In
geometry
Geometry (; ) is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It is concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is c ...
, the 5-cubic honeycomb or penteractic honeycomb is the only regular space-filling
tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called ''tiles'', with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to higher dimensions and a variety of ge ...
(or
honeycomb
A honeycomb is a mass of hexagonal prismatic wax cells built by honey bees in their nests to contain their larvae and stores of honey and pollen.
Beekeepers may remove the entire honeycomb to harvest honey. Honey bees consume about of honey t ...
) in
Euclidean 5-space. Four
5-cube
In five-dimensional geometry, a 5-cube is a name for a five-dimensional hypercube with 32 vertices, 80 edges, 80 square faces, 40 cubic cells, and 10 tesseract 4-faces.
It is represented by Schläfli symbol or , constructed as 3 tesseracts ...
s meet at each cubic cell, and it is more explicitly called an ''order-4
penteractic honeycomb
In geometry, the 5-cubic honeycomb or penteractic honeycomb is the only regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 5-space. Four 5-cubes meet at each cubic cell, and it is more explicitly called an ''order-4 penteractic hone ...
''.
It is analogous to the
square tiling
In geometry, the square tiling, square tessellation or square grid is a regular tiling of the Euclidean plane. It has Schläfli symbol of meaning it has 4 squares around every vertex.
Conway called it a quadrille.
The internal angle of th ...
of the plane and to the
cubic honeycomb
The cubic honeycomb or cubic cellulation is the only proper regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space made up of cubic cells. It has 4 cubes around every edge, and 8 cubes around each vertex. Its vertex figure is a ...
of
3-space
Three-dimensional space (also: 3D space, 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a geometric setting in which three values (called '' parameters'') are required to determine the position of an element (i.e., point). This is the informa ...
, and the
tesseractic honeycomb
In four-dimensional euclidean geometry, the tesseractic honeycomb is one of the three regular space-filling tessellations (or honeycombs), represented by Schläfli symbol , and constructed by a 4-dimensional packing of tesseract facets.
Its verte ...
of
4-space
A four-dimensional space (4D) is a mathematical extension of the concept of three-dimensional or 3D space. Three-dimensional space is the simplest possible abstraction of the observation that one only needs three numbers, called ''dimensions'', ...
.
Constructions
There are many different
Wythoff construction
In geometry, a Wythoff construction, named after mathematician Willem Abraham Wythoff, is a method for constructing a uniform polyhedron or plane tiling. It is often referred to as Wythoff's kaleidoscopic construction.
Construction process
...
s of this honeycomb. The most symmetric form is
regular
The term regular can mean normal or in accordance with rules. It may refer to:
People
* Moses Regular (born 1971), America football player
Arts, entertainment, and media Music
* "Regular" (Badfinger song)
* Regular tunings of stringed instrum ...
, with
Schläfli symbol
In geometry, the Schläfli symbol is a notation of the form \ that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.
The Schläfli symbol is named after the 19th-century Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli, who generalized Euclidean geometry to mor ...
. Another form has two alternating
5-cube
In five-dimensional geometry, a 5-cube is a name for a five-dimensional hypercube with 32 vertices, 80 edges, 80 square faces, 40 cubic cells, and 10 tesseract 4-faces.
It is represented by Schläfli symbol or , constructed as 3 tesseracts ...
facets (like a checkerboard) with Schläfli symbol . The lowest symmetry Wythoff construction has 32 types of facets around each vertex and a prismatic product Schläfli symbol
5.
Related polytopes and honeycombs
The
3,4">,33,4 , Coxeter group generates 63 permutations of uniform tessellations, 35 with unique symmetry and 34 with unique geometry. The
expanded 5-cubic honeycomb is geometrically identical to the 5-cubic honeycomb.
The ''5-cubic honeycomb'' can be
alternated into the
5-demicubic honeycomb
The 5-demicube honeycomb (or demipenteractic honeycomb) is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 5-space. It is constructed as an alternation of the regular 5-cube honeycomb.
It is the first tessellation in the dem ...
, replacing the 5-cubes with
5-demicube
In five-dimensional geometry, a demipenteract or 5-demicube is a semiregular 5-polytope, constructed from a ''5-hypercube'' ( penteract) with alternated vertices removed.
