4 December
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Pre-1600

*
771 __NOTOC__ The year 771 (Roman numerals, DCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 771 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno ...
Austrasia Austrasia was a territory which formed the north-eastern section of the Merovingian Kingdom of the Franks during the 6th to 8th centuries. It was centred on the Meuse, Middle Rhine and the Moselle rivers, and was the original territory of the F ...
n king
Carloman I Carloman I (28 June 751 – 4 December 771), also Karlmann, was king of the Franks from 768 until his death in 771. He was the second surviving son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon and was a younger brother of Charlemagne. His death allow ...
dies, leaving his brother
Charlemagne Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first Holy ...
as sole king of the
Frankish Kingdom Francia, also called the Kingdom of the Franks ( la, Regnum Francorum), Frankish Kingdom, Frankland or Frankish Empire ( la, Imperium Francorum), was the largest post-Roman barbarian kingdom in Western Europe. It was ruled by the Franks dur ...
. *
963 Year 963 (Roman numerals, CMLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * March 15 – Emperor Romanos II dies at age 25, probably o ...
– The lay papal protonotary is elected pope and takes the name
Leo VIII Pope Leo VIII ( 915 – 1 March 965) was a Roman prelate who claimed the Holy See from 963 until 964 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V and again from 23 June 964 to his death. Today he is considered by the Catholic Church to have bee ...
, being consecrated on 6 December after ordination. *
1110 Year 1110 ( MCX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By date * May 5: Lunar eclipse, in which the moon became totally dark according to the Peterborough Chronicle, d ...
– An army led by
Baldwin I of Jerusalem Baldwin I, also known as Baldwin of Boulogne (1060s – 2April 1118), was the first count of Edessa from 1098 to 1100, and king of Jerusalem from 1100 to his death in 1118. He was the youngest son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida of Lorr ...
and
Sigurd the Crusader Sigurd Magnusson (1089 – 26 March 1130), also known as Sigurd the Crusader (Old Norse: ''Sigurðr Jórsalafari'', Norwegian: ''Sigurd Jorsalfar''), was King of Norway (being Sigurd I) from 1103 to 1130. His rule, together with his half-brothe ...
of
Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...
captures
Sidon Sidon ( ; he, צִידוֹן, ''Ṣīḏōn'') known locally as Sayda or Saida ( ar, صيدا ''Ṣaydā''), is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate, of which it is the capital, on the Mediterranean coast. ...
at the end of the
First Crusade The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic ru ...
. *
1259 Year 1259 ( MCCLIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * September – Battle of Pelagonia: The Empire of Nicaea defeats the Principality of Ac ...
– Kings
Louis IX of France Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis or Louis the Saint, was King of France from 1226 to 1270, and the most illustrious of the Direct Capetians. He was crowned in Reims at the age of 12, following the ...
and
Henry III of England Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272. The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, Henry a ...
agree to the
Treaty of Paris Treaty of Paris may refer to one of many treaties signed in Paris, France: Treaties 1200s and 1300s * Treaty of Paris (1229), which ended the Albigensian Crusade * Treaty of Paris (1259), between Henry III of England and Louis IX of France * Trea ...
, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including
Normandy Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern ...
) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels. *
1563 Year 1563 ( MDLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * February 1 – Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia. * Janu ...
– The final session of the
Council of Trent The Council of Trent ( la, Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento, Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italian Peninsula, Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation ...
is held nearly 18 years after the body held its first session on December 13, 1545.


