__NOTOC__ Year 865 ( DCCCLXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

* King Louis the German divides the East Frankish Kingdom among his three sons. Carloman receives Bavaria (with more lands along the

Inn River , image = UnterinntalWest.JPG , image_caption = Lower Inn valley from Rattenberg castle , source1_location = Swiss Alps (Lägh dal Lunghin) , source1_elevation = , source1_coordinates= , mouth_location = Danube (Passau) , mo ...

). He gives Saxony to Louis the Younger (with Franconia, and Thuringia) and

Swabia Swabia ; german: Schwaben , colloquially ''Schwabenland'' or ''Ländle''; archaic English also Suabia or Svebia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of ...

(with Raetia) to Charles the Fat. Louis arranges marriages into the local

aristocracy Aristocracy (, ) is a form of government that places strength in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocracy (class), aristocrats. The term derives from the el, αριστοκρατία (), meaning 'rule of the best'. At t ...

, for his sons to hold important territories along the frontiers. * King

Lothair II Lothair II (835 – 8 August 869) was the king of Lotharingia from 855 until his death. He was the second son of Emperor Lothair I and Ermengarde of Tours. He was married to Teutberga (died 875), daughter of Boso the Elder. Reign For political ...

, threatened with excommunication, takes back his first wife, Teutberga. She expresses her desire for an annulment, but this is refused by

Pope Nicholas I Pope Nicholas I ( la, Nicolaus I; c. 800 – 13 November 867), called Nicholas the Great, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 24 April 858 until his death. He is remembered as a consolidator of papal authority, exerting dec ...

. *

Boris I Boris I, also known as Boris-Mihail (Michael) and ''Bogoris'' ( cu, Борисъ А҃ / Борисъ-Михаилъ bg, Борис I / Борис-Михаил; died 2 May 907), was the ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire in 852–889. At ...

, ruler (''

knyaz , or ( Old Church Slavonic: Кнѧзь) is a historical Slavic title, used both as a royal and noble title in different times of history and different ancient Slavic lands. It is usually translated into English as prince or duke, dependi ...

'') of the

Bulgarian Empire In the medieval history of Europe, Bulgaria's status as the Bulgarian Empire ( bg, Българско царство, ''Balgarsko tsarstvo'' ) occurred in two distinct periods: between the seventh and the eleventh centuries and again between the ...

, suppresses a

revolt Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority. A rebellion originates from a sentiment of indignation and disapproval of a situation and ...

, and orders the execution of 52 leading

boyar A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism, feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Kievan Rus', Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria, Russian nobility, Russia, Boyars of Moldavia and Wallachia, Wallachia and ...

s, along with their whole families.

Britain

* The Great Heathen Army (probably no more than 1,000 men) of Vikings, led by Ivar the Boneless and Halfdan Ragnarsson, invades

East Anglia East Anglia is an area in the East of England, often defined as including the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire. The name derives from the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the East Angles, a people whose name originated in Anglia, in ...

. King Edmund of East Anglia buys peace with a supply of horses. * Viking king Ragnar Lodbrok is captured by the Northumbrians in battle, and killed by being thrown into a pit filled with poisonous snakes, on the orders of King Ælla of Northumbria. * Autumn – King

Æthelberht of Wessex Æthelberht, Aethelbert or Ethelbert is a masculine given name which may refer to: People Æthelberht * Æthelberht of Kent (c. 550–616), King of Kent * Æthelred and Æthelberht (died c. 669), possibly legendary princes of Kent, saints and mart ...

dies after a 5-year reign, and is buried at Sherborne Abbey ( Dorset). He is succeeded by his brother Æthelred I, as ruler of Wessex.

Abbasid Caliphate

* Caliphal Civil War: An armed conflict starts between the rival Muslim caliphs al-Musta'in and al-Mu'tazz. They fight to determine who takes control over the Abbasid Caliphate (until

866 __NOTOC__ Year 866 ( DCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * April 21 – Bardas, the regent of the Byzantine Empire, is murd ...

By topic

Religion

* Kassia, a Byzantine abbess and hymnographer, dies. She is one of the first Early Medieval composers of many hymns.

Births

* Al-Nayrizi, Persian mathematician (d. 922) * Baldwin II, Frankish margrave (approximate date) * Jinseong, queen of Silla (approximate date) * Lady Ren Neiming, Chinese noblewoman (d. 918) * Louis III, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (or

863 __NOTOC__ Year 863 ( DCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * September 3 – Battle of Lalakaon: A Byzantine army confronts ...

) * Simeon I, ruler (''

khan Khan may refer to: *Khan (inn), from Persian, a caravanserai or resting-place for a travelling caravan *Khan (surname), including a list of people with the name *Khan (title), a royal title for a ruler in Mongol and Turkic languages and used by ...

'') of the

(or 864)

Deaths

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. *1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. *1488 – ...

– Ansgar, Frankish monk and

archbishop In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdi ...

(b. 801) * March 8 – Rudolf of Fulda, German theologian * November 11 –

Petronas Petroliam Nasional Berhad (National Petroleum Limited), commonly known as Petronas, is a Malaysian oil and gas company. Established in 1974 and wholly owned by the Government of Malaysia, the corporation is vested with all oil and gas reso ...

, Byzantine general * December 26 – Zheng, empress of the Tang Dynasty * Æthelberht, king of Wessex *

Antony the Younger Saint Antony the Younger ( el, Ἀντώνιος ὁ νέος, 78511 November 865) was a Byzantine military officer who became a monk and saint. He is commemorated by the Eastern Orthodox Church on 1 December. Biography Saint Antony was born John ...

, Byzantine governor and saint (b. 785) *

Deshan Xuanjian Deshan Xuanjian (; Pinyin: Déshān Xuānjiàn; ), was a Chinese Zen Buddhist monk during the Tang dynasty. He was born in Jiannan in what is now Sichuan Province. He is remembered for hitting his students with a cane to express awakening. Through ...

, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk *

Gao Qu Gao Qu (高璩) (died 865), courtesy name Yingzhi (瑩之), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving briefly (less than one year) during the reign of Emperor Yizong. Background Gao Qu's family was descended from the imperial house of ...

, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty * Kassia, Byzantine abbess and hymnographer * Khurshid, ruler ('' shah'') of Daylam * Liu Gongquan, Chinese calligrapher (b.

778 __NOTOC__ Year 778 ( DCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 778 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent metho ...

) * Lothair the Lame, Frankish abbot *

Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Jarjara'i Muḥammad ibn al-Faḍl al-Jarjarāʾī () was a senior Abbasid official and vizier briefly in 847/8 and again in 863 until his death in 864/5. As his ''nisba'' shows, he came from the locality of Jarjaraya, south of Baghdad. He was born in ca. 78 ...

, Muslim vizier (or 864) * Pepin II, king of Aquitaine (approximate date) * Ragnar Lodbrok, king of Denmark and

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

* Raymond I, count of Toulouse * Rorgon II, count of Maine (approximate date) * Tigernach mac Fócartai, king of Lagore ( Ireland) * Wenilo, Frankish

* Xiao Zhi, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty *

Yahya ibn Umar Yaḥyā ibn ʿUmar ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Zayd ibn ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib was an Alid Imam. His mother was Umm al-Ḥusayn Fāṭima bint al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ismāʿīl ibn ...

, Muslim

imam Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, ser ...

(or 864)

References

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