S01A Anti-infectives

S01AA
Antibiotics An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention o ...

:S01AA01

Chloramphenicol Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis. By mouth or by injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, a ...

:S01AA02 Chlortetracycline :S01AA03 Neomycin :S01AA04 Oxytetracycline :S01AA05 Tyrothricin :S01AA07

Framycetin Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that displays bactericidal activity against gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobic bacilli where resistance has not yet arisen. It is generally not effective against gram-positive bacilli and a ...

:S01AA09

Tetracycline Tetracycline, sold under various brand names, is an oral antibiotic in the tetracyclines family of medications, used to treat a number of infections, including Acne vulgaris, acne, cholera, brucellosis, plague (disease), plague, malaria, and sy ...

:S01AA10

Natamycin Natamycin, also known as pimaricin, is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections around the eye. This includes infections of the eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea. It is used as eyedrops. Natamycin is also used in the food industr ...

:S01AA11

Gentamicin Gentamicin is an antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections. This may include bone infections, endocarditis, pelvic inflammatory disease, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis among others. It is not e ...

:S01AA12

Tobramycin Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from '' Streptomyces tenebrarius'' that is used to treat various types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infections. It is especially effective against species of ''Pseudomonas ...

:S01AA13 Fusidic acid :S01AA14 Benzylpenicillin :S01AA15

Dihydrostreptomycin Dihydrostreptomycin is a derivative of streptomycin that has a bactericidal properties. It is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It acts by irreversibly binding the S12 protein in the bacterial 30S r ...

:S01AA16

Rifamycin The rifamycins are a group of antibiotics that are synthesized either naturally by the bacterium ''Amycolatopsis rifamycinica'' or artificially. They are a subclass of the larger family of ansamycins. Rifamycins are particularly effective again ...

:S01AA17

Erythromycin Erythromycin is an antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes respiratory tract infections, skin infections, chlamydia infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, and syphilis. It may also be used duri ...

:S01AA18 Polymyxin B :S01AA19

Ampicillin Ampicillin is an antibiotic used to prevent and treat a number of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, salmonellosis, and endocarditis. It may also be used to prevent group B strepto ...

:S01AA20 Antibiotics in combination with other drugs :S01AA21

Amikacin Amikacin is an antibiotic medication used for a number of bacterial infections. This includes joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infections. It is also used for the treatment of multi ...

:S01AA22 Micronomicin :S01AA23

Netilmicin Netilmicin (1-N-ethylsisomicin) is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, and a derivative of sisomicin, produced by '' Micromonospora inyoensis''. Aminoglycoside antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria. Netilmicin is ...

:S01AA24 Kanamycin :S01AA25

Azidamfenicol Azidamfenicol is an amphenicol Amphenicols are a class of antibiotics with a phenylpropanoid structure. They function by blocking the enzyme peptidyl transferase on the 50S ribosome subunit of bacteria. Examples of amphenicols include chloram ...

:S01AA26

Azithromycin Azithromycin, sold under the brand names Zithromax (in oral form) and Azasite (as an eye drop), is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes middle ear infections, strep throat, pneumon ...

:S01AA27 Cefuroxime :S01AA28

Vancomycin Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections. It is recommended intravenously as a treatment for complicated skin infections, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, bone and joint infections, ...

:S01AA29

Dibekacin Dibekacin (3',4'-dideoxykanamycin B) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is a semisynthetic derivative of kanamycin developed by Hamao Umezawa and collaborators for Meiji Seika is a Japanese snack food company. It is the trade name of a pharm ...

:S01AA30 Combinations of different antibiotics :S01AA31 Cefmenoxime :QS01AA90 Cloxacillin

S01AB
Sulfonamides In organic chemistry, the sulfonamide functional group (also spelled sulphonamide) is an organosulfur group with the structure . It consists of a sulfonyl group () connected to an amine group (). Relatively speaking this group is unreactive. ...

:S01AB01

Sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole is a sulfonamide antibiotic An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are wi ...

:S01AB02

Sulfafurazole Sulfafurazole (INN, also known as sulfisoxazole) is a sulfonamide antibacterial with an dimethyl-isoxazole substituent. It possesses antibiotic activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. It is sometimes given i ...

:S01AB03 Sulfadicramide :S01AB04

Sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide is a sulfonamide antibiotic. Uses Sulfacetamide 10% topical lotion, sold under the brand name Klaron or Ovace, is approved for the treatment of acne and seborrheic dermatitis. When combined with sulfur, it is sold under the bran ...

