1999 Ukrainian presidential election
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Presidential elections A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President. Elections by country Albania The president of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public. Chile The pr ...
were held in
Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
on 31 October 1999, with a second round on 14 November. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p. 1976. The result was a victory for
Leonid Kuchma Leonid Danylovych Kuchma ( uk, Леоні́д Дани́лович Ку́чма; born 9 August 1938) is a Ukrainian politician who was the second president of Ukraine from 19 July 1994 to 23 January 2005. Kuchma's presidency saw numerous corru ...
, who defeated
Petro Symonenko Petro Mykolayovych Symonenko ( uk, Петро́ Микола́йович Симоне́нко; born 1 August 1952) is a Ukrainian politician and the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Symonenko was the Co ...
in the run-off.


Electoral system

At the time of election the population in Ukraine was 50,105,600 with 34,017,400 living in cities. The most districts contained the Donetsk Oblast (23) as the most populous one, the least electoral districts among oblasts were in the
Chernivtsi Oblast Chernivtsi Oblast ( uk, Черніве́цька о́бласть, Chernivetska oblast), also referred to as Chernivechchyna ( uk, Чернівеччина) is an oblast (province) in Western Ukraine, consisting of the northern parts of the regio ...
, only 4. The city of
Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kyi ...
had 12 electoral districts and
Sevastopol Sevastopol (; uk, Севасто́поль, Sevastópolʹ, ; gkm, Σεβαστούπολις, Sevastoúpolis, ; crh, Акъя́р, Aqyár, ), sometimes written Sebastopol, is the largest city in Crimea, and a major port on the Black Sea ...
- 2. There also was a special ''out-of-country district'' available for voters who at the moment of elections were not available to vote in Ukraine.


Registration

There were 32 individuals who submitted their documents for registration as pretenders on candidate to the President of Ukraine. Out of them 19 pretenders were registered with the Central Election Commission of Ukraine to run for presidential elections, the rest 13 were denied in registration.


