Anregurutta professor
Habib
Habib ( ar, حبيب, ''ḥabīb''; ), sometimes written as Habeeb, is an Arabic masculine given name, occasional surname, and honorific, with the meaning "beloved" or "my love", or "darling". It also forms the famous Arabic word ‘''Habibi’'' ...
Abdurrahman Shihab ( ar-at, عبد الرحمن شهاب , ʿAbd ar-Raḥman Šihāb; '; 14 January 1915 – 1986) was an Indonesian academician, politician, and Qur'anic interpretation expert (mufassir) from
Makassar
Makassar (, mak, ᨆᨀᨔᨑ, Mangkasara’, ) is the capital of the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi. It is the largest city in the region of Eastern Indonesia and the country's fifth-largest urban center after Jakarta, Surabaya, Med ...
,
South Sulawesi
South Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Selatan) is a province in the southern peninsula of Sulawesi. The Selayar Islands archipelago to the south of Sulawesi is also part of the province. The capital is Makassar. The province is bordered by Central Sula ...
. As a politician, Abdurrahman was a member of the
Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia
The Constitutional Assembly ( id, Konstituante) was a body elected in 1955 to draw up a permanent constitution for the Republic of Indonesia. It sat between 10 November 1956 and 2 July 1959. It was dissolved by then President Sukarno in a decr ...
(9 November 1956 – 5 July 1959) from the
Masyumi Party
The Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations ( id, Partai Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia), better known as the Masyumi Party, was a major Islamic political party in Indonesia during the Liberal Democracy Era in Indonesia. It was banned in ...
fraction. Meanwhile, as an academican, he served as 2nd rector of the
Indonesian Muslim University of Makassar in the period 1959–1965 and the 3rd rector of the
Alauddin Islamic State University
Alauddin State Islamic University or Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin (UIN Alauddin) is a state university located in Makasar, South Sulawesi. The name ''Alauddin'' originates from the name of the first king of the Gowa Sultanate who converted ...
from 1973 to 1979.
Biography
Early life
Abdurrahman Shihab was born in
Makassar
Makassar (, mak, ᨆᨀᨔᨑ, Mangkasara’, ) is the capital of the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi. It is the largest city in the region of Eastern Indonesia and the country's fifth-largest urban center after Jakarta, Surabaya, Med ...
,
South Sulawesi
South Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Selatan) is a province in the southern peninsula of Sulawesi. The Selayar Islands archipelago to the south of Sulawesi is also part of the province. The capital is Makassar. The province is bordered by Central Sula ...
as the only child of
Habib
Habib ( ar, حبيب, ''ḥabīb''; ), sometimes written as Habeeb, is an Arabic masculine given name, occasional surname, and honorific, with the meaning "beloved" or "my love", or "darling". It also forms the famous Arabic word ‘''Habibi’'' ...
Ali bin Abdurrahman Shihab, a preacher and education cleric from
Hadhramaut
Hadhramaut ( ar, حَضْرَمَوْتُ \ حَضْرَمُوتُ, Ḥaḍramawt / Ḥaḍramūt; Hadramautic: 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩩, ''Ḥḍrmt'') is a region in South Arabia, comprising eastern Yemen, parts of western Oman and southern Sau ...
,
Yemen
Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...
. Abdurrahman came from the
Arab
The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
Hadhrami family of the
Ba 'Alawi sada
The Ba 'Alawi sadah or Sadah Ba 'Alawi ( ar-at, السادة آل باعلوي, al-sādatu al-bā'alawiy) are a group of Hadhrami Sayyid families and social group originating in Hadhramaut in the southwest corner of the Arabian Peninsula. Th ...
group surnamed Aal Shihab-Uddīn. His father had immigrated from Hadhramaut to South Sulawesi since he was young to preach, he died in Makassar in 1333 AH (around 1915 AD) at the age of 52 when Abdurrahman was a baby.
Education
Because Abdurrahman had been orphaned since a baby, stepping on young he was invited by his uncle to
Jakarta
Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...
to be sent to school at
Jamiat Kheir
Jamiat Kheir ('; ar, جمعية خير ; ; different Latin spellings have also been used in the past, such as ''Djamiat Chair'', ''Djameat Geir, Djamijat Chaer'', ''Jam'iyyat khair'' or ''Jamiatul Khair'') is one of a few early private institu ...
