''Irreversible Damage: The Transgender Craze Seducing Our Daughters'' is a 2020 book by Abigail Shrier, published by Regnery Publishing, which endorses the controversial concept of rapid-onset gender dysphoria (ROGD). ROGD is not recognized as a medical diagnosis by any major professional institution and is not backed by credible scientific evidence.
Shrier states that there was a "sudden, severe spike in transgender identification among adolescent girls" in the 2010s, referring to teenagers
assigned female at birth
Sex assignment (sometimes known as gender assignment) is the discernment of an infant's sex at or before birth. A relative, midwife, nurse or physician inspects the external genitalia when the baby is delivered and, in more than 99.95% of bi ...
. She attributes this to a social contagion among "high-anxiety, depressive (mostly white) girls who, in previous decades, fell prey to anorexia and bulimia or multiple personality disorder". Shrier also criticizes gender-affirming psychiatric support, hormone replacement therapy and sex reassignment surgery (together often referred to as " gender-affirming care") as treatment for gender dysphoria in young people.
Response to the book has been mixed. Positive reviews mostly endorsed Shrier's thesis, while much of the criticism focused on the book's use of anecdotes and other issues with its evidence. There were several boycotts aimed at the book which characterized it as anti-trans and its use of "she" to refer to teenagers identifying as transmasculine and non-binary as misgendering.
Summary
Shrier states that she began to investigate adolescent-onset gender dysphoria after being contacted by the mother of a young adult with no apparent history of childhood gender dysphoria, who identified as transgender in college. She describes what she sees as difficulties facing teenagers who were
assigned female at birth
Sex assignment (sometimes known as gender assignment) is the discernment of an infant's sex at or before birth. A relative, midwife, nurse or physician inspects the external genitalia when the baby is delivered and, in more than 99.95% of bi ...
, whom she refers to as "girls": isolation, online social dynamics, restrictive gender and sexuality labels, unwelcome physical changes and sexual attention. She profiles several teenagers who questioned their gender identities or came out as transgender while experiencing mental health or personal issues. She discusses Lisa Littman's 2018 journal article on rapid onset gender dysphoria and the ensuing controversy and endorses Littman's findings. She states that online trans influencers, on websites like Twitter, Tumblr and TikTok, frequently encourage questioning youth to identify as trans, experiment with breast binding and testosterone, and disown or lie to unsupportive family members.
Shrier criticizes transgender-related curricula and policies in schools. She describes parents distressed by their children's transgender identification or transition. She critiques the gender-affirming model of care and profiles its critics: Kenneth Zucker, Ray Blanchard, J. Michael Bailey, Lisa Marchiano, and Paul R. McHugh. Shrier discusses trans activism and related controversies, including sex-specific privacy concerns;
passing Passing may refer to:
Social identity
* Passing (sociology), presenting oneself as a member of another sociological group
** Passing (gender), presenting oneself as being cisgender
** Passing (racial identity), presenting oneself as a member ...
versus trans visibility; the role of celebrities in increasing trans acceptance; conflict between transgender people and lesbians or radical feminists; transfeminine/male-to-female athletes competing in girls' and women's sports; the use of trans-inclusive language; intersectionality; and identity politics. She argues that medical interventions such as puberty blockers, cross-sex hormones, and surgeries include risks. As an example, she describes a transgender person who became disabled after a failed surgery. She also profiles detransitioned young women.
Background and publication history
Shrier attended
Columbia
Columbia may refer to:
* Columbia (personification), the historical female national personification of the United States, and a poetic name for America
Places North America Natural features
* Columbia Plateau, a geologic and geographic region in ...
and Oxford University and earned a J.D. at Yale Law School.
The contentious concept of rapid-onset gender dysphoria (ROGD), which ''Irreversible Damage'' endorses, was first proposed in a 2018 paper by Lisa Littman. ROGD is not recognized as a medical diagnosis by any major professional institution and is not backed by credible scientific evidence.