1601–1900

*
1619 Events January–June * January 12 – James I of England's Banqueting House, Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire."Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Conne ...
– Thirty-eight
colonists A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established a permanent residence there, often to colonize the area. A settler who migrates to an area previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited may be described as a pioneer. Settle ...
arrive at
Berkeley Hundred Berkeley Hundred was a Virginia Colony, founded in 1619, which comprised about eight thousand acres (32 km²) on the north bank of the James River. It was near Herring Creek in an area which is now known as Charles City County, Virginia. It w ...
,
Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...
. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God." *
1676 Events January–March * January 29 – Feodor III of Russia, Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia. * January 31 – Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, the oldest institution of higher education in Central America, is fo ...
– The
Royal Danish Army The Royal Danish Army ( da, Hæren, fo, Herurin, kl, Sakkutuut) is the land-based branch of the Danish Defence, together with the Danish Home Guard. For the last decade, the Royal Danish Army has undergone a massive transformation of structures ...
under the command of King
Christian V Christian V (15 April 1646 25 August 1699) was king of Denmark and Norway from 1670 until his death in 1699. Well-regarded by the common people, he was the first king anointed at Frederiksborg Castle chapel as absolute monarch since the decree ...
engages the
Swedish Army The Swedish Army ( sv, svenska armén) is the land force of the Swedish Armed Forces. History Svea Life Guards dates back to the year 1521, when the men of Dalarna chose 16 young able men as body guards for the insurgent nobleman Gustav Vas ...
commanded by the Swedish king
Charles XI Charles XI or Carl ( sv, Karl XI; ) was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death, in a period of Swedish history known as the Swedish Empire (1611–1721). He was the only son of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein- ...
at the
Battle of Lund The Battle of Lund, part of the Scanian War, was fought on December 4, 1676, in an area north of the city of Lund in Scania in southern Sweden, between the invading Danish army and the army of Charles XI of Sweden. The Danish had an army of abo ...
, to this day it is counted as the bloodiest battle in
Scandinavian history The history of Scandinavia is the history of the geographical region of Scandinavia and Scandinavians, its peoples. The region is located in Northern Europe, and consists of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Finland and Iceland are at times, especial ...
and a turning point in the
Scanian War The Scanian War ( da, Skånske Krig, , sv, Skånska kriget, german: Schonischer Krieg) was a part of the Northern Wars involving the union of Denmark–Norway, Brandenburg and Sweden. It was fought from 1675 to 1679 mainly on Scanian soil, ...
. *
1745 Events January–March * January 7 – War of the Austrian Succession: The Austrian Army, under the command of Field Marshal Károly József Batthyány, makes a surprise attack at Amberg and the winter quarters of the Bavaria ...
Charles Edward Stuart Charles Edward Louis John Sylvester Maria Casimir Stuart (20 December 1720 – 30 January 1788) was the elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart, grandson of James II and VII, and the Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland and ...
's army reaches
Derby Derby ( ) is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England. It lies on the banks of the River Derwent in the south of Derbyshire, which is in the East Midlands Region. It was traditionally the county town of Derbyshire. Derby gai ...
, its furthest point during the
Second Jacobite Rising The Jacobite rising of 1745, also known as the Forty-five Rebellion or simply the '45 ( gd, Bliadhna Theàrlaich, , ), was an attempt by Charles Edward Stuart to regain the British throne for his father, James Francis Edward Stuart. It took p ...
. *
1783 Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ratifies two October 8, ...
– At
Fraunces Tavern Fraunces Tavern is a museum and restaurant in New York City, situated at 54 Pearl Street (Manhattan), Pearl Street at the corner of Broad Street (Manhattan), Broad Street in the Financial District, Manhattan, Financial District of Lower Manhatt ...
in New York City, U.S. General
George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...
bids farewell to his officers. *
1786 Events January–March * January 3 – The third Treaty of Hopewell is signed, between the United States and the Choctaw. * January 6 – The outward bound East Indiaman '' Halsewell'' is wrecked on the south coast of Englan ...
Mission Santa Barbara Mission Santa Barbara ( es, link=no, Misión de Santa Bárbara) is a Spanish mission in Santa Barbara, California. Often referred to as the ‘Queen of the Missions,’ it was founded by Padre Fermín Lasuén for the Franciscan order on December ...
is dedicated (on the feast day of
Saint Barbara Saint Barbara ( grc, Ἁγία Βαρβάρα; cop, Ϯⲁⲅⲓⲁ Ⲃⲁⲣⲃⲁⲣⲁ; ; ), known in the Eastern Orthodox Church as the Great Martyr Barbara, was an Early Christianity, early Christian Lebanese and Greek saint and martyr. Acc ...
). *
1791 Events January–March * January 1 – Austrian composer Joseph Haydn arrives in England, to perform a series of concerts. * January 2 – Northwest Indian War: Big Bottom Massacre – The war begins in the Ohio Country ...
– The first edition of ''
The Observer ''The Observer'' is a British newspaper published on Sundays. It is a sister paper to ''The Guardian'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', whose parent company Guardian Media Group Limited acquired it in 1993. First published in 1791, it is the w ...
'', the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published. *
1804 Events January–March * January 1 – Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic, having the only successful slave revolt ever. * February 4 – The Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa. * Februa ...
– The
United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the Lower house, lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the United States Senate, Senate being ...
impeaches
Supreme Court Justice The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest-ranking judicial body in the United States. Its membership, as set by the Judiciary Act of 1869, consists of the chief justice of the United States and eight Associate Justice of the Supreme ...
Samuel Chase Samuel Chase (April 17, 1741 – June 19, 1811) was a Founding Father of the United States, a signatory to the Continental Association and United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Maryland, and an Associate Justice of th ...
. *
1829 Events January–March * January 19 – August Klingemann's adaptation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's ''Faust'' premieres in Braunschweig. * February 27 – Battle of Tarqui: Troops of Gran Colombia and Peru battle to a draw. * March ...
– In the face of fierce local opposition, British
Governor-General Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...
Lord William Bentinck Lieutenant General Lord William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck (14 September 177417 June 1839), known as Lord William Bentinck, was a British soldier and statesman who served as the Governor of Fort William (Bengal) from 1828 to 1834 and the First G ...
issues a regulation declaring that anyone who abets ''
suttee Sati or suttee is a Hindusim , Hindu practice, now largely historical, in which a widow sacrifices herself by sitting atop her deceased husband's funeral pyre. Quote: Between 1943 and 1987, some thirty women in Rajasthan (twenty-eight, accordin ...
'' in
Bengal Bengal ( ; bn, বাংলা/বঙ্গ, translit=Bānglā/Bôngô, ) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predom ...
is guilty of
culpable homicide Culpable homicide is a categorisation of certain offences in various jurisdictions within the Commonwealth of Nations which involves the illegal killing of a person either with or without an intention to kill depending upon how a particular j ...
. *
1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam-p ...
– The 109 Electors of the several states of the
Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States or the Confederacy was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confeder ...
unanimously
elect An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated ...
Jefferson Davis Jefferson F. Davis (June 3, 1808December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as the president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865. He represented Mississippi in the United States Senate and the House of Representatives as a ...
as
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
and
Alexander H. Stephens Alexander Hamilton Stephens (February 11, 1812 – March 4, 1883) was an American politician who served as the vice president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865, and later as the 50th governor of Georgia from 1882 until his death in 1 ...
as
Vice President A vice president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on t ...
. *
1864 Events January–March * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster ("Oh! Susanna", "Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song " ...
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states th ...
:
Sherman's March to the Sea Sherman's March to the Sea (also known as the Savannah campaign or simply Sherman's March) was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864, by William Tecumseh Sherman, major ...
: At
Waynesboro, Georgia Waynesboro is a city in Burke County, Georgia, United States. The population was 5,766 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Burke County. It is part of the Augusta, Georgia metropolitan area. Waynesboro is known as "The Bird Dog Cap ...
, forces under
Union Union commonly refers to: * Trade union, an organization of workers * Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets Union may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Union (band), an American rock group ** ''Un ...
General
Judson Kilpatrick Hugh Judson Kilpatrick (January 14, 1836 – December 4, 1881) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, achieving the rank of brevet major general. He was later the United States Minister to Chile and an unsuccessful cand ...
prevent Prevention may refer to: Health and medicine * Preventive healthcare, measures to prevent diseases or injuries rather than curing them or treating their symptoms General safety * Crime prevention, the attempt to reduce deter crime and crimin ...
troops led by
Confederate Confederacy or confederate may refer to: States or communities * Confederate state or confederation, a union of sovereign groups or communities * Confederate States of America, a confederation of secessionist American states that existed between 1 ...
General
Joseph Wheeler Joseph "Fighting Joe" Wheeler (September 10, 1836 – January 25, 1906) was an American military commander and politician. He was a cavalry general in the Confederate States Army in the 1860s during the American Civil War, and then a general in ...
from interfering with Union General
William T. Sherman William is a male given name of Germanic origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of Engl ...
's campaign destroying a wide swath of the South on his march to the Atlantic Ocean from
Atlanta Atlanta ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County, the most populous county in Georgia, but its territory falls in both Fulton and DeKalb counties. With a population of 498,715 ...
. *
1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at Broad Street (Manhattan), 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Sec ...
North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...
ratifies
13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution In music or music theory, a thirteenth is the note thirteen scale degrees from the root of a chord and also the interval between the root and the thirteenth. The interval can be also described as a compound sixth, spanning an octav ...
, followed soon by
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...
, and U.S. slaves were legally free within two weeks. *
1867 Events January–March * January 1 – The Covington–Cincinnati Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky, in the United States, becoming the longest single-span bridge in the world. It was renamed a ...
– Former
Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...
farmer
Oliver Hudson Kelley Oliver Hudson Kelley (January 7, 1826 – January 20, 1913) was one of the key founders of the National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, a fraternal organization in the United States.William D. Barns, "Oliver Hudson Kelley and the ge ...
founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as the Grange). *
1872 Events January–March * January 12 – Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first ruler crowned in that city in over 500 years. * February 2 – The government of the United Kingdom buys a number of forts on ...
– The crewless American brigantine {{ship, , Mary Celeste, drifting in the Atlantic, is discovered by the Canadian brig ''
Dei Gratia By the Grace of God ( la, Dei Gratia, abbreviated D.G.) is a formulaic phrase used especially in Christian monarchies as an introductory part of the full styles of a monarch. For example in England and later the United Kingdom, the phrase was fo ...
''. The ship has been abandoned for nine days but is only slightly damaged. Her master
Benjamin Briggs Benjamin Spooner Briggs (April 24, 1835 – likely November 1872) was an experienced United States seaman and master mariner. He was the Captain of the merchant ship ''Mary Celeste,'' which was discovered unmanned and drifting in the Atlantic Oc ...
and all nine others known to have been on board are never accounted for. *
1875 Events January–March * January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of the ...
– Notorious New York City politician
Boss Tweed William Magear Tweed (April 3, 1823 – April 12, 1878), often erroneously referred to as William "Marcy" Tweed (see below), and widely known as "Boss" Tweed, was an American politician most notable for being the political boss of Tammany ...
escapes from prison; he is later recaptured in Spain. *
1881 Events January–March * January 1– 24 – Siege of Geok Tepe: Russian troops under General Mikhail Skobelev defeat the Turkomans. * January 13 – War of the Pacific – Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos: The C ...
– The first edition of the ''
Los Angeles Times The ''Los Angeles Times'' (abbreviated as ''LA Times'') is a daily newspaper that started publishing in Los Angeles in 1881. Based in the LA-adjacent suburb of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper by circulation in the Un ...
'' is published. *
1893 Events January–March * January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America. * Mark Twain started writing Puddn'head Wilson. * January 6 – Th ...
First Matabele War The First Matabele War was fought between 1893 and 1894 in modern-day Zimbabwe. It pitted the British South Africa Company against the Ndebele (Matabele) Kingdom. Lobengula, king of the Ndebele, had tried to avoid outright war with the company ...
: A patrol of 34
British South Africa Company The British South Africa Company (BSAC or BSACo) was chartered in 1889 following the amalgamation of Cecil Rhodes' Central Search Association and the London-based Exploring Company Ltd, which had originally competed to capitalize on the expecte ...
soldiers is ambushed and annihilated by more than 3,000 Matabele warriors on the
Shangani River The Shangani is a river in Zimbabwe that starts near Gweru, Gweru River being one of its main tributaries' and goes through Midlands and Matabeleland North provinces. It empties into the Gwayi River. The Shangani River was the site of the 4 D ...
in
Matabeleland Matabeleland is a region located in southwestern Zimbabwe that is divided into three provinces: Matabeleland North, Bulawayo, and Matabeleland South. These provinces are in the west and south-west of Zimbabwe, between the Limpopo and Zambezi r ...
.


