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States Of Brabant
The States of Brabant were the representation of the three estates (nobility, clergy and commons) to the court of the Duke of Brabant. The three estates were also called the States. Supported by the economic strength of the cities Antwerp, Brussels and Leuven, the States always were an important power before the rulers of the country, as was reflected by the charter of the duchy. After the duchy of Brabant and all Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands came under the rule of the dukes of Burgundy, the States of Brabant became the host of the States-General of the Netherlands, who used to assemble in Brussels. In 1579 and 1580, during the Eighty Years' War, most cities and States of Brabant joined Dutch independence declaration (Union of Utrecht and Act of Abjuration), but Spanish troops reconquered most of the territory of the duchy and restored Spanish Catholic rule (except for North Brabant. See also Siege of Antwerp (1584-1585)). By the end of 1789, the States of Brabant aga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estates Of The Realm
The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom (Christian Europe) from the Middle Ages to early modern Europe. Different systems for dividing society members into estates developed and evolved over time. The best known system is the French ''Ancien Régime'' (Old Regime), a three-estate system which was made up of clergy (the First Estate), nobles (Second Estate), peasants and bourgeoisie (Third Estate). In some regions, notably Sweden and Russia, burghers (the urban merchant class) and rural commoners were split into separate estates, creating a four-estate system with rural commoners ranking the lowest as the Fourth Estate. In Norway the taxpaying classes were considered as one, and with a very little aristocracy, this class/estate were as powerful as the monarchy itself. In Denmark, however, only owners of large tracts of land had any influence. Furthermore, the non-landowning poor could be left outside the estates, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Of Belgium
The United Belgian States ( nl, Verenigde Nederlandse Staten or '; french: États-Belgiques-Unis; lat, Foederatum Belgium), also known as the United States of Belgium, was a short-lived confederal republic in the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) which was established after the Brabant Revolution. It existed from January to December 1790 as part of the unsuccessful revolt against the Habsburg Emperor, Joseph II. Background Influenced by the Enlightenment, Emperor Joseph II, who became sole ruler of the Habsburg lands after Maria Theresa's death in 1780, decreed a series of large-scale reforms in the Austrian Netherlands designed to radically modernize and centralize the political, judicial and administrative systems. Characteristically, the well-intentioned but autocratic Emperor abruptly imposed his reforms without even a semblance of consultation with the population, which actually included an influential urban intelligentsia and other segments of the ruling classe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Baptiste De Haeseleer
Jean-Baptiste is a male French name, originating with Saint John the Baptist, and sometimes shortened to Baptiste. The name may refer to any of the following: Persons * Charles XIV John of Sweden, born Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, was King of Sweden and King of Norway * Charles-Jean-Baptiste Bouc, businessman and political figure in Lower Canada * Felix-Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Nève, orientalist and philologist * Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target, French lawyer and politician * Hippolyte Jean-Baptiste Garneray, French painter * Jean-Baptiste (songwriter), American music record producer, singer-songwriter * Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr, French critic, journalist, and novelist * Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, chairman of Supreme Revolutionary Council in Burundi until 1976 and president of Burundi (1976-1987) * Jean-Baptiste Baudry, son of Guillaume Baudry, Canadian gunsmith bevear goldsmith * Jean-Baptiste Benoît Eyriès, French geographer, author and translator * Jean-Baptiste Bessières, duke of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joannes Maes
