The Mikulin AM-35 was a 1930s

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

piston A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors, hydraulic cylinders and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-tig ...

aircraft engine An aircraft engine, often referred to as an aero engine, is the power component of an aircraft propulsion system. Most aircraft engines are either piston engines or gas turbines, although a few have been rocket powered and in recent years many ...

. Derived from the AM-34FRN, the AM-35 entered production in 1940 and was used on the MiG-1 and

MiG-3 The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 (russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-3) was a Soviet fighter-interceptor used during World War II. It was a development of the MiG-1 by the OKO (opytno-konstruktorskij otdel — Experimental Design Departme ...

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

fighters Fighter(s) or The Fighter(s) may refer to: Combat and warfare * Combatant, an individual legally entitled to engage in hostilities during an international armed conflict * Fighter aircraft, a warplane designed to destroy or damage enemy warplan ...

as well as the Petlyakov Pe-8

heavy bomber Heavy bombers are bomber aircraft capable of delivering the largest payload of air-to-ground weaponry (usually bombs) and longest range (takeoff to landing) of their era. Archetypal heavy bombers have therefore usually been among the larges ...

Description

The AM-35 was a high-altitude engine for fighters and bombers that evolved from the earlier AM-34FRN. Compared to the AM-34FRN it had an improved cylinder block, strengthened crankcase, higher compression ratio and a single-speed geared centrifugal supercharger with variable incidence blades. The AM-35 was developed in 1938 at the design bureau of Factory No. 24 now called the Salyut factory in Moscow. In March 1939 the AM-35 successfully passed its Factory tests and in April 1939 it passed its State tests. However, the VVS was not satisfied with the engine due to its rated power of 1,300 horsepower, which was 200 horsepower less than the specified requirement. The AM-35 also used a single-speed supercharger instead of the two-speed supercharger specified. In order to obtain higher performance a new version the AM-35A was designed with greater supercharger output and this was produced in large numbers at Factory No. 24 until the end of 1941 when the factory was evacuated to Kuybyshev. Although formally phased out of production small numbers of replacement AM-35A engines were produced at Kuybyshev during 1942-43 from AM-38 parts. In total 4,659 AM-35 and AM-35A engines were produced. A combination of factors led to the AM-35 being removed from production: # The majority of air combat on the Eastern Front took place at low-altitude and the AM-35 performed best at high-altitude. # Although having good high-altitude performance the MiG-3 was demanding to fly and a lack of experienced pilots lead to high attrition through combat and accidents. # At low-altitude, the MiG-3 did not have a performance advantage over its opponents. # The MiG-3 had ineffective armament and efforts to increase its armament and recast it as a

fighter-bomber A fighter-bomber is a fighter aircraft that has been modified, or used primarily, as a light bomber or attack aircraft. It differs from bomber and attack aircraft primarily in its origins, as a fighter that has been adapted into other roles, wh ...

failed. # The Petlyakov Pe-8 was never produced in large numbers and other engines such as the

Charomskiy ACh-30 The Charomskiy ACh-30 was a Soviet aircraft diesel engine developed during World War II. The initial version was not very satisfactory and it was cancelled when its factory was forced to evacuate in the autumn of 1941. Production was reinitiated i ...

Charomskiy M-40 The Charomskiy M-40 was a Soviet turbocharged aircraft diesel engine developed during World War II. It was used in a few Petlyakov Pe-8 heavy bombers until August 1941 when it was removed, because it was unreliable at high altitudes. The engines w ...

, and Shvetsov ASh-82 were used instead. # The Ilyushin Il-2 was found to be better suited to the low-altitude

ground-attack In military tactics, close air support (CAS) is defined as air action such as Airstrike, air strikes by Fixed-wing aircraft, fixed or rotorcraft, rotary-winged aircraft against hostile targets near friendly forces and require detailed integration ...

role than the MiG-3 so production of the MiG-3 was terminated. The AM-35 offered no advantages in the ground-attack role so production was switched to the AM-38 which was optimized for low-altitude performance.

Variants

* AM-35NV: A

fuel-injected Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and Wankel rotary engines. All compr ...

version developed in October 1939. * AM-35G: A version with

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cooling. * AM-35TK: A version with either TK-2 or TK-35 turbo-superchargers. * AM-35A: The majority of engines produced were AM-35A's. * AM-35ANV: A version with ethylene glycol cooling and fuel-injection. Tested but canceled in 1942. * AM-35A-TR: A 1940 project with Efremov turbo-reactors. * GAM-35FN: A project for a marine engine based on the AM-35.Kotelnikov 2005, p. 109.

Specifications (AM-35A)

Applications

* MiG-1 *

* Petlyakov Pe-8

References

Notes

Bibliography

* Gunston, Bill. ''World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines''. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. * Kotelnikov, Vladimir. ''Russian Piston Aero Engines''. Marlborough, Wiltshire. The Crowood Press Ltd. 2005. . {{Mikulin aeroengines Mikulin aircraft engines 1930s aircraft piston engines V12 aircraft engines