1901–present

*
1906 Events January–February * January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, ...
Alpha Phi Alpha Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. () is the oldest intercollegiate historically African American fraternity. It was initially a literary and social studies club organized in the 1905–1906 school year at Cornell University but later evolved int ...
the first intercollegiate Greek lettered fraternity for African-Americans was founded at
Cornell University Cornell University is a private statutory land-grant research university based in Ithaca, New York. It is a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, Cornell was founded with the intention to teach an ...
in
Ithaca, New York Ithaca is a city in the Finger Lakes region of New York, United States. Situated on the southern shore of Cayuga Lake, Ithaca is the seat of Tompkins County and the largest community in the Ithaca metropolitan statistical area. It is named a ...
. *
1909 Events January–February * January 4 – Explorer Aeneas Mackintosh of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition escaped death by fleeing across ice floes. * January 7 – Colombia recognizes the independence of Panama. * Januar ...
– In
Canadian football Canadian football () is a team sport, sport played in Canada in which two teams of 12 players each compete for territorial control of a field of play long and wide attempting to advance a pointed oval-shaped ball into the opposing team's sco ...
, the First Grey Cup game is played. The
University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution ...
Varsity Blues defeat the
Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club Toronto Parkdale was an amateur Canadian football and hockey club based in the Parkdale neighbourhood in the west end of Toronto. As a branch of the Parkdale Canoe Club established in August 1905, the club's hockey and football teams were nickna ...
, 26–6. * 1909 – The
Montreal Canadiens The Montreal CanadiensEven in English, the French spelling is always used instead of ''Canadians''. The French spelling of ''Montréal'' is also sometimes used in the English media. (french: link=no, Les Canadiens de Montréal), officially ...
ice hockey Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice hock ...
club, the oldest surviving professional hockey franchise in the world, is founded as a charter member of the
National Hockey Association The National Hockey Association (NHA), officially the National Hockey Association of Canada Limited, was a professional ice hockey organization with teams in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. It is the direct predecessor of today's National Hockey Lea ...
. *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
– After drafting the
Declaration of Independence A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood or proclamation of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the ...
, the
Finnish Senate The Senate of Finland ( fi, Suomen senaatti, sv, Senaten för Finland) combined the functions of cabinet and supreme court in the Grand Duchy of Finland from 1816 to 1917 and in the independent Finland from 1917 to 1918. The body that would beco ...
headed by
P. E. Svinhufvud Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad (; 15 December 1861 – 29 February 1944) was the third president of Finland from 1931 to 1937. Serving as a lawyer, judge, and politician in the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland, he played a major role in the ...
submitted to the
Parliament of Finland The Parliament of Finland ( ; ) is the unicameral and supreme legislature of Finland, founded on 9 May 1906. In accordance with the Constitution of Finland, sovereignty belongs to the people, and that power is vested in the Parliament. The ...
a proposal for the form of government of the
Republic of Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Both ...
and issued a communication to Parliament declaring
independence of Finland Finland declared its independence on 6 December 1917. The formal Declaration of Independence was only part of the long process leading to the independence of Finland. History Proclamation of Empress Elizabeth (1742) The subject of an independ ...
. *
1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...
– U.S. President
Woodrow Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of ...
sails for the World War I peace talks in
Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 1995 has been managed, u ...
, becoming the first
US president The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United Stat ...
to travel to Europe while in office. *
1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhanov, J ...
Cosmo Gordon Lang William Cosmo Gordon Lang, 1st Baron Lang of Lambeth, (31 October 1864 – 5 December 1945) was a Scottish Anglican prelate who served as Archbishop of York (1908–1928) and Archbishop of Canterbury (1928–1942). His elevation to Archbishop ...
was enthroned as the
Archbishop of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Justi ...
, the first bachelor to be appointed in 150 years.{{cite magazine, title= Religion:York to Canterbury, magazine=Time, publisher=Time Inc., location= New York, date= 6 August 1928, url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,787459,00.html, archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101121035432/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,787459,00.html, url-status= dead, archive-date= 21 November 2010 {{subscription *
1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
: {{HMS, Nelson, 28, 6 is struck by a
mine Mine, mines, miners or mining may refer to: Extraction or digging * Miner, a person engaged in mining or digging *Mining, extraction of mineral resources from the ground through a mine Grammar *Mine, a first-person English possessive pronoun ...
(laid by {{GS, U-31, 1936, 2) off the Scottish coast and is laid up for repairs until August 1940. *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
– World War II: Carlson's patrol during the
Guadalcanal Campaign The Guadalcanal campaign, also known as the Battle of Guadalcanal and codenamed Operation Watchtower by American forces, was a military campaign fought between 7 August 1942 and 9 February 1943 on and around the island of Guadalcanal in th ...
ends. *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 – ...
– World War II: In
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
, resistance leader Marshal
Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz ( sh-Cyrl, Јосип Броз, ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; sh-Cyrl, Тито, links=no, ), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman, serving in various positions from 1943 until his deat ...
proclaims a provisional democratic Yugoslav government in-exile. * 1943 – World War II: U.S. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
closes down the
Works Progress Administration The Works Progress Administration (WPA; renamed in 1939 as the Work Projects Administration) was an American New Deal agency that employed millions of jobseekers (mostly men who were not formally educated) to carry out public works projects, i ...
, because of the high levels of wartime employment in the United States. *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...
– By a vote of 65–7, the
United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and pow ...
approves United States
participation Participation or Participant may refer to: Politics *Participation (decision making), mechanisms for people to participate in social decisions *Civic participation, engagement by the citizens in government *e-participation, citizen participation ...
in the
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
. (The UN had been established on October 24, 1945.) *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and forces of the Chinese Communist Party, continuing intermittently since 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949 with a Communist victory on m ...
: The SS ''Kiangya'', carrying
Nationalist Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: The ...
refugees from
Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flow ...
, explodes in the
Huangpu River The Huangpu (), formerly romanized as Whangpoo, is a river flowing north through Shanghai. The Bund and Lujiazui are located along the Huangpu River. The Huangpu is the biggest river in central Shanghai, with the Suzhou Creek being its maj ...
. *
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022. * January 2 – Luis ...
Sir Duncan George Stewart Duncan George Stewart (22 October 1904 – 10 December 1949) CMG was a British colonial administrator and governor. He was mortally wounded in an assassination on 3 December 1949, in Sibu, Sarawak. Early life Stewart was born in Witkleifonte ...
was fatally stabbed by
Rosli Dhobi Rosli Dhobi (18 March 1932 – 2 March 1950) was a Sarawakian nationalist from Sibu of mixed Malay-Melanau descent during the British crown colony era in that state. He was a member leader of the Rukun 13, an active organisation in the anti-ce ...
, a member leader of the
Rukun 13 Rukun 13 or Rukun Tiga Belas (The Thirteen Pillars) is a defunct Sarawakian organisation that existed from 1947 until 1950. Formation This organisation was officially formed at the end of 1947 in opposition to the Cession to the United Kin ...