Joannes or John ( la, Iohannes; died 425) was western Roman emperor from 423 to 425. On the death of the Emperor Honorius (15 August 423), Theodosius II, the remaining ruler of the House of Theodosius, hesitated in announcing his uncle's death. In the ''interregnum'', Honorius's patrician at the time of his death, Castinus, elevated Joannes as emperor. History Joannes was a ''primicerius notariorum'' or senior civil servant at the time of his elevation. Procopius praised him as "both gentle and well-endowed with sagacity and thoroughly capable of valorous deeds." Unlike the Theodosian emperors, he tolerated all Christian sects and even the pagans. From the beginning, his control over the empire was insecure. In Gaul, his praetorian prefect was slain at Arles in an uprising of the soldiery there. And Bonifacius, ''comes'' of the Diocese of Africa, held back the grain fleet destined to Rome. "The events of Johannes' reign are as shadowy as its origins," writes John Matthew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Druys
Jan Druys, Latinized Drusius (1568-1634) was a Norbertine canon regular from the Low Countries who became the 30th Abbot of Park Abbey in Heverlee just outside Leuven. Life Druys was born at Kumtich, near Tienen, in 1568. Edouard Van Even, "Druys, Jean", ''Biographie Nationale de Belgique''vol. 6(Brussels, 1878), 183-186. He studied successively at Sint-Truiden, Liège, Namur and Leuven. He entered the Norbertine Abbey of Park in 1587. Ordained priest, he was sent to the Norbertine College at the University of Leuven and obtained his licentiate in 1595. Recalled to the abbey, he was made sub-prior and professor of theology to the young religious at the abbey, and chaplain to Abbot Ambrose Loots at the monastery's Refugium in Brussels, which was in frequent use during the troubled times at the end of the sixteenth century. At the death of Abbot Loots in 1601, Druys was elected as his successor. Four years later he was appointed vicar-general to the Abbot-General of Prémontré A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norbert Evrard Couwerven
Norbert is a Germanic given name, from ''nord'' "north" and ''berht'' "bright". Norbert is also occasionally found as a surname. People with the given name Academia * Norbert Angermann (born 1936), German historian * Norbert A’Campo (born 1941), Swiss mathematician * Norbert Berkowitz (1924–2001), Canadian scientist * Norbert Bischofberger (born 1954), Austrian scientist * Norbert Bolz (born 1953), German philosopher * Norbert Elias (1897–1990), German Jewish sociologist * Norbert Fuhr (born 1956), German computer scientist * Norbert Geng (born 1965), German legal scholar * Norbert Guterman (1900–1984), American translator * Norbert von Hellingrath (1888-1916), German literary scholar * Norbert Hirschhorn (born 1938), American physician * Norbert Hornstein, American linguist * Norbert Jokl (1877–1942?), Austrian Jewish linguist * Norbert Klatt (born 1949), German religious scholar * Norbert Leser (1933–2014), Austrian political scientist * Norbert Lynton (1927–2007) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libertus De Pape
Slavery in ancient Rome played an important role in society and the economy. Besides manual labour, slaves performed many domestic services and might be employed at highly skilled jobs and professions. Accountants and physicians were often slaves. Slaves of Greek origin in particular might be highly educated. Unskilled slaves, or those sentenced to slavery as punishment, worked on farms, in mines, and at mills. Slaves were considered property under Roman law and had no legal personhood. Most slaves would never be freed. Unlike Roman citizens, they could be subjected to corporal punishment, sexual exploitation (prostitutes were often slaves), torture and summary execution. Over time, however, slaves gained increased legal protection, including the right to file complaints against their masters. One major source of slaves had been Roman military expansion during the Republic. The use of former enemy soldiers as slaves led perhaps inevitably to a series of ''en masse'' armed rebell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matthæus Yrsselius
Matthæus Yrsselius or Irsselius, the Latinized form of Mattheus van Iersel (1541–1629), was abbot of St. Michael's Abbey, Antwerp, from 1614 until his death. He was remembered as a patron of the arts and sciences. Patronage In 1624 he commissioned an altarpiece depicting the Adoration of the Magi from Peter Paul Rubens, paying for it in two installments of 750 guilders each in 1624 and 1626. In 1627 the students of the Jesuit college in Antwerp put on a school play dramatizing the life of Norbert of Xanten Norbert of Xanten, O. Praem (c. 1075 – 6 June 1134) (Xanten-Magdeburg), also known as Norbert Gennep, was a bishop of the Catholic Church, founder of the Premonstratensian order of canons regular, and is venerated as a saint. Norbert was can ..., dedicating the production to Yrsselius. At his death Yrsselius bequeathed a celestial and a terrestrial globe, a cosmographic sphere, and an edition of the works of St Gregory the Great to the abbey library."Catalogue des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers
Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers, the religious name of Joannes Jacobus Teniers,P.J. Hanicq, ''Catalogus omnium primorum in generali et solemni philosophiæ et artium promotione: ab origine celeberrimæ Universitatis Lovaniensis'', Université catholique de Louvain (1835-1969), 1824, p. 96 also known as Jan Jacob or Jean-Jacques Teniers (1653–1709) was a Flemish preacher and poet. He was the abbot of the St. Michael's Abbey in Antwerp and in that capacity also the Lord of Berendrecht and Santvliet. Life Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers was born in Antwerp, the son of Melchior Teniers and Maria de Backer. He was baptised there on 28 January 1653 with the birth name Joannes Jacobus Teniers. After studying the Liberal Arts at Leuven University Teniers entered St Michael's Abbey, Antwerp, a house of the Premonstratensian Order. He was professed on 17 January 1675, ordained 13 March 1677, and elected abbot 19 May 1687. As abbot he took the motto ''Tene Quod Bene'' ("Hold on to what is go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustinus Wichmans
Francis Wichmans (1596–1661), in religion Augustinus, was a Premonstratensian spiritual author, missionary, and abbot of Tongerlo Abbey. In the last capacity he sat in the First Estate of the States of Brabant. Life Wichmans was born Antwerp on 7 January 1596, son of Godewart Wijchmans and Catlijn van den Eynde, and was baptised in St. James' Church, Antwerp the same day. As a teenager he entered Tongerlo Abbey, being clothed in the habit on 21 September 1612 and taking the name in religion Augustinus. He made his profession on 22 September 1613, and was ordained priest 4 March 1620. On 14 February 1622 he matriculated at Leuven University, where he graduated Bachelor of Sacred Theology. Recalled to the abbey, from 23 April 1628 he filled the offices of master of novices and circator. In 1630 he was made parish priest of Mierlo, and rural dean of Helmond. After the fall of 's-Hertogenbosch to the Dutch Republic in 1629, Bishop Michael Ophovius was obliged to leave his city, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benedict Neefs
Dom Benedictus Neefs, O.Cist. (french: Benoit Neefs; 19 January 1741 – 7 November 1790) was the 46th abbot of Hemiksem Abbey. Corneel Neefs was born in Kontich and entered Hemiksem Abbey in 1762, taking the monastic name Benedictus. Abbot of Hemiksem In 1780 he was elected abbot after the death of Abbot Bruyndonckx, and installed after imperial approbation. He sat in the States of Brabant after the death of the abbot of Vlierbeek as a representative of the first estate. His local and economic power reached far beyond the monastery walls, as the territory of the abbey was extensive. He erected multiple buildings and continued to reshape the abbey buildings during his time in office. He commissioned an impressive calvary for the abbey church from the painter Willem Jacob Herreyns. Neefs was known for his public opposition to the reforms of Emperor Joseph II. Together with Godfried Hermans, abbot of Grimbergen, he firmly protested against the reforms. The two of them became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregorius Thiels
Gregorius Thiels, O Praem., was the 43rd abbot of Averbode Abbey, the last before the French Revolution. Thiels entered Averbode abbey in 1762. He studied theology at Louvain University. In 1774 after his ordination he received the name Gregorius. He was elected abbot in 1770, and by permission of the Emperor sat in the States of Brabant as a member for the First Estate. Four years later the monks were chased out of their abbey. In 1808 the abbot returned. He died there in 1822. His portrait painted by Andreas Bernardus de Quertenmont Andreas Bernardus de Quertenmont (1 February 1750, in Antwerp – 3 June 1835, in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, copyist, engraver and etch artist. He was also an art educator and administrator as he held positions as a professor and director ... is kept inside Averbode Abbey. References Abbots of the Austrian Netherlands Members of the States of Brabant 1742 births 1822 deaths {{RC-clergy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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