Registered candidates

* Oleksandr Bazylyuk, by Slavic Party *
Hennadiy Balashov Hennadiy Viktorovych Balashov ( uk, Геннадій Вікторович Балашов, born 20 February 1961, Dnipro, USSR) is a Ukrainian businessman, blogger, politician and leader of 5.10 political party. He is an advocate of a radical r ...
, by group of voters ( Dnipropetrovsk) * Ivan Bilas, by
Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists The Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists ( uk, Конгрес українських націоналістів ''Konhres ukrayinskykh natsionalistiv'') is a far-right political party in Ukraine. It was founded on October 18, 1992, and registered wit ...
*
Nataliya Vitrenko Nataliya Mykhailivna Vitrenko ( uk, Натáлія Михáйлівна Вітрéнко; born December 28, 1951) is a pro-Russian Ukrainian politician and scientist. Presidential candidacy Born in Kyiv, she was a candidate in the 2004 Ukrain ...
, by
Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine The Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine (PSPU) is a banned Pro-Russian National Bolshevik political party in Ukraine led by Nataliya Vitrenko. The party was represented in Ukraine's national parliament between 1998 and 2002. History The p ...
* Mykola Haber, by Patriotic Party of Ukraine * Yuriy Karmazin, by
Motherland Defenders Party The Motherland Defenders Party ( uk, Партія захисників Вітчизни) is a political party in Ukraine registered in July 1997.Vitaliy Kononov , image = Vitaliy Kononov.jpg , caption = , nationality = Soviet (until 1991) Ukrainian , birth_date = , birth_place = Kobuleti, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union , death_date = , death_place = , spouse = , profes ...
, by
Party of Greens of Ukraine The Party of Greens of Ukraine ( uk, Партія зелених України, Partiia zelenykh Ukrayiny, PZU) is a Ukrainian green political party founded in 1990 by Yuriy Shcherbak and registered in May 1991. The party is a successor of t ...
*
Yuriy Kostenko Yuriy Kostenko ( uk, Юрій Іванович Костенко; born 6 December 1951) is a Ukrainian politician and leader of the Ukrainian People's Party.
, by group of voters (
Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kyi ...
) *
Leonid Kuchma Leonid Danylovych Kuchma ( uk, Леоні́д Дани́лович Ку́чма; born 9 August 1938) is a Ukrainian politician who was the second president of Ukraine from 19 July 1994 to 23 January 2005. Kuchma's presidency saw numerous corru ...
, by group of voters (
Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kyi ...
) *
Yevhen Marchuk Yevhen Kyrylovych Marchuk ( uk, Євге́н Кири́лович Марчу́к; 28 January 1941 – 5 August 2021) was a Ukrainian politician, intelligence officer, and general who served as the fourth Prime Minister of Ukraine after its indep ...
, by Bloc "Our President - Yevhen Marchuk!" ( Social-Democratic Union, Christian-People's Union,
Ukrainian Republican Party The Ukrainian Republican Party ( uk, Українська Республіканська партія; ''Ukrajinska Respublikanska Partija'') was the first registered political party in Ukraine created on November 5, 1990
,
Ukrainian Peasant Democratic Party The Ukrainian Peasant Democratic Party ( uk, Українська селянська демократична партія) is a former political party in Ukraine. It was registered with the Ministry of Justice on 15 January 1991. The party merg ...
) *
Oleksandr Moroz Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Morozrussian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Моро́з, translit=Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Moroz (born 29 February 1944) is a Ukrainian politician. He was the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada twice, ...
, by
Socialist Party of Ukraine The Socialist Party of Ukraine ( uk, Соціалістична Партія України, translit=Sotsialistychna Partiia Ukrayiny, SPU) was a social democratic and democratic socialist political party in Ukraine. It was one of the oldest par ...
* Hryhoriy Novodvorsky, by group of voters (Dashiv,
Vinnytsia Oblast Vinnytsia Oblast ( uk, Ві́нницька о́бласть, translit=Vinnytska oblast; ; also referred to as Vinnychchyna — uk, Ві́нниччина) is an oblast of western and southwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Vinnytsia. ...
) * Volodymyr Oliynyk, by group of voters (
Kirovohrad Kropyvnytskyi ( uk, Кропивницький, Kropyvnytskyi ) is a city in central Ukraine on the Inhul river with a population of . It is an administrative center of the Kirovohrad Oblast. Over its history, Kropyvnytskyi has changed its nam ...
) *
Vasyl Onopenko Vasyl Onopenko ( uk, Василь Васильович Онопенко; born 10 April 1949) is a Ukrainian judge, and politician. Onopenko is from Vinnytsia Oblast. He graduated the Kharkiv Law Institute in 1975 and later a candidate dissertati ...
, by Ukrainian Social Democratic Party * Mykhailo Pavlovsky, by group of voters (
Khmelnytskyi Khmelnytskyi ( uk, Хмельни́цький, Khmelnytskyi, ), until 1954 Proskuriv ( uk, Проску́рів, links=no ), is a city in western Ukraine, the administrative center for Khmelnytskyi Oblast (region) and Khmelnytskyi Raion (dist ...
) * Oleksandr Rzhavsky, by All-Ukrainian Political Association "One Family" *
Petro Symonenko Petro Mykolayovych Symonenko ( uk, Петро́ Микола́йович Симоне́нко; born 1 August 1952) is a Ukrainian politician and the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Symonenko was the Co ...
, by
Communist Party of Ukraine The Communist Party of Ukraine, Abbreviation: KPU, from Ukrainian and Russian "" is a banned political party in Ukraine. It was founded in 1993 as the successor to the Soviet-era Communist Party of Ukraine which was banned in 1991 (accord ...
* Oleksandr Tkachenko, by
Peasant Party of Ukraine The Peasant Party of Ukraine (, ''Selyans'ka Partiya Ukrayiny'', SelPU) is an agrarian and socialist political party in Ukraine. It was created in 1992 as a successor of the Communist Party of Ukraine that was temporarily outlawed in 1991. At t ...
*
Hennadiy Udovenko Hennadiy Yosypovych Udovenko (22 June 1931 – 12 February 2013)
, by National Movement of Ukraine ''Notes:'' * Udovenko and Kostenko initially were denied in registration, but on May 21, 1999 both were registered.