, in
Sibu Sibu (; Foochow Romanized, Hokchew Romanized: ''Sĭ-bŭ'') is a landlocked city in the central region of Sarawak. It is the capital of Sibu District in Sibu Division, Sarawak, Malaysia. The city is located on the island of Borneo and covers ...
,
Sarawak Sarawak (; ) is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the M ...
,
Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
during the British crown colony era in that state. *
1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash, Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 cr ...
Korean War , date = {{Ubl, 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953 (''de facto'')({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=6, day1=25, year1=1950, month2=7, day2=27, year2=1953), 25 June 1950 – present (''de jure'')({{Age in years, months, weeks a ...
:
Jesse L. Brown Jesse LeRoy Brown (October 13, 1926 – December 4, 1950) was a United States Navy officer. He was the first African-American aviator to complete the United States Navy's basic flight training program (though not the first African-American Navy ...
(the 1st African-American Naval aviator) is killed in action during the
Battle of Chosin Reservoir The Battle of Chosin Reservoir, also known as the Chosin Reservoir Campaign or the Battle of Lake Changjin (), was an important battle in the Korean War. The name "Chosin" is derived from the Japanese pronunciation "''Chōshin'', instead of t ...
. *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim ...
– The
Million Dollar Quartet "Million Dollar Quartet" is a recording of an impromptu jam session involving Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash made on December 4, 1956, at the Sun Record Studios in Memphis, Tennessee. An article about the session ...
(
Elvis Presley Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), or simply Elvis, was an American singer and actor. Dubbed the "Honorific nicknames in popular music, King of Rock and Roll", he is regarded as Cultural impact of Elvis Presley, one ...
,
Jerry Lee Lewis Jerry Lee Lewis (September 29, 1935October 28, 2022) was an American singer, songwriter and pianist. Nicknamed "The Killer", he was described as "rock & roll's first great wild man". A pioneer of rock and roll and rockabilly music, Lewis made ...
,
Carl Perkins Carl Lee Perkins (April 9, 1932 – January 19, 1998)#nytimesobit, Pareles. was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter. A rockabilly great and pioneer of rock and roll, he began his recording career at the Sun Studio, in Memphis, Tennes ...
, and
Johnny Cash John R. Cash (born J. R. Cash; February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was an American country singer-songwriter. Much of Cash's music contained themes of sorrow, moral tribulation, and redemption, especially in the later stages of his ca ...
) get together at
Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis, Tennessee, on January 3, 1950. It was originally called Memphis Recording Service, sharing the same building with the Sun Records label ...
for the first and last time. *
1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch ...
Free Speech Movement The Free Speech Movement (FSM) was a massive, long-lasting student protest which took place during the 1964–65 academic year on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley. The Movement was informally under the central leadership of B ...
: Police arrest over 800 students at the
University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...
, following their takeover and sit-in at the administration building in protest of the
UC Regents The Regents of the University of California (also referred to as the Board of Regents to distinguish the board from the corporation it governs of the same name) is the governing board of the University of California (UC), a state university sy ...
' decision to forbid protests on UC property. *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
– Launch of
Gemini 7 Gemini 7 (officially Gemini VII) With Gemini IV, NASA changed to Roman numerals for Gemini mission designations. was a 1965 crewed spaceflight in NASA's Gemini program. It was the fourth crewed Gemini flight, the twelfth crewed American spacefli ...
with crew members
Frank Borman Frank Frederick Borman II (born March 14, 1928) is a retired United States Air Force (USAF) colonel, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, businessman, and NASA astronaut. He was the commander of Apollo 8, the first mission to fly around the Moo ...
and
Jim Lovell James Arthur Lovell Jr. (; born March 25, 1928) is an American retired astronaut, naval aviator, test pilot and mechanical engineer. In 1968, as command module pilot of Apollo 8, he became, with Frank Borman and William Anders, one of th ...
. The Gemini 7 spacecraft was the passive target for the first crewed
space rendezvous A space rendezvous () is a set of orbital maneuvers during which two spacecraft, one of which is often a space station, arrive at the same orbit and approach to a very close distance (e.g. within visual contact). Rendezvous requires a precise ma ...
performed by the crew of
Gemini 6A Gemini 6A (officially Gemini VI-A) With Gemini IV, NASA changed to Roman numerals for Gemini mission designations. was a 1965 crewed United States spaceflight in NASA's Gemini program. The mission, flown by Wally Schirra and Thomas P. Stafford ...
. *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: U.S. and
South Vietnam South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
ese forces engage
Viet Cong , , war = the Vietnam War , image = FNL Flag.svg , caption = The flag of the Viet Cong, adopted in 1960, is a variation on the flag of North Vietnam. Sometimes the lower stripe was green. , active ...
troops in the
Mekong Delta The Mekong Delta ( vi, Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long, lit=Nine Dragon River Delta or simply vi, Đồng Bằng Sông Mê Kông, lit=Mekong River Delta, label=none), also known as the Western Region ( vi, Miền Tây, links=no) or South-weste ...
. *
1969 This year is notable for Apollo 11's first landing on the moon. Events January * January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco. * January 5 **Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 crashes into a house on its approach to ...
Black Panther Party The Black Panther Party (BPP), originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, was a Marxist-Leninist and black power political organization founded by college students Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton in October 1966 in Oakland, Califo ...
members
Fred Hampton Fredrick Allen Hampton Sr. (August 30, 1948 – December 4, 1969) was an American activist. He came to prominence in Chicago as deputy chairman of the national Black Panther Party and chair of the Illinois chapter. As a progressive African Ameri ...
and Mark Clark are shot and killed during a raid by 14 Chicago police officers. *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses ( February 25, July 22 and August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 10, and August 6). The world population increased by 2.1% this year, the highest increase in history. Events Ja ...
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the Bangladesh Liberation War in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 until the Pakistani capitulation in Dhaka on 16 Decem ...
: The
Indian Navy The Indian Navy is the maritime branch of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff, a four-star admiral, commands the navy. As a blue-water navy, it operates sig ...
attacks the
Pakistan Navy ur, ہمارے لیے اللّٰہ کافی ہے اور وہ بہترین کارساز ہے۔ English language, English: Allah is Sufficient for us - and what an excellent (reliable) Trustee (of affairs) is He!(''Quran, Qur'an, Al Imran, 3:173' ...
and
Karachi Karachi (; ur, ; ; ) is the most populous city in Pakistan and 12th most populous city in the world, with a population of over 20 million. It is situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast. It is the former cap ...
. * 1971 – The PNS ''Ghazi'', a
Pakistan Navy ur, ہمارے لیے اللّٰہ کافی ہے اور وہ بہترین کارساز ہے۔ English language, English: Allah is Sufficient for us - and what an excellent (reliable) Trustee (of affairs) is He!(''Quran, Qur'an, Al Imran, 3:173' ...
submarine, sinks during the course of the
Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971 The Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971 refers to the maritime military engagements between the Indian Navy and the Pakistan Navy during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The series of naval operations began with the Indian Navy's exertion of pres ...
. * 1971 – During a concert by
Frank Zappa Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American musician, composer, and bandleader. His work is characterized by wikt:nonconformity, nonconformity, Free improvisation, free-form improvisation, sound experimen ...
and
The Mothers of Invention The Mothers of Invention (also known as The Mothers) was an American rock band from California. Formed in 1964, their work is marked by the use of sonic experimentation, innovative album art, and elaborate live shows. Originally an R&B band ...
