2017–18 Australian Region Cyclone Season
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The 2017–18 Australian region cyclone season was an average period of
tropical cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depend ...
formation Formation may refer to: Linguistics * Back-formation, the process of creating a new lexeme by removing or affixes * Word formation, the creation of a new word by adding affixes Mathematics and science * Cave formation or speleothem, a secondar ...
in the Southern Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, between 90°E and 160°E, with 11 named storms, which 3 intensified into severe tropical cyclones. Another two tropical cyclones, Cempaka (Indonesian region north of 10°S) and Flamboyan (Indonesian and La Réunion's area of responsibility) occurred outside the Australian region but are included in the descriptions below. The season officially began 1 November 2017 and ended on 30 April 2018; however, tropical cyclones can form at any time of the year, as demonstrated by the first tropical low of the season in early August. Any tropical system that forms between 1 July 2017 and 30 June 2018 will count towards the season total. During the season, tropical cyclones will be officially monitored by one of the five tropical cyclone warning centres (TCWCs) that operate in this region. Three of the five centres are operated by the Australian
Bureau of Meteorology The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM or BoM) is an executive agency of the Australian Government responsible for providing weather services to Australia and surrounding areas. It was established in 1906 under the Meteorology Act, and brought together ...
(BOM) in
Perth Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is ...
, Darwin and
Brisbane Brisbane ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the states and territories of Australia, Australian state of Queensland, and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a populati ...
, while the other two are operated by the National Weather Service of
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...
in
Port Moresby (; Tok Pisin: ''Pot Mosbi''), also referred to as Pom City or simply Moresby, is the capital and largest city of Papua New Guinea. It is one of the largest cities in the southwestern Pacific (along with Jayapura) outside of Australia and New Z ...
and the
Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency ( id, Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika, abbreviated BMKG) is an Indonesian non-departmental government agency for meteorology, climatology, and geophysics. History Its history began ...
in
Jakarta Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...
. The
Joint Typhoon Warning Center The Joint typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
(JTWC) of the United States and other national meteorological services, including
Météo-France Météo-France is the French national meteorological service. Organisation The organisation was established by decree in June 1993 and is a department of the Ministry of Transportation. It is headquartered in Paris but many domestic operatio ...
at
Réunion Réunion (; french: La Réunion, ; previously ''Île Bourbon''; rcf, label= Reunionese Creole, La Rényon) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas department and region of France. It is located approximately east of the island ...
, also monitored the basin during the season. __TOC__


Seasonal forecasts

During October, ahead of the tropical cyclone season, the Bureau of Meteorology issued a tropical cyclone outlook for the coming 2017–18 season, which would officially run from 1 November 2017 to 30 April 2018. Seasonal forecasts were issued for the basin as a whole, as well as the Eastern, Northern and Western regions and the North-Western sub-region. The forecasts took into account various factors, including the latest neutral to weak La Niña conditions that had been observed in the tropical Pacific Ocean. The outlooks showed that activity in the basin overall, as well as for each of its individual regions, would be near average. For the Western region between 90°E and 125°E, the BOM forecast that the area would also see activity slightly above its average of 7, with a 52% chance of an above average number of tropical cyclones occurring. TCWC Perth also noted that there was a likelihood of two tropical cyclones and a significant likelihood of at least one severe tropical cyclone impacting Western Australia. For the North-Western sub-region between 105°E and 130°E, it was predicted that activity would be above average, with a 56% chance of above-average tropical cyclone activity. The Northern Territory, which was defined as being between as being 125°E and 142.5°E, had a 53% chance of an above-average season. The Eastern region between 142.5°E and 160°E was predicted to have a slightly above-normal tropical cyclone season, with a 54% chance of above-average tropical cyclone activity.


