Aldudes (; ) is a

commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

in the

Pyrénées-Atlantiques Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; eu, Pirinio Atlantiarrak or ) is a department in the southwest corner of France and of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlanti ...

department Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military *Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...

in the

Nouvelle-Aquitaine Nouvelle-Aquitaine (; oc, Nòva Aquitània or ; eu, Akitania Berria; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Novéle-Aguiéne'') is the largest administrative region in France, spanning the west and southwest of the mainland. The region was created by t ...

region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...

in southwestern

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

. It is located in the former province of

Lower Navarre Lower Navarre ( eu, Nafarroa Beherea/Baxenabarre; Gascon/Bearnese: ''Navarra Baisha''; french: Basse-Navarre ; es, Baja Navarra) is a traditional region of the present-day French ''département'' of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. It corresponds to the ...

. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Aldulais'' or ''Aldudar''.

Geography

Location

The village Aldudes is part of ''Le

Pays Quint ''Quinto Real'' (French: ''Pays Quint'', Basque: ''Kintoa'') is a Spanish territory with exclusive rights of use by France on the border between the two countries, in the Pyrenees mountains, in northeastern Navarre. Places Toponymy For the arc ...

'' (''Kintoa'' in

Basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ...

or ''Quinto Real'' in

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Cana ...

). The commune is an area of pasture belonging to Spain but cultivated by French farmers. It is located in the Aldudes valley on the banks of the Nive des Aldudes in the

province of

. It is on the Spanish border some 20 km southwest of

Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port (literally "Saint John t theFoot of hePass"; eu, Donibane Garazi; es, San Juan Pie de Puerto) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It is close to Ostabat in the Pyrenean foothi ...

although it can not be directly accessed from there.

Access

Access is by the D948 road from Saint-Etienne-de-Baigorry in the north, which passes through the village then continues south to

Urepel Urepel () is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre. See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department The following is a list of the 546 ...

. The D58 road goes from the village through the length of the commune before continuing to Spain through Urepel commune. The Spanish border of

Navarre Navarre (; es, Navarra ; eu, Nafarroa ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre ( es, Comunidad Foral de Navarra, links=no ; eu, Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea, links=no ), is a foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, ...

forms the southwestern and northeastern borders of the commune.Google Maps
/ref>

Hydrography

Located in the watershed of the

Adour The Adour (; eu, Aturri; oc, Ador) is a river in southwestern France. It rises in High-Bigorre (Pyrenees), in the commune of Aspin-Aure, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) near Bayonne. It is long, of which the uppermost ca. i ...

, Aldudes is traversed by the Nive d'Aldudes with its many tributaries, such as the Urbeltch Labiaringo erreka, the Aktieltako erreka, and numerous unnamed streams. Paul Raymond mentioned the ''Autrin'', a stream which rises in Aldudes and joins the Nive des Aldudes.

Localities and hamlets

* Abanjo * Abrakou * Achtieta * Aguerréa * Ahadilépo * Alachontro * Alamontcho * Alasta * Alastagaraya * Ametzlépo * Antonénéa * Aranbelea * Arrokia * Asketa * Atabala * Aucho * Autrin * Auzkia * Barbachuri * Baztanchuria * Behorsubuztan * Berha * Bidartea * Chabadinénéa * Chalosa * Chekalebeherea * Chekalegaraya * Chiloénéa * Chotro * Chotroenborda * Domingoénéa * Egnauténéa * Elgartéa * Elhocady * Elichaga * Erremedio * Errienta * Esnazu (or Eznazu, or ''Esnaratsu'' on the

Cassini Map The Cassini Map or Academy's Map is the first topographic and geometric map made of the Kingdom of France as a whole. It was compiled by the Cassini family, mainly César-François Cassini (Cassini III) and his son Jean-Dominique Cassini (Ca ...

) * Etcheberria * Etchemendia * Ferranjagaraya * Hachketa * Haritzchilo * Harribeltzia * Iguxkagerrea (or Iguchkaguerrea) * Joanessénéa * Joangnakei * Koche * Koskartéa * Koskarteko Borda * Koskorziloa * Landart * Lechaka * Lekuederra (or Lekuederrea) * Col de Lepeder * Luichénéa * Mahatcheta * Makurea * Manechuna * Marquitchaénéa * Martinénéa * Mate * Meharroztegui (Pass, 738m)) * Menementa * Miguelartzaina * Miguelénéa * Munichta * Munichtagaraya * Murruoin * Nobléa * Oliopitchar * Otsachar * Ohhanburua * Otsanhaitz * Oyhanzelhaya * Paratzelhaï * Patchiko * Pilaria * Pocomotzénéa * Poko * Le Pont Romain * Predotinéa * Premundoa * Pritchia * Sabina * Salaria * Sallaberria * Sarahandia * Sarahandiko Ithurria * Sarkindéa * Semeder * Soldadoénéa * Ttattola * Turrieta * Uhaldéa * Urrichka * Zelhaybeguia Géoportail

IGN ''IGN'' (formerly ''Imagine Games Network'') is an American video game and entertainment media website operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis, Inc. The company's headquarters is located in San Francisco's SoMa distri ...