at the
Montreux Casino Montreux Casino (Casino Barrière de Montreux) is a casino located in Montreux, Switzerland, on the shoreline of Lake Geneva. It has served as the venue for the Montreux Jazz Festival and was rebuilt following a 1971 fire memorialized in the D ...
, an audience member fires a
flare gun A flare gun, also known as a Very pistol or signal pistol, is a large-bore handgun that discharges flares, blanks and smoke. The flare gun is typically used to produce a distress signal. Types The most common type of flare gun is a Very (som ...
into the ceiling, causing a fire that destroys the venue. Rock band
Deep Purple Deep Purple are an English rock band formed in London in 1968. They are considered to be among the pioneers of heavy metal music, heavy metal and modern hard rock music, but their musical style has changed over the course of its existence. Ori ...
, who were there to use the Casino to record their next album, witnesses the fire from their hotel; the incident would be immortalized in their best known song, "
Smoke on the Water "Smoke on the Water" is a song by English rock band Deep Purple, first released from the band's sixth studio album ''Machine Head'' (1972), which chronicles the 1971 fire at Montreux Casino. In a 2004 publication by ''Rolling Stone'' magaz ...
". *
1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; f ...
Martinair Flight 138 Martinair Flight 138 was a chartered flight from Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, to Colombo, Sri Lanka. The aircraft was operated by the Dutch airline Martinair on behalf of Garuda Indonesia. On 4 December 1974, the aircraft, a McDonnell Dougl ...
crashes into the
Saptha Kanya Saptha Kanya ( si, සප්ත කන්‍යා) (''Meaning - Seven Virgins'') (also known as Upper Laxapana Mountain Range) is a mountain range in Maskeliya, Sri Lanka. In Tamil it is known as Anjimalai ( ta, அஞ்சிமலை) (''Me ...
mountain range in
Maskeliya Maskeliya is a town in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. It is the site of the 1974 crash of Martinair Flight 138, the worst air disaster in Sri Lanka. It is known for its mountains, waterfalls, unique ethnic background and estates. The act ...
, Sri Lanka, killing 191. *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...
Jean-Bédel Bokassa Jean-Bédel Bokassa (; 22 February 1921 – 3 November 1996), also known as Bokassa I, was a Central African political and military leader who served as the second president of the Central African Republic (CAR) and as the emperor of its s ...
, president of the
Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of th ...
, crowns himself Emperor Bokassa I of the
Central African Empire From 4 December 1976 to 21 September 1979, the Central African Republic was officially known as the Central African Empire (french: Empire centrafricain), after military dictator (and president at the time) Marshal Jean-Bédel Bokassa declared ...
. * 1977 –
Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 (MH653) was a scheduled domestic flight from Penang to Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia, operated by Malaysian Airline System (MAS). On the evening of 4 December 1977, the Boeing 737-200 aircraft flying the service c ...
is hijacked and crashes in Tanjong Kupang,
Johor Johor (; ), also spelled as Johore, is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. Johor has land borders with the Malaysian states of Pahang to the north and Malacca and Negeri Sembilan ...
, killing 100. *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd go ...
– Following the murder of Mayor George Moscone,
Dianne Feinstein Dianne Goldman Berman Feinstein ( ; born Dianne Emiel Goldman; June 22, 1933) is an American politician who serves as the senior United States senator from California, a seat she has held since 1992. A member of the Democratic Party, she was ...
becomes
San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...
's first female
mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...
. *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
– The Hastie fire in
Hull Hull may refer to: Structures * Chassis, of an armored fighting vehicle * Fuselage, of an aircraft * Hull (botany), the outer covering of seeds * Hull (watercraft), the body or frame of a ship * Submarine hull Mathematics * Affine hull, in affi ...
kills three schoolboys and eventually leads police to arrest
Bruce George Peter Lee Peter Tredget (born Peter George Dinsdale 31 July 1960), formerly Bruce George Peter Lee, is a British serial killer, arsonist and mass murderer. He confessed to a total of 11 acts of arson, pleading guilty to 26 counts of manslaughter. 14 of ...
. *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensiv ...
– South Africa grants independence to the
Ciskei Ciskei (, or ) was a Bantustan for the Xhosa people-located in the southeast of South Africa. It covered an area of , almost entirely surrounded by what was then the Cape Province, and possessed a small coastline along the shore of the Indian O ...
"
homeland A homeland is a place where a cultural, national, or racial identity has formed. The definition can also mean simply one's country of birth. When used as a proper noun, the Homeland, as well as its equivalents in other languages, often has ethni ...
" (not recognized by any government outside South Africa). *
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street bridges, 14th Street Bridge in ...
– The
People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
adopts its current
constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When ...
. *
1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP is officially completed (this is consid ...
US Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage of ...
aircraft from USS ''John F. Kennedy'' and USS ''Independence'' attack Syrian missile sites in Lebanon in response to an
F-14 The Grumman F-14 Tomcat is an American carrier-capable supersonic, twin-engine, two-seat, twin-tail, variable-sweep wing fighter aircraft. The Tomcat was developed for the United States Navy's Naval Fighter Experimental (VFX) program after the ...
being fired on by an
SA-7 The 9K32 Strela-2 (russian: Cтрела, "arrow"; NATO reporting name SA-7 Grail) is a light-weight, shoulder-fired, surface-to-air missile (or MANPADS) system. It is designed to target aircraft at low altitudes with passive infrared homing gui ...
. One
A-6 Intruder The Grumman A-6 Intruder is an American twinjet all-weather attack aircraft developed and manufactured by American aircraft company Grumman Aerospace and operated by the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps. It was designed in response to a 1957 ...
and
A-7 Corsair The LTV A-7 Corsair II is an American carrier-capable subsonic light attack aircraft designed and manufactured by Ling-Temco-Vought (LTV). The A-7 was developed during the early 1960s as replacement for the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk. Its design was ...
are shot down. One American pilot is killed, one is rescued, and one is captured. *
1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...
Sri Lankan Civil War:
Sri Lankan Army ta, இலங்கை இராணுவம் , image = File:Sri Lanka Army Logo.png , image_size = 180px , caption = Emblem of the Sri Lanka Army , start_date ...
soldiers 1984 Mannar massacre, kill 107–150 civilians in Mannar, Sri Lanka, Mannar. *1986 – The MV ''Amazon Venture'' oil tanker begins leaking oil while at the port of Savannah in the United States, resulting in Amazon Venture oil spill, an oil spill of approximately {{convert, 500,000, gal, L. *1991 – Terry A. Anderson is released after seven years in captivity as a hostage in Beirut; he is the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon. * 1991 – Pan American World Airways ceases its operations after 64 years. *1992 – Somali Civil War: President George H. W. Bush orders 28,000 U.S. troops to Somalia in Horn of Africa, Northeast Africa. *1998 – The ''Unity Module'', the second module of the International Space Station, is launched. *2005 – Tens of thousands of people in Hong Kong December 2005 protest for democracy in Hong Kong, protest for democracy and call on the Hong Kong Government, government to allow universal suffrage, universal and equal suffrage. *2006 – Jena Six, Six black youths assault a white teenager in Jena, Louisiana. *2014 – Caucasus Emirate, Islamic insurgents 2014 Grozny clashes, kill three Law enforcement in Russia, state police at a traffic circle before taking an empty school and a "press house" in Grozny. Ten state forces die with 28 injured in gun battles ending with ten insurgents killed. *2015 – A 2015 Cairo restaurant fire, firebomb is thrown into a restaurant in the Egyptian capital of Cairo, killing 17 people. *2017 – The Thomas Fire starts near Santa Paula, California, Santa Paula in California. It eventually became the largest List of California wildfires, wildfire in modern California history to date after burning {{convert, 440, sqmi, km2, 0 in Ventura County, California, Ventura and Santa Barbara County, California, Santa Barbara Counties. *2021 – Semeru on the Indonesian island of Java 2021 Semeru eruption, erupts, killing at least 68 people.