:S01AB05 Sulfafenazol

S01AD Antivirals

:S01AD01

Idoxuridine Idoxuridine is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug. It is a nucleoside analogue, a modified form of deoxyuridine, similar enough to be incorporated into viral DNA replication, but the iodine atom added to the uracil component blocks base pairing. I ...

:S01AD02

Trifluridine Trifluridine (also called trifluorothymidine; abbreviation TFT or FTD) is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug, used primarily on the eye. It was sold under the trade name Viroptic by Glaxo Wellcome, now merged into GlaxoSmithKline. The brand is n ...

:S01AD03 Aciclovir :S01AD05

Interferon Interferons (IFNs, ) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten the ...

:S01AD06 Vidarabine :S01AD07

Famciclovir Famciclovir is a guanosine analogue antiviral drug used for the treatment of various herpesvirus infections, most commonly for herpes zoster (shingles). It is a prodrug form of penciclovir with improved oral bioavailability. Famciclovir is markete ...

:S01AD08

Fomivirsen Fomivirsen (brand name Vitravene) is an antisense antiviral drug that was used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV) in immunocompromised patients, including those with AIDS. It was administered via intraocular injection. It was d ...

:S01AD09 Ganciclovir

S01AE Fluoroquinolones

:S01AE01

Ofloxacin Ofloxacin is a quinolone antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. When taken Oral administration, by mouth or intravenous, injection into a vein, these include pneumonia, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, prost ...

:S01AE02

Norfloxacin Norfloxacin, sold under the brand name Noroxin among others, is an antibiotic that belongs to the class of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. It is used to treat urinary tract infections, gynecological infections, inflammation of the prostate gland, go ...

:S01AE03

Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes bone and joint infections, intra abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infec ...

:S01AE04 Lomefloxacin :S01AE05

Levofloxacin Levofloxacin, sold under the brand name Levaquin among others, is an antibiotic medication. It is used to treat a number of bacterial infections including acute bacterial sinusitis, pneumonia, H. pylori (in combination with other medications), ...

:S01AE06

Gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin (brand names Gatiflo, Tequin, and Zymar) is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It was patented in 19 ...

:S01AE07

Moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin is an antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections, including pneumonia, conjunctivitis, endocarditis, tuberculosis, and sinusitis. It can be given by mouth, by injection into a vein, and as an eye drop. Common side effects incl ...

:S01AE08

Besifloxacin Besifloxacin (INN/USAN) is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic. The marketed compound is besifloxacin hydrochloride. It was developed by SSP Co. Ltd., Japan, and designated SS734. SSP licensed U.S. and European rights to SS734 for oph ...

:S01AE09 Tosufloxacin

S01AX Other anti-infectives

:S01AX01

Mercury Mercury commonly refers to: * Mercury (planet), the nearest planet to the Sun * Mercury (element), a metallic chemical element with the symbol Hg * Mercury (mythology), a Roman god Mercury or The Mercury may also refer to: Companies * Merc ...

compounds :S01AX02

Silver Silver is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Ag (from the Latin ', derived from the Proto-Indo-European wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erǵ-, ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47. A soft, whi ...

compounds :S01AX03

Zinc Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. Zinc is a slightly brittle metal at room temperature and has a shiny-greyish appearance when oxidation is removed. It is the first element in group 12 (IIB) of the periodi ...

compounds :S01AX04 Nitrofural :S01AX05 Bibrocathol :S01AX06

Resorcinol Resorcinol (or resorcin) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(OH)2. It is one of three isomeric benzenediols, the 1,3-isomer (or '' meta''-isomer). Resorcinol crystallizes from benzene as colorless needles that are readily soluble in w ...

:S01AX07

Sodium borate Sodium borate is a generic name for any salt of sodium with an anion consisting of boron and oxygen, and possibly hydrogen, or any hydrate thereof. It can be seen as a hydrated sodium salt of the appropriate boroxy acid, although the latter may not ...

:S01AX08

Hexamidine Hexamidine is an antiseptic and disinfectant. Hexomedine is the trade name of a diisethionate solution (1/1.000) of hexamidine. Hexamidine is used primarily as its diisethionate salt, which is more water-soluble than the dihydrochloride. The dih ...

