28 June

Events

Pre-1600

*1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch.
*1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.

* 1461 – Edward, Earl of March, is crowned King Edward IV of England.
*1495 – A French force heavily defeats a much larger Neapolitan and Spanish army at the battle of Seminara, leading to the creation of the Tercios by Gonzalo de Córdoba.
*1519 – Charles V is elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
*1575 – Sengoku period of Japan: The combined forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu are victorious in the Battle of Nagashino.

1601–1900

*1635 – Guadeloupe becomes a French colony.
*1651 – The Battle of Berestechko between Poland and Ukraine starts.
*1745 – A New England colonial army captures the French fortifications at Louisbourg (New Style).
*1776 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Sullivan's Island ends with the American victory, leading to the commemoration of Carolina Day.
* 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Thomas Hickey, Continental Army private and bodyguard to General George Washington, is hanged for mutiny and sedition.
*1778 – American Revolutionary War: The American Continentals engage the British in the Battle of Monmouth Courthouse resulting in standstill and British withdrawal under cover of darkness.
*1797 – French troops disembark in Corfu, beginning the French rule in the Ionian Islands.
*1807 – Second British invasion of the Río de la Plata; John Whitelocke lands at Ensenada on an attempt to recapture Buenos Aires and is defeated by the locals.
*1838 – Coronation of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
*1841 – The Paris Opera Ballet premieres ''Giselle'' in the Salle Le Peletier.
*1855 – Sigma Chi fraternity is founded in North America.
* 1859 – The first conformation dog show is held in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
*1865 – The Army of the Potomac is disbanded.
*1870 – The US Congress establishes the first federal holidays (New Year Day, July 4th, Thanksgiving, and Christmas).
*1880 – Australian bushranger Ned Kelly is captured at Glenrowan.
* 1881 – The Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881 is secretly signed.
*1882 – The Anglo-French Convention of 1882 marks the territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone.
*1894 – Labor Day becomes an official US holiday.
*1895 – The United States Court of Private Land Claims rules James Reavis’s claim to Barony of Arizona is "wholly fictitious and fraudulent."
*1896 – An explosion in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Mine in Pittston, Pennsylvania results in a massive cave-in that kills 58 miners.