Toponymy

The name of the commune in Basque is ''Aldude''. Aldudes was also the name given to the entire valley bordering the Baigorry Valley and the Spanish border. Jean-Baptiste Orpustan proposes the construction ''ald(a)-uhide'' meaning "the path beside the water". According to Ernest Nègre however, the name ''Aldudes'' is a contraction of the

basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ...

''Aldubide'' meaning "way to the summits" from the root ''aldu'' meaning "heights" and ''bide'' meaning "way".Ernest Nègre, ''General Toponymy of France'', Librairie Droz, 1990, , No. 19228 The

romanisation Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and ...

into ''Aldudes'' is actually a plural. The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune. Sources: *Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan,
'' New Basque Toponymy''
ref name="Orpustan">Jean-Baptiste Orpustan,
''New Basque Toponymy''
Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, *Mérimée: Ministry of Culture Mérimée database: Presentation of the Commune ), *

Raymond Raymond is a male given name. It was borrowed into English from French (older French spellings were Reimund and Raimund, whereas the modern English and French spellings are identical). It originated as the Germanic ᚱᚨᚷᛁᚾᛗᚢᚾᛞ ( ...

:''
''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 Origins: Camara: Titles of Camara de ComptosTitles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda - ''Diccionario de Antiguedades del reino de Navarra'', 1840,

Pamplona Pamplona (; eu, Iruña or ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain. It is also the third-largest city in the greater Basque cultural region. Lying at near above ...

History

The commune originated in the 16th century when young noblemen of the Baigory family founded the village which, by the ancient Basque succession rule, reserved the legacy of the family

house A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air condi ...

exclusively to the eldest child. The parish was established in 1793.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Inter-communality

The commune of Aldudes participates in five intercommunal organisations: *the

Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque The communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque ( eu, Euskal Hirigune Elkargoa), is the ''communauté d'agglomération'', an intercommunal structure, centred on the cities of Bayonne and Biarritz. It is located in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques depa ...

*the intercommunal association for the development and management of the slaughterhouse of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port *the joint association of the watershed of the Nive *the association to support Basque culture *the energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Population

Economy

A fish farm is active on the road to

. Basque pig breeding is an activity in full revival in the Aldudes valley, under the leadership of the Technical Institute of Pork (ITP). The commune hosts the ''Ets Pierre Oteiza'' company (gourmet pork products) which is one of the fifty top agribusinesses in the department. It is part of the

Appellation d'origine contrôlée An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication primarily used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown, although other types of food often have appellations as well. Restrictions other than geographical boun ...

(AOC) zone of

Ossau-iraty Ossau-Iraty is an Occitan-Basque cheese made from sheep milk. Origin Ossau-Iraty or Esquirrou is produced in south-western France, in the Northern Basque Country and in Béarn. Its name reflects its geographical location, the Ossau Valley in Bé ...

Culture and heritage

Languages

According to the ''Map of the Seven Basque Provinces'', published in 1863 by Prince

Louis-Lucien Bonaparte Louis Lucien Bonaparte (4 January 1813 – 3 November 1891) was a French philologist. The third son of Napoleon's second surviving brother, Lucien Bonaparte, he spent much of his life outside France for political reasons. After a brief politica ...

, the dialect of Basque spoken in Aldudes is western

Lower Navarrese dialect Navarro-Labourdin or Navarro-Lapurdian ( eu, nafar-lapurtera) is a Basque dialect spoken in the Lower Navarre and Labourd (Lapurdi) former provinces of the French Basque Country (in the Pyrénées Atlantiques ''département''). It consists of t ...

Laxoa

In 1952 the square in front of the church and the town hall was converted into a playing field for "laxoa". This ancient game of basque pelote is played with leather gloves. At the entrance porch of the church is the target for the game.