:S01AX09 Chlorhexidine :S01AX10

Sodium propionate Sodium propanoate or sodium propionate is the sodium salt of propionic acid which has the chemical formula Na( C2 H5 C O O). This white crystalline solid is deliquescent in moist air. Reactions It is produced by the reaction of propionic acid a ...

:S01AX14 Dibrompropamidine :S01AX15

Propamidine Propamidine is an antiseptic and disinfectant. Propamidine isethionate, the salt of propamidine with isethionic acid, is used in the treatment of ''Acanthamoeba ''Acanthamoeba'' is a genus of amoebae that are commonly recovered from soil, f ...

:S01AX16 Picloxydine :S01AX18 Povidone-iodine

S01B Anti-inflammatory agents

S01BA
Corticosteroid Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones. Two main classes of corticosteroids, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, are involv ...
s, plain

:S01BA01

Dexamethasone Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid medication used to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, croup, brain swelling, eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena cav ...

:S01BA02 Hydrocortisone :S01BA03 Cortisone :S01BA04

Prednisolone Prednisolone is a steroid medication used to treat certain types of allergies, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. Some of these conditions include adrenocortical insufficiency, high blood calcium, rheumatoid arthrit ...

:S01BA05 Triamcinolone :S01BA06

Betamethasone Betamethasone is a steroid medication. It is used for a number of diseases including rheumatic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, skin diseases such as dermatitis and psoriasis, allergic conditions such ...

:S01BA07 Fluorometholone :S01BA08 Medrysone :S01BA09 Clobetasone :S01BA10 Alclometasone :S01BA11

Desonide Desonide (INN) is a low-potency topical corticosteroid anti-inflammatory that has been available since the 1970s. It is primarily used to treat atopic dermatitis (eczema), seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and psoriasis Psoriasis is ...

:S01BA12

Formocortal Formocortal (INN), also known as fluoroformylone, is a corticosteroid used in dermatology and ophthalmology. It was introduced in around 1970 and is not known to be marketed . See also * Glucocorticoid Glucocorticoids (or, less commonly, ...

:S01BA13

Rimexolone Rimexolone is a glucocorticoid steroid used to treat inflammation in the eye. It is marketed as a 1% eye drop suspension under the trade name Vexol by Alcon Laboratories, but was discontinued in the US and other countries. Drugs.com: . Medica ...

:S01BA14 Loteprednol :S01BA15 Fluocinolone acetonide

S01BB Corticosteroids and mydriatics in combination

:S01BB01 Hydrocortisone and mydriatics :S01BB02 Prednisolone and mydriatics :S01BB03 Fluorometholone and mydriatics :S01BB04 Betamethasone and mydriatics

S01BC Anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroids

:S01BC01 Indometacin :S01BC02

Oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is a metabolite of phenylbutazone. It was withdrawn from markets worldwide in mid-1980s due to bone marrow suppression and the risk of Stevens–Johnson syndrome. The word "o ...

:S01BC03 Diclofenac :S01BC04

Flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen is a member of the phenylalkanoic acid derivative family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It is primarily indicated as a pre-operative anti-miotic (in an ophthalmic solution) as well as orally for arthritis or dent ...

:S01BC05

Ketorolac Ketorolac, sold under the brand names Toradol, and Biorolac among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain. Specifically it is recommended for moderate to severe pain. Recommended duration of treatment is less ...

:S01BC06

Piroxicam Piroxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the oxicam class used to relieve the symptoms of painful inflammatory conditions like arthritis. Piroxicam works by preventing the production of endogenous prostaglandins which are inv ...

:S01BC07 Bendazac :S01BC08

Salicylic acid Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4CO2H. A colorless, bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). It is a plant hormone, and has been listed by the EPA Toxic Substance ...

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Pranoprofen Pranoprofen (INN) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in ophthalmology Ophthalmology ( ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. An ophthalmologist is a physi ...

:S01BC10 Nepafenac :S01BC11

Bromfenac Bromfenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) marketed in the US as an ophthalmic solution (brand names Prolensa and Bromday, prior formulation brand name Xibrom, which has since been discontinued) by ISTA Pharmaceuticals for short ...