1901–present

*1902 – The U.S. Congress passes the Spooner Act, authorizing President Theodore Roosevelt to acquire rights from Colombia for the Panama Canal.
*1904 – The runs aground on Hasselwood Rock in the North Atlantic northwest of Ireland. More than 635 people die during the sinking.
*1911 – The Nakhla meteorite, the first one to suggest signs of aqueous processes on Mars, falls to Earth, landing in Egypt.
*1914 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie are assassinated in Sarajevo; this is the ''casus belli'' of World War I.
*1917 – World War I: Greece joins the Allied powers.
*1919 – The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending the state of war between Germany and the Allies of World War I.
*1921 – Serbian King Alexander I proclaims the new constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, known thereafter as the Vidovdan Constitution.
*1922 – The Irish Civil War begins with the shelling of the Four Courts in Dublin by Free State forces.
*1926 – Mercedes-Benz is formed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz merging their two companies.
*1936 – The Japanese puppet state of Mengjiang is formed in northern China.
*1940 – Romania cedes Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union after facing an ultimatum.
*1942 – World War II: Nazi Germany starts its strategic summer offensive against the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue.
*1945 – Poland's Soviet-allied Provisional Government of National Unity is formed over a month after V-E Day.
*1948 – Cold War: The Tito–Stalin Split results in the expulsion of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia from the Cominform.
* 1948 – Boxer Dick Turpin beats Vince Hawkins at Villa Park in Birmingham to become the first black British boxing champion in the modern era.
*1950 – Korean War: Suspected communist sympathizers (between 60,000 and 200,000) are executed in the Bodo League massacre.
* 1950 – Korean War: Packed with its own refugees fleeing Seoul and leaving their 5th Division stranded, South Korean forces blow up the Hangang Bridge in an attempt to slow North Korea's offensive. The city falls later that day.
* 1950 – Korean War: North Korean Army conducts the Seoul National University Hospital massacre.
*1956 – In Poznań, workers from HCP factory go to the streets, sparking one of the first major protests against communist government both in Poland and Europe.
*1964 – Malcolm X forms the Organization of Afro-American Unity.
*1969 – Stonewall riots begin in New York City, marking the start of the Gay Rights Movement.
*1973 – Elections are held for the Northern Ireland Assembly, which will lead to power-sharing between unionists and nationalists in Northern Ireland for the first time.
*1976 – The Angolan court sentences US and UK mercenaries to death sentences and prison terms in the Luanda Trial.
*1978 – The United States Supreme Court, in ''Regents of the University of California v. Bakke'' bars quota systems in college admissions.
*1981 – A powerful bomb explodes in Tehran, killing 73 officials of the Islamic Republican Party.
*1982 – Aeroflot Flight 8641 crashes in Mazyr, Belarus, killing 132 people.
*1987 – For the first time in military history, a civilian population is targeted for chemical attack when Iraqi warplanes bombed the Iranian town of Sardasht.
*1989 – On the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo, Slobodan Milošević delivers the Gazimestan speech at the site of the historic battle.
*1997 – Holyfield–Tyson II: Mike Tyson is disqualified in the third round for biting a piece off Evander Holyfield's ear.
*2001 – Slobodan Milošević is extradited to the ICTY in The Hague to stand trial.
*2004 – Iraq War: Sovereign power is handed to the interim government of Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority, ending the U.S.-led rule of that nation.
*2009 – Honduran president Manuel Zelaya is ousted by a local military coup following a failed request to hold a referendum to rewrite the Honduran Constitution. This was the start of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis.
*2016 – A terrorist attack in Turkey's Istanbul Atatürk Airport kills 42 people and injures more than 230 others.

Births

Pre-1600

* 751 – Carloman I, king of the Franks (d. 771)
* 1243 – Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan (d. 1304)
*1444 – Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus (d. 1487)
* 1476 – Pope Paul IV (d. 1559)
*1490 – Albert of Brandenburg, German archbishop (d. 1545)
*1491 – Henry VIII of England (d. 1547)
*1503 – Giovanni della Casa, Italian author and poet (d. 1556)
*1547 – Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian organist and composer (d. 1599)
*1557 – Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel, English nobleman (d. 1595)
*1560 – Giovanni Paolo Lascaris, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller (d. 1657)
*1573 – Henry Danvers, 1st Earl of Danby, English noble (d. 1644)
* 1577 – Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish painter and diplomat (d. 1640)
*1582 – William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele, English politician (d. 1662)