Births


Pre-1600

*AD 34 – Persius, Roman poet (d. 62) * 846 – Hasan al-Askari 11th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam (d. 874) *1428 – Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe (d. 1511) *1506 – Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Chiche (d. 1558) *1555 – Heinrich Meibom (poet), Heinrich Meibom, German poet and historian (d. 1625) *1575 – The Nun of Monza, Sister Virginia Maria, Italian nun (d. 1650) *1580 – Samuel Argall, English adventurer and naval officer (d. 1626) *1585 – John Cotton (minister), John Cotton, English-American minister and theologian (d. 1652) *1595 – Jean Chapelain, French poet and critic (d. 1674)


1601–1900

*1647 – Daniel Eberlin, German composer (d. 1715) *1660 – André Campra, French composer and conductor (d. 1744) *1667 – Michel Pignolet de Montéclair, French composer and educator (d. 1737) *1670 – John Aislabie, English politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1742) *1713 – Gasparo Gozzi, Italian playwright and critic (d. 1786) *1777 – Juliette Récamier, French businesswoman (d. 1849) *1795 – Thomas Carlyle, Scottish-English historian, philosopher, and academic (d. 1881) *1798 – Jules Armand Dufaure, French lawyer and politician, 33rd Prime Minister of France (d. 1881) *1817 – Nikoloz Baratashvili, Georgian poet and author (d. 1845) *1835 – Samuel Butler (novelist), Samuel Butler, English author and critic (d. 1902) *1844 – Franz Xavier Wernz, German religious leader, 25th Superior General of the Society of Jesus (d. 1914) *
1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam-p ...
– Hannes Hafstein, Icelandic poet and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1922) *
1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at Broad Street (Manhattan), 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Sec ...
– Edith Cavell, English nurse, humanitarian, and saint (Anglicanism) (d. 1915) *
1867 Events January–March * January 1 – The Covington–Cincinnati Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky, in the United States, becoming the longest single-span bridge in the world. It was renamed a ...
– Stanley Argyle, Australian politician, 32nd Premier of Victoria (d. 1940) *1868 – Jesse Burkett, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1953) *
1875 Events January–March * January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of the ...
– Agnes Forbes Blackadder, Scottish medical doctor (d. 1964) * 1875 – Joe Corbett, American baseball player and coach (d. 1945) * 1875 – Rainer Maria Rilke, Austrian-Swiss poet and author (d. 1926) *
1881 Events January–March * January 1– 24 – Siege of Geok Tepe: Russian troops under General Mikhail Skobelev defeat the Turkomans. * January 13 – War of the Pacific – Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos: The C ...
– Erwin von Witzleben, Polish-German field marshal (d. 1944) *1882 – Constance Davey, Australian psychologist (d. 1963) *1883 – Katharine Susannah Prichard, Australian author and playwright (d. 1969) *1884 – R. C. Majumdar, Indian historian (d. 1980) *1887 – Winifred Carney, Irish suffragist, trade unionist, and Irish republican (d. 1943) *1892 – Francisco Franco, Spanish general and dictator, List of Prime Ministers of Spain, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1975) * 1892 – Liu Bocheng, Chinese commander and politician (d. 1986) *
1893 Events January–March * January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America. * Mark Twain started writing Puddn'head Wilson. * January 6 – Th ...
– Herbert Read, English poet and critic (d. 1968) *1895 – Feng Youlan, Chinese philosopher and academic (d. 1990) *1897 – Robert Redfield, American anthropologist of Mexico (d. 1958) *1899 – Karl-Günther Heimsoth, German physician and politician (d. 1934) * 1899 – Charlie Spencer, English footballer and manager (d. 1953)