Seasonal summary

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scales Scale or scales may refer to: Mathematics * Scale (descriptive set theory), an object defined on a set of points * Scale (ratio), the ratio of a linear dimension of a model to the corresponding dimension of the original * Scale factor, a number w ...
)"


Systems


Tropical Low 01U


Tropical Cyclone Cempaka

On 22 November, TCWC Perth and TCWC Jakarta started to monitor a weak tropical low that had developed about 332 km (206 mi) south of the city of
Surabaya Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Java and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. L ...
. By 06:00 UTC of 26 November, TCWC Jakarta began issuing advisories and was classified as a tropical depression. The JTWC, however, issued a
Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) is a bulletin released by the U.S. Navy-operated Joint Typhoon Warning Center in Honolulu, Hawaii or the Fleet Weather Center in Norfolk, Virginia, warning of the possibility of a tropical cyclone forming ...
early on 27 November, stating that satellite imagery depicted flaring convection near its center. Several hours later, TCWC Jakarta upgraded the system to a tropical cyclone, giving the name ''Cempaka''. Winds from the cyclone also blew ash from nearby
Mount Agung Mount Agung ( id, Parwata Agung; ban, ᬕᬦ ᬆᬕ) is an active volcano in Bali, Indonesia, southeast of Mount Batur volcano, also in Bali. It is the highest point on Bali, and dominates the surrounding area, influencing the climate, especiall ...
on Bali westwards to its popular beaches and far eastern
Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...
. On 30 November, Cempaka weakened into a tropical low, while turning to the southwest. TCWC Perth last mentioned Cempaka on 1 December. Although Cempaka never made landfall, the rainfall from the storm caused severe flooding and landslides across the southern half of Java and Bali, killing at least 41 people and destroying many homes and businesses.


Tropical Low 04U


Tropical Cyclone Dahlia

Tropical Low 03U was first noted as a tropical depression by TCWC Jakarta on 24 November, while it was located about to the west of Jakarta, Indonesia. By 29 November, TCWC Jakarta upgraded the system to a tropical cyclone, receiving the name ''Dahlia'', making it the first time where at least two cyclones were formed and named by TCWC Jakarta in a single season. The JTWC followed suit the next day, designating the system as ''01S''. Best track reanalysis by the Bureau of Meteorology concluded that Dahlia reached tropical cyclone intensity as a Category 2, with sustained winds of 50 knots on 1 December and a minimum barometric pressure of 985 hPa. Dahlia maintained its intensity for several hours until the storm moved southeastwards and began to rapidly weaken on 2 December as it interacted with Ex-Tropical Cyclone Cempaka. Dahlia briefly reintensified for a period on 3 December. The BoM later issued its final bulletin on Dahlia early on 4 December. TCWC Perth last monitored on Dahlia on 5 December.


Tropical Cyclone Hilda

During 26 December, the BoM reported that a tropical low had developed just off the
Kimberley coast Kimberley coastline (Western Australia) is a coastal region at the ocean edges of the Kimberley land region in the northern part of Western Australia. It commences at the border with Northern Territory and ends at Wallal where the Pilbara Co ...
, about to the north of
Derby Derby ( ) is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England. It lies on the banks of the River Derwent in the south of Derbyshire, which is in the East Midlands Region. It was traditionally the county town of Derbyshire. Derby gai ...
. The system subsequently moved south-southwest parallel to the coast, as it developed further before it moved overland to the southwest of
Cape Leveque Cape Leveque is at the northernmost tip of the Dampier Peninsula in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Cape Leveque is (via the Cape Leveque Road) north of Broome, and is remote with few facilities. Nevertheless, the Cape's sandy bea ...
. The system was subsequently classified as a Category 1 tropical cyclone on 27 December and named Hilda by the BoM, while it was located inland near Broome based on reports of persistent gale-force winds from Broome Airport. Soon back over water, the system strengthened more, and was classified as a Category 2 tropical cyclone with 10-minute peak windspeeds of . Late that same day, Hilda made a second and final landfall just north of Bidyadanga at near peak intensity. Inland, the cyclone moved south-southeastward, weakening into a tropical low by the afternoon of 28 December, and then dissipating the following day. Overall, Hilda caused only minor damage as it moved through western Kimberley.


Tropical Cyclone Irving

On 3 January, a tropical low had developed to the southwest of
Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...
. On 06:00 UTC of 5 January, TCWC Perth began issuing advisories on the system, using the identifier ''08U''. TCWC Perth had recorded winds of , despite the fact that the system did not have the structure of a tropical cyclone. By the next day, 08U then strengthened into a Category 1 tropical cyclone, with the storm receiving the name ''Irving'', the fourth named storm of the season. Three hours later, the JTWC followed suit and gave the system the designation ''04S''. TCWC Perth, however, discontinued advisories after Irving exited the basin on 12:00 UTC the same day.