1601–1900

*1604 – Heinrich Albert, German composer and poet (d. 1651)
*1641 – Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien, consort to King John III Sobieski (d. 1716)
*1653 – Muhammad Azam Shah, Mughal emperor (d. 1707)
*1703 – John Wesley, English cleric and theologian (d. 1791)
*1712 – Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher and polymath (d. 1778)
*1719 – Étienne François, duc de Choiseul, French general and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1785)
*1734 – Jean-Jacques Beauvarlet-Charpentier, French organist and composer (d. 1794)
*1742 – William Hooper, American physician, lawyer, and politician (d. 1790)
*1824 – Paul Broca, French physician, anatomist, and anthropologist (d. 1880)
*1825 – Emil Erlenmeyer, German chemist (d. 1909)
* 1831 – Joseph Joachim, Austrian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1907)
*1836 – Emmanuel Rhoides, Greek journalist and author (d. 1904)
* 1844 – John Boyle O'Reilly, Irish-born poet, journalist and fiction writer (d. 1890)
*1852 – Charles Cruft, English showman, founded Crufts Dog Show (d. 1938)
*1867 – Luigi Pirandello, Italian dramatist, novelist, and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1936)
* 1873 – Alexis Carrel, French surgeon and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1944)
*1875 – Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician and academic (d. 1941)
*1879 – Wilhelm Steinkopf, German chemist (d. 1949)
*1880 – John Meyers, American swimmer and water polo player (d. 1971)
*1883 – Pierre Laval, French soldier and politician, 101st Prime Minister of France (d. 1945)
*1884 – Lamina Sankoh, Sierra Leonean banker and politician (d. 1964)
*1888 – George Challenor, Barbadian cricketer (d. 1947)
* 1888 – Stefi Geyer, Hungarian violinist and educator (d. 1956)
*1891 – Esther Forbes, American historian and author (d. 1968)
* 1891 – Carl Spaatz, American general (d. 1974)
*1892 – Carl Panzram, American serial killer (d. 1930)
*1893 – August Zamoyski, Polish-French sculptor (d. 1970)
*1894 – Jessie Baetz, Canadian-American artist, composer and pianist (d. 1974 or later)
* 1894 – Francis Hunter, American tennis player (d. 1981)

1901–present

*1902 – Richard Rodgers, American playwright and composer (d. 1979)
*1906 – Maria Goeppert Mayer, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)
*1907 – Jimmy Mundy, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1983)
* 1907 – Yvonne Sylvain, First female Haitian physician (d. 1989)
*1909 – Eric Ambler, English author and screenwriter (d. 1998)
*1912 – Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, German physicist and philosopher (d. 2007)
*1913 – Franz Antel, Austrian director and producer (d. 2007)
* 1913 – George Lloyd, English soldier and composer (d. 1998)
* 1913 – Walter Oesau, German colonel and pilot (d. 1944)
*1914 – Aribert Heim, Austrian SS physician and Nazi war criminal (d. 1992)
*1917 – A. E. Hotchner – William Whitelaw, 1st Viscount Whitelaw, Scottish-English politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1999)
*1919 – Joseph P. Lordi, American government official (d. 1983)
*1920 – Clarissa Eden, Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2021)
*1921 – P. V. Narasimha Rao, Indian lawyer and politician, 9th Prime Minister of India (d. 2004)
*1923 – Pete Candoli, American trumpet player (d. 2008)
* 1923 – Adolfo Schwelm Cruz, Argentinian racing driver (d. 2012)
* 1923 – Gaye Stewart, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2010)
*1924 – Kalevi Keihänen, Finnish entrepreneur (d. 1995)Nuorteva, Kristiina
Kalevi Keihänen's obituary
''Helsingin Sanomat'' 9 February 1995. Accessed on 13 February 2019.
*1926 – George Booth, American cartoonist (d. 2022)
* 1926 – Mel Brooks, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1926 – Robert Ledley, American academic and inventor (d. 2012)
*1927 – Correlli Barnett, English historian and author
* 1927 – Frank Sherwood Rowland, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
*1928 – Hans Blix, Swedish politician and diplomat, 33rd Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs
* 1928 – Patrick Hemingway, American writer
* 1928 – Harold Evans, English-American historian and journalist (d. 2020)
* 1928 – Peter Heine, South African cricketer (d. 2005)
* 1928 – Cyril Smith, English politician (d. 2010)
*1929 – Alfred Miodowicz, Polish politician (d.2021)
*1930 – William C. Campbell, Irish-American biologist and parasitologist, Nobel Prize laureate
* 1930 – Itamar Franco, Brazilian engineer and politician, 33rd President of Brazil (d. 2011)
* 1930 – Jack Gold, English director and producer (d. 2015)
*1931 – Hans Alfredson, Swedish actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2017)
* 1931 – Junior Johnson, American race car driver (d. 2019)
* 1931 – Lucien Victor, Belgian cyclist (d. 1995)
*1932 – Pat Morita, American actor (d. 2005)
*1933 – Gusty Spence

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