Agardite is a mineral group consisting of agardite-(Y), agardite-(Ce), agardite-(Nd), and agardite-(La). They comprise a group of minerals that are hydrous hydrated
arsenate
The arsenate ion is .
An arsenate (compound) is any compound that contains this ion. Arsenates are salts or esters of arsenic acid.
The arsenic atom in arsenate has a valency of 5 and is also known as pentavalent arsenic or As(V).
Arsenate resem ...
s of
rare-earth element
The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or (in context) rare-earth oxides or sometimes the lanthanides (yttrium and scandium are usually included as rare earths), are a set of 17 nearly-indistinguishable lustrous silve ...
s (REE) and
copper
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from la, cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkis ...
, with the general chemical formula (REE,Ca)Cu
6(AsO
4)
3(OH)
6·3H
2O.
Yttrium
Yttrium is a chemical element with the symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a "rare-earth element". Yttrium is almost always found in com ...
,
cerium
Cerium is a chemical element with the symbol Ce and atomic number 58. Cerium is a soft, ductile, and silvery-white metal that tarnishes when exposed to air. Cerium is the second element in the lanthanide series, and while it often shows the +3 o ...
,
neodymium
Neodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is the fourth member of the lanthanide series and is considered to be one of the rare-earth metals. It is a hard, slightly malleable, silvery metal that quickly tarnishes i ...
,
lanthanum
Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes slowly when exposed to air. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lantha ...
, as well as trace to minor amounts of other REEs, are present in their structure. Agardite-(Y) is probably the most often found representative. They form needle-like yellow-green (variably hued) crystals in the
hexagonal
In geometry, a hexagon (from Greek , , meaning "six", and , , meaning "corner, angle") is a six-sided polygon. The total of the internal angles of any simple (non-self-intersecting) hexagon is 720°.
Regular hexagon
A '' regular hexagon'' has ...
crystal system
In crystallography, a crystal system is a set of point groups (a group of geometric symmetries with at least one fixed point). A lattice system is a set of Bravais lattices. Space groups are classified into crystal systems according to their po ...
. Agardite minerals are a member of the
mixite structure group, which has the general chemical formula Cu
2+6''A''(''T''O
4)
3(OH)
6·3H
2O, where ''A'' is a REE, Al, Ca, Pb, or Bi, and ''T'' is P or As. In addition to the four agardite minerals, the other members of the mixite mineral group are
calciopetersite,
goudeyite,
mixite,
petersite-(Ce),
petersite-(Y),
plumboagardite, and
zálesíite.
Agardite-(Y) from the Bou Skour mine in Djebel Sarhro, Morocco was the first of the agardite-group minerals to be characterized. It was described by Dietrich in 1969 and was named after
Jules Agard, a
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
geologist
A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid, liquid, and gaseous matter that constitutes Earth and other terrestrial planets, as well as the processes that shape them. Geologists usually study geology, earth science, or geophysics, althou ...
at the Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Orléans, France. Agardite-group minerals have subsequently been found in
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
,
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
,
Greece
Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...
,
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
,
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
,
Namibia
Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ...
,
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
,
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
,
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
, the
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
, and the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
.
[Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), ''Minerals of California''; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 323.]
See also
*
List of minerals
This is a list of minerals for which there are articles on Wikipedia.
Minerals are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various ''species''. Within a m ...
References
{{reflist
Further reading
* Aufschluss 1977(5), 177–183.
* Steen, H. (2005): Ein Neufund von Agardit-(Y) aus Rotenbach im Feldberggebiet (südlicher Schwarzwald). Der Erzgräber 19, 70–72.
* Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001.*Wittern, A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald.
* Lapis 1985(11), 31–32.
* S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
* Walenta, K. and Theye, T. (2004): Agardit-(Ce) von der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald. Aufschluss 55, 17–23.
ith analysis of Johann material showing Nd > La
* Emser Hefte 15(3), 2–40 (1994).
* Heckmann, H. & Schertl, H.-P. (1990): Der Niederbergische Erzbergbau und seine Mineralien. Emser Hefte, 11 (2), 2–40.
* Pekov, I. V., Chukanov, N. V., Zadov, A. E., Voudouris, P., Magganas, A. and Katerinopoulos, A. (2010) Agardite-(Nd), IMA 2010-056. CNMNC Newsletter No. 7, February 2010, page 30; Mineralogical Magazine, 75, 27–31.