Tropical Cyclone Joyce

A tropical low developed over the
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf Joseph Bonaparte Gulf is a large body of water off the coast of the Northern Territory and Western Australia and part of the Timor Sea. It was named after Joseph Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon and King of Naples (1806-1808) and then Spain (1808 ...
on 7 January 2018, and moved over the Kimberley region of Western Australia the next day. On 10 January, the low moved offshore and began to develop, and the system was upgraded to a tropical cyclone, named Joyce, on 11 January. The system made landfall on the Western Australian coast the following day. The remnants of Cyclone Joyce bought heavy rain to the Perth Metro Area on 15 January; a total of 96 mm (3.77 in) of rain in 24 hours fell in
Perth Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is ...
, while
Rottnest Island Rottnest Island ( nys, Wadjemup), often colloquially referred to as "Rotto", is a island off the coast of Western Australia, located west of Fremantle. A sandy, low-lying island formed on a base of aeolianite limestone, Rottnest is an A-class ...
recorded the highest amount of rain in the metro, which was a total of 142mm (5.59 in).


Tropical Low 11U

The slow-moving system brought copious rains to a broad swath of coastal Australia. In
Kimberley, Western Australia The Kimberley is the northernmost of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is bordered on the west by the Indian Ocean, on the north by the Timor Sea, on the south by the Great Sandy and Tanami deserts in the region of the Pilbara, an ...
, near-record rainfall accumulations of in four days caused extensive flooding. In a 24-hour span, of rain fell across
Broome, Western Australia Broome, also known as Rubibi by the Yawuru people, is a coastal pearling and tourist town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, north of Perth. In the the population was recorded as 14,660. It is the largest town in the Kimberley reg ...
, with flood waters in some areas reaching depths of . Portions of the
Great Northern Highway Great Northern Highway is an Australian highway that links Western Australia's capital city Perth with its northernmost port, Wyndham. With a length of almost , it is the longest highway in Australia, with the majority included as part of the ...
and Cape Leveque road were closed. Coastal areas experienced powerful winds reaching with gusts to ; these winds downed many trees and power lines. The effects of the low were considered substantially worse than Hilda and Joyce, tropical cyclones that affected the same region earlier in the season.


Severe Tropical Cyclone Kelvin

Tropical Cyclone Kelvin formed on 12 February and rapidly intensified into a Category 2 Storm (Australian Scale) and a Category 1 Storm (Saffir–Simpson) Kelvin made landfall, but unusually formed an eye over land. Kelvin sustained cyclone or hurricane intensity until dissipating on 20 February. Tropical Cyclone Kelvin brought widespread heavy rainfall to the Kimberley region which had already been saturated by other tropical cyclone systems. As a result, significant flooding occurred in parts of the Kimberley, including in the towns of Broome and Bidyadanga. Property damage was sustained at Broome and
Anna Plains Station Anna Plains Station is a cattle station in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Location The station is situated on the Western Australian coast south of Broome. It lies in the Shire of Broome in the Kimberley region and in the Dam ...
, where the cyclone made landfall, as well as infrastructural damage to the
Great Northern Highway Great Northern Highway is an Australian highway that links Western Australia's capital city Perth with its northernmost port, Wyndham. With a length of almost , it is the longest highway in Australia, with the majority included as part of the ...
as a result of the heavy rainfall and flooding.