Registration denied

* Mykola Havrylov * Borys Holodyuk, by group of voters (Monastyrets,
Lviv Oblast Lviv Oblast ( uk, Льві́вська о́бласть, translit=Lvivska oblast, ), also referred to as Lvivshchyna ( uk, Льві́вщина, ), ). The name of each oblast is a relational adjective—in English translating to a noun adjunct w ...
) *
Volodymyr Huba Volodymyr Petrovych Huba ( uk, Володимир Петрович Губа, 22 December 1938 – 3 December 2020) was a Ukrainian composer and poet. Career Born in Kyiv, he studied music at the Kyiv Conservatory (which is now the National Music ...
, by group of voter (
Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kyi ...
) * Valentyna Datsenko, by All-Ukrainian Party of Female Initiatives * Tetyana Zadorozhna, by group of voters (
Shakhtarsk Shakhtarsk (, ) or Shakhtyorsk (russian: Шахтёрск) is a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. Regionally, the city is an administrative urban enclave also consisting of cities Torez and Snizhne and surrounded by Shakhtarsk Raion. It serves ...
) * Oleh Kalashnikov, by group of voters (
Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kyi ...
) * Valeriy Korotkov, by Women National Party (united) *
Dmytro Korchynsky Dmytro Oleksandrovych Korchynsky ( uk, Дмитро Олександрович Корчинський; born 22 January 1964) is a Ukrainian writer, poet, militant, and political activist who is the former leader of the far-right Ukrainian Natio ...
, by group of voters (Pohoriltsi, Chernihiv Oblast) * Pavlo Lazarenko, by Hromada * Oleksandr Pukhkal, by group of voters (Mykolaivka,
Kirovohrad Oblast Kirovohrad Oblast ( uk, Кіровоградська область, translit=Kirovohradska oblast; also referred to as Kirovohradschyna — uk, Кіровоградщина) is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. The administrative center of the ...
) * Marian Roketsky, by group of voters ( Ivano-Frankivsk) * Andriy Taranenko, by group of voters (
Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kyi ...
) * Volodymyr Yurchenko, by group of voters (
Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kyi ...
)