''Irreversible Damage'' was first published in June 2020 by Regnery Publishing, a conservative publisher. An audiobook narrated by Pamela Almand was released by Blackstone Audio. In the UK, the book was published by Swift Press, with the subtitle "Teenage Girls and the Transgender Craze". In a July 2020 interview on '' The Joe Rogan Experience'', Shrier called the desire to transition a "contagion" and compared it with
eating disorders
An eating disorder is a mental disorder defined by abnormal eating behaviors that negatively affect a person's physical or mental health. Only one eating disorder can be diagnosed at a given time. Types of eating disorders include binge eating ...
and
self-harm
Self-harm is intentional behavior that is considered harmful to oneself. This is most commonly regarded as direct injury of one's own skin tissues usually without a suicidal intention. Other terms such as cutting, self-injury and self-mutilatio ...
. She associated transgender youth with
autism
The autism spectrum, often referred to as just autism or in the context of a professional diagnosis autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism spectrum condition (ASC), is a neurodevelopmental condition (or conditions) characterized by difficulti ...
. Her remarks sparked calls by Spotify employees for the Rogan podcast episode to be removed from the platform, but the company denied the request.
Chase Ross, a transgender YouTuber interviewed by Shrier for ''Irreversible Damage'', apologized in 2021 for his participation in the book, claiming he was misled about the book's contents and the author's intent.
Marketing and distribution
In June 2020, Amazon suspended a paid advertising campaign for the book one week prior to publication. Amazon stated this was because the book "infers or claims to diagnose, treat, or question sexual orientation." In April 2021, employees petitioned Amazon to stop selling the book; a company official responded that the book did not violate Amazon's content policies and the company would continue to offer it. In March 2022, a group called No Hate at Amazon circulated a petition demanding that Amazon stop selling ''Irreversible Damage'' and ''
Johnny the Walrus
''Johnny the Walrus'' is a satirical 2022 children's picture book by American conservative political commentator Matt Walsh. It allegorically compares being transgender to pretending to be a walrus through the story of a child named Johnny. It ...
'' and demanded that Amazon set up an oversight board that would allow employees to democratically determine what content can be sold on Amazon. At least 500 people signed the petition, which was presented to Amazon leadership in the summer of 2021. Some employees quit working for Amazon over the company's refusal to stop selling ''Irreversible Damage'' and ''Johnny the Walrus''.
In November 2020, Target briefly stopped selling the book following criticism online, but made it available for purchase again a day later. Several LGBT commentators expressed support for the book's removal. '' The Daily Dot'' columnist Ana Valens wrote that it contained obvious transphobia and encouraged conversion therapy. In '' Them'', the writer James Factora stated that almost every claim in the publisher's description of the book was a "blatant lie". In '' Gay City News'', the journalist Matt Tracy criticized Shrier for misgendering subjects. Shrier had stated, "I refer to biologically female teens caught up in this transgender craze as 'she' and 'her, which Tracy wrote is "a choice by the author that disrespects transgender teens' gender identity and falsely assumes that all trans boys or non-binary individuals assigned female at birth have the same biological makeup." In February 2021, Target again withdrew the book from sale.
In April 2021, a petition was launched to have the Halifax Public Library system remove their two copies of the book from circulation. The library refused, citing intellectual freedom and stating that removal would constitute censorship. Following this,
Halifax Pride
Halifax Pride is an LGBT pride festival, held annually in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is the largest 2SLGBTQ+ event in Atlantic Canada,
In July 2021, the
American Booksellers Association
The American Booksellers Association (ABA) is a non-profit trade association founded in 1900 that promotes independent bookstores in the United States. ABA's core members are key participants in their communities' local economy and culture, and t ...
, a non-profit trade association that promotes independent bookstores, issued an apology for including the book in a monthly mailing, calling the decision to do so a "serious, violent incident" and characterizing the book as "anti-trans". This set off further controversy, with some arguing the association was now trying to censor the book, and others saying the apology was insufficient.Chase Strangio, an attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), tweeted that "stopping the circulation of this book and these ideas is 100% a hill I will die on." Strangio later deleted the tweet, saying he was not calling for a government ban but "to create the information climate for the market to be more supportive of trans
self-determination
The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a ''jus cogens'' rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms. It stat ...
".
The book has been translated into multiple languages and foreign-language versions have been released in other countries such as Spain, France, Hungary and Israel where a speech by Shrier drew protesters.
Irish Independent
The ''Irish Independent'' is an Irish daily newspaper and online publication which is owned by Independent News & Media (INM), a subsidiary of Mediahuis.
