L04A Immunosuppressants

L04AA Selective immunosuppressants

:L04AA03 Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse) :L04AA04 Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) :L04AA06

Mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant medication used to prevent rejection following organ transplantation and to treat autoimmune conditions such as Crohn's disease and lupus. Specifically it is used following kidney, heart, and live ...

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Alefacept Alefacept is a genetically engineered immunosuppressive drug. It was sold under the brand name Amevive in Canada, the United States, Israel, Switzerland and Australia. In 2011, the manufacturers made a decision to cease promotion, manufacturing, d ...

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Gusperimus Gusperimus is an immunosuppressive drug. It is a derivative of the naturally occurring HSP70 inhibitor spergualin, and inhibits the interleukin-2-stimulated maturation of T cells to the S and G2/M phases and the polarization of the T cells into IF ...

:L04AA22 Abetimus :L04AA24

Abatacept Abatacept, sold under the brand name Orencia, is a medication used to treat autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, by interfering with the immune activity of T cells. It is a modified antibody. Abatacept is a fusion protein composed of ...

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Belatacept Belatacept, sold under the brand name Nulojix, is a fusion protein composed of the Fc fragment of a human IgG1 immunoglobulin linked to the extracellular domain of CTLA-4, which is a molecule crucial in the regulation of T cell costimulation, s ...

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Apremilast Apremilast, sold under the brand name Otezla among others, is a medication for the treatment of certain types of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. It may also be useful for other immune system-related inflammatory diseases. The drug acts as a se ...

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Cladribine Cladribine, sold under the brand name Leustatin, among others, is a medication used to treat hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cladribine, sold under the brand name Mavenclad, is indicate ...

:L04AA41 Imlifidase :L04AA48 Belumosudil :L04AA58 Efgartigimod alfa

L04AB Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors

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Etanercept Etanercept, sold under the brand name Enbrel among others, is a biologic medical product that is used to treat autoimmune diseases by interfering with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a soluble inflammatory cytokine, by acting as a TNF inhibitor. It h ...

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Infliximab Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, sold under the brand name Remicade among others, is a medication used to treat a number of autoimmune diseases. This includes Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spon ...

:L04AB03 Afelimomab :L04AB04

Adalimumab Adalimumab, sold under the brand name Humira, among others, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, plaque psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativ ...

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Certolizumab pegol Certolizumab pegol, sold under the brand name Cimzia, is a biologic medication for the treatment of Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. It is a fragment of a monoclonal antibody specific to tumor ...

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Golimumab Golimumab is a human monoclonal antibody which is used as an immunosuppressive medication and sold under the brand name Simponi. Golimumab targets tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a pro-inflammatory molecule and hence is a TNF inhibitor. ...

:L04AB07 Opinercept

L04AC Interleukin inhibitors

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Daclizumab Daclizumab (trade name Zinbryta) is a therapeutic humanized monoclonal antibody which was used for the treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Daclizumab works by binding to CD25, the alpha subunit of the IL-2 receptor ...

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Basiliximab Basiliximab (trade name Simulect) is a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody to the α chain (CD25) of the IL-2 receptor of T cells. It is used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation, especially in kidney transplants. Uses Basiliximab ...

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Anakinra Anakinra, sold under the brand name Kineret, is a biopharmaceutical medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, familial Mediterranean fever, and Still's disease. It is a recombinant and slightly modifi ...

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Rilonacept Rilonacept, sold under the brand name Arcalyst, is a medication used to treat cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, and Muckle–Wells syndrome; deficiency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist ...

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Ustekinumab Ustekinumab, sold under the brand name Stelara is a monoclonal antibody medication developed by Janssen Pharmaceuticals, for the treatment of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, targeting both IL-12 and ...

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Tocilizumab Tocilizumab, sold under the brand name Actemra among others, is an immunosuppressive drug, used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, a severe form of arthritis in children, and COVID19. It is a hu ...

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Canakinumab Canakinumab (International Nonproprietary Name, INN), sold under the brand name Ilaris, is a medication for the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and active Still's disease, including adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). ...

:L04AC09 Briakinumab :L04AC10

Secukinumab Secukinumab, sold under the brand name Cosentyx, is a human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis. It binds to the protein interleukin (IL)-17A and is marketed by Novartis ...

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Siltuximab Siltuximab (INN, trade name Sylvant; also known as CNTO 328, anti-IL-6 chimeric monoclonal antibody or cCLB8) is a chimeric (made from human and mouse proteins) monoclonal antibody. It binds to interleukin-6. Siltuximab has been investigated for ...

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Brodalumab Brodalumab, sold under the brand name Siliq in the US and Kyntheum in the EU, is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In February 2017, it received US FDA approval to treat moderate to severe plaque ps ...

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Ixekizumab Ixekizumab, sold under the brand name Taltz, is an injectable medication for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Chemically, it is a form of a humanized monoclonal antibody. The substance acts by binding interleukin 17A and neutralizing it, re ...

