The 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an event in the annual cycle of

tropical cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depend ...

formation Formation may refer to: Linguistics * Back-formation, the process of creating a new lexeme by removing or affixes * Word formation, the creation of a new word by adding affixes Mathematics and science * Cave formation or speleothem, a secondar ...

. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, peaking between May to November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern

Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by th ...

. The season began on April 2, when a depression designated as ''BOB 01'' was formed in the north

Andaman Sea The Andaman Sea (historically also known as the Burma Sea) is a marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean bounded by the coastlines of Myanmar and Thailand along the Gulf of Martaban and west side of the Malay Peninsula, and separated from ...

and quickly made

landfall Landfall is the event of a storm moving over land after being over water. More broadly, and in relation to human travel, it refers to 'the first land that is reached or seen at the end of a journey across the sea or through the air, or the fact ...

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

. The basin remained quiet for over a month before

Cyclone Tauktae Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Tauktae () was a powerful, deadly and damaging tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea that became the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in the Indian state of Gujarat since the 1998 Gujarat cyclone and one ...

formed. It rapidly intensified into an extremely severe cyclonic storm before making landfall in

Gujarat Gujarat (, ) is a state along the western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the fifth-largest Indian state by area, covering some ; and the ninth ...

, become the strongest storm ever to strike that state since the

1998 Gujarat cyclone The 1998 Gujarat cyclone (Joint Typhoon Warning Center designation: 03A; India Meteorological Department designation: ARB 02) was a catastrophic tropical cyclone that killed at least 10,000 people in India, especially the state of Gujarat. Meteor ...

. Later that month, BOB 02 formed and later strengthened into

Cyclone Yaas Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Yaas () was a relatively strong and very damaging tropical cyclone that made landfall in Odisha and brought significant impacts to West Bengal during late May 2021. The second cyclonic storm, second severe cyclonic st ...

. Yaas rapidly intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm before making landfall in northwestern

Odisha Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. The state has the third largest population of ...

. The season's strongest tropical cyclone was

, with maximum wind speeds of and a minimum barometric pressure of . The scope of this article is limited to the Indian Ocean in the

Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...

, east of the

Horn of Africa The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), ...

and west of the

Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula (Malay: ''Semenanjung Tanah Melayu'') is a peninsula in Mainland Southeast Asia. The landmass runs approximately north–south, and at its terminus, it is the southernmost point of the Asian continental mainland. The area ...

. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean — the

Arabian Sea The Arabian Sea ( ar, اَلْبَحرْ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Bahr al-ˁArabī) is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan, Iran and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel ...

to the west of the

Indian subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a list of the physiographic regions of the world, physiographical region in United Nations geoscheme for Asia#Southern Asia, Southern Asia. It is situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian O ...

, abbreviated ''ARB'' by the

India Meteorological Department The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is an agency of the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India. It is the principal agency responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting and seismology. IMD is headquarter ...

(IMD); and the

Bay of Bengal The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Its southern limit is a line between ...

to the east, abbreviated ''BOB'' by the IMD. The official

Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre A Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) is responsible for the distribution of information, advisories, and warnings regarding the specific program they have a part of, agreed by consensus at the World Meteorological Organization as p ...

in this basin is the

(IMD), while the

Joint Typhoon Warning Center The Joint typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...

releases unofficial advisories. On average, four to six cyclonic storms form in this basin every season. __TOC__

Season summary

ImageSize = width:800 height:210 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:50 left:20 Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/04/2021 till:31/12/2021 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/04/2021 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:TD value:rgb(0.5,0.8,1) legend:Depression_(31–50_km/h) id:DD value:rgb(0.37,0.73,1) legend:Deep_Depression_(51–62_km/h) id:TS value:rgb(0,0.98,0.96) legend:Cyclonic_Storm_(63–88_km/h) id:ST value:rgb(0.8,1,1) legend:Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(89–117_km/h) id:VS value:rgb(1,1,0.8) legend:Very_Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(118–165_km/h) id:ES value:rgb(1,0.76,0.25) legend:Extremely_Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(166–220_km/h) id:SU value:rgb(1,0.38,0.38) legend:Super_Cyclonic_Storm_(≥221_km/h) Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:Month PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:02/04/2021 till:03/04/2021 color:TD text:"BOB 01 (D)" from:14/05/2021 till:19/05/2021 color:ES text:" Tauktae (ESCS)" from:23/05/2021 till:28/05/2021 color:VS text:" Yaas (VSCS)" from:12/09/2021 till:15/09/2021 color:DD text:"BOB 03 (DD)" from:24/09/2021 till:28/09/2021 color:TS text:" Gulab (CS)" from:30/09/2021 till:04/10/2021 color:ST text:" Shaheen (SCS)" from:07/11/2021 till:09/11/2021 color:TD text:"ARB 03 (D)" from:10/11/2021 till:12/11/2021 color:TD text:" BOB 05 (D)" barset:break from:18/11/2021 till:19/11/2021 color:TD text:"BOB 06 (D)" from:02/12/2021 till:06/12/2021 color:TS text:" Jawad (CS)" bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/04/2021 till:30/04/2021 text:April from:01/05/2021 till:31/05/2021 text:May from:01/06/2021 till:30/06/2021 text:June from:01/07/2021 till:31/07/2021 text:July from:01/08/2021 till:31/08/2021 text:August from:01/09/2021 till:30/09/2021 text:September from:01/10/2021 till:31/10/2021 text:October from:01/11/2021 till:30/11/2021 text:November from:01/12/2021 till:31/12/2021 text:December

No systems formed in the basin until April 2, when a depression near the

coast in the North

formed, however it dissipated the next day. It was considered rare since the storm formation usually begins from mid-April to May. After a month of inactivity, another depression formed off the coasts of

Kerala Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South ...

and

Lakshadweep Lakshadweep (), also known as Laccadives (), is a union territory of India. It is an archipelago of 36 islands in the Arabian sea, located off the Malabar Coast. The name ''Lakshadweep'' means "one lakh islands" in Sanskrit, though the Lac ...