Tropical Cyclone Linda

On 11 March, satellite imagery showed that atmospheric convection was persisting around a low-level circulation centre, that had developed on 160°E to the southwest of the
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its capita ...
. The system was subsequently classified as Tropical Low 21U by the BoM and Tropical Disturbance 10F by the FMS later that day. Over the next couple of days, the system gradually developed further as it moved southwards into the Coral Sea, through an area of warm sea surface temperatures of about and low to moderate vertical wind shear. On 11 March, the
Fiji Meteorological Service The Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) is a Department of the government of Fiji responsible for providing weather forecasts and is based on the grounds of Nadi Airport in Nadi. The current director of Fiji Meteorological Service is Misaeli Funaki. ...
reported that Tropical Disturbance 10F had developed about to the southwest of
Rennell and Bellona Province Rennell and Bellona is one of the nine provinces of Solomon Islands, comprising two inhabited atolls, Rennell and Bellona, or and respectively in Rennellese (a Polynesian language), as well as the uninhabited Indispensable Reef. Rennell and B ...
of the
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its capita ...
. The system was poorly organised, with atmospheric convection displaced to the east of the low-level circulation centre. On the morning of 12 March, following some mild strengthening, the JTWC upgraded the disturbance to a tropical depression, and the Bureau of Meteorology assigned the system the tropical low designation 21U. Late the same day, the JTWC assessed the system to be producing gale-force winds, and upgraded it to tropical storm status on the
Saffir–Simpson scale The Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS) classifies hurricanes—which in the Western Hemisphere are tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical storms—into five categories distinguished by ...
. The storm moved generally southwards and entered the Australian region at 10:00
AEST Australia uses three main time zones: Australian Western Standard Time (AWST; UTC+08:00), Australian Central Standard Time (ACST; UTC+09:30), and Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST; UTC+10:00). Time is regulated by the individual state gov ...
on 13 March. Despite being exposed to generally unfavourable atmospheric conditions for tropical cyclone development, the tropical low strengthened into a category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale six hours later. The storm was named "Linda", and was the first tropical cyclone in the Eastern Region for the 2017–18 season. Tropical Cyclone Linda attained its peak intensity at 22:00 AEST 13 March, with 10-minute sustained winds, one-minute sustained winds, and a minimum atmospheric pressure of . A few hours later, the storm assumed a more southwesterly course towards the southern
Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...
coast. As a result of the further deteriorating atmospheric conditions and cooling
sea surface temperature Sea surface temperature (SST), or ocean surface temperature, is the ocean temperature close to the surface. The exact meaning of ''surface'' varies according to the measurement method used, but it is between and below the sea surface. Air mass ...
s due to movement away from warm equatorial waters, Linda weakened to a subtropical low during mid-morning on 14 March, having spent fewer than 24 hours as a cyclone. The JTWC proceeded to downgrade the system below tropical storm intensity at 04:00 AEST on 25 March. The remnant low transitioned to a south-southeasterly track and continued to decay while travelling roughly parallel to the coastline, finally dissipating on 16 March. Ex-Tropical Cyclone Linda passed within about 300 km (185 mi) of
Fraser Island Fraser Island (Butchulla: ) is a World Heritage-listed island along the south-eastern coast in the Wide Bay–Burnett region, Queensland, Australia. The island is approximately north of the state capital, Brisbane, and is within the Fraser ...
at its closest approach to Australia, and produced large waves and swell which were experienced on exposed southern Queensland beaches. Due to the dangerous surf conditions, many beaches south of Fraser Island were closed on 14 and 15 March for the safety of the public. Areas off parts of the Sunshine Coast experienced waves of up to 8 metres (26 feet), and 1 metre (3 feet) of
beach erosion Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms. The landward ...
occurred at the
Gold Coast Gold Coast may refer to: Places Africa * Gold Coast (region), in West Africa, which was made up of the following colonies, before being established as the independent nation of Ghana: ** Portuguese Gold Coast (Portuguese, 1482–1642) ** Dutch G ...
. Sustained gale-force winds were recorded on the Australian mainland at
Double Island Point Double Island Point is a coastal headland in Queensland, Australia. It is the next headland north of Noosa and is within the Cooloola section of the Great Sandy National Park, at the southern end of Wide Bay. It is approximately 12km south a ...
on 14 March, with gusts up to .


Severe Tropical Cyclone Marcus

On 14 March, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology issued cyclone warnings for Darwin, the Tiwi Islands and parts of the northwest Top End. Marcus formed north of the Tiwi Islands as a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale, and was upgraded to Category 2 in the hours before it hit the Northern Territory coastline on 17 March. Major events and flights in and out of Darwin were cancelled. Upon moving away from the coast, Marcus intensified markedly, and on 21 March, Cyclone Marcus reached Category 5 status on both cyclone scales. From then on, Marcus began a weakening phase, brushing by Western Australia and becoming a remnant low on 24 March.