1901–present

*1903 – Cornell Woolrich, American author (d. 1968) *1904 – Albert Norden, German journalist and politician (d. 1982) *1908 – Alfred Hershey, American bacteriologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997) *1910 – Alex North, American composer and conductor (d. 1991) * 1910 – R. Venkataraman, Indian lawyer and politician, 6th President of India (d. 2009) *1912 – Pappy Boyington, American colonel and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1988) *1913 – Mark Robson (film director), Mark Robson, Canadian-American director and producer (d. 1978) *1914 – Rudolf Hausner, Austrian painter and sculptor (d. 1995) * 1914 – Claude Renoir, French cinematographer (d. 1993) *1915 – Eddie Heywood, American pianist and composer (d. 1989) *1916 – Ely Jacques Kahn, Jr., American journalist and author (d. 1994) *1919 – I. K. Gujral, Indian poet and politician, 12th Prime Minister of India (d. 2012) *1920 – Nadir Afonso, Portuguese painter and architect (d. 2013) * 1920 – Michael Bates (actor), Michael Bates, English actor (d. 1978) * 1920 – Jeanne Manford, American educator and activist, co-founded PFLAG (d. 2013) *1921 – Deanna Durbin, Canadian actress and singer (d. 2013) *1923 – Charles Keating, American lawyer and financier (d. 2014) * 1923 – Eagle Keys, American-Canadian football player and coach (d. 2012) * 1923 – John Krish, English director and screenwriter (d. 2016) *1924 – John C. Portman, Jr., American architect, designed the Renaissance Center and Tomorrow Square (d. 2017) *1925 – Albert Bandura, Canadian-American psychologist and academic (d. 2021) *1926 – Ned Romero, American actor and opera singer (d. 2017) *1929 – Şakir Eczacıbaşı, Turkish pharmacist, photographer, and businessman (d. 2010) *1930 – Ronnie Corbett, Scottish actor and screenwriter (d. 2016) * 1930 – Jim Hall (musician), Jim Hall, American guitarist and composer (d. 2013) *1931 – Alex Delvecchio, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager * 1931 – Wally George, American radio and television host (d. 2003) *1932 – Roh Tae-woo, South Korean general and politician, 6th President of South Korea (d. 2021) *1933 – Wink Martindale, American game show host and producer * 1933 – Horst Buchholz, German actor (d. 2003) *1934 – Bill Collins (television presenter), Bill Collins, Australian film critic and author (d. 2019) * 1934 – Victor French, American actor and director (d. 1989) *1935 – Paul O'Neill (politician), Paul O'Neill, American businessman and politician, 72nd United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 2020) *1936 – John Giorno, American poet and performance artist (d. 2019) *1937 – Max Baer, Jr., American actor, director, and producer *1938 – Andre Marrou, American lawyer and politician * 1938 – Yvonne Minton, Australian-English soprano and actress *
1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...
– Stephen W. Bosworth, American academic and diplomat, United States Ambassador to South Korea (d. 2016) * 1939 – Joan Brady (American-British writer), Joan Brady, American-British author * 1939 – Freddy Cannon, American singer and guitarist *1940 – Gerd Achterberg, German footballer and manager * 1940 – Gary Gilmore, American murderer (d. 1977) *1941 – Marty Riessen, American tennis player and coach *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
– Bob Mosley, American singer-songwriter and bass player *1944 – Chris Hillman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1944 – Anna McGarrigle, Canadian musician and singer-songwriter * 1944 – François Migault, French race car driver (d. 2012) * 1944 – Dennis Wilson, American singer-songwriter, producer, and drummer (d. 1983) *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...
– Roberta Bondar, Canadian neurologist, academic, and astronaut *1946 – Karina (Spanish singer), Karina, Spanish singer/actress *1947 – Jane Lubchenco, American ecologist, academic, and diplomat *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
– Southside Johnny, American singer-songwriter *
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022. * January 2 – Luis ...
– Jeff Bridges, American actor * 1949 – Jock Stirrup, Baron Stirrup, English air marshal and politician *
1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash, Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 cr ...
– Bjørn Kjellemyr, Norwegian bassist and composer *1951 – Gary Rossington, American guitarist * 1951 – Patricia Wettig, American actress and playwright *1953 – Rick Middleton, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster * 1953 – Jean-Marie Pfaff, Belgian footballer and manager *1955 – Philip Hammond, English businessman and politician, former Chancellor of the Exchequer * 1955 – Dave Taylor (ice hockey), Dave Taylor, Canadian-American ice hockey player and manager * 1955 – Cassandra Wilson, American singer-songwriter and producer *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim ...
– Nia Griffith, Welsh educator and politician, former Shadow Secretary of State for Wales * 1956 – Bernard King, American basketball player and sportscaster *1957 – Raul Boesel, Brazilian race car driver and radio host * 1957 – Eric S. Raymond, American computer programmer and author * 1957 – Lee Smith (baseball), Lee Smith, American baseball player *1960 – David Green (baseball), David Green, Nicaraguan-American baseball player * 1960 – Glynis Nunn, Australian heptathlete and hurler *1961 – Frank Reich, American football player and coach *1962 – Vinnie Dombroski, American singer-songwriter and musician * 1962 – Gary Freeman (rugby league), Gary Freeman, New Zealand rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster * 1962 – Nixon Kiprotich, Kenyan runner * 1962 – Kevin Richardson (footballer), Kevin Richardson, English footballer and manager *1963 – Sergey Bubka, Ukrainian pole vaulter * 1963 – Nigel Heslop, English rugby player *
1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch ...
– Scott Hastings (rugby union), Scott Hastings, Scottish rugby player and sportscaster * 1964 – Marisa Tomei, American actress *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
– Álex de la Iglesia, Spanish director, producer, and screenwriter * 1965 – Shaun Hollamby, English race car driver and businessman * 1965 – Ulf Kirsten, German footballer and manager *1966 – Fred Armisen, American actor and musician * 1966 – Andy Hess, American bass player * 1966 – Suzanne Malveaux, American journalist * 1966 – Suzette M. Malveaux, American lawyer and academic *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
– Guillermo Amor, Spanish footballer and manager *1968 – Tahir Dawar, Pakistani police officer and Pashto poet (d. 2018) *
1969 This year is notable for Apollo 11's first landing on the moon. Events January * January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco. * January 5 **Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 crashes into a house on its approach to ...
– Dionne Farris, American singer-songwriter, producer and actress * 1969 – Jay-Z, American rapper, producer, and actor, co-founded Roc-A-Fella Records * 1969 – Plum Sykes, English journalist and author *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses ( February 25, July 22 and August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 10, and August 6). The world population increased by 2.1% this year, the highest increase in history. Events Ja ...
– Shannon Briggs, American boxer and actor *1972 – Jassen Cullimore, Canadian ice hockey player * 1972 – Yūko Miyamura, Japanese voice actress and singer *1973 – Tyra Banks, American model, actress, and producer * 1973 – Frank Boeijen (keyboardist), Frank Boeijen, Dutch keyboard player * 1973 – Mina Caputo, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player * 1973 – Michael Jackson (footballer, born 1973), Michael Jackson, English footballer and manager * 1973 – Steven Menzies, Australian rugby league player * 1973 – Kate Rusby, English singer-songwriter and guitarist *
1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; f ...
– Tadahito Iguchi, Japanese baseball player *1976 – Kristina Groves, Canadian speed skater *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...
– Ajit Agarkar, Indian cricketer * 1977 – Darvis Patton, American sprinter * 1977 – Morten Veland, Norwegian guitarist and songwriter *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd go ...
– Jaclyn Victor, Malaysian singer and actress *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
– Ysabella Brave, American singer-songwriter * 1979 – Jay DeMerit, American soccer player *1980 – Rick Victor, Canadian wrestler and manager *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensiv ...
– Brian Vandborg, Danish cyclist *
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street bridges, 14th Street Bridge in ...
– Nathan Douglas, English triple jumper * 1982 – Waldo Ponce, Chilean footballer * 1982 – Ho-Pin Tung, Dutch-Chinese race car driver * 1982 – Nick Vujicic, Australian evangelist *
1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP is officially completed (this is consid ...
– Jimmy Bartel, Australian footballer * 1983 – Chinx, American rapper (d. 2015) *
1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...
– Marco Giambruno, Italian footballer * 1984 – Anna Petrakova, Russian basketball player * 1984 – Joe Thomas (offensive tackle), Joe Thomas, American football player *1985 – Andrew Brackman, American baseball player * 1985 – Stephen Dawson, Irish footballer * 1985 – Carlos Gómez, Dominican baseball player *1986 – Kaija Udras, Estonian skier * 1986 – Martell Webster, American basketball player *1987 – Orlando Brown (actor), Orlando Brown, American actor and rapper *1988 – Andriy Pylyavskyi, Ukrainian footballer * 1988 – Yeng Constantino, Filipina singer and songwriter *1990 – Lukman Haruna, Nigerian footballer * 1990 – Blake Leary, Australian rugby league player * 1990 – Igor Sjunin, Estonian triple jumper *1991 – Reality Winner, American intelligence specialist convicted of espionage *1992 – Peta Hiku, New Zealand rugby league player * 1992 – Jean-Claude Iranzi, Rwandan footballer * 1992 – Kim Seok-Jin, South Korean singer, songwriter and actor *1996 – Diogo Jota, Portuguese professional footballer * 1996 – Sebastián Vegas, Chilean footballer * 1996 – Ivan Belikov, Russian footballer *1999 – Kim Do-yeon (singer), Kim Do-yeon, South Korean singer and actress


Deaths


Pre-1600

*530 BC – Cyrus the Great, king of Persia (b. 600 BC) * 749 – John of Damascus, Syrian priest and saint (b. 676) *
771 __NOTOC__ The year 771 (Roman numerals, DCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 771 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno ...
Carloman I Carloman I (28 June 751 – 4 December 771), also Karlmann, was king of the Franks from 768 until his death in 771. He was the second surviving son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon and was a younger brother of Charlemagne. His death allow ...
, Frankish king (b. 751) * 870 – Suairlech ind Eidnén mac Ciaráin, Irish bishop *1075 – Anno II, German archbishop and saint (b. 1010) *1131 – Omar Khayyám, Persian poet, astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher (b. 1048) *1214 – William the Lion, Scottish king (b. 1143) *1260 – Aymer de Valence (bishop), Aymer de Valence, Bishop of Winchester (b. 1222) *1270 – Theobald II of Navarre (b. 1238) *1334 – Pope John XXII (b. 1249) *1340 – Henry Burghersh, English bishop and politician, Lord Chancellor, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1292) *1341 – Janisław I, Archbishop of Gniezno *1408 – Valentina Visconti, Duchess of Orléans, Valentina Visconti, wife of Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans *1456 – Charles I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1401) *1459 – Adolphus VIII, Count of Holstein (b. 1401) *1576 – Georg Joachim Rheticus, Austrian-Slovak mathematician and cartographer (b. 1514) *1585 – John Willock, Scottish minister and reformer (b. 1515)


1601–1900

*1603 – Maerten de Vos, Flemish painter and draughtsman (b. 1532) *1609 – Alexander Hume, Scottish poet (b. 1560) *1637 – Nicholas Ferrar, English trader (b. 1592) *1642 – Cardinal Richelieu, French cardinal and politician, List of Prime Ministers of France, Chief Minister to the French Monarch (b. 1585) *1649 – William Drummond of Hawthornden, Scottish poet (b. 1585) *1679 – Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher and theorist (b. 1588) *1680 – Thomas Bartholin, Danish physician, mathematician, and theologian (b. 1616) *1696 – Empress Meishō of Japan (b. 1624) *1732 – John Gay, English poet and playwright (b. 1685) *1798 – Luigi Galvani, Italian physician, physicist, and philosopher (b. 1737) *1828 – Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, English politician, List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1770) *1839 – John Leamy (merchant), John Leamy, Irish–American merchant (b. 1757) *1841 – David Daniel Davis, Welsh-English physician and academic (b. 1777) *1845 – Gregor MacGregor, Scottish soldier and explorer (b. 1786) *1850 – William Sturgeon, English physicist, invented the electric motor (b. 1783) *
1893 Events January–March * January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America. * Mark Twain started writing Puddn'head Wilson. * January 6 – Th ...
– John Tyndall, Irish-English physicist and chemist (b. 1820) *1897 – Griffith Rhys Jones, Welsh conductor (b. 1834)