. It intensified into a deep depression on the same day and later into a cyclonic storm, being assigned the name ''Tauktae'' by the IMD. It continued intensifying, and on May 17, Tauktae peaked as an extremely severe cyclonic storm before making landfall in

hours later, dissipating on May 19. A few days after Tauktae dissipated, a depression formed in the

on May 23. It intensified gradually to a cyclonic storm and assigned the name ''Yaas''. It further intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm on May 25 and made landfall in the state of

by the next day, becoming the second cyclone to hit the nation within a span of ten days. After a long gap of three and a half months, a depression formed in the

on September 12, becoming the first system in the monsoon season. Not a week later, another depression formed over the east-central Bay of Bengal, making the second system in the post-monsoon season. It later intensified into a deep depression and on 25 September 2021, it intensified into cyclonic storm which was named '' Gulab'', marking the first named storm in the post-monsoon season. Then, after only two days, the remnants of Cyclonic Storm Gulab entered the Arabian sea and regenerated into a Depression and became ''ARB 02''. ARB 02 intensified into a cyclonic storm and was named '' Shaheen'' by the IMD. After an unusual month of inactivity, Depression ARB 03 formed in early November and remained out to sea. A couple of days later, Depression BOB 05 formed in the Bay of Bengal but failed to further intensify due to high wind shear. BOB 05 impacted portions of southern India with flooding, and some areas experienced cyclonic storm sustained winds. A few days later, Depression BOB 06 formed which gave additional rainfall and damages to the same places in southern India which were affected by BOB 05 earlier with the worst damages being in

Rayalaseema Rayalaseema () is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises eight south western districts of the State namely, Kurnool, Nandyal, Anantapur, Sri Sathya Sai, YSR, Annamayya, Tirupati and Chittoor districts ...

region of

Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...

. In the month of December, a low pressure area entered into the Andaman Sea from the West Pacific Ocean and it intensified gradually into a cyclonic storm named as ''

Jawad Jawad is a Tehsil and a Nagar Panchayat in Neemuch district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. There are six towns and 105 villages in Jawad. Demographics As of the 2011 Census of India The 2011 Census of India or the 15th India ...

''. Initially expected to make landfall over

but due to extremely high wind shear, it weakened rapidly into a low pressure area without making a landfall.

Systems

Depression BOB 01

tropical wave A tropical wave (also called easterly wave, tropical easterly wave, and African easterly wave), in and around the Atlantic Ocean, is a type of atmospheric trough, an elongated area of relatively low air pressure, oriented north to south, which ...

developed stretching between the

and the equatorial Indian Ocean. From this wave a cyclonic circulation formed on March 26 over the southeast Bay of Bengal. The strong pulse of the

Madden–Julian oscillation The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the largest element of the intraseasonal (30- to 90-day) variability in the tropical atmosphere. It was discovered in 1971 by Roland Madden and Paul Julian of the American National Center for Atmospheric R ...

, high

Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential (TCHP) is one of such non-conventional oceanographic parameters influencing the tropical cyclone intensity. The relationship between Sea Surface Temperature Sea surface temperature (SST), or ocean surface tempera ...

, moderate sea surface temperatures up to , and moderate

wind shear Wind shear (or windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical or horizontal ...

, caused the system intensify into a

low-pressure area In meteorology, a low-pressure area, low area or low is a region where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that of surrounding locations. Low-pressure areas are commonly associated with inclement weather (such as cloudy, windy, with possible ...

on March 31. An anticyclonic circulation in southeast

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

and an upper tropospheric ridge in the

westerlies The westerlies, anti-trades, or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. They originate from the high-pressure areas in the horse latitudes and trend to ...

caused the system to move north-northeastwards. These conditions influenced the system and its intensification as it became a well-marked low-pressure area on April 1 at 09:00 UTC (14:30 IST), and later becoming a depression on April 2 at 00:00 UTC (05:30 IST). Satellite imagery revealed that during its intensification, the clouds of the system organised and developed a

low-level circulation center The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of tropical cyclones. The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically in diameter. It is surrounded by the ''eyewall'', a ring of towering thunderstorms where the most severe weat ...

with intense to very intense

convection Convection is single or multiphase fluid flow that occurs spontaneously due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces on a fluid, most commonly density and gravity (see buoyancy). When the cause of the convec ...

at its

center Center or centre may refer to: Mathematics *Center (geometry), the middle of an object * Center (algebra), used in various contexts ** Center (group theory) ** Center (ring theory) * Graph center, the set of all vertices of minimum eccentricity ...

. It continued to maintain its intensity, however, at 00:00 UTC (05:30 IST) on April 3, vertical wind shear increased, causing the system to weaken slightly and the system's clouds to become disorganised, however, a scatterometer pass revealed that it still maintained its intensity. On April 3, at 03:00 UTC (08:30 IST), the clouds further became disorganised, while maintaining its low-level circulation. The system continued to weaken under similar unfavourable conditions with further disorganising of clouds, and at 06:00 UTC (11:30 IST), the system was downgraded to a well-marked low-pressure area, with the system barely having a circulation. The influence of the system caused light to moderate rainfall in most places of

Andaman Islands The Andaman Islands () are an archipelago in the northeastern Indian Ocean about southwest off the coasts of Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Region. Together with the Nicobar Islands to their south, the Andamans serve as a maritime boundary between th ...

and heavy rainfall in few places. The system's

remnant low A post-tropical cyclone is a former tropical cyclone that no longer possesses enough tropical qualities to be considered a tropical cyclone. The word may refer to a former tropical cyclone undergoing extratropical transition or a tropical cyclone ...

caused isolated rainfall over the Myanmar coast. Estimated winds of up to gusting up to were recorded on the island. The first tropical depression of the basin, it was also a rare disturbance since it formed in early April while the most

cyclogenesis Cyclogenesis is the development or strengthening of cyclonic circulation in the atmosphere (a low-pressure area). Cyclogenesis is an umbrella term for at least three different processes, all of which result in the development of some sort of cyc ...

occurs during mid-April or throughout May.

Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Tauktae

On May 14, a depression formed in the

off the coast of

. The JTWC began monitoring the depression, and designated it as ''Tropical Cyclone 01A''. The system gradually intensified, before intensifying into a Deep Depression by 12:00 UTC (17:30

IST Ist or IST may refer to: Information Science and Technology * Bachelor's or Master's degree in Information Science and Technology * Graduate School / Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Japan * Graduate School ...