S01C Anti-inflammatory agents and anti-infectives in combination

S01CA Corticosteroids and anti-infectives in combination

:S01CA01 Dexamethasone and antiinfectives :S01CA02 Prednisolone and antiinfectives :S01CA03 Hydrocortisone and antiinfectives :S01CA04

Fluocortolone Fluocortolone is a glucocorticoid used in the treatment of several conditions, including hemorrhoids. It is similar to fluocortin, but with one less keto group In organic chemistry, a ketone is a functional group with the structure R–C ...

and antiinfectives :S01CA05 Betamethasone and antiinfectives :S01CA06

Fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone, sold under the brand name Florinef, among others, is a corticosteroid used to treat adrenogenital syndrome, postural hypotension, and adrenal insufficiency. In adrenal insufficiency, it is generally taken together with hydroco ...

and antiinfectives :S01CA07 Fluorometholone and antiinfectives :S01CA08 Methylprednisolone and antiinfectives :S01CA09 Chloroprednisone and antiinfectives :S01CA10

Fluocinolone Fluocinolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid which was never marketed. The acetonide In organic chemistry, an acetonide is the functional group composed of the cyclic ketal of a diol with acetone. The more systematic name for thi ...

acetonide and antiinfectives :S01CA11 Clobetasone and antiinfectives

S01CB Corticosteroids/anti-infectives/mydriatics in combination

:S01CB01 Dexamethasone :S01CB02 Prednisolone :S01CB03 Hydrocortisone :S01CB04 Betamethasone :S01CB05 Fluorometholone

S01CC Anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroids and anti-infectives in combination

:S01CC01 Diclofenac and antiinfectives :S01CC02 Indometacin and antiinfectives

S01E Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics

S01EA
Sympathomimetic Sympathomimetic drugs (also known as adrenergic drugs and adrenergic amines) are stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples of sympathomimetic effects include increases in hea ...
s in
glaucoma Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that result in damage to the optic nerve (or retina) and cause vision loss. The most common type is open-angle (wide angle, chronic simple) glaucoma, in which the drainage angle for fluid within the eye rem ...
therapy

:S01EA01

Epinephrine Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration). It appears as a white microcrystalline granule. Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands and ...

:S01EA02 Dipivefrine :S01EA03

Apraclonidine Apraclonidine ( INN), also known under the brand name Iopidine, is a sympathomimetic used in glaucoma therapy. It is an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist and a weak α1 adrenergic receptor agonist. Topical apraclonidine is administered at a conc ...

:S01EA04

Clonidine Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α2-adrenergic agonist medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal ( alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and c ...

:S01EA05

Brimonidine Brimonidine is a medication used to treat open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and rosacea. In rosacea it improves the redness. It is used as eye drops or applied to the skin. Common side effects when used in the eyes include itchiness, re ...

:S01EA51 Epinephrine, combinations

S01EB Parasympathomimetics

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Pilocarpine Pilocarpine is a medication used to reduce pressure inside the eye and treat dry mouth. As eye drops it is used to manage angle closure glaucoma until surgery can be performed, ocular hypertension, primary open angle glaucoma, and to bring abou ...

:S01EB02

Carbachol Carbachol, also known as carbamylcholine and sold under the brand name Miostat among others, is a cholinomimetic drug that binds and activates acetylcholine receptors. Thus it is classified as a cholinergic agonist. It is primarily used for var ...

:S01EB03 Ecothiopate :S01EB04

Demecarium Demecarium bromide, trade name Humorsol, is a carbamate parasympathomimetic drug that acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and is used as a glaucoma medication. It is applied directly to the eye in order to reduce elevated intraocular pre ...

:S01EB05 Physostigmine :S01EB06 Neostigmine :S01EB07 Fluostigmine :S01EB08

Aceclidine Aceclidine (Glaucostat, Glaunorm, Glaudin) is a parasympathomimetic miotic agent used in the treatment of narrow angle glaucoma. It decreases intraocular pressure. Adverse effects Side effects of aceclidine include increased salivation and bra ...

:S01EB09

Acetylcholine Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals (including humans) as a neurotransmitter. Its name is derived from its chemical structure: it is an ester of acetic acid and choline. Part ...

:S01EB10

Paraoxon Paraoxon is a parasympathomimetic which acts as an cholinesterase inhibitor. It is an organophosphate oxon, and the active metabolite of the insecticide parathion. It is also used as an ophthalmological drug against glaucoma. Paraoxon is one o ...

