ATP synthase delta subunit is a

subunit Subunit may refer to: *Subunit HIV vaccine, a class of HIV vaccine *Protein subunit, a protein molecule that assembles with other protein molecules *Monomer, a molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer *Sub-subunit, a ...

bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ...

l and

chloroplast A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in ...

F-ATPase/

synthase In biochemistry, a synthase is an enzyme that catalyses a synthesis process. Note that, originally, biochemical nomenclature distinguished synthetases and synthases. Under the original definition, synthases do not use energy from nucleoside tripho ...

. It is known as OSCP ( oligomycin sensitivity conferral

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...

) in mitochondrial ATPase (note that in

mitochondria A mitochondrion (; ) is an organelle found in the Cell (biology), cells of most Eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and Fungus, fungi. Mitochondria have a double lipid bilayer, membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosi ...

there is a different delta subunit,

ATP synthase delta/epsilon subunit ATP synthase delta/epsilon subunit is a part of the ATP synthase and the F-ATPase F-ATPase, also known as F-Type ATPase, is an ATPase/ synthase found in bacterial plasma membranes, in mitochondrial inner membranes (in oxidative phosphorylati ...

). The OSCP/delta subunit appears to be part of the

peripheral A peripheral or peripheral device is an auxiliary device used to put information into and get information out of a computer. The term ''peripheral device'' refers to all hardware components that are attached to a computer and are controlled by the ...

stalk that holds the F₁ complex alpha3beta3 catalytic core stationary against the

torque In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force (also abbreviated to moment). It represents the capability of a force to produce change in the rotational motion of th ...

of the rotating central stalk, and links subunit A of the F_O complex with the F₁ complex. In mitochondria, the peripheral stalk consists of OSCP, as well as F_O components F6, B and D. In bacteria and chloroplasts the peripheral stalks have different subunit compositions: delta and two copies of F_O component B (bacteria), or delta and F_O components B and B' (chloroplasts). F-ATPases lacking this subunit generally transport sodium instead of protons. They are proposed to be called N-ATPases, since they seem to form a distinct group that is further apart from usual F-ATPases than A-ATPases are from V-ATPases. Human delta subunit of ATP synthase is coded by

gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...

ATP5O ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ATP5PO'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the F-type ATPase found in the mitochondrial matrix. F-type ATPases are composed of a cataly ...

References

Further reading