) that day. Around 18:00 UTC (23:30 IST) that day, the system intensified into a Cyclonic Storm, and it was given the name ''Tauktae'' by the IMD. The name ''Tauktae'' was contributed to the naming list by

, and it means

gecko Geckos are small, mostly carnivorous lizards that have a wide distribution, found on every continent except Antarctica. Belonging to the infraorder Gekkota, geckos are found in warm climates throughout the world. They range from . Geckos ar ...

in the

Burmese language Burmese ( my, မြန်မာဘာသာ, MLCTS: ''mranmabhasa'', IPA: ) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Myanmar (also known as Burma), where it is an official language, lingua franca, and the native language of the Burmans, the count ...

. It later intensified into a Severe Cyclonic Storm at 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST) in May 15. ''Tauktae's'' intensification was unusual as it intensified from a depression to a severe cyclonic storm over a period of just two days, with equivalent storms generally taking four to five days to intensify into a severe cyclonic storm. Three hours later, the JTWC upgraded Tauktae to a Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone on the

Saffir–Simpson scale The Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS) classifies hurricanes—which in the Western Hemisphere are tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical storms—into five categories distinguished by ...

. Tauktae further intensified into a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm at 00:00 UTC (05:30 IST) May 16. At 06:00 UTC (11:30 IST) that day, the JTWC upgraded the storm further to a Category 2 tropical cyclone.

INSAT The Indian National Satellite System or INSAT, is a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites launched by ISRO to satisfy the telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue operations. Commissioned in 1983, INSAT is ...

imagery showed that the cyclone had developed an eye by 09:00 UTC (14:30 IST). However, the eye had started to degrade by 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST), according to INSAT imagery, and remained ragged for the rest of the storm's lifetime. At 03:00 UTC on May 17, Tauktae intensified into an Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm on 03:00 UTC (08:30 IST) of May 17, which was unexpected since many forecaster predicted that it would be a very severe cyclonic storm. The JTWC upgraded Tauktae to a Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone soon afterward. However, Tauktae quickly weakened into a Category 3-equivalent tropical cyclone later that day. The cyclone made

in the region of Saurashtra between Diu and

Una Una and UNA may refer to: Places * 160 Una, the asteroid "Una", an asteroid named after the Faerie Queene character * Una River (disambiguation), numerous rivers * Una, Himachal Pradesh, a town in India ** Una, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constit ...

at around 15:30 UTC (21:00 IST). After landfall, Tauktae weakened to a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm. Wind speeds of approximately were recorded at the district of Diu in the union territory of

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is a union territory in India. The territory was constituted through the merger of the former territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Plans for the proposed merger were announced by the ...

. It became one of strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in the Indian state of

since the

. Meanwhile, the JTWC issued their last tropical cyclone warning on the storm at 21:00 UTC (02:30 IST) on May 17. The weakening trend although slower than usual due to the

brown ocean effect The brown ocean effect is an observed weather phenomenon involving some tropical cyclones after landfall. Normally, hurricanes and tropical storms lose strength when they make landfall, but when the brown ocean effect is in play, tropical cyclon ...

mostly because of the influence of a western disturbance, which continued as it moved further inland until 14:00 UTC (19:30 IST) on May 19, when it was downgraded to a well-marked low pressure area over Eastern

Rajasthan Rajasthan (; lit. 'Land of Kings') is a state in northern India. It covers or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographical area. It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population. It is on India's northwestern si ...

and adjoining west

Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (, ; meaning 'central province') is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Ujjain, Gwalior, Sagar, and Rewa being the other major cities. Madhya Pradesh is the seco ...

, later dissipating. The combination of a

western disturbance A western disturbance is an extratropical storm originating in the Mediterranean region that brings sudden winter rain to the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent, which extends as east as up to northern parts of Bangladesh and South easte ...

and the remnants of Cyclone Tauktae have also caused heavy rainfall in

Northwestern India North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India. The dominant geographical features of North India are the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas, which demarcate the region from the Tibetan Plateau and Central ...

. A total of 174 people were confirmed to have been killed by the storm, and 81 others are still missing. Estimated losses from Tauktae are ₹15,000 crore (US$2.1 billion). Heavy rainfall was reported over areas of Kerala, causing flash floods and waterlogging soil; fishing was temporarily banned in the area due to rough seas. Parts of Kerala and

were placed under a red alert on May 14. The second state experienced heavy rainfall as the cyclone tracked west of the Indian coast. In Chellanan, a village in

Ernakulam district Ernakulam, ; ISO: ''Eṟaṇākuḷaṁ'', in Malayalam: എറണാകുളം), is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala, that takes its name from the eponymous city division in Kochi. It is situated in the central part o ...

, homes were submerged underwater due to unexpected rain and coastal erosion. The administration opened up a relief camp at the local St. Mary's School for the inhabitants of low-lying areas. Due to the ongoing second wave of the

COVID-19 pandemic in India The COVID-19 pandemic in India is a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). As of , according to Indian government figures, India has the second-highest n ...

, isolated testing facilities were arranged. The most severe effects of Cyclone Tauktae occurred in the states of

Maharashtra Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH or Maha) is a states and union territories of India, state in the western India, western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Maharashtra is the List of states and union te ...

and Saurashtra in

. The city of

Mumbai Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second- ...

experienced heavy rainfall, very strong trees and waves crashed the shores. Trees were uprooted and streets were waterlogged. It was the strongest cyclone since

Cyclone Nisarga Severe Cyclonic Storm Nisarga was the strongest tropical cyclone to strike the Indian state of Maharashtra in the month of June since 1891. It was also the first cyclone to impact Raigad & Mumbai since Phyan of 2009. The third depression and s ...

in 2020. As a precaution, flight operations at

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport is an international airport serving Mumbai and the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR). It is the second busiest airport in the country in terms of total and international passenger traffic af ...

were temporarily halted before resuming hours later. The cyclone also affected neighbouring countries like

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

Maldives Maldives (, ; dv, ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ, translit=Dhivehi Raajje, ), officially the Republic of Maldives ( dv, ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ, translit=Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa, label=none, ), is an archipelag ...

and

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

. In the

Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...

province of Pakistan, four people died due to a roof collapse caused by strong winds.

Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Yaas

On May 22, a low-pressure area formed in the

. On the next day, at 09:30 UTC (15:00

), the disturbance organised into a Depression, and was assigned the designation ''BOB 02'' by the IMD. Later that day, the JTWC issued a

Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) is a bulletin released by the U.S. Navy-operated Joint Typhoon Warning Center in Honolulu, Hawaii or the Fleet Weather Center in Norfolk, Virginia, warning of the possibility of a tropical cyclone forming ...

for the system. The storm subsequently intensified into a Deep Depression at 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST) on May 23. Several hours later, the storm further intensified into a Cyclonic Storm at 03:00 UTC (08:30 IST) on May 24, and was given the name ''Yaas'' by the IMD. The name ''Yaas'' was provided by

Oman Oman ( ; ar, عُمَان ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman ( ar, سلْطنةُ عُمان ), is an Arabian country located in southwestern Asia. It is situated on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and spans the mouth of t ...

, and it means "a Jasmin-like tree", which has good fragrance in

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

. In

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...

, the name ''Yaas'' is known as despair or desperation. Meanwhile, JTWC designated as ''Tropical Cyclone 02B''. On May 24, at 18:00 UTC (23:30 IST) it

rapidly intensified In meteorology, rapid intensification is a situation where a tropical cyclone intensifies dramatically in a short period of time. The United States National Hurricane Center defines rapid intensification as an increase in the maximum sustained wi ...

into a severe cyclonic storm, then becoming a very severe cyclonic storm on 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST) of May 25 despite being present in moderate to high easterly wind shear. Meanwhile, JTWC upgraded it into a Category 1 tropical cyclone on 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST) of the same day. The cyclone made landfall north of

Dhamra Port The Dhamra Port is a port in Bhadrak district, Odisha, India, on the shore of the Bay of Bengal about seven kilometres from the old port of Dhamra. The agreement to develop the port was signed in April 1998. The Dhamra Port Company Limited (DP ...

and south of Bahanaga at around 03:30 UTC (09:00 IST) in May 26. The process completed at around 05:30 UTC (11:00 IST ), with estimated winds up to .

Storm surge A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge, or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones. It is measured as the rise in water level above the n ...

caused most of the damage in south Bengal and northwestern Odisha. After landfall it started to weaken rapidly into a severe cyclonic storm then into a cyclonic storm. As it moved further inland towards

Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...

, IMD discontinuing advisories for Cyclone Yaas, as it became a well marked low pressure on 00:00 UTC (05:00 IST) of May 28. JTWC later issued their last warning at 09:00 UTC (11:30 IST) in May 26, stating that it rapidly weakened into a tropical storm after landfall. The remnant of Cyclone Yaas continued moving north-northwestwards and impacted

Bihar Bihar (; ) is a state in eastern India. It is the 2nd largest state by population in 2019, 12th largest by area of , and 14th largest by GDP in 2021. Bihar borders Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Be ...

Jharkhand Jharkhand (; ; ) is a state in eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. It has an area of . It ...

and eastern

Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh (; , 'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populated state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was established in 1950 ...

. Heavy rainfall and gusty winds were reported in these areas. The cyclone also helped the

monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscil ...

to strengthen over the Bay of Bengal, after Tauktae disrupted it on May 15. Eleven people had been reported dead due to Cyclone Yaas. Of them, two died in a tornado outbreak which struck

West Bengal West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fourt ...

Hooghly District Hooghly district () is one of the districts of the Indian state of West Bengal. It can alternatively be spelt ''Hoogli'' or ''Hugli''. The district is named after the Hooghly River. The headquarters of the district are at Hooghly-Chinsura (''C ...

and North 24 Paraganas, according to Chief Minister

Mamata Banerjee Mamata Banerjee (; born 5 January 1955) is an Indian politician who is serving as the eighth and current List of chief ministers of West Bengal, chief minister of the States and union territories of India, Indian state of West Bengal since 20 ...

. At least 80 homes had been damaged. Another died as a tree fell onto him, and a teen was found dead in a river. Two farmers had also died after being struck by

lightning Lightning is a naturally occurring electrostatic discharge during which two electric charge, electrically charged regions, both in the atmosphere or with one on the land, ground, temporarily neutralize themselves, causing the instantaneous ...

, and an elderly woman was trapped in a collapsed house, eventually dying there. Two individuals were killed as they were crushed by uprooted trees while in

, two more people were found dead in a collapsed house on May 27. estimated the total damages in West Bengal from the system to be at ₹20 thousand

crore A crore (; abbreviated cr) denotes ten million (10,000,000 or 107 in scientific notation) and is equal to 100 lakh in the Indian numbering system. It is written as 1,00,00,000 with the local 2,2,3 style of digit group separators (one lakh is e ...

(US$2.76 billion). The most affected states are West Bengal and Odisha. At least 10 million people were affected and 300,000 houses were damaged. Most them were caused by storm surge, high astronomical tides and broken embankments. The West Bengal Government verified that 134 embankments has been damaged. At least two million people were evacuated in the states of West Bengal, Odisha and Jharkhand. Towns of Frazerganj,

Bakkhali Bakkhali is a village within the jurisdiction of the Namkhana police station in the Namkhana CD block in the Kakdwip subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History Sir Andrew Fraser, Lieutenant Go ...

Sundarban Sundarbans (pronounced ) is a mangrove area in the delta formed by the confluence of the Padma, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans the area from the Baleswar River in Bangladesh's division of Khulna to the Hooghly Ri ...

Kakdwip Kakdwip () is a town of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated on the eastern banks of the Hooghly River. It is the headquarters of the Kakdwip subdivision. History When the Tebhaga movement broke out ...

Namkhana Namkhana is a village and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Namkhana police station in the Namkhana CD block in the Kakdwip subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History When the Tebhag ...

, Ganga Sagar and

Gosaba Gosaba is a village and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Gosaba police station in the Gosaba CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History Sir Daniel Mack ...

were flooded by seawater. As a precautionary measure, airports of

Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar (; ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Odisha. The region, especially the old town, was historically often depicted as ''Ekamra Kshetra'' (area (''kshetra'') adorned with mango trees (''ekamra'')). Bhubaneswar is ...

Jharsuguda Jharsuguda is a city and district headquarters of Jharsuguda district of Odisha, India. It is an industrial hub, consisting mainly of metallurgical industries. It is well connected to major cities of India through the rail network, and a rece ...