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Sarilumab Sarilumab, sold under the brand name Kevzara, is a human monoclonal antibody medication against the interleukin-6 receptor. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi developed the drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), for which it rece ...

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Sirukumab Sirukumab (INN, USAN) (developmental code name CNTO-136, tentative brand name Plivensia) is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It acts against the proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin 6 (IL-6). Sirukum ...

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Guselkumab Guselkumab, sold under the brand name Tremfya, is a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-23 used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Medical uses Guselkumab is indicated to treat moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, and psoriatic arthri ...

:L04AC17 Tildrakizumab :L04AC18

Risankizumab Risankizumab, sold under the brand name Skyrizi, is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 23A (IL-23A). Risankizumab is part of a collaboration between Boehringer Ingelheim and AbbVie. Risankizumab has been approved in the Europe ...

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Satralizumab Satralizumab, sold under the brand name Enspryng, is a humanized monoclonal antibody medication that is used for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), a rare autoimmune disease. The drug is being developed by Chugai Phar ...

:L04AC20 Netakimab :L04AC21 Bimekizumab :L04AC22 Spesolimab :L04AC23

Olokizumab Olokizumab is an immunomodulator. It binds to interleukin 6. Hence acting as an Anti-IL-6 therapeutic aimed at inflammatory disease e.g. rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It had promising results in a phase II trial against placebo or tocilizumab for pa ...

L04AD Calcineurin inhibitors

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Ciclosporin Ciclosporin, also spelled cyclosporine and cyclosporin, is a calcineurin inhibitor, used as an immunosuppressant medication. It is a natural product. It is taken orally or intravenously for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, ...

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Tacrolimus Tacrolimus, sold under the brand name Prograf among others, is an immunosuppressive drug. After allogeneic organ transplant, the risk of organ rejection is moderate. To lower the risk of organ rejection, tacrolimus is given. The drug can also ...

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Voclosporin Voclosporin, sold under the brand name Lupkynis, is a calcineurin inhibitor used as an immunosuppressant medication for the treatment of lupus nephritis. It is an analog of ciclosporin that has enhanced action against calcineurin and greater me ...

L04AE Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators

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Fingolimod Fingolimod, sold under the brand name Gilenya, is an immunomodulating medication, mostly used for treating multiple sclerosis (MS). Fingolimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, which sequesters lymphocytes in lymph nodes, prevent ...

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Ozanimod Ozanimod, sold under the brand name Zeposia, is an immunomodulatory medication for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis. It acts as a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist, sequestering lymphocytes to p ...

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Siponimod Siponimod, sold under the brand name Mayzent, is a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator for oral use that is used for multiple sclerosis (MS). It is intended for once-daily oral administration. In March 2019, it was approved in t ...

:L04AE04 Ponesimod :L04AE05 Etrasimod

L04AF Janus-associated kinase (JAK) inhibitors

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Tofacitinib Tofacitinib, sold under the brand Xeljanz among others, is a medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. Common side effects include diarrhea, headache, and high blood pressure. Serious side eff ...

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Baricitinib Baricitinib, sold under the brand name Olumiant among others, is a medication used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, alopecia areata, and COVID-19. It acts as an inhibitor of janus kinase (JAK), blocking the subtypes JAK1 and JAK2. ...

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Upadacitinib Upadacitinib, sold under the brand name Rinvoq, is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor medication for the treatment of moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis in adults where methotrexate (a drug used to treat act ...

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Filgotinib Filgotinib, sold under the brand name Jyseleca, is a medication used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It was developed by the Belgium, Belgian-Netherlands, Dutch biotech company Galapagos NV. The most common side effects include na ...

:L04AF05 Itacitinib :L04AF06

Peficitinib Peficitinib (trade name Smyraf) is a pharmaceutical drug used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It belongs to the class of drugs known as Janus kinase inhibitor A Janus kinase inhibitor, also known as JAK inhibitor or jakinib, is a typ ...

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Deucravacitinib Deucravacitinib, sold under the brand name Sotyktu, is medication used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. It is a tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) inhibitor and it is taken by mouth. It was developed by Bristol Myers Squibb. De ...

:L04AF08 Ritlecitinib

L04AG Monoclonal antibodies

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Muromonab-CD3 Muromonab-CD3 (trade name Orthoclone OKT3, marketed by Janssen-Cilag) is an immunosuppressant drug given to reduce acute rejection in patients with organ transplants. It is a monoclonal antibody targeted at the CD3 receptor, a membrane protein on ...

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Efalizumab Efalizumab (trade name Raptiva, Genentech, Merck Serono) is a formerly available medication designed to treat autoimmune diseases, originally marketed to treat psoriasis. As implied by the suffix ''-zumab'', it is a recombinant humanized monoclon ...

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Natalizumab Natalizumab, sold under the brand name Tysabri among others, is a medication used to treat multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease. It is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the cell adhesion molecule α4-integrin. It is given by intravenou ...