Severe Tropical Cyclone Nora

On the afternoon of 19 March, the Bureau of Meteorology reported on the development of a weak tropical low in the
Torres Strait The Torres Strait (), also known as Zenadh Kes, is a strait between Australia and the Melanesian island of New Guinea. It is wide at its narrowest extent. To the south is Cape York Peninsula, the northernmost extremity of the Australian mai ...
, north of
Thursday Island Thursday Island, colloquially known as TI, or in the Kawrareg dialect, Waiben or Waibene, is an island of the Torres Strait Islands, an archipelago of at least 274 small islands in the Torres Strait. TI is located approximately north of Cape ...
. Two days later, on the afternoon of 21 March, tropical cyclone advice bulletins were initiated as the tropical low began to develop, and a cyclone watch was issued for the far northeastern coastal region of the
Top End The Top End of Australia's Northern Territory is a geographical region encompassing the northernmost section of the Northern Territory, which aside from the Cape York Peninsula is the northernmost part of the Australian continent. It covers a ra ...
. At this stage, the system was forecast to coalesce into a tropical cyclone by 4:00 a.m. on 23 March ( ACST), and then reach severe tropical cyclone strength by 4:00 p.m. the next day. On the afternoon of 22 March, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center upgraded the strengthening system to a tropical storm. Later on the same day, the Bureau of Meteorology identified that sustained gale-force winds had developed on the northern semicircle of the system; however, the system was still classified as a tropical low as these winds did not extend more than halfway around the circulation centre. On 23 March, the system organized sufficiently into a tropical cyclone, and was named ''Nora'' by the BoM. Within the next couple of days, Nora intensified into a Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone, before making landfall on the
Top End The Top End of Australia's Northern Territory is a geographical region encompassing the northernmost section of the Northern Territory, which aside from the Cape York Peninsula is the northernmost part of the Australian continent. It covers a ra ...
at that intensity. Afterward, Nora gradually began to weaken, degenerating into a tropical low soon afterward. On 26 March, Nora's remnant low stalled, and began to slowly meander counterclockwise over the Top End. On 27 March, Nora's remnant moved westward across the
Gulf of Carpentaria The Gulf of Carpentaria (, ) is a large, shallow sea enclosed on three sides by northern Australia and bounded on the north by the eastern Arafura Sea (the body of water that lies between Australia and New Guinea). The northern boundary is ...
. On the next day, Nora's remnant made landfall on the Australian coast once again and dissipated.