Kolkata Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, comme ...

Rourkela Rourkela is a planned city located in the northern district Sundargarh of Odisha, India. It is the third-largest Urban Agglomeration in Odisha after Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. It is situated about west of state capital Bhubaneswar and is surro ...

and

Durgapur Durgapur () is a planned tier-II urban agglomeration and a major industrial city in Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the fourth largest urban agglomeration after Kolkata, Asansol and Siliguri in West Bengal ...

were closed temporarily until May 27. Cyclone Yaas generated high waves and storm surge which crashed the coastal beaches of

Digha Digha is a seaside resort town in the state of West Bengal, India. It lies in Purba Medinipur district and at the northern end of the Bay of Bengal. It has a low gradient with a shallow sand beach. It is a popular sea resort in West Bengal. Hi ...

and Mandarmoni. The concrete embankments broke and seawater flooded the entire Digha—Mandarmoni Belt. Because of big wind field of Cyclone Yaas,

experienced powerful gusty winds, Alipore Meteorological Department recorded winds. Minimal damage was reported, however high tides caused the

Hooghly River The Bhagirathi Hooghly River (Anglicized alternatively spelled ''Hoogli'' or ''Hugli'') or the 'Bhāgirathi-Hooghly', called the Ganga or the Kati-Ganga in mythological texts, is the eastern distributary of the Ganges River in West Bengal, Indi ...

to flood neighboring banks like

Kalighat Kalighat is a locality of Kolkata, in Kolkata district, West Bengal, India. One of the oldest neighbourhoods in South Kolkata, Kalighat is also densely populated — with a history of cultural intermingling with the various foreign incursions i ...

Howrah Howrah (, , alternatively spelled as Haora) is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal. Howrah is located on the western bank of the Hooghly River opposite its twin city of Kolkata. Administratively it lies within Howrah district, and is th ...

and Chelta. The cyclone also affected

and

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...

. The remnants of Cyclone Yaas made landfall in Nepal and triggered heavy rainfall. Meanwhile, Bangladesh experienced high tide and storm surge which flooded many villages.

Deep Depression BOB 03

On September 11 at 00:00 UTC (05:30 IST), under an influence of a cyclonic disturbance, an area of low pressure had formed over the east central and the adjoining northeastern Bay of Bengal, which later intensified into a well marked low pressure area, a day later. At 12:00 UTC (17:30 IST) the same day, it further concentrated into a depression as it approached the coast of Odisha. Conditions like low to moderate vertical wind shear, warm sea-surface temperature and strong pulse of Madden Julian Oscillation helped the system's intensification to a depression. Due to the prevailing monsoonal trade winds, the system moved west-northwestwards for the rest of its lifetime. As the system was about to make landfall near Chandbali, Odisha, it further concentrated deep depression at 00:00 UTC (05:30 IST). At the same moment it crossed near Chandbali between 00:00 UTC and 01:00 UTC (05:30 IST and 06:30 IST) as a deep depression. After crossing, it weakened into a depression over the border of

Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh (, ) is a landlocked state in Central India. It is the ninth largest state by area, and with a population of roughly 30 million, the seventeenth most populous. It borders seven states – Uttar Pradesh to the north, Madhya Prade ...

and Odisha, at 03:00 UTC (08:30 IST) the next day, but it managed to maintain its intensity for the rest of its lifetime, because of the prevailing monsoonal conditions. This unusual phenomenon is called the

. It continued to move on its trajectory, until at 00:00 UTC of September 15, it further weakened into a well-marked low pressure area over northeastern

and its neighbourhood. The JTWC didn't tracked the system, but they did monitored as an

invest Investment is the dedication of money to purchase of an asset to attain an increase in value over a period of time. Investment requires a sacrifice of some present asset, such as time, money, or effort. In finance, the purpose of investing is ...

. The system caused vigorous monsoonal conditions over eastern India, mainly Odisha and West Bengal and

central India Central India is a loosely defined geographical region of India. There is no clear official definition and various ones may be used. One common definition consists of the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, which are included in alm ...

. It led to extremely heavy rainfall over few places of Odisha, isolated places of Chhattisgarh between September 12 and 13 and over eastern Madhya Pradesh on September 14. As the system moved westwards, it interacted with another low pressure system off the coast of Gujarat caused extremely heavy rainfall over Saurashtra region of Gujarat and the Konkan division of Maharashtra on September 13. The outer bands of the system also caused extremely heavy rainfall in isolated places of West Bengal on September 14. Three fatalities have been reported, all from Odisha and 1.953 million people had been affected. Some cities recorded exceptionally heavy rainfall like

Puri Puri () is a coastal city and a Nagar Palika, municipality in the state of Odisha in eastern India. It is the district headquarters of Puri district and is situated on the Bay of Bengal, south of the state capital of Bhubaneswar. It is als ...

recorded of rain, breaking the 88-year-old record which was made in 1934 and

which recorded of rain, breaking the 63-year-old record which was made in 1958. A goods train which ran on the

Angul Angul (also known as Anugul) is a town and a municipality and the headquarters of Angul district in the state of Odisha, India. Angul has an average elevation of above sea level. The total geographical area of the district is 6232 km2. ...

Talcher Road rail route derailed at around 02:30 IST (20:00 UTC) and fell over a river. No one was injured. The

Kolkata airport Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport is an international airport located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, serving the Kolkata Metropolitan Area and is the aviation hub for eastern and northeastern India. It is located approximatel ...

was inundated in floodwaters causing disruptions in flight's timings however no flights were cancelled.

Cyclonic Storm Gulab

On September 24, the JTWC noted a cyclone which was producing tropical storm-force winds located over the east-central Bay of Bengal, south of

Chittagong, Bangladesh Chittagong ( /ˈtʃɪt əˌɡɒŋ/ ''chit-uh-gong''; ctg, চিটাং; bn, চিটাগং), officially Chattogram ( bn, চট্টগ্রাম), is the second-largest city in Bangladesh after Dhaka and third largest city in B ...

, designating the system as ''03B''. The IMD noted the system as a low pressure area at 03:00 UTC (08:30 IST); the system formed from a cyclonic circulation which persisted over the

Gulf of Martaban A gulf is a large inlet from the ocean into the landmass, typically with a narrower opening than a bay, but that is not observable in all geographic areas so named. The term gulf was traditionally used for large highly-indented navigable bodie ...