* Pekov, I. V., Chukanov, N. V., Zadov, A. E., Voudouris, P., Magganas, A., Katerinopoulos, A. (2011): Agardite-(Nd), NdCu
6(AsO
4)
3(OH)
6·3H
2O from the Hilarion Mine, Lavrion, Greece: mineral description and chemical relations with other members of the agardite-zálesíite solid-solution system. Journal of Geosciences, 56, 249–255.
* Ambrino, P., Brizio, P., Ciriotti, M. E., Finello, G., Marello, B. (2009). Minerali della pietra di Luserna. AMI. CD-ROM.
* Piccoli, G. C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
* Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi G., (1993): Sarrabus Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", 208 pp.
* Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G. A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 2, 192 pp.
* Olmi F., Sabelli C., Santucci, A., Brizzi, G. (1995): I silicati e i vanadati di Ozieri (SS). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2/1995, 145–160.
* Vecchi, F., Rocchetti, I., Gentile, P. (2013): Die Mineralien des Granits von Predazzo, Provinz Trient, Italien. Mineralien-Welt, 24(6), 98–117.
* Ricordo di Cristel Puecher da Roveda; F. Maiello, P. Ferretti; 2009*Rocchetti I., Gentile P. and Ferretti P. (2012): La Miniera di Frattasecca presso Malga Broi (Novaledo, Trentino-Alto Adige). Storia e nuove segnalazioni mineralogiche. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali, 92, p. 167–180.
* Bortolozzi G., Blass G., Boscardin M., Rocchetti I. and Ferretti P. (2013): La Miniera di Cinquevalli (Valsugana, Trentino-Alto Adige): aggiornamento sulle specie accertate negli ultimi anni. Studi Trent. Sci. Nat., 93, p. 149–165.
* Paolo Gasparetto, Erica Bittarello, Andrea Canal, Lara Casagrande, Marco E. Ciriotti, Bruno Fassina, Paolo Ferretti, Sergio Pegoraro, Fabio Tosato, Paolo Zammatteo (2014): I lavori minerari del Rio Ricet, Vignola, Falesina, Trento. Micro, 12, 50–123.
* Senesi, F. & Sabelli, C. (1999): Gli arseniati degli antichi scavi di Valle S. Caterina (Campiglia Marittima). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 23(1), 51–55.
* The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara.
* Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.).
* Jimenez R., Joda L., Jorda R., Prado P. (2004) - Madrid: la mineria metallica desde 1417 hasta nuestros dias. Bocamina, n°14, pp: 52–89.
* Tanago, J. G., Lozano, P. L., Larios, A., La Iglesia, A. (2012) Stokesite crystals from La Cabrera, Madrid, Spain. Mineralogical Record 43: 499–508.
* Collection of the Geominero Museum of Madrid; Tanago, J. G., Lozano, P. L., Larios, A., La Iglesia, A. (2012) Stokesite crystals from La Cabrera, Madrid, Spain. Mineralogical Record 43: 499–508.
* Meisser, N. (2012): La minéralogie de l'uranium dans le massif des Aiguilles Rouges. Matér. Géol. Suisse, Sér. géotech. 96, 183 p.
* Embrey & Symes, 1987, 40 – "Minerals of Cornwall and Devon"]; Peter G. Embrey (1978) Fourth Supplementary List of British Minerals. Mineralogical Magazine 42: 169–177.
* Cooper & Stanley, 1990, 76 – "Minerals of the English Lake district".
* Schultenite: Symes, R.F., Wirth, M., Mineral Mag. (1990), 54, p. 659.
* Mineralien Welt 1/93:44.
* Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp. 65–69.
* NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada; Rocks & Minerals (2010) 85: 512–524.
* Jensen, M. (1993): Update on the mineralogy of the Majuba Hill mine, Pershing County. Mineralogical Record. 24, 171–180.
* Natural History Museum Vienna collection; Jensen, M. (1993): Update on the mineralogy of the Majuba Hill mine, Pershing County. Mineralogical Record. 24, 171–180.
* R&M 77:5 p. 298–305.
* Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 4, 2000.
* Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996.
* Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8; Rocks and Minerals, 66:6, p. 453.
External links
RRUFF Project
Calcium minerals
Copper minerals
Lanthanide minerals
Arsenate minerals
Hexagonal minerals
Minerals in space group 176