It was discovered by Thorold Gosset. Since it was the only semiregular 5- ...
s, and the alternated gaps are filled by
5-orthoplex
In five-dimensional geometry, a 5-orthoplex, or 5-cross polytope, is a five-dimensional polytope with 10 vertices, 40 edges, 80 triangle faces, 80 tetrahedron cells, 32 5-cell 4-faces.
It has two constructed forms, the first being regular wi ...
facets.
It is also related to the regular
6-cube
In geometry, a 6-cube is a six-dimensional hypercube with 64 vertices, 192 edges, 240 square faces, 160 cubic cells, 60 tesseract 4-faces, and 12 5-cube 5-faces.
It has Schläfli symbol , being composed of 3 5-cubes around each 4-face. It ...
which exists in 6-space with ''3'' ''5''-cubes on each cell. This could be considered as a tessellation on the
5-sphere, an ''order-3 penteractic honeycomb'', .
Tritruncated 5-cubic honeycomb
A tritruncated 5-cubic honeycomb, , contains all
bitruncated 5-orthoplex
In five-dimensional geometry, a truncated 5-orthoplex is a convex uniform 5-polytope, being a truncation of the regular 5-orthoplex.
There are 4 unique truncations of the 5-orthoplex. Vertices of the truncation 5-orthoplex are located as pairs on ...
facets and is the
Voronoi tessellation Voronoi or Voronoy is a Slavic masculine surname; its feminine counterpart is Voronaya. It may refer to
*Georgy Voronoy (1868–1908), Russian and Ukrainian mathematician
**Voronoi diagram
** Weighted Voronoi diagram
** Voronoi deformation density
* ...
of the
D5* lattice. Facets can be identically colored from a doubled
×2,
4,33,4">4,33,4">4,33,4 symmetry, alternately colored from
,
3,4">,33,4symmetry, three colors from
,
1,1">,3,3,31,1symmetry, and 4 colors from
,
1,1,3,31,1">1,1,3,31,1symmetry.
See also
*
List of regular polytopes
This article lists the regular polytopes and regular polytope compounds in Euclidean, spherical and hyperbolic spaces.
The Schläfli symbol describes every regular tessellation of an ''n''-sphere, Euclidean and hyperbolic spaces. A Schläfl ...
Regular and uniform honeycombs in 5-space:
*
5-demicubic honeycomb
The 5-demicube honeycomb (or demipenteractic honeycomb) is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 5-space. It is constructed as an alternation of the regular 5-cube honeycomb.
It is the first tessellation in the dem ...
*
5-simplex honeycomb
In five-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the 5-simplex honeycomb or hexateric honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb or pentacomb). Each vertex is shared by 12 5-simplexes, 30 rectified 5-simplexes, and 20 birectified 5-simplexes. ...
*
Truncated 5-simplex honeycomb
In five-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the cyclotruncated 5-simplex honeycomb or cyclotruncated hexateric honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). It is composed of 5-simplex, truncated 5-simplex, and bitruncated 5-simplex fac ...
*
Omnitruncated 5-simplex honeycomb
In five-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the omnitruncated 5-simplex honeycomb or omnitruncated hexateric honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). It is composed entirely of omnitruncated 5-simplex facets.
The facets of all o ...
References
*
Coxeter, H.S.M. ''
Regular Polytopes
In mathematics, a regular polytope is a polytope whose symmetry group acts transitively on its flags, thus giving it the highest degree of symmetry. All its elements or -faces (for all , where is the dimension of the polytope) — cells, ...
'', (3rd edition, 1973), Dover edition, p. 296, Table II: Regular honeycombs
* Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of
H. S. M. Coxeter
Harold Scott MacDonald "Donald" Coxeter, (9 February 1907 – 31 March 2003) was a British and later also Canadian geometer. He is regarded as one of the greatest geometers of the 20th century.
Biography
Coxeter was born in Kensington t ...
, edited by F. Arthur Sherk,
Peter McMullen
Peter McMullen (born 11 May 1942) is a British mathematician, a professor emeritus of mathematics at University College London.
Education and career
McMullen earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Trinity College, Cambridge, and studied at ...
, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995,
** (Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, ''Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III'',
ath. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3-45
{{Honeycombs
Honeycombs (geometry)
6-polytopes
Regular tessellations