The newspaper version often includes glossy magazines.
Traditionally a broadsheet new ...
Tina Beattie
Tina Beattie (born 16 March 1955) is a British Christian theologian, writer and broadcaster.
Until August 2020, she was the Professor of Catholic Studies at the University of Roehampton in London and Director of the Digby Stuart Research Centre ...
Psychology Today
''Psychology Today'' is an American media organization with a focus on psychology and human behavior. It began as a bimonthly magazine, which first appeared in 1967. The ''Psychology Today'' website features therapy and health professionals direct ...
Jack Turban
Jack L. Turban is an American psychiatrist and writer who researches LGBT Health, LGBTQ health, with a focus on the mental health of transgender youth. His writing has appeared in ''The New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'', and ''Vox (webs ...
, a fellow in psychiatry and researcher in transgender mental health, in a ''Psychology Today'' blogpost. '' Science-Based Medicine'' retracted a positive review by the physician Harriet Hall and subsequently published a series of articles criticizing the book.
''The Economist'' included ''Irreversible Damage'' among its books of the year for 2020. ''The Economist'' called the book "one of the first accessible treatments of a subject that has generated much fascinated coverage" but remarked it had not received many reviews in mainstream papers. It credited Shrier with " ellingthe stories of those she interviews with great care", but suggested that she might have overstated the extent to which teenagers were receiving medical interventions. Madeleine Kearns reviewed ''Irreversible Damage'' alongside
Debra W. Soh
Debra W. Soh is a Canadian columnist, author, and former academic sex researcher.
Education and research
Soh holds a Ph.D. degree in neuroscience from York University in Toronto. Her dissertation was titled ''Functional and Structural Neuroi ...
's ''The End of Gender''. She stated that Shrier's book provided "a personal, inquisitive, and often moving narrative". Naomi Schaefer Riley wrote that Shrier was correct to ask "what's ailing" adolescents who appeared to suddenly begin identifying as transgender. She endorsed Shrier's criticisms of transgender healthcare and online transgender activism. Janice Turner called the book "fearless", remarking on the controversy surrounding it and endorsing its conclusions.
Tina Beattie called the book "a disturbing, infuriating and compelling study". She criticized Shrier's use of anecdotes from parents or professionals, apparently unbeknownst to the subjects themselves. She wrote that, while "many of Shrier's claims may be open to challenge", the reported increase in cases of adolescent-onset dysphoria "should be a cause for much greater caution and disquiet than is currently the case". Christopher Ferguson wrote that Shrier had "some valid ideas" and that he was "not willing to dismiss her thesis entirely", but also that she failed to "carefully hew" to science and that "high-quality, preregistered, open science, scientific efforts" were needed in the area.
Sarah Fonseca condemned the book for its presentation, substance, and sourcing. Psychiatrist
Jack Turban
Jack L. Turban is an American psychiatrist and writer who researches LGBT Health, LGBTQ health, with a focus on the mental health of transgender youth. His writing has appeared in ''The New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'', and ''Vox (webs ...
accused Shrier of promoting the denial of gender-affirming medical care from transgender youth, which he called a fringe position rejected by several professional societies. He also accused Shrier of misinterpreting and omitting scientific evidence to support her book's claims and criticized her for portraying transgender youth based on interviews with parents, and for "crass and offensive language."Skeptic and physician Harriet Hall published a positive review of the book on the website '' Science-Based Medicine'' in June 2021, stating that Shrier "brings up some alarming facts that desperately need to be looked into", that care centered on gender affirmation "is a mistake and a dereliction of duty", and that the current political climate has made scientific study of these matters nearly impossible. The site's two other editors, Steven Novella and David Gorski, took the unprecedented step of retracting this review, which was republished in '' Skeptic''. Novella and Gorski later explained the retraction, concluding that both Hall's and Shrier's claims are "not supported by any evidence and recobbled together with a gross misreading of the scientific evidence", and are based on "anecdotes, outliers, political discussions, and cherry-picked science". In the following weeks, the site published a series of articles about the book by guest authors and physicians Rose Lovell and AJ Eckert that also criticized the book for scientific errors, cherry-picked data, and misinformation.
Historian Ben Miller compared the cover's design, "with the little white girl's reproductive organs obliterated by a black hole," to that of Nazi propaganda posters.