Tropical Cyclone Iris

During 24 March, the BoM reported that Cyclone Iris had moved into the Australian region from the South Pacific as a Category 1 tropical cyclone, while located about to the south of Honiara in the Solomon Islands. According to the BoM, the system quickly weakened into a tropical low during that day as it moved further into the Australian region. Conversely, the JTWC reported that Iris had developed into a tropical cyclone at around 04:00 AEST on 25 March (18:00 UTC on 24 March), when there were good divergence aloft and a formative poleward
outflow Outflow may refer to: *Capital outflow, the capital leaving a particular economy *Bipolar outflow, in astronomy, two continuous flows of gas from the poles of a star *Outflow (hydrology), the discharge of a lake or other reservoir system * Outflow ...
channel, although high vertical
wind shear Wind shear (or windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical or horizontal ...
kept impacting the system. Tracking generally southwards along the western periphery of a near-equatoral ridge, Iris remained weak with an exposed low-level circulation centre, which resulted in the final warning from the JTWC being issued at 09:00 UTC on 27 March, as colder
sea surface temperature Sea surface temperature (SST), or ocean surface temperature, is the ocean temperature close to the surface. The exact meaning of ''surface'' varies according to the measurement method used, but it is between and below the sea surface. Air mass ...
s further eroded the fully sheared system. On 28 March, Iris slowed down and started to exhibit subtropical characteristics. The subtropical low began to drift northwestward, parallel to the coast of
Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...
on 29 March. The JTWC issued a
Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) is a bulletin released by the U.S. Navy-operated Joint Typhoon Warning Center in Honolulu, Hawaii or the Fleet Weather Center in Norfolk, Virginia, warning of the possibility of a tropical cyclone forming ...
for Iris again on 1 April, due to the increasing amounts of persistent convection and improving low-level banding. These factors indicated that Iris had transitioned back to a tropical low on the same day, as it turned towards the south-southeast. Both the BoM and the JTWC reported that Iris had redeveloped into a tropical cyclone at around 10:00 AEST (00:00 UTC) on 2 April, supported by
Dvorak technique The Dvorak technique (developed between 1969 and 1984 by Vernon Dvorak) is a widely used system to estimate tropical cyclone intensity (which includes tropical depression, tropical storm, and hurricane/typhoon/intense tropical cyclone intensitie ...
estimates as well as sustained
gale A gale is a strong wind; the word is typically used as a descriptor in nautical contexts. The U.S. National Weather Service defines a gale as sustained surface winds moving at a speed of between 34 and 47 knots (, or ).Flinders Reef Flinders Reef is a small isolated reef near Moreton Island, north-east of Cape Moreton in South East Queensland, Australia. It has the highest number of coral species of any subtropical reef system along Australia's east coast and is the neares ...
. A half-day later, the station further recorded maximum sustained winds at . Thanks to weak vertical wind shear, warm SSTs at 28
°C The degree Celsius is the unit of temperature on the Celsius scale (originally known as the centigrade scale outside Sweden), one of two temperature scales used in the International System of Units (SI), the other being the Kelvin scale. The ...
, and excellent poleward outflow, the BoM indicated that Iris had further intensified into a Category 2 tropical cyclone at around 04:00 AEST on 3 April (18:00 UTC on 2 April), with estimated 10-minute maximum sustained winds at . Iris became almost stationary on the same day, due to the competing steering influences from a near-equatorial ridge located to the northeast and a subtropical ridge anchored over Australia. Early on 3 April, Iris resumed its south-southeastward track and turned eastward; at the same time, the low-level circulation centre became partially exposed, with deep convection only persisting over the southern periphery of the storm, showing that the intensification had stopped. At 04:07 AEST on 4 April (18:07 UTC on 3 April), microwave imagery revealed that Iris briefly had formed a shallow
eyewall The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of tropical cyclones. The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically in diameter. It is surrounded by the ''eyewall'', a ring of towering thunderstorms where the most severe weat ...
, prompting the JTWC to indicate that Iris reached its peak intensity at 10:00 AEST (00:00 UTC), with the same estimate as the BoM's 30 hours earlier. However, the BoM downgraded Iris to a Category 1 tropical cyclone at 16:00 AEST (06:00 UTC), as the unfavourable environment with moderate northwesterly wind shear, weak upper-level outflow, penetrating dry air, and marginal supportive SSTs at about 26 °C, had begun to impact the sheared system.


Tropical Cyclone Flamboyan

Flamboyan formed on 27 April, before moving into the South-West Indian Ocean basin on 28 April. Afterward, the system began intensifying. Flamboyan occurred outside the Australian region, having developed north of 10S in Indonesia's area of responsibility before moving southwest into La Réunion's area of responsibility.


