Shropshire * Marton, Warwickshire, village in Warwickshire * Marton-in-the-Forest, North Yorkshire * Marton-le-Moor, village in North Yorkshire * Long Marton, parish of Eden, Cumbria * Whitegate and Marton, parish of Vale Royal, Cheshire Elsewhere * Marton, New Zealand, town in the Manawatu-Wanganui region * Marton, Queensland, town in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sándor Bauer
Sándor is a Hungarian given name and surname. It is the Hungarian form of Alexander. It may refer to: People Given name * Sándor Apponyi (1844–1925) was a Hungarian diplomat, bibliophile, bibliographer and great book collector * Sándor Boldogfai Farkas (1907–1970), was a Hungarian nobleman, a Hungarian sculptor, medalist *Sándor Bródy (footballer) (1884–1944), Jewish-Hungarian soccer player *Sándor Bródy (writer) (1863–1924) *Sándor Csányi (banker) (born 1953), CEO of OTP Bank Group *Sándor Csányi (actor) (born 1975), Hungarian actor * Sandor Earl (born 1989), New Zealand born rugby league player *Sándor Erdős (born 1947), Hungarian Olympic champion épée fencer *Sándor Fábry (born 1953), Hungarian comedian, talk show host, and writer * Vitéz Sándor Farkas de Boldogfa (1880–1946) was a Hungarian nobleman, colonel, captain of the Order of Vitéz of the county of Zala, knight of the Order of the Austrian Iron Crown *Sándor Fazekas (born 1963), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jihlava
Jihlava (; german: Iglau) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 50,000 inhabitants. Jihlava is the capital of the Vysočina Region, situated on the Jihlava River on the historical border between Moravia and Bohemia. Historically, Jihlava is the oldest mining town in the Czech Republic, older than Kutná Hora. The historic centre of Jihlava is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation. Administrative division Jihlava is made up of 17 administrative parts: *Jihlava *Horní Kosov *Staré Hory *Antonínův Důl *Červený Kříž *Helenín *Henčov *Heroltice *Hosov *Hruškové Dvory *Kosov *Pávov *Popice *Pístov *Sasov *Vysoká *Zborná Etymology The origin of the city's name (Iglau in German) is unclear. Most common theory has it derived from the German word ''Igel'', meaning "hedgehog", usually in reference to the city's coat of arms. However, the name was in use since before the symbol of a hedgehog was. It is more likely the city is na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evžen Plocek
Evžen Plocek (29 October 1929, Jihlava – 9 April 1969, Jihlava) was a Czech man (reform communist) who committed suicide by self-immolation as a political protest. He is usually named together with Jan Palach and Jan Zajíc whose self-immolations were similar political protests as Plocek's, but his death did not bring the same attention as the death of his predecessors. Death Evžen Plocek was a toolmaker by trade, but by 1968 had become deputy director of the car-parts company Motorpal and a candidate to the extraordinary meeting of the Czech Communist Party (see Prague Spring). On Good Friday, 4 April 1969, several months after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968, Plocek set himself on fire in Míru Square (now called Masarykovo Square) in Jihlava in protest at what he saw as Soviet aggression. His was the fourth suicide by self-immolation after an accountant, Ryszard Siwiec, set himself on fire in Warsaw on 8 September 1968 dying four days later in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Zajíc
Jan Zajíc (July 3, 1950 – February 25, 1969) was a Czech student who committed suicide by self-immolation as a political protest. He was a student of the Střední průmyslová škola železniční (Industrial Highschool of Railways) technical college in Šumperk, specializing in railroads, and was also interested in poetry and humanities. In 1969 he took part in a hunger strike and a commemoration ceremony by students for Jan Palach near the statue of Saint Wenceslas in Prague. On the day of the twenty-first anniversary of the Communist takeover (25 February 1969), he travelled to Prague accompanied by three other students. His intention was to warn the public against the forthcoming political "normalization" of the country. He had several letters challenging the people to fight against the Warsaw Pact's military occupation of Czechoslovakia. Around 1:30 in the afternoon he walked into the passageway of the building at No. 39 on Wenceslas Square and ignited his chemical-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaroslava Moserová
MUDr. Jaroslava Moserová, DrSc. (born 17 January 1930, Prague, died 24 March 2006, Prague) was a Czech senator, ambassador, presidential candidate, doctor, and translator. Biography Moserová was born into a Czech-Jewish family in Prague. She was originally a physician with a specialization in skin burns. She was the first doctor to attempt treatment for Jan Palach after his self-immolation on 16 January 1969. She wrote a number of stories, screenplays, dramas, and translated over forty books by Dick Francis into Czech. She entered politics in 1990 as chairwomen of the committee of science, education and culture. In 1991–1993, she was the ambassador of Czechoslovakia in Australia and New Zealand. From 1996–1999 she was vice-President of the Senate of the Czech Republic. In 1999, she became president of the General Session of UNESCO. At the 2003 presidential election she unsuccessfully ran for president of the Czech Republic. French President Jacques Chirac honored her as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
