Gembloux Abbey was a Benedictine abbey in Wallonia near the town of Gembloux in the province of

Namur Namur (; ; nl, Namen ; wa, Nameur) is a city and municipality in Wallonia, Belgium. It is both the capital of the province of Namur and of Wallonia, hosting the Parliament of Wallonia, the Government of Wallonia and its administration. Namu ...

, Belgium. Since 1860, its buildings host the University of Liège's

Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (GxABT), located in Gembloux, Belgium, is one of the eleven faculties of the University of Liège. Founded in 1860 and previously known as the Faculté universitaire des sciences agronomiques de Gembloux (FUSAGx, French for ...

faculty and campus (previously known as Agronomical University of Gembloux).

Foundation

The former Benedictine monastery, located about nine miles north-west of

on the river Orneau, was founded about 945 by Saint Guibert or Wibert (lat: ''Wicbertus'') and dedicated to Saint Peter and the martyr

Saint Exuperius Saint Exuperius (also Exsuperius) (french: Saint Exupéry, Saint Soupire) (died c. 410) was Bishop of Toulouse at the beginning of the 5th century. Life His place and date of birth are unknown. Upon succeeding Saint Sylvius as bishop of Toulous ...

. Saint Guibert was assisted in the erection of the monastery and the selection of its monks by Erluin, who had resigned a canonry to become a monk. Some of Guibert's relatives challenged the legality of the monastic foundation on the grounds that the monastery was built on land of the Imperial

fisc Under the Merovingians and Carolingians, the fisc (from Latin ''fiscus,'' whence we derive "fiscal") applied to the royal demesne which paid taxes, entirely in kind, from which the royal household was meant to be supported, though it rarely was. ...

, which had been given

in fee A fief (; la, feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a form of f ...

to Guibert's ancestors and could not be alienated without imperial authority. Emperor Otto I summoned Guibert and Erluin to his court, but was so favourably impressed with the manner in which they defended their undertaking that on 20 September 946, he issued an imperial diploma approving the foundation of ''Gemblacum'' and granting it various privileges. Guibert appointed his friend Erluin the first abbot of Gembloux, while he himself became a monk at

Gorze Abbey Gorze Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in Gorze in the present arrondissement of Metz, near Metz in Lorraine. It was prominent as the source of a monastic reform movement in the 930s. History Gorze Abbey was founded in around 757 by Bishop Chrod ...

near Metz. He returned twice to Gembloux. The first time was in 954, when the Hungarians threatened to pillage the monastery. Guibert not only saved it from harm but also converted some Hungarians to Christianity. The second time was in 957, when his brother-in-law Heribrand of Mawolt had seized the revenues of the monastery. Guibert persuaded Heribrand to leave the possessions of the monastery unmolested in the future. On 23 May 962, Guibert died at Gorze and his remains were brought for burial to Gembloux.

Flourishing

When monastic discipline was well established at Gembloux, Erluin attempted, at the suggestion of Count Regnier of Hainaut, to reform

Lobbes Abbey Lobbes Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in Wallonia in the municipality of Lobbes, Hainaut, Belgium. The abbey played an important role in the religious, political and religious life of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, especially around the year 1 ...

in 955. The monks of Lobbes however did not welcome reform, and on the night of 20 October 958 three of them assaulted Erluin in his cell, dragged him outside the monastery and inflicted on him serious bodily injuries. Erluin died at Gembloux on 10 August 986 after Pope Benedict VII had granted his monastery exemption and papal protection. During the short reign of his successor, abbot Heriward (987-990), the monks voluntarily relinquished their right of exemption in favour of Bishop Notger of Liège, who was well disposed towards the monastery. Heriward was succeeded by Erluin II (990-1012), under whose weak administration monastic discipline greatly relaxed. His successor Olbert (1012-1048), a pious and learned abbot, restored discipline, built a new abbey church in 1022, organized a rich library, and by encouraging sacred and secular learning gave the first impulse to the subsequent flourishing condition of Gembloux. During the period of its greatest intellectual activity the abbey was ruled by Mysach (1048-1071), Thietmar (1071-1092), Liethard (1092-1115) and Anselm (1115-1136). Under Thietmar flourished the famous chronicler Sigebert of Gembloux (1030-1112), who in a neat Latin style wrote a chronicle of the world from 381-1111, a history of the abbots of Gembloux and other historical works of great value. His chronicle was continued by Abbot Anselm till 1136, and his history of the abbots of Gembloux by the monk Gottschalk, a disciple of Sigebert. The learned prior Guerin, a famous teacher at the abbey school, was a contemporary of Sigebert.

Decline

In 1157 and again in 1185 the monastery was destroyed by fire, and though rebuilt, it began from this period to decline in importance. The abbots did, however, continue to hold the title of count and to sit among the nobility in the States of Brabant. In 1505, under Abbot Arnold II de Solbrecg (1501-1511), the abbey became affiliated to the

Bursfeld Union The Bursfelde Congregation, also called Bursfelde Union, was a union of predominantly west and central German Benedictine monasteries, of both men and women, working for the reform of Benedictine practice. It was named after Bursfelde Abbey. Backg ...

. It was pillaged by the

Calvinists Calvinism (also called the Reformed Tradition, Reformed Protestantism, Reformed Christianity, or simply Reformed) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Ca ...

in 1598, and was partly destroyed by fire in 1678 and again in 1712. It was just beginning to recover from these heavy misfortunes when in 1793 the

Revolutionary A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates a revolution. The term ''revolutionary'' can also be used as an adjective, to refer to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor. ...

government suppressed it. The buildings, which largely survived, are used for the Agronomical University of Gembloux.

Abbots

The succession of abbots is as follows.

Ursmer Berlière Ursmer Berlière, born Alfred Berlière (1861–1932) was a monk of Maredsous Abbey and a monastic historian whose bibliography ran to 360 publications.Philibert Schmitz, "Berlière, Alfred", ''Biographie Nationale de Belgique''vol. 30(Brussels, 1 ...

, ''Monasticon Belge'', vol. 1 (Maredsous, 1897), pp. 16-26. * Erluin I * Heriward * Erluin II *Olbert *Mysach Mathelin *Thietmar *Liethard * Anselm *Arnold *Petrus *Odo *Joannes *Guibert Martin *Guillaume *Henri *Arnold *Guillaume *Godfrey *Jean de Brogne *Joannes, abbot of Affligem (1259–1261) *Rauol *Arnold de Chastres *Godfrey *Arnold de Rosières *Lambert de Liroux *Nicolas de Rupemont *Jean del Bare *Jean de Walhain *Louis d'Oinies *Othon de Dave *Jean de Carnières *Jean d'Ittre *Othon de Viviers *Antoine de Bossunes *Arnold de Solbrecq *Mathieu Petri *Antoine Papin *Arnold Dumont *Bernard Fourier * Lambert Hancart *Jean de Caverel *Louis Sombeck *Philippe Clocman *Charles d'Ursel *Gaspar Benselle *Martin Draerck *François Dumonceau *Arnold de Mertz *Pierre Dumonceau *Ildephonse Chapelle (1732–1739) *Eugène Gérard *Jacques Legrain (1759–1791) *Colomban Wilmart

Notes

Sources

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