. He began his education at the madrasah ibtidaiyah level (
Europeesche Lagere School
Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) was a European elementary school system in what was then the Dutch East Indies during colonial rule. The schools were intended primarily for Europeans. The implementation of basic education at that time was diffe ...
level) in Jamiat Kheir and graduated in 1927. After that he continued his education at the madrasah tsanawiyah level (
Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs
Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (Dutch, "more advanced primary education") was during part of the twentieth century a level of education in the Netherlands (and the Dutch East Indies), comparable with the junior high school level in the US educatio ...
level) and graduated in 1930, while at the madrasah aliyah level (
Algemene Middelbare School
Algemene Middelbare School or AMS (Dutch, "General Secondary School") was during part of the twentieth century a level of education in the Netherlands (and the Dutch East Indies), comparable with the high school level in the US education system. ...
level) he completed in 1934. After graduating from Jamiat Kheir, Abdurrahman then returned to South Sulawesi and lived in
Rappang,
Sidenreng Rappang Regency
Sidenreng Rappang Regency (the name is often abbreviated to "Sidrap") is a landlocked regency of South Sulawesi Province in Indonesia. It has an area of and had a population of 271,911 at the 2010 Census and 319,990 at the 2020 Census. Its capital ...
for 10 years.
Personal life
![Abdurrahman Shihab and Family](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Abdurrahman_Shihab_and_Family.jpg)
After staying for 10 years at Sidenreng Rappang, Abdurrahman married a
Bugis
The Bugis people (pronounced ), also known as Buginese, are an ethnicity—the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi (the others being Makassar and Toraja), in the south-western province of Sulawe ...
girl, a local noble daughter named Asma Aburisy. From his marriage to Asma, Abdurrahman was blessed with 13 children, including Nur Shihab, Ali Shihab,
Umar Shihab,
Quraish Shihab
Muhammad Quraish Shihab ( ar, محمّد قريش شهاب; '; February 16, 1944) is an Indonesian Arab-Bugis Muslim scholar in the sciences of the Qur'an, an author, an Academic Scholar, and former Minister of Religious Affairs in the Fourth De ...
, Wardah Shihab, and
Alwi Shihab
Alwi Abdurrahman Shihab ( ar, علوي عبد الرحمن شهاب ') (born 19 August 1946 in South Sulawesi) is a scholar of the interaction of Christian and Muslim communities. Currently he is the Indonesian President's special envoy to the ...
, his first six children were born in
Rappang, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. While seven other children were born in Kampung Buton,
Makassar
Makassar (, mak, ᨆᨀᨔᨑ, Mangkasara’, ) is the capital of the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi. It is the largest city in the region of Eastern Indonesia and the country's fifth-largest urban center after Jakarta, Surabaya, Med ...
, because after the birth of Alwi, Abdurrahman took his family to Jalan Sulawesi Lorong 194/7 Makassar City. The seven children born in Kampung Buton included Nina Shihab, Sida Shihab,
Ahmad Nizar Shihab, Abdul Mutalib Shihab, Salwa Shihab, Ulfa Shihab, and Latifah Shihab.
Of the thirteen children, some of them followed in the footsteps of Abdurrahman as a mufassir (Qur'anic exegete), academician, and politician. Like his third child,
Umar
ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb ( ar, عمر بن الخطاب, also spelled Omar, ) was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate o ...
, was a cleric who sat on the ranks of members of the
Indonesian Ulema Council
Indonesian Ulema Council ( id, Majelis Ulama Indonesia, ar, مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي, abbreviated MUI) is Indonesia's top Islamic scholars body. MUI was founded in Jakarta on July 26, 1975 during the New Order era. The council ...
. While the
Quraish
The Quraysh ( ar, قُرَيْشٌ) were a grouping of Arab clans that historically inhabited and controlled the city of Mecca and its Kaaba. The Islamic prophet Muhammad was born into the Hashim clan of the tribe. Despite this, many of the Qu ...
and
Alwi were Qur'anic interpreters and both once sat in the government seat as a ministers. Aside from being interpreters who wrote monumental works of
Tafsir Al-Mishbah, Quraish was also the
Minister of Religious Affairs in the
Seventh Development Cabinet
The Seventh Development Cabinet ( id, Kabinet Pembangunan VII) was the Indonesian Cabinet which served under President Suharto and Vice President B. J. Habibie from 16 March 1998 to 21 May 1998.