Civil heritage

The commune contains a number of sites that are registered as historical monuments: *Houses and Farms (18th-19th century) *The Menementa Farm (1827)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée *The Iguxkagerrea Farm (18th century)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée *The Joalginenborda Farm (19th century)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée ;Other sites of interest *Cromlechs: There are three

Harrespil Harrespil is the Basque name, that can be translated by "stone circle", given to small megalithic monuments which abounds on mountains of the Basque Country in particular. They are also called baratz, a Basque word meaning "garden" and traditiona ...

s on the Argibel site. These are great circles of stone or "

menhir A menhir (from Brittonic languages: ''maen'' or ''men'', "stone" and ''hir'' or ''hîr'', "long"), standing stone, orthostat, or lith is a large human-made upright stone, typically dating from the European middle Bronze Age. They can be foun ...

s" for funerary purposes, dated from the 1st millennium BC. The

are notable due to their number (over 100 registered) and their witness to knowledge of ancient burial rites.

Religious Heritage

The commune has two religious sites that are registered as historical monuments: *The Chapel of the Assumption'' (1868) at a place called Eznazu has been listed on the Inventory of cultural heritage since 21 March 2003.Ministry of Culture, Mérimée It contains a

Retable A retable is a structure or element placed either on or immediately behind and above the altar or communion table of a church. At the minimum it may be a simple shelf for candles behind an altar, but it can also be a large and elaborate structur ...

and Statues (17th century) which are registered as historical objects. *The Parish Church of Notre-Dame (17th century) has a rosary which belonged to the Emperor Maximilian. ;Other religious sites of interest *Some

Hilarri Hilarri (from Basque ''hil'' 'dead' and ''harri'' 'stone') is the name given to disk-shaped funerary steles that are typical of the Basque Country. These funerary steles present a disc-shaped head facing the rising sun on a trapezoidal stand. ...

in the cemetery are from the 19th century - two from 1805.

Environmental heritage

*Palombière is the property of the association of the Baigorry Valley. This hunt at 500 metres above sea level was created in 1840 by the mayor of the town, Charles Schmarsow. Reorganized in 1880, it then passed into the hands of the Ospital family who still lead the hunt. The five Filetiers use five ''pantières'' or special nets and ten beaters to direct the pigeons to the nets.

Picture Gallery

File:Aldudes1.JPG, Church of Aldudes File:Esnazu.Iglesia.JPG, The Church File:Banca1.JPG, The Bank File:Saint Etienne de Baïgorry Salaisons.jpg, Salting along the Nive File:Saint Etienne de Baïgorry Nive Barrage.jpg, The Weir on the Nive File:Saint Etienne de Baïgorry Pont Romain (3).jpg, The Roman bridge on the Nive File:Saint Etienne de Baïgorry Pont Romain (1).jpg, The Roman Bridge File:Saint Etienne de Baïgorry Pont Romain (4).jpg, The Roman Bridge File:Urepel Nive des Alduldes2.jpg, The Urepel Bridge over the Nive File:Urepel Nive des Alduldes1.jpg, The Urepel Bridge File:Urepel Vallée.jpg, The Urepel Valley File:Porc basque elevage.JPG, A Basque pig farm File:Alduides.JPG, The War Memorial

Facilities

Education

The commune has a private primary school (Mendi-Alde).

Notable People linked to the commune

*Georges Lacombe, born 31 January 1879 in

Orthez Orthez (; eu, Ortheze; oc, Ortès, ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, and region of New Aquitaine, southwestern France. It lies 40 km NW of Pau on the Southern railway to Bayonne. The town also encompasses the sma ...

and died July 1947 in Paris, was a

linguist Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...

, bascologuue, and Basque French academic. On the eve of the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

he prepared, with the help of Dr. Jean Etchepare,Centenario de Euskaltzaleen Biltzarra
/ref> a doctorate in Letters on the Aldudes dialect. *Bernard Delhom, born in 1885 in Aldudes, was the oldest man in France from 30 December 1995 to 7 February 1996 when he died in Paris at the age of 110 years and 213 days *

Jean-Baptiste Urrutia Jean-Baptiste Urrutia (born 6 November 1901, Les Aduldes, Basses-Pyrénées, France – died 15 January 1979, Montbeton, France) was a French Roman Catholic missionary from the Paris Foreign Missions Society. He was an attendee at the Second V ...

, born in 1901 at Aldudes and died in

Montbeton Montbeton () is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France. Population See also *Communes of the Tarn-et-Garonne department The following is a list of the 195 communes of the Tarn-et-Garonne dep ...

, was a missionary in

Indochina Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula or Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west an ...

and Bishop of

Huế Huế () is the capital of Thừa Thiên Huế province in central Vietnam and was the capital of Đàng Trong from 1738 to 1775 and of Vietnam during the Nguyễn dynasty from 1802 to 1945. The city served as the old Imperial City and admi ...

during the

Indochina War The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina from 19 December 1946 to 20 July 1954 between France and Việt Minh (Democratic Republic of Vi ...

and the

Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...

Notes

References

External links

Aldude in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia
(Euskomedia Fundazioa)

{{authority control Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Lower Navarre