:S01EB51 Pilocarpine, combinations :S01EB58 Aceclidine, combinations

S01EC
Carbonic anhydrase The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) () form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions). The active site ...
inhibitors

:S01EC01 Acetazolamide :S01EC02 Diclofenamide :S01EC03

Dorzolamide Dorzolamide, sold under the brand name Trusopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye, including in cases of glaucoma. It is used as an eye drop. Effects begin within three hours and last for at least eight hours ...

:S01EC04

Brinzolamide Brinzolamide (trade names Azopt, Alcon Laboratories, Befardin, Fardi Medicals, ) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to lower intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Brinzolamide was approved as a ge ...

:S01EC05

Methazolamide Methazolamide (trade name Neptazane) is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is indicated in the treatment of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in chronic open-angle glaucoma and secondary glaucoma. Also it is used preoperatively in ...

:S01EC54 Brinzolamide, combinations

S01ED Beta blocking agents

:S01ED01

Timolol Timolol is a beta blocker medication used either by mouth or as eye drops. As eye drops it is used to treat increased pressure inside the eye such as in ocular hypertension and glaucoma. By mouth it is used for high blood pressure, chest pai ...

:S01ED02

Betaxolol Betaxolol is a selective beta1 receptor blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. Being selective for beta1 receptors, it typically has fewer systemic side effects than non-selective beta-blockers, for example, not causing bronc ...

:S01ED03

Levobunolol Levobunolol (trade names AKBeta, Betagan, Vistagan, among others) is a non-selective beta blocker. It is used topically in the form of eye drops to manage ocular hypertension (high pressure in the eye) and open-angle glaucoma. Contraindications ...

:S01ED04

Metipranolol Metipranolol (OptiPranolol, Betanol, Disorat, Trimepranol) is a non-selective beta blocker used in eye drops to treat glaucoma Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that result in damage to the optic nerve (or retina) and cause vision loss. Th ...

:S01ED05

Carteolol Carteolol is a non-selective beta blocker used to treat glaucoma. It has been found to act as a serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor antagonist An antagonist is a character in a story who is presented as the chief foe of the protagonist. ...

:S01ED06

Befunolol Befunolol (INN) is a beta blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity used in the management of open-angle glaucoma. It also acts as a β adrenoreceptor partial agonist In pharmacology, partial agonists are drugs that bind to and activate ...

:S01ED51 Timolol, combinations :S01ED52 Betaxolol, combinations :S01ED54 Metipranolol, combinations :S01ED55 Carteolol, combinations

S01EE
Prostaglandin The prostaglandins (PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds called eicosanoids having diverse hormone-like effects in animals. Prostaglandins have been found in almost every tissue in humans and other animals. They are derive ...
analogues

:S01EE01

Latanoprost Latanoprost, sold under the brand name Xalatan among others, is a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye. This includes ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma. It is applied as eye drops to the eyes. Onset of effects i ...

:S01EE02 Unoprostone :S01EE03

Bimatoprost Bimatoprost, sold under the brand name Lumigan among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. Specifically it is used for open angle glaucoma when other agents are not sufficient. It may also be used ...

:S01EE04

Travoprost Travoprost, sold under the brand name Travatan among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. Specifically it is used for open angle glaucoma when other agents are not sufficient. It is used as an eye ...

:S01EE05

Tafluprost Tafluprost (trade names Taflotan by Santen Pharmaceutical, Zioptan by Merck in the US and Saflutan by Mundipharma in Australia) is a prostaglandin analogue. It is used topically (as eye drops) to control the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ...

:S01EE06

Latanoprostene bunod Latanoprostene bunod (trade name Vyzulta) is an ophthalmic drug approved in the United States in 2017 for the reduction of intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that result in damage t ...

:S01EE51 Latanoprost and netarsudil

S01EX Other antiglaucoma preparations

:S01EX01

Guanethidine Guanethidine is an antihypertensive drug that reduces the release of catecholamines, such as norepinephrine. Guanethidine is transported across the sympathetic nerve membrane by the same mechanism that transports norepinephrine itself (NET, upta ...

:S01EX02 Dapiprazole :S01EX05 Netarsudil :S01EX06 Omidenepag :S01EX07

Ripasudil Ripasudil (trade name Glanatec), a derivative of fasudil, is a rho kinase inhibitor drug (previously known as K-115) used for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Ripasudil's mechanism of action a ...

S01F Mydriatics and cycloplegics

S01FA Anticholinergics

:S01FA01

Atropine Atropine is a tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate, and to decrease saliva production during surgery. It is typically given i ...