The Cabinet was formed in the midst of the Asian f ...
of the
Suharto
Suharto (; ; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian army officer and politician, who served as the second and the longest serving president of Indonesia. Widely regarded as a military dictator by international observers, Suharto ...
era, while Alwi was the
Minister of Foreign Affairs
A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...
in the
National Unity Cabinet
The National Unity Cabinet ( id, Kabinet Persatuan Nasional) was the Indonesian Cabinet which served under President Abdurrahman Wahid and Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri from 29 October 1999 until 23 July 2001. The Cabinet was formed aft ...
of the
Abdurrahman Wahid
Abdurrahman Wahid ( ; born Abdurrahman ad-Dakhil; 7 September 1940 – 30 December 2009), though more colloquially known as Gus Dur (), was an Indonesian politician and Islamic religious leader who served as the 4th president of Indonesia, from ...
era and the
Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare in the
United Indonesia Cabinet
The First United Indonesia Cabinet ( id, Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu I), formerly the United Indonesia Cabinet ( id, Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu) was the official name of the presidential cabinet of Indonesia, led by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ...
of the
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 9 September 1949), commonly referred to by his initials SBY, is an Indonesian politician and retired army general who served as the sixth president of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014. A member of the Democratic Party ...
era. As a politician, Alwi had even been the chairman of the
National Awakening Party
The National Awakening Party ( id, Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa), frequently abbreviated to PKB, is an Islam-basedAl-Hamdi, Ridho. (2017). ''Moving towards a Normalised Path: Political Islam in Contemporary Indonesia''. JURNAL STUDI PEMERINTAHAN ( ...
for the 2002–2005 period, and in 2006 he became one of the founders of the
Ulema National Awakening Party
The Ulema National Awakening Party ( id, Partai Kebangkitan Nasional Ulama) was an Islamist political party in Indonesia. The party was established by Indonesian ulemas seeking political vehicle to promote Islamic political values while being disil ...
. Meanwhile,
Nizar, Abdurrahman's ninth child was an
anesthesiologist
Anesthesiology, anaesthesiology, or anaesthesia is the medical specialty concerned with the total perioperative care of patients before, during and after surgery. It encompasses anesthesia, intensive care medicine, critical emergency medicine, ...
and had been a member of the
People's Representative Council
The People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, DPR-RI), also known as the House of Representatives, is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), ...
of the Republic of Indonesia for the period 2009–2014.
Career
Political
![Abdurrahman Shihab and Soekarno at Constitutional Assembly](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Abdurrahman_Shihab_and_Soekarno_at_Constitutional_Assembly.jpg)
Abdurrahman began actively working in politics since the 1950s. During 1950–51, he was active as a member and administrators of the Makassar branch of the Masyumi, only in 1951–52 was he appointed a member of the Majelis Syuro Masyumi for the Sulawesi region, and in 1952–56 he became a member of the Masyumi leadership for the Sulawesi region.
In the
1955 Indonesian Constituent Assembly election
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Indonesia on 15 December 1955. The Indonesian Provisional Constitution of 1950 had provided for the establishment of a democratically elected Constitutional Assembly to draw up a permanent constitution ...
, Abdurrahman succeeded in occupying the parliamentary seat as a member of the
Constituent Assembly of Indonesia
The Constitutional Assembly ( id, Konstituante) was a body elected in 1955 to draw up a permanent constitution for the Republic of Indonesia. It sat between 10 November 1956 and 2 July 1959. It was dissolved by then President Sukarno in a decr ...
from the
Masyumi Party
The Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations ( id, Partai Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia), better known as the Masyumi Party, was a major Islamic political party in Indonesia during the Liberal Democracy Era in Indonesia. It was banned in ...
fraction in the electoral district of South-Southeast Sulawesi with membership number 322.
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
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Further reading
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External links
{{Commons category, Abdurrahman Shihab
Abdurrahman Shihabon Konstituante.Net
Indonesian people of Yemeni descent
People from Makassar
Quranic exegesis scholars
Masyumi Party politicians
1915 births
1986 deaths