. It was later upgraded to a well-marked low-pressure area at 11:00 UTC (16:30 IST), as it developed a cyclonic vortex at 06:00 UTC (11:30 IST). At 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST), the IMD upgraded it to a Depression, as the convection had further organized and the clouds were moving in a curved manner. Favorable conditions such as moderate to high sea-surface temperatures, the Madden–Julian oscillation being favorable for tropical cyclone development, and low vertical wind shear allowed intensification. By 03:00 UTC the next day, the system was upgraded to a Deep Depression, as the cloud further organized near the center. There were also the presence of warm moist air over the center of the system. At 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST), the IMD upgraded it to a cyclonic storm as its convection had become better organized with a defined

central dense overcast The central dense overcast, or CDO, of a tropical cyclone or strong subtropical cyclone is the large central area of thunderstorms surrounding its circulation center, caused by the formation of its eyewall. It can be round, angular, oval, or irr ...

. The system was named Gulab, which was suggested by Pakistan. The name means

rose A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be ...

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''

Hindi Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been de ...

. As it continued westward, the cloud bands of Cyclone Gulab had touched the coastal regions of northern

and southern Odisha, which indicated that it had started its

process at about 18:00 IST (12:30 UTC) on September 26. By 17:00 UTC (10:30 IST), it had crossed north of

Kalingapatnam Kalingapatnam is a village in Srikakulam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Gara mandal of Srikakulam revenue division. It has one of the major beach sand deposits of the state. In medieval era it was famous for th ...

. At 21:00 UTC (02:30 IST), the JTWC had issued its final warning prior to landfall. Three hours later, the IMD downgraded it to a deep depression, as it had lost its energy after travelling over rough Indian terrain. It further weakened into a depression by 20:00 IST (14:30 UTC) as it entered the state of

Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...

. It maintained its intensity as it travelled westwards until at 14:00 IST (08:30 UTC), when it weakened into a well-marked low pressure area over west

Vidarbha Vidarbha (Pronunciation: Help:IPA/Marathi, �id̪əɾbʱə is a geographical region in the east of the Indian state of Maharashtra and a Proposed states and union territories of India#Maharashtra, proposed state of central India, comprising th ...

. The remnant of Gulab later became Cyclone Shaheen over the Arabian Sea. Gulab caused severe floods and landslide in several states in southern and central India killing 17 people and caused ₹20 billion (

US$ The United States dollar (symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official ...

269 million) in damage. In Andhra Pradesh, heavy damage were caused by Gulab over

Srikakulam Srikakulam is a city and the headquarters of Srikakulam district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. census,. it has a population of 165,735. There are many other places of Buddhist Tourism such as Salihundam, Kalinga Patnam, Dabbaka Vaa ...

and

Vizianagaram Vizianagaram is a city and the headquarters of Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is central Eastern Ghats, about west of the Bay of Bengal and north-northeast of Visakhapatnam. The city has a population of 228,02 ...

districts. Communications and electricity were disrupted and uprooted trees caused congestion in roads. The city of

was inundated with waterlogging because of improper underground drainage system and hundreds of trees and

billboard A billboard (also called a hoarding in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Billboards present large advertise ...

s were fallen in different places. In

Vizag , image_alt = , image_caption = From top, left to right: Visakhapatnam aerial view, Vizag seaport, Simhachalam Temple, Aerial view of Rushikonda Beach, Beach road, Novotel Visakhapatnam, INS Kursura submarine museum, ...

, heavy rainfall caused regional floods and gusty winds which caused uprooting of several trees. The heavy rainfall also caused the inundation of the

airport An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface ...

. The city recorded in 24 hours making the wettest September only behind the year 2005. Two people died because of drowning. As Gulab weakened into a deep depression, it entered

and Chhattisgarh dumping enormous amounts of heavy rainfall. In Telangana especially

Hyderabad Hyderabad ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the ''de jure'' capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River (India), Musi River, in the northern part ...

flash flooding A flash flood is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes and depressions. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, or tropical storm, or by meltwater from ice or snow flowing o ...

caused disruption in traffic and severe hardships to the residents. Two people were washed away by an overflowed

stream A stream is a continuous body of water, body of surface water Current (stream), flowing within the stream bed, bed and bank (geography), banks of a channel (geography), channel. Depending on its location or certain characteristics, a stream ...

. Because of the above situation, the government of Telangana declared a holiday for all government offices, schools, and institutions. The heavy rainfall caused the

Musi river Musi may refer to: * Musi River (Indonesia) * Musi River (India), Telangana * Moosy River, Andhra Pradesh, India * Musi language, a Malay language spoken in Indonesia * Angelo Musi (1918–2009), American basketball player * Agostino de' Musi, real ...

to overflow. Heavy rainfall were also seen in Chhattisgarh. The remnant of Cyclone Gulab, caused devastating rainfall and landslides in Maharashtra. According to the State Disaster Response Force, thirteen people and 206 livestock were killed by the flooding from eight districts of the state. Four people went missing after a Maharashtra state transport bus was swept away by an overflowing stream near Umarkhed, Maharashtra, however two of the six travellers were rescued successfully.

Severe Cyclonic Storm Shaheen

On September 29, the remnant of Cyclone Gulab entered north-eastern Arabian Sea as a well-marked low pressure area. On the same day at 17:30 UTC (23:00 IST), the JTWC issued a TCFA, as it developed a well-defined convection and a low-level circulation center. At 00:00 UTC (05:30 IST) next day, the IMD upgraded it to a depression over the

Gulf of Kutch The Gulf of Kutch is located between the peninsula regions of Kutch and Saurashtra, bounded in the state of Gujarat that borders Pakistan. It opens towards the Arabian Sea facing the Osman Gulf. It is about 50 km wide at the entrance bef ...

and it was designated as ''ARB 02''. Latest INSAT 3D satellite imagery showed that the convection had increased near its center. At 21:00 UTC (02:30 IST), the JTWC upgraded it as a tropical storm, however they had designated it ''03B'', as the agency claims Shaheen to be a continuation of Cyclone Gulab. At the same moment, the IMD upgraded it to a deep depression. Six hours later, the system was further upgraded to a cyclonic storm, as the spiral bands were seen wrapping over the obscure low-level circulation center. The system was named ''Shaheen'', which was offered by

Qatar Qatar (, ; ar, قطر, Qaṭar ; local vernacular pronunciation: ), officially the State of Qatar,) is a country in Western Asia. It occupies the Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it sh ...