Other systems

On 8 August, TCWC Perth started to monitor a tropical low located approximately 850 km (530 mi) to the west-northwest of the
Cocos Islands ) , anthem = "''Advance Australia Fair''" , song_type = , song = , image_map = Australia on the globe (Cocos (Keeling) Islands special) (Southeast Asia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands , map_caption = ...
, on the
90th meridian east The meridian 90° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. It is the border between two tropical cyclone bas ...
—the western edge of the BOM's area of responsibility. The tropical low moved in a west-southwesterly direction and attained sustained winds south of the circulation center, and a minimum barometric pressure of 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg). The storm moved out of the Australian region on the same day. On 24 November, TCWC Darwin started to monitor a weak tropical low that had developed in the
Banda Sea The Banda Sea ( id, Laut Banda, pt, Mar de Banda, tet, Tasi Banda) is one of four seas that surround the Maluku Islands of Indonesia, connected to the Pacific Ocean, but surrounded by hundreds of islands, including Timor, as well as the Halma ...
. The system moved in a slow direction, and attained a minimum pressure of 1005 hPa, until it was last mentioned on 29 November. On 1 December, a tropical low formed to the south of
Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...
. The tropical low rapidly moved southwestward, before dissipating the next day. On 1 January, TCWC Perth began to track a small, weak tropical low to the south of
Bali Bali () is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nu ...
. The system was last mentioned the next day. On 14 January, a weak tropical low had developed about 750 km (466 mi) to the northwest of
Exmouth Exmouth is a harbor, port town, civil parishes in England, civil parish and seaside resort, sited on the east bank of the mouth of the River Exe and southeast of Exeter. In 2011 it had a population of 34,432, making Exmouth the List of town ...
. The tropical low moved in a general westward direction for several days until it was last monitored by TCWC Perth on 19 January. On 27 January, TCWC Brisbane began monitoring on a tropical low-pressure system that was located to the south of the
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its capita ...
. The system had a moderate chance of becoming a tropical cyclone although the system had already crossed basins into the South Pacific where it subsequently became Tropical Cyclone Fehi by 29 January. On 1 February, a weak tropical low had briefly developed in the
Coral Sea The Coral Sea () is a marginal sea of the South Pacific off the northeast coast of Australia, and classified as an interim Australian bioregion. The Coral Sea extends down the Australian northeast coast. Most of it is protected by the Fre ...
. On 9 February, a slow-moving tropical low had developed located about 450 km (280 mi) to the northwest of
Cooktown, Queensland Cooktown is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia. Cooktown is at the mouth of the Endeavour River, on Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland where James Cook beached his ship, the Endeavour, for repairs ...
. The system moved westward and was last noticed three days later. On 4 March, a tropical low persisted to the west of
Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...
. In the course of two days, the tropical low emerged towards the waters of the
Gulf of Carpentaria The Gulf of Carpentaria (, ) is a large, shallow sea enclosed on three sides by northern Australia and bounded on the north by the eastern Arafura Sea (the body of water that lies between Australia and New Guinea). The northern boundary is ...
. The tropical low rapidly dissipated, however, on 9 March. A weak tropical low near the
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its capita ...
was first identified by the Bureau of Meteorology on 17 March. Over the next couple of days, the tropical low meandered over the
Solomon Sea The Solomon Sea is a sea located within the Pacific Ocean. It lies between Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Many major battles were fought there during World War II. Extent The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of ...
. The system was last noted by the Bureau of Meteorology on the afternoon of 19 March.


Storm names


Bureau of Meteorology

Since the start of the 2008–09 season, there has only been one list from which the
Bureau of Meteorology The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM or BoM) is an executive agency of the Australian Government responsible for providing weather services to Australia and surrounding areas. It was established in 1906 under the Meteorology Act, and brought together ...
has assigned names to tropical cyclones, despite still operating three separate tropical cyclone warning centres (TCWCs) in
Perth Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is ...
, Darwin and
Brisbane Brisbane ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the states and territories of Australia, Australian state of Queensland, and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a populati ...
. These warning centres monitor all tropical cyclones that form within the Australian region, including any within the areas of responsibility of TCWC Jakarta or TCWC Port Moresby. A total of seven tropical cyclones were named by the BOM during the season; these are listed below. * Hilda * Irving * Joyce *
Kelvin The kelvin, symbol K, is the primary unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI), used alongside its prefixed forms and the degree Celsius. It is named after the Belfast-born and University of Glasgow-based engineer and phys ...
* Linda * Marcus *
Nora Nora, NORA, or Norah may refer to: * Nora (name), a feminine given name People with the surname * Arlind Nora (born 1980), Albanian footballer * Pierre Nora (born 1931), French historian Places Australia * Norah Head, New South Wales, headlan ...


TCWC Jakarta

The TCWC in
Jakarta Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...
, operated by the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics, monitors tropical cyclones from the
Equator The equator is a circle of latitude, about in circumference, that divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude, halfway between the North and South poles. The term can als ...
to 11°S and between the
longitude Longitude (, ) is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east–west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek letter l ...
s 90°E and 145°E. Tropical depressions which reached tropical cyclone strength within this region were named by TCWC Jakarta. This occurred a record total of three times this season, and the names used are listed below. * Cempaka * Dahlia * Flamboyan


TCWC Port Moresby

Tropical cyclones that develop between the Equator and 11°S, between 151°E and 160°E, are assigned names by the TCWC in
Port Moresby (; Tok Pisin: ''Pot Mosbi''), also referred to as Pom City or simply Moresby, is the capital and largest city of Papua New Guinea. It is one of the largest cities in the southwestern Pacific (along with Jayapura) outside of Australia and New Z ...
,
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...
. Tropical cyclone formation in this area is rare, with no cyclones being named in it since
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister of Pakistan, Pr ...
. A chronological list is not used; rather, names are selected in a random order from a pool of names.


Name retirement

Due to both the damage that Cyclone Marcus caused in Darwin, and its subsequent intensification into a powerful Category 5 severe tropical cyclone, the BOM retired the name ''Marcus'' from its naming list. It was replaced by ''Marco''.


Season effects

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Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
, , , , , , , - , Dahlia , , , , bgcolor=#, Category 2 tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Indonesia, Christmas Island , , , , , , , - , 05U , , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , , , , , , - , Hilda , , , , bgcolor=#, Category 2 tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , ,
Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...
, , Minor , , None , , , - , 07U , , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , , , , , , - , Irving , , , , bgcolor=#, Category 1 tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , , , , , , - , Joyce , , , , bgcolor=#, Category 2 tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Western Australia , , , , , , , - , 10U , , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , , , , , , - , 11U , , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , ,
Top End The Top End of Australia's Northern Territory is a geographical region encompassing the northernmost section of the Northern Territory, which aside from the Cape York Peninsula is the northernmost part of the Australian continent. It covers a ra ...
, Western Australia , , , , , , , - , 12U , , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , , , , , , - , Fehi , , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , ,
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its capita ...
, , , , , , , - , 14U , , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , , , , , , - , 15U , , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , None , , , , , , , - ,
Kelvin The kelvin, symbol K, is the primary unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI), used alongside its prefixed forms and the degree Celsius. It is named after the Belfast-born and University of Glasgow-based engineer and phys ...
, , , , bgcolor=#, Category 3 severe tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Top End, Western Australia,
South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories ...
, , , , None , , , - , 18U , , , , bgcolor=#, Tropical low , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Northern Territory , , , , None , , , - , Linda , , , , bgcolor=#, Category 1 tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , Solomon Islands, New Caledonia
Southern Queensland , , , , , , , - , Marcus , , , , bgcolor=#, Category 5 severe tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , ,
Tanimbar Islands The Tanimbar Islands, also called ''Timur Laut'', are a group of about 65 islands in the Maluku (province), Maluku Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. The largest and most central of the islands is Yamdena; others include Selaru to t ...
,
East Timor East Timor (), also known as Timor-Leste (), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-weste ...
, Top End,
Kimberley , , , , None , , , - ,
Nora Nora, NORA, or Norah may refer to: * Nora (name), a feminine given name People with the surname * Arlind Nora (born 1980), Albanian footballer * Pierre Nora (born 1931), French historian Places Australia * Norah Head, New South Wales, headlan ...
, , , , bgcolor=#, Category 3 severe tropical cyclone , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , New Guinea,
Aru Islands The Aru Islands Regency ( id, Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru) is a group of about 95 low-lying islands in the Maluku Islands of eastern Indonesia. It also forms a regency of Maluku Province, with a land area of . At the 2011 Census the Regency had a po ...
,
Northern Territory,
Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...
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See also

*
Weather of 2017 The following is a list of weather events that occurred in 2017. Summary by weather type Winter storms and cold waves Winter weather in 2017 kicked off with a winter storm from January 4-8. This winter storm causes six fatalities. Around a ...
and
2018 File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...
*
Australian region tropical cyclone An Australian region tropical cyclone is a non-frontal, low-pressure system that has developed within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures and little vertical wind shear aloft in either the Southern Indian Ocean or the South Pacific Oce ...
*Tropical cyclones in
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a ser ...
and
2018 File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...
*
List of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons Lists of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons provides regional indexes to lists of articles about tropical cyclone seasons that occurred in the Southern Hemisphere. They include: * South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone ** South-Wes ...
*Atlantic hurricane seasons:
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a ser ...
,
2018 File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...
*Pacific hurricane seasons:
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a ser ...
,
2018 File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...
*Pacific typhoon seasons:
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a ser ...
,
2018 File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...
*North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons:
2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a ser ...
,
2018 File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...
* 2017–18 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season * 2017–18 South Pacific cyclone season


References


External links


Australian Bureau of Meteorology

Joint Typhoon Warning Center

Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Jakarta

Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Port Moresby
{{DEFAULTSORT:2017-18 Australian Region Cyclone Season Australian region cyclone seasons 2017 AUS 2018 AUS