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Belimumab Belimumab, sold under the brand name Benlysta, is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits B-cell activating factor (BAFF), also known as B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS). It is approved in the United States, Canada, and the European Union to treat ...

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Vedolizumab Vedolizumab, sold under the brand name Entyvio, is a monoclonal antibody medication developed by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It binds to integrin α4β7 ( LPAM-1, lymphocyte Peyer ...

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Alemtuzumab Alemtuzumab, sold under the brand names Campath and Lemtrada among others, is a medication used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple sclerosis. In CLL, it has been used as both a first line and second line treatment. In MS it ...

:L04AG07 Begelomab :L04AG08

Ocrelizumab Ocrelizumab, sold under the brand name Ocrevus, is a medication used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. It targets CD20 marker on B lymphocytes and hence is an immunosuppressive drug. O ...

:L04AG09 Emapalumab :L04AG10 Inebilizumab :L04AG11

Anifrolumab Anifrolumab, sold under the brand name Saphnelo, is a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It binds to the type I interferon receptor, blocking the activity of type I interferons such as interferon ...

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Ofatumumab Ofatumumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody to CD20, which appears to provide rapid B-cell depletion. Under the brand name Kesimpta, it is approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis in the United States as well as in the European Unio ...

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Teprotumumab Teprotumumab, sold under the brand name Tepezza, is a medication used to treat adults with thyroid eye disease, a rare condition where the muscles and fatty tissues behind the eye become inflamed, causing the eyes to bulge outwards. The most ...

:L04AG14 Ublituximab :L04AG15 Divozilimab :L04AG16 Rozanolixizumab

L04AH Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitors

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Sirolimus Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin and sold under the brand name Rapamune among others, is a macrolide compound that is used to coat coronary stents, prevent organ transplant rejection, treat a rare lung disease called lymphangioleiomyomatosis, ...

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Everolimus Everolimus, sold under the brand name Afinitor among others, is a medication used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection of organ transplants and as a targeted therapy in the treatment of renal cell cancer and other tumours. It is the 40 ...

L04AJ Complement inhibitors

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Eculizumab Eculizumab, sold under the brand name Soliris among others, is a medication used to treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), generalized myasthenia gravis, and neuromyelitis optica. In people ...

:L04AJ02 Ravulizumab :L04AJ03

Pegcetacoplan Pegcetacoplan, sold under the brand name Empaveli, among others, is a medication used to treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and geographic atrophy of the retina. Pegcetacoplan is a complement inhibitor. The most common side effects in ...

:L04AJ04 Sutimlimab :L04AJ05

Avacopan Avacopan, sold under the brand name Tavneos, is a medication used to treat anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis. Avacopan is a complement 5a receptor antagonist and a cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor. The most common si ...

:L04AJ06 Zilucoplan :L04AJ07 Crovalimab :L04AJ08 Iptacopan :L04AJ09 Danicopan

L04AK Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors

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Leflunomide Leflunomide, sold under the brand name Arava among others, is an immunosuppressive disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), used in active moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. It is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibito ...

:L04AK02

Teriflunomide Teriflunomide, sold under the brand name Aubagio, is the active metabolite of leflunomide. Teriflunomide was investigated in the Phase III clinical trial TEMSO as a medication for multiple sclerosis (MS). The study was completed in July 2010. 2-ye ...

L04AX Other immunosuppressants

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Azathioprine Azathioprine (AZA), sold under the brand name Imuran, among others, is an immunosuppressive medication. It is used in rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, ...

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Thalidomide Thalidomide, sold under the brand names Contergan and Thalomid among others, is a medication used to treat a number of cancers (including multiple myeloma), graft-versus-host disease, and a number of skin conditions including complications of ...

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Methotrexate Methotrexate (MTX), formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and immune-system suppressant. It is used to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, and ectopic pregnancies. Types of cancers it is used for include breast cancer, leuke ...

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Lenalidomide Lenalidomide, sold under the trade name Revlimid among others, is a medication used to treat multiple myeloma, smoldering myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). For multiple myeloma, it is used after at least one other treatment and gene ...

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Pirfenidone Pirfenidone is a medication used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It works by reducing lung fibrosis through downregulation of the production of growth factors and procollagens I and II. It was first approved in Japan for the ...

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Pomalidomide Pomalidomide (INN; marketed as Pomalyst in the US and Imnovid in the European Union and Russia) is a derivative of thalidomide marketed by Celgene. It is anti-angiogenic and also acts as an immunomodulator. Pomalidomide was approved in Februar ...

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Dimethyl fumarate Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is the methyl ester of fumaric acid and is named after the earth smoke plant (''Fumaria officinalis''). Dimethyl fumarate combined with three other fumaric acid esters (FAEs) is solely licensed in Germany as an oral thera ...

:L04AX08 Darvadstrocel :L04AX09

Diroximel fumarate Diroximel fumarate, sold under the brand name Vumerity, is a medication used for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). It acts as an immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory drug. Its most common adverse effects are flush ...

References

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