. The name Shaheen means royal white falcon or

hawk Hawks are bird of prey, birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. They are widely distributed and are found on all continents except Antarctica. * The subfamily Accipitrinae includes goshawks, sparrowhawks, sharp-shinned hawks and others. Th ...

. At 15:00 UTC (20:30 IST), the IMD further upgraded it to a severe cyclonic storm, as the clouds had become well-organized moving with a defined curved pattern. At 03:00 UTC (08:30 IST) the next day, the JTWC upgraded it to a Category 1 equivalent tropical cyclone, as it developed an eye-like feature. However, it struggled for further development, due to lack of convection. By 06:00 UTC (11:30 IST), the cyclone developed a defined but ragged eye. At 09:00 UTC (14:30 IST), the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical storm, but six hours later, the JTWC re-upgraded it to a Category 1 tropical cyclone. Between 19:00 UTC and 20:00 UTC (00:30 IST and 01:30 IST), Shaheen made landfall over the northern Oman coast, making it one of the rare cyclones to strike this region since 1890. At 21:00 UTC (02:30 IST), the JTWC issued its final warning for the storm as it made landfall. After making landfall, Shaheen underwent a rapid weakening because of the dry landmass of the Arabian Desert. From 00:00 UTC till 12:00 UTC, it rapidly weakened from a severe cyclonic storm to a well-marked low pressure area. Satellite imagery showed that after making landfall, the cloud mass had quickly become disorganized and the center became less defined. Cyclone Shaheen caused devastating effects mainly in Oman and Iran, killing 14 people and caused an estimated

100 million in damages mainly in Oman. The precursor of Cyclone Shaheen caused heavy to very heavy rainfall in parts of Gujarat. As the cyclone strengthened, it moved along the

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

ian coast generating dust storms which affected the province of Sistan and Baluchestan. Due to the dust storm caused by the cyclone, many people went to hospital as they suffered of eye and respiratory problems. Two fisherman was found dead out of the five fishermen that went missing. In

, the cyclone caused widespread heavy rainfall that the country had never seen. Because of the dry landmass, it couldn't absorb water quickly, causing deadly flash flooding. Most of the damage happened in the region of Batineh, which experienced wind up to and waves up to . It killed 12 people in Oman alone. In

United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE; ar, اَلْإِمَارَات الْعَرَبِيَة الْمُتَحِدَة ), or simply the Emirates ( ar, الِْإمَارَات ), is a country in Western Asia (The Middle East). It is located at th ...

, the country experienced light rainfall in parts of

Dubai Dubai (, ; ar, دبي, translit=Dubayy, , ) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, the most populated of the 7 emirates of the United Arab Emirates.The Government and Politics of ...

Al Ain Al Ain ( ar, ٱلْعَيْن, , ) is a city in the western side of Tawam (region), Tuwwam region and the seat of the administrative division of its namesake, Al-Ain Region, Abu Dhabi, Al Ain in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ...

and

Ajman Ajman ( ar, عجمان, '; Gulf Arabic: عيمان ʿymān) is the capital of the emirate of Ajman in the United Arab Emirates. It is the fifth-largest city in UAE after Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah and Al Ain. Located along the Persian Gulf, it is ...

. Dust storms were also reported which reduced visibility. The remnant of Cyclone Shaheen caused heavy rainfall in Yemen and damaging historical sites. Reports of around 20 vehicles had been washed away by flash flooding.

Depression ARB 03

On November 3, a low pressure area entered into the Arabian Sea, which formed over south-central Bay of Bengal on October 27. The low pressure area later organized into a well-marked low pressure area on November 6, as the system gradually moved northwards. On the next day, conditions became more favourable for further intensification, like further intensification of the MJO index, warm sea-surface temperature and moderate wind shear. Thus the system further intensified into a depression at 06:00 UTC (11:30 IST). However, conditions did not allowed the system for further intensification. Thus, at 03:00 UTC (08:30 IST) of November 9, the IMD downgraded it to a well-marked low pressure area. The JTWC also tracked the system, from 18:00 UTC (23:30 IST) of November 4 while located at to the south-southwest of

until the same time of November 6.

Depression BOB 05

On November 6, the IMD noted the formation of a cyclonic circulation over southeastern Bay of Bengal near

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

. Two days later at 13:30 UTC (19:00 IST), the JTWC started tracking the same system as ''Invest 91B''. On November 9, under the influence of the cyclonic circulation, a low-pressure area formed over the same area. On the next day, it was upgraded to a well-marked low pressure area after noting a formation of a defined

vortex In fluid dynamics, a vortex ( : vortices or vortexes) is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or curved. Vortices form in stirred fluids, and may be observed in smoke rings, whirlpools in th ...

in associated with the system. At 15:00 UTC (21:30 IST), the IMD further upgraded it to a depression as its convective structure had improved significantly. Later at 19:30 UTC (01:00 IST), the JTWC issued a TCFA for system. At 09:00 UTC of November 11, the JTWC declared it as a tropical cyclone and designated as ''04B''. However, the system could not further intensify as it was already near to the coast and high wind shear produced by an upper tropospheric ridge. Between 12:00 and 13:00 UTC (17:30 and 18:30 IST), the system made landfall near to Chennai, and by 00:00 UTC (05:30 IST) the next day the system weakened into a well-marked low pressure area. The JTWC issued its final advisory at 15:00 UTC of November 11. The depression further worsened the floods that occurred in

Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is a States and union territories of India, state in southern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, tenth largest Indian state by area and the List of states and union territories of India ...

and

. It took lives of 16 people in India and 25 people in Sri Lanka.