1901–present

*1902 – Charles Dow, American journalist and publisher, co-founded the Dow Jones & Company (b. 1851) *1926 – Ivana Kobilca, Slovenian painter (b. 1861) *1933 – Stefan George, German-Swiss poet and translator (b. 1868) *1935 – Johan Halvorsen, Norwegian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1864) * 1935 – Charles Richet, French physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1850) *1938 – Tamanishiki San'emon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 32nd Yokozuna (sumo), Yokozuna (b. 1903) *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
– Juhan Kukk, Estonian politician, 3rd Head of State of Estonia (b. 1885) * 1942 – Fritz Löhner-Beda, Jewish Austrian librettist, lyricist and writer (b. 1883) *1944 – Roger Bresnahan, American baseball player and manager (b. 1879) *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...
– Thomas Hunt Morgan, American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866) * 1945 – Richárd Weisz, Hungarian Olympic champion wrestler (b. 1879) *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
– Frank Benford, American physicist and engineer (b. 1883) *
1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash, Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 cr ...
Jesse L. Brown Jesse LeRoy Brown (October 13, 1926 – December 4, 1950) was a United States Navy officer. He was the first African-American aviator to complete the United States Navy's basic flight training program (though not the first African-American Navy ...
, 1st African-American Naval aviator (b. 1926) *1954 – George Shepherd, 1st Baron Shepherd, George Shepherd, 1st Baron Shepherd (b. 1881) *1955 – József Galamb, Hungarian-American engineer (b. 1881) *1963 – Constance Davey, Australian psychologist (b. 1882) *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
– Bert Lahr, American actor (b. 1895) *
1969 This year is notable for Apollo 11's first landing on the moon. Events January * January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco. * January 5 **Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 crashes into a house on its approach to ...
Fred Hampton Fredrick Allen Hampton Sr. (August 30, 1948 – December 4, 1969) was an American activist. He came to prominence in Chicago as deputy chairman of the national Black Panther Party and chair of the Illinois chapter. As a progressive African Ameri ...
, American Black Panthers activist (b. 1948) *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses ( February 25, July 22 and August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 10, and August 6). The world population increased by 2.1% this year, the highest increase in history. Events Ja ...
– Shunryū Suzuki, Japanese-American monk and educator, founded the San Francisco Zen Center (b. 1904) *1975 – Hannah Arendt, German-American historian, theorist, and academic (b. 1906) *1976 – Tommy Bolin, American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1951) * 1976 – Benjamin Britten, English pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1913) * 1976 – W. F. McCoy, Irish soldier, lawyer, and politician (b. 1886) *1980 – Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Portuguese lawyer and politician, 111th Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1934) * 1980 – Stanisława Walasiewicz, Polish-American runner (b. 1911) * 1980 – Don Warrington (Canadian football), Don Warrington, Canadian football player (b. 1948) *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensiv ...
– Jeanne Block, American psychologist (b. 1923) *
1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...
– Jack Mercer, American animator, screenwriter, voice actor, and singer (b. 1910) *1987 – Arnold Lobel, American author and illustrator (b. 1933) * 1987 – Rouben Mamoulian, Georgian-American director and screenwriter (b. 1897) *1988 – Osman Achmatowicz, Polish chemist and academic (b. 1899) *1992 – Henry Clausen, American lawyer and author (b. 1905) *1993 – Margaret Landon, American missionary and author (b. 1903) * 1993 –
Frank Zappa Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American musician, composer, and bandleader. His work is characterized by wikt:nonconformity, nonconformity, Free improvisation, free-form improvisation, sound experimen ...
, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1940) *1999 – Rose Bird, American academic and judge, 25th Chief Justice of California (b. 1936) *2000 – Henck Arron, Surinamese banker and politician, 1st List of Prime Ministers of Suriname#Prime Ministers of the Republic of Suriname, Prime Minister of the Republic of Suriname (b. 1936) *2003 – Iggy Katona, American race car driver (b. 1916) *2004 – Elena Souliotis, Greek soprano and actress (b. 1943) *2005 – Errol Brathwaite, New Zealand soldier and author (b. 1924) * 2005 – Gregg Hoffman, American film producer (b. 1963) *2006 – K. Ganeshalingam, Sri Lankan accountant and politician, Mayor of Colombo (b. 1938) * 2006 – Ross A. McGinnis, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1987) *2007 – Pimp C, American rapper (b. 1973) *2009 – Liam Clancy, Irish singer, actor, and guitarist (b. 1935) *2010 – King Curtis Iaukea, American wrestler (b. 1937) *2011 – Sonia Pierre, Haitian-Dominican activist (b. 1965) * 2011 – Sócrates, Brazilian footballer and manager (b. 1954) * 2011 – Hubert Sumlin, American singer and guitarist (b. 1931) *2012 – Vasily Belov, Russian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1932) * 2012 – Jack Brooks (American politician), Jack Brooks, American colonel, lawyer, and politician (b. 1922) * 2012 – Miguel Calero, Colombian footballer and manager (b. 1971) * 2012 – Anthony Deane-Drummond, English general (b. 1917) *2013 – Joana Raspall i Juanola, Spanish author and poet (b. 1913) *2014 – Claudia Emerson, American poet and academic (b. 1957) * 2014 – V. R. Krishna Iyer, Indian lawyer and judge (b. 1914) * 2014 – Vincent L. McKusick, American lawyer and judge (b. 1921) * 2014 – Jeremy Thorpe, English lawyer and politician (b. 1929) *2015 – Bill Bennett, Canadian lawyer and politician, 27th Premier of British Columbia (b. 1932) * 2015 – Robert Loggia, American actor and director (b. 1930) * 2015 – Yossi Sarid, Israeli journalist and politician, 15th Ministry of Education (Israel), Israeli Minister of Education (b. 1940) *2016 – Patricia Robins, British writer and WAAF officer (b. 1921) *2017 – Shashi Kapoor, Indian actor (b. 1938) *2022 – Bob McGrath, American singer and actor (b. 1932) * 2022 – Patrick Tambay, French race car driver (b. 1949){{cite web , url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.two-time-grand-prix-winner-patrick-tambay-passes-away-aged-73.3LnW39kxLlazb7PqejVpwr.html , title=Two-time Grand Prix winner Patrick Tambay passes away, aged 73 , date=4 December 2022 , website=Formula 1 , access-date=4 December 2022


Holidays and observances

*Christian feast day: **St. Ada, Ada **Anno II **Saint Barbara, Barbara, and its related observances: ***Barbórka, Miners' Day in Poland ***Eid il-Burbara, a holiday similar to Halloween in honor of
Saint Barbara Saint Barbara ( grc, Ἁγία Βαρβάρα; cop, Ϯⲁⲅⲓⲁ Ⲃⲁⲣⲃⲁⲣⲁ; ; ), known in the Eastern Orthodox Church as the Great Martyr Barbara, was an Early Christianity, early Christian Lebanese and Greek saint and martyr. Acc ...
. (Russia, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian National Authority, Palestine, Syria, Turkey) **Bernardo degli Uberti **Clement of Alexandria (Anglicanism, Eastern Catholicism) **Giovanni Calabria **John of Damascus **Maruthas of Martyropolis, Maruthas **Nicholas Ferrar (Anglicanism) **Osmund (bishop of Salisbury), Osmund **Sigiramnus **December 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *List of food days#December, National Cookie Day (United States) *Navy Day (India) *Thai Environment Day (Thailand) *Tupou I Day (Tonga)


References

{{Reflist


External links

{{commons
BBC: On This Day
* {{NYT On this day, month=12, day=4
Historical Events on December 4
{{months Days of the year December