:S01FA02

Scopolamine Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, or Devil's Breath, is a natural or synthetically produced tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic drug that is formally used as a medication for treating motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting ...

:S01FA03 Methylscopolamine :S01FA04

Cyclopentolate Cyclopentolate is a muscarinic antagonist. It is commonly used as an eye drop during pediatric eye examinations to dilate the eye (mydriatic) and prevent the eye from focusing/ accommodating (cycloplegic). Cyclopentolate or atropine can also be ...

:S01FA05

Homatropine Homatropine (Equipin, Isopto Homatropine) is an anticholinergic medication that is an antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and thus the parasympathetic nervous system. It is used in eye drops as a cycloplegic (to temporarily paraly ...

:S01FA06

Tropicamide Tropicamide, sold under the brand name Mydriacyl among others, is a medication used to dilate the pupil and help with examination of the eye. Specifically it is used to help examine the back of the eye. It is applied as eye drops. Effects occ ...

:S01FA54 Cyclopentolate, combinations :S01FA56 Tropicamide, combinations

S01FB Sympathomimetics excluding antiglaucoma preparations

:S01FB01

Phenylephrine Phenylephrine is a medication primarily used as a decongestant, to dilate the pupil, to increase blood pressure, and to relieve hemorrhoids. In the United States, it was previously used orally as an over-the-counter decongestant to relieve nas ...

:S01FB02 Ephedrine :S01FB03

Ibopamine Ibopamine is a sympathomimetic drug, designed as a prodrug of epinine (deoxyepinephrine or ''N''-methyldopamine), used in ophthalmology. It induces mydriasis. It also has been investigated for use in the treatment of congestive heart failure. I ...

:S01FB51 Phenylephrine and ketorolac :QS01FB90 Oxedrine :QS01FB99 Sympathomimetics, combinations

S01G Decongestants and
antiallergic An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body. Such reactions are called allergies. In technical terms ...
s

S01GA Sympathomimetics used as decongestants

:S01GA01

Naphazoline Naphazoline is a medicine used as a decongestant, and a vasoconstrictor added to eye drops to relieve red eye. It has a rapid action in reducing swelling when applied to mucous membranes. It is a sympathomimetic agent with marked alpha adrenergi ...

:S01GA02

Tetryzoline Tetryzoline (also known as tetrahydrozoline) is a drug used in some over-the-counter eye drops and nasal sprays. Tetryzoline was patented in 1954, and came into medical use in 1959. Side effects Tetryzoline eye drops may cause blurred vision, ey ...

:S01GA03

Xylometazoline Xylometazoline, also spelled xylomethazoline, is a medication used to reduce symptoms of nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis. Use is not recommended for more than seven days. Use is also not recommended in those less than three m ...

:S01GA04 Oxymetazoline :S01GA05 Phenylephrine :S01GA06 Oxedrine :S01GA07

:S01GA51 Naphazoline, combinations :S01GA52 Tetryzoline, combinations :S01GA53 Xylometazoline, combinations :S01GA55 Phenylephrine, combinations :S01GA56 Oxedrine, combinations

S01GX Other antiallergics

:S01GX01

Cromoglicic acid Cromoglicic acid (INN)—also referred to as cromolyn (USAN), cromoglycate (former BAN), or cromoglicate—is traditionally described as a mast cell stabilizer, and is commonly marketed as the sodium salt sodium cromoglicate or cromolyn sodium. ...

:S01GX02 Levocabastine :S01GX03 Spaglumic acid :S01GX04 Nedocromil :S01GX05

Lodoxamide Lodoxamide is an antiallergic pharmaceutical drug. It is marketed under the tradename Alomide in the UK. Like cromoglicic acid it acts as a mast cell stabilizer. In 2014 lodoxamide and bufrolin were found to be potent agonists at the G protein-c ...

:S01GX06 Emedastine :S01GX07

Azelastine Azelastine, sold under the brand name Optivar among others, is a H1 receptor-blocking medication primarily used as a nasal spray to treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis. Other uses may include asthma ...

:S01GX08

Ketotifen Ketotifen, sold under the brand name Zaditor among others, is a second-generation noncompetitive H1-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. It is most commonly sold as a salt with fumaric acid, ketotifen fumarate, and is available in two forms. I ...