Depression BOB 06

On November 12, a cyclonic circulation persisted over the

Gulf of Thailand The Gulf of Thailand, also known as the Gulf of Siam, is a shallow inlet in the southwestern South China Sea, bounded between the southwestern shores of the Indochinese Peninsula and the northern half of the Malay Peninsula. It is around in l ...

and the adjoining Malay Peninsula, which on the next day became a low pressure area by the IMD and ''Invest 92B'' by the JTWC. The IMD and the JTWC previously forecasted that it would become a depression by November 15 and further intensify on November 18 as it reaches the coast of Andhra Pradesh. However both the agencies downgraded to nil chance of becoming a depression on November 15, because of a formation of another low pressure system over the Arabian Sea and the formation of a

trough Trough may refer to: In science * Trough (geology), a long depression less steep than a trench * Trough (meteorology), an elongated region of low atmospheric pressure * Trough (physics), the lowest point on a wave * Trough level (medicine), the l ...

to the south of the system over the east of the equatorial Indian Ocean, which blocked the inflow of warm moist winds to the center of the system. As the low pressure area meandered westwards towards the Tamil Nadu coast, the system rapidly intensified into a depression by 07:00 UTC (12:30 IST) of November 18, as its convection rapidly consolidated and formed a distinct low-level center. By the same time, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system and started to retrack. Between 21:30 and 22:30 UTC (03:00 and 04:00 IST) of the same day, the depression crossed north of

Pondicherry Pondicherry (), now known as Puducherry ( French: Pondichéry ʊdʊˈtʃɛɹi(listen), on-dicherry, is the capital and the most populous city of the Union Territory of Puducherry in India. The city is in the Puducherry district on the sout ...

, and by 08:00 UTC (13:30 IST) the system weakened into a well-marked low pressure area. The JTWC cancelled the TCFA as it made landfall.

Cyclonic Storm Jawad

On November 28, the JTWC and the JMA acknowledged a formation of an area of low pressure, which they dubbed as ''Invest 94W'' over the

South China Sea The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by the shores of South China (hence the name), in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan and northwestern Phil ...

, which was located from

Ho Chi Minh City , population_density_km2 = 4,292 , population_density_metro_km2 = 697.2 , population_demonym = Saigonese , blank_name = GRP (Nominal) , blank_info = 2019 , blank1_name = – Total , blank1_ ...

. Two days later, at 12:00 UTC (17:30 IST) on November 30, the system crossed into the Andaman Sea, and the IMD started to monitor the system as a low-pressure area. On December 2, at 00:00 UTC (05:30 IST), the system further intensified into a well-marked low-pressure area, as the department found that the storm's thunderstorms had been organizing over the past day, with a distinct shear pattern. Shortly afterward, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system. Later that day, at 12:00 UTC (17:30 IST), the system intensified into a depression, with the IMD designating the system as ''BOB 07'', after the storm's convection organized further. By the next day, at 03:00 UTC (08:30 IST), the system further intensified into a deep depression. At the same time, the JTWC declared it a tropical cyclone, assigning a tropical storm intensity to the system, as the cyclone developed a well-defined mid-level circulation, though its low-level circulation center was displaced to the northwest. Three hours later, the system was upgraded to a cyclonic storm, with IMD assigning the system the name ''Jawad'', which was submitted by

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the A ...

, which means "generous" or "merciful" in Arabic. After 00:00 UTC of December 4, Jawad started to lose steam after reaching its peak at 12:00 UTC the previous day, and by 12:00 UTC the same day, Jawad lost its organization and the IMD downgraded the storm back into a deep depression, most possibly due to decreasing sea surface temperatures along the storm's track with unfavorable wind shear. This same reasoning was also used by the JTWC in the agency's final warning on the system, three hours earlier. At the same time by the next day, Jawad was further downgraded into a depression as it started to make a northwestward move, and by December 6 at 00:00 UTC, the system further degenerated into a well-marked low-pressure over the northwest Bay of Bengal without making landfall; its convection moved inland over West Bengal and

, however. Since Cyclone Jawad stayed mainly over the sea, it didn't cause any significant damages. However it did take two lives because of a falling coconut tree.

Storm names

Within this basin, a tropical cyclone is assigned a name when it is judged to have reached

cyclonic storm In meteorology, a cyclone () is a large air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere as viewed from above (opposite to an anti ...

intensity with winds of . The names were selected by a new list from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in

New Delhi New Delhi (, , ''Naī Dillī'') is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament House ...

by mid year of 2020. There is no retirement of tropical cyclone names in this basin as the list of names is only scheduled to be used once before a new list of names is drawn up. Should a named tropical cyclone move into the basin from the Western Pacific, then it will retain its original name. The

names A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A persona ...

which were used for the 2021 season are listed below.

Season effects

This is a table of all storms in the 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It mentions all of the season's storms and their names, duration, peak intensities (according to the IMD storm scale), damage, and death totals. Damage and death totals include the damage and deaths caused when that storm was a precursor wave or extratropical low, and all of the damage figures are in 2021 USD. , - , BOB 01 , , , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , , bgcolor=#, , ,

Andaman and Nicobar Islands The Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a union territory of India consisting of 572 islands, of which 37 are inhabited, at the junction of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The territory is about north of Aceh in Indonesia and separated f ...

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Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...

Karnataka Karnataka (; ISO: , , also known as Karunāḍu) is a state in the southwestern region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as Mysore State , it was renamed ''Karnat ...

Goa Goa () is a state on the southwestern coast of India within the Konkan region, geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats. It is located between the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the ...

Uttarakhand Uttarakhand ( , or ; , ), also known as Uttaranchal ( ; the official name until 2007), is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the "Devbhumi" (literally 'Land of the Gods') due to its religious significance and ...

West India Western India is a loosely defined region of India consisting of its western part. The Ministry of Home Affairs in its Western Zonal Council Administrative division includes the states of Goa, Gujarat, and Maharashtra along with the Union te ...

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East India East India is a region of India consisting of the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal and also the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The region roughly corresponds to the historical region of Magadh ...

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Central India Central India is a loosely defined geographical region of India. There is no clear official definition and various ones may be used. One common definition consists of the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, which are included in alm ...

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Balochistan Balochistan ( ; bal, بلۏچستان; also romanised as Baluchistan and Baluchestan) is a historical region in Western and South Asia, located in the Iranian plateau's far southeast and bordering the Indian Plate and the Arabian Sea coastline. ...

Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...

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References

External links

RSMC New DelhiIndian Meteorological Department
{{Tropical cyclone season, 2021, split-year=yes 2021 meteorology 2021 NIO North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons