''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical

Central Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...

and South America.

Description

It consists in

dioecious Dioecy (; ; adj. dioecious , ) is a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct individual organisms (unisexual) that produce male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproductio ...

climbers or rarely erect trees or

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

s (''

Abuta concolor ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'') with simple

leaves A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...

. Flowers in composed

panicle A panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. (softcover ). Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The branches of a panicle are of ...

s. Male flowers: sepals 6, in 2 whorls,

petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...

s absent,

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

s 6, connate or free, introrse,

anther The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...

s with a longitudinal or transverse dehiscence. Female flowers: sepals and petals as in male,

staminode In botany, a staminode is an often rudimentary, sterile or abortive stamen, which means that it does not produce pollen.Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; ''A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent''; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co. ...

s 6, carpels 3,

drupe In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the ''pit'', ''stone'', or '' pyrena'') of hardened endocarp with a seed (''kernel'') ...

s ovoid, endocarp woody, condyle septiform,

endosperm The endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most of the flowering plants following double fertilization. It is triploid (meaning three chromosome sets per nucleus) in most species, which may be auxin-driven. It surrounds the embryo and ...

ruminate,

embryo An embryo is an initial stage of development of a multicellular organism. In organisms that reproduce sexually, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization of the female egg cell by the male spe ...

curved, cotyledons appressed. It is in the tropical rain forest.

Taxonomy

''Abuta'' is usually classified in the tribe Anomospermeae Miers, together with ''

Anomospermum ''Anomospermum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Menispermaceae. It consists of six species from tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in th ...

'' Miers.

Synonymy

The genera ''Anelasma'' Miers and ''Batschia'' Thunb. have been brought into synonymy with ''Abuta''.

Uses

''Abuta'' is one of the components of the arrow poison curare of some indigenous tribes of South America (especially ''

Abuta imene ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' from

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

). Roots of ''

Abuta rufescens ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' are used as medicinal in diseases of the

urogenital tract The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the organs of the reproductive system and the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathwa ...

, but it is dangerous. The

dichloromethane Dichloromethane (DCM or methylene chloride, methylene bichloride) is an organochlorine compound with the formula . This colorless, volatile liquid with a chloroform-like, sweet odour is widely used as a solvent. Although it is not miscible with ...

extracts of ''

Abuta grandifolia ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' and ''

Minthostachys setosa ''Minthostachys'' is a genus of the mint family Lamiaceae, comprising aromatic scandent shrubs. It occurs along the Andes from Northern Venezuela through Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia to Central Argentina. Use and conservation The plants a ...

'' (

Labiatae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, s ...

) demonstrated high larvicidal activity against '' Aedes aegypti'', the most active being the dichloromethane extract of ''A. grandifolia''.

Selected species

*''

Abuta acutifolia ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Miers *''

Abuta amara ''Aristolochia amara'' is a species of plant in the family Aristolochiaceae The Aristolochiaceae () are a family, the birthwort family, of flowering plants with seven genera and about 400 known species belonging to the order Piperales. The ...

'' Aubl. *''

Abuta antioquiana ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta aristeguietae ''Abuta aristeguietae'' is a species within the ''Abuta'' genus, a constituent of the Menispermaceae family.Krukoff, & Barneby. (1970). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 20(2): 21 (1970) References

Menispermaceae Flora of Southern America Taxa name ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta barbata ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Miers *''

Abuta boliviana ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' Rusby *''

Abuta brevifolia ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' Krukoff & Moldenke *''

Abuta brunnescens ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simp ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta bullata ''Abuta bullata'' is a species in the genus ''Abuta,'' which is part of the flowering plant family Menispermaceae Menispermaceae (botanical Latin: 'moonseed family' from Greek ''mene'' 'crescent moon' and ''sperma'' 'seed') is a family of flo ...

'' Moldenke *''

Abuta candicans ''Abuta candicans'' ( syn. ''Abuta limaciifolia'' Diels, ''Abuta pullei'' Diels, ''Chondrodendron limaciifolium'' (Diels) Moldenke, ''Chondrodendron candicans'' ( Rich.) Sandwith, ''Curarea candicans'' ( Rich. ex DC.) Barneby, ''Sciadotenia ...

'' Rich. ex DC. *''

Abuta candollei ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' Triana & Planch. *''

Abuta chiapasensis ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta chocoensis ''Abuta chocoensis'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Menispermaceae found near Tumbes–Chocó–Magdalena, Chocó in Colombia between Rio San Pablo (Pueblo Nuevo) and Las Ánimas (volcano), Las Animas. It is part of the ''Abuta'' ge ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta colombiana ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Moldenke *''

'' Poepp. & Endl. *''

Abuta convexa ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' Diels *''

Abuta duckei ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Diels *''

Abuta dwyerana ''Abuta dwyeriana'' is a species of the ''Abuta'' genus, which is part of the flowering plant family Menispermaceae. Description Like most other ''Abuta'' species, ''A. dwyeriana'' is typically a dioecious climber, or rarely erect trees or shr ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta ecuadoriensis ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Moldenke *''

Abuta fluminum ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta froesii ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' Krukoff & Moldenke *''

'' (Mart.) Sandwith *''

Abuta grisebachii ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Triana & Planch. *''

Abuta guianensis ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Eichler *''

Abuta heterophylla ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' Miers *''

'' Eichler *''

Abuta klugii ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Moldenke ex Macbride *''

Abuta limaciifolia ''Abuta candicans'' (syn. ''Abuta limaciifolia'' Diels, ''Abuta pullei'' Diels, ''Chondrodendron limaciifolium'' (Diels) Moldenke, ''Chondrodendron candicans'' ( Rich.) Sandwith, ''Curarea candicans'' ( Rich. ex DC.) Barneby, ''Sciadotenia ca ...

'' Diels *''

Abuta longa ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta macrocarpa ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Moldenke *''

Abuta macrophylla ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Miers *''

Abuta manausensis ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta mycetandra ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta negroensis ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' Krukoff & Moldenke *''

Abuta oblonga ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' Miers *''

Abuta oblongifolia ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Miers *''

Abuta obovata ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' Diels *''

Abuta pahni ''Abuta pahnii'' is a species of the ''Abuta'' genus, which is part of the flowering plant family Menispermaceae. This genus consists of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. The plant was first published in '' Phytolog ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta panamensis ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simp ...

'' (Standl.) Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta panurensis ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Eichler *''

Abuta parvifolia ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Rusby ex Moldenke *''

Abuta platyphylla ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Mart. ex Eichler *''

Abuta pullei ''Abuta candicans'' ( syn. ''Abuta limaciifolia'' Diels, ''Abuta pullei'' Diels, ''Chondrodendron limaciifolium'' (Diels) Moldenke, ''Chondrodendron candicans'' ( Rich.) Sandwith, ''Curarea candicans'' ( Rich. ex DC.) Barneby, ''Sciadotenia c ...

'' Diels *''

Abuta racemosa ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simp ...

'' Triana & Planch. *''

'' Aubl. * *''

Abuta sadwithiana ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simp ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta scandens ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' DC. *''

Abuta seemanni ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Triana & Planch. *'' Abuta selloana'' Eichler *''

Abuta solimoesensis ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta soukupi ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Moldenke *''

Abuta spicata ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Triana & Planch. *''

Abuta splendida ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Krukoff & Moldenke *''

Abuta steyermarkii ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' (Standl.) Standl. *''

Abuta tomentosa ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' Sagot ex Benth. *''

Abuta toxifera ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Baill. ex Krukoff & Moldenke *''

Abuta trinervis ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' (Rusby) Moldenke *''

Abuta umbellata ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' Sagot ex Benth. *''

Abuta vaupesensis ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta velutina ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Gleason *''

Abuta verruculosa ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta concolor'') with simpl ...

'' Krukoff & Barneby *''

Abuta wilson-brownei ''Abuta'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Menispermaceae, of about 32 species, native to tropical Central America, Central and South America. Description It consists in dioecious vine, climbers or rarely erect trees or shrubs (''Abuta ...

'' R.S.Cowan

References

External links

Images of ''Abuta panamensis'' from La Flora Digital de La Selva, Costa Rica
Menispermaceae genera Neotropical realm flora Menispermaceae Taxa named by Jean Baptiste Christian Fusée-Aublet {{Ranunculales-stub

Description

Taxonomy

Synonymy

Uses

Selected species

See also

References

Further reading

External links