:S01GX09 Olopatadine :S01GX10 Epinastine :S01GX11 Alcaftadine :S01GX12 Cetirizine :S01GX13

Bilastine Bilastine is an antihistamine medication used to treat hives (urticaria) and inflammation of the eye (allergic conjunctivitis) caused by an allergy. It is a second-generation antihistamine and takes effect by selectively inhibiting the histami ...

:S01GX51 Cromoglicic acid, combinations

S01H
Local anesthetic A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of pain sensation. In the context of surgery, a local anesthetic creates an absence of pain in a specific location of the body without a loss of consciousness, as opposed to a general an ...
s

S01HA Local anesthetics

:S01HA01

Cocaine Cocaine (from , from , ultimately from Quechuan languages, Quechua: ''kúka'') is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant mainly recreational drug use, used recreationally for its euphoria, euphoric effects. It is primarily obtained from t ...

:S01HA02

Oxybuprocaine Oxybuprocaine (INN), also known as benoxinate or BNX, is an ester-type local anesthetic, which is used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology. Oxybuprocaine is sold by Novartis under the brand names Novesine or Novesin. Safety for use in p ...

:S01HA03 Tetracaine :S01HA04

Proxymetacaine Proxymetacaine (INN) or proparacaine (USAN) is a topical anesthetic drug of the aminoester group. Clinical pharmacology Proxymetacaine is a local anesthetic which on topical application penetrates sensory nerve endings in the corneal tissue. Mec ...

:S01HA05 Procaine :S01HA06

Cinchocaine Cinchocaine (INN/ BAN) or dibucaine (USAN) is an amide local anesthetic. Among the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, current use of cinchocaine is generally restricted to spinal and topical anesthesia. It is sold under th ...

:S01HA07

Lidocaine Lidocaine, also known as lignocaine and sold under the brand name Xylocaine among others, is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type. It is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia. When used for local anaesthesia or in nerve blocks, lidoca ...

:S01HA30 Combinations

S01J Diagnostic agents

S01JA Colouring agents

:S01JA01

Fluorescein Fluorescein is an organic compound and dye based on the xanthene tricyclic structural motif, formally belonging to triarylmethine dyes family. It is available as a dark orange/red powder slightly soluble in water and alcohol. It is widely used ...

:S01JA02 Rose bengal sodium :S01JA51

, combinations

S01JX Other ophthalmological diagnostic agents

S01K Surgical aids

S01KA Viscoelastic substances

:S01KA01

Hyaluronic acid Hyaluronic acid (; abbreviated HA; conjugate base hyaluronate), also called hyaluronan, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. It is unique among glycosaminoglycans ...

:S01KA02

Hypromellose Hypromellose ( INN), short for hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), is a semisynthetic, inert, viscoelastic polymer used in eye drops, as well as an excipient and controlled-delivery component in oral medicaments, found in a variety of commerci ...

:S01KA51 Hyaluronic acid, combinations

S01KX Other surgical aids

:S01KX01

Chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin (, chymotrypsins A and B, alpha-chymar ophth, avazyme, chymar, chymotest, enzeon, quimar, quimotrase, alpha-chymar, alpha-chymotrypsin A, alpha-chymotrypsin) is a digestive enzyme component of pancreatic juice acting in the duodenu ...

:S01KX02

Trypan blue Trypan blue is an azo dye. It is a direct dye for cotton textiles. In biosciences, it is used as a vital stain to selectively colour dead tissues or cells blue. Live cells or tissues with intact cell membranes are not coloured. Since cells a ...

S01L Ocular vascular disorder agents

S01LA Anti
neovascularisation Neovascularization is the natural formation of new blood vessels ('' neo-'' + ''vascular'' + '' -ization''), usually in the form of functional microvascular networks, capable of perfusion by red blood cells, that form to serve as collateral circul ...
agents

:S01LA01

Verteporfin Verteporfin (trade name Visudyne), a benzoporphyrin derivative, is a medication used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy to eliminate the abnormal blood vessels in the eye associated with conditions such as the wet form of macular dege ...

:S01LA02 Anecortave :S01LA03

Pegaptanib Pegaptanib sodium injection (brand name Macugen) is an anti-angiogenic medicine for the treatment of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It was discovered by NeXstar Pharmaceuticals (which merged with Gilead Sciences in 1999 ...

:S01LA04

Ranibizumab Ranibizumab, sold under the brand name Lucentis among others, is a monoclonal antibody fragment ( Fab) created from the same parent mouse antibody as bevacizumab. It is an anti-angiogenic that is approved to treat the "wet" type of age-related m ...

:S01LA05 Aflibercept :S01LA06

Brolucizumab Brolucizumab sold under trade name Beovu among others, is a humanized single-chain antibody fragment for the treatment of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The most common side effects are reduced visual acuity, cataract ...

:S01LA07 Abicipar pegol :S01LA08

Bevacizumab Bevacizumab, sold under the brand name Avastin among others, is a medication used to treat a number of types of cancers and a specific eye disease. For cancer, it is given by slow injection into a vein (intravenous) and used for colon cancer, l ...

:S01LA09

Faricimab Faricimab, sold under the brand name Vabysmo, is a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Faricimab is the first bispecific monoclonal antibody, to tar ...

S01X Other ophthalmologicals

S01XA Other ophthalmologicals

:S01XA01

Guaiazulene Guaiazulene, also azulon or 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene, is a dark blue crystalline hydrocarbon. A derivative of azulene, guaiazulene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of some essential oils, mainly oil of guaiac and chamomile ...

:S01XA02

Retinol Retinol, also called vitamin A1, is a fat-soluble vitamin in the vitamin A family found in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent vitamin A deficiency, especially that which results in xerophtha ...

:S01XA03

Sodium chloride Sodium chloride , commonly known as salt (although sea salt also contains other chemical salts), is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. With molar masses of 22.99 and 35.45 g ...

hypertonic In chemical biology, tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient; the water potential of two solutions separated by a partially-permeable cell membrane. Tonicity depends on the relative concentration of selective membrane- ...

:S01XA04 Potassium iodide :S01XA05 Sodium edetate :S01XA06

Ethylmorphine Ethylmorphine (also known as codethyline, dionine, and ethyl morphine) is an opioid analgesic and antitussive. Side effects Adverse effects are similar to other opioids and include drowsiness, constipation, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and respirat ...

:S01XA07

Alum An alum () is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double salt, double sulfate salt (chemistry), salt of aluminium with the general chemical formula, formula , where is a valence (chemistry), monovalent cation such as potassium or a ...

:S01XA08

Acetylcysteine Acetylcysteine, also known as ''N''-acetylcysteine (NAC), is a medication that is used to treat paracetamol overdose and to loosen thick mucus in individuals with chronic bronchopulmonary disorders like pneumonia and bronchitis. It has been used ...

:S01XA09 Iodoheparinate :S01XA10 Inosine :S01XA11 Nandrolone :S01XA12

Dexpanthenol Panthenol (also called pantothenol) is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and is thus a provitamin of B5. In organisms, it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid. It is a viscous transparent liquid at room temperature. Panthen ...

:S01XA13 Alteplase :S01XA14

Heparin Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is a medication and naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. Since heparins depend on the activity of antithrombin, they are considered anticoagulants. Specifically it is also used in the treatm ...

:S01XA15

Ascorbic acid Vitamin C (also known as ascorbic acid and ascorbate) is a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus and other fruits and vegetables, also sold as a dietary supplement and as a topical 'serum' ingredient to treat melasma (dark pigment spots) an ...

:S01XA18 Ciclosporin :S01XA19 Limbal stem cells, autologous :S01XA20 Artificial tears and other indifferent preparations :S01XA21 Mercaptamine :S01XA22

Ocriplasmin Ocriplasmin (trade name Jetrea) is a recombinant protease with activity against fibronectin and laminin, components of the vitreoretinal interface. It is used for treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion, for which it received FDA approval ...

:S01XA23 Sirolimus :S01XA24

Cenegermin Cenegermin, sold under the brand name Oxervate, also known as recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF), is a recombinant form of human nerve growth factor (NGF). In July 2017, it was approved in the European Union as an eye drop formulation ...

:S01XA25 Lifitegrast :S01XA26

Riboflavin Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement. It is essential to the formation of two major coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. These coenzymes are involved in ...

:S01XA27 Voretigene neparvovec :S01XA28

Varenicline Varenicline (trade name Chantix and Champix) is a medication used for smoking cessation. Varenicline is also used for the treatment of dry eye disease. The most common side-effects include nausea (feeling sick), insomnia (difficulty sleeping), a ...

:S01XA29 Sepofarsen :QS01XA91 Pirenoxin

References

{{Ocular vascular disorder agents S01