Candidates

All pretenders were required to collect signatures to become candidates. In the process ten pretenders were not able to gather the required signatures, while six were reinstated on decision of the
Supreme Court of Ukraine The Supreme Court of Ukraine ( uk, Верховний Суд України, ) is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction in Ukraine.Oleksandr Bazylyuk, initially denied in registration, Bazylyuk was granted candidate status on decision of the
Supreme Court of Ukraine The Supreme Court of Ukraine ( uk, Верховний Суд України, ) is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction in Ukraine.Nataliya Vitrenko Nataliya Mykhailivna Vitrenko ( uk, Натáлія Михáйлівна Вітрéнко; born December 28, 1951) is a pro-Russian Ukrainian politician and scientist. Presidential candidacy Born in Kyiv, she was a candidate in the 2004 Ukrain ...
* Mykola Haber, initially denied in registration, Haber was granted candidate status on decision of the
Supreme Court of Ukraine The Supreme Court of Ukraine ( uk, Верховний Суд України, ) is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction in Ukraine.Yuriy Karmazin, initially denied in registration, Karmazin was granted candidate status on decision of the
Supreme Court of Ukraine The Supreme Court of Ukraine ( uk, Верховний Суд України, ) is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction in Ukraine.Vitaliy Kononov , image = Vitaliy Kononov.jpg , caption = , nationality = Soviet (until 1991) Ukrainian , birth_date = , birth_place = Kobuleti, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union , death_date = , death_place = , spouse = , profes ...
, initially denied in registration, Kononov was granted candidate status on decision of the
Supreme Court of Ukraine The Supreme Court of Ukraine ( uk, Верховний Суд України, ) is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction in Ukraine.Yuriy Kostenko Yuriy Kostenko ( uk, Юрій Іванович Костенко; born 6 December 1951) is a Ukrainian politician and leader of the Ukrainian People's Party.
*
Leonid Kuchma Leonid Danylovych Kuchma ( uk, Леоні́д Дани́лович Ку́чма; born 9 August 1938) is a Ukrainian politician who was the second president of Ukraine from 19 July 1994 to 23 January 2005. Kuchma's presidency saw numerous corru ...
*
Yevhen Marchuk Yevhen Kyrylovych Marchuk ( uk, Євге́н Кири́лович Марчу́к; 28 January 1941 – 5 August 2021) was a Ukrainian politician, intelligence officer, and general who served as the fourth Prime Minister of Ukraine after its indep ...
*
Oleksandr Moroz Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Morozrussian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Моро́з, translit=Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Moroz (born 29 February 1944) is a Ukrainian politician. He was the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada twice, ...
* Volodymyr Oliynyk *
Vasyl Onopenko Vasyl Onopenko ( uk, Василь Васильович Онопенко; born 10 April 1949) is a Ukrainian judge, and politician. Onopenko is from Vinnytsia Oblast. He graduated the Kharkiv Law Institute in 1975 and later a candidate dissertati ...
, , initially denied in registration, Onopenko was granted candidate status on decision of the
Supreme Court of Ukraine The Supreme Court of Ukraine ( uk, Верховний Суд України, ) is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction in Ukraine.Oleksandr Rzhavsky, , initially denied in registration, Rzhavsky was granted candidate status on decision of the
Supreme Court of Ukraine The Supreme Court of Ukraine ( uk, Верховний Суд України, ) is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction in Ukraine.Petro Symonenko Petro Mykolayovych Symonenko ( uk, Петро́ Микола́йович Симоне́нко; born 1 August 1952) is a Ukrainian politician and the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Symonenko was the Co ...
* Oleksandr Tkachenko *
Hennadiy Udovenko Hennadiy Yosypovych Udovenko (22 June 1931 – 12 February 2013)
''Notes:'' * On October 27, 1999 Oliynyk and Tkachenko withdrew from the election campaign.


Kaniv four

Since the summer of 1999 there was a sharp competition among the candidates. Four candidates
Yevhen Marchuk Yevhen Kyrylovych Marchuk ( uk, Євге́н Кири́лович Марчу́к; 28 January 1941 – 5 August 2021) was a Ukrainian politician, intelligence officer, and general who served as the fourth Prime Minister of Ukraine after its indep ...
,
Oleksandr Moroz Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Morozrussian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Моро́з, translit=Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Moroz (born 29 February 1944) is a Ukrainian politician. He was the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada twice, ...
, Volodymyr Oliynyk (mayor of
Cherkasy Cherkasy ( uk, Черка́си, ) is a city in central Ukraine. Cherkasy is the capital of Cherkasy Oblast ( province), as well as the administrative center of Cherkasky Raion (district) within the oblast. The city has a population of C ...
), and Oleksandr Tkachenko (speaker of
Verkhovna Rada The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ( uk, Верхо́вна Ра́да Украї́ни, translit=, Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy, translation=Supreme Council of Ukraine, Ukrainian abbreviation ''ВРУ''), often simply Verkhovna Rada or just Rada, is the ...
) met in
Kaniv Kaniv ( uk, Канів, ) city located in Cherkasy Raion, Cherkasy Oblast (province) in central Ukraine. The city rests on the Dnieper River, and is also one of the main inland river ports on the Dnieper. It hosts the administration of Kaniv urb ...
and called on all candidates to just and honest elections. The "Kaniv Four" had intentions to present a single candidate who would have more chances for success. It however failed to do so and no one else joined them neither. Volodymyr Oliynyk being promoted by
Kirovohrad Kropyvnytskyi ( uk, Кропивницький, Kropyvnytskyi ) is a city in central Ukraine on the Inhul river with a population of . It is an administrative center of the Kirovohrad Oblast. Over its history, Kropyvnytskyi has changed its nam ...
city residents, on October 27 surrendered his candidacy in favor of
Yevhen Marchuk Yevhen Kyrylovych Marchuk ( uk, Євге́н Кири́лович Марчу́к; 28 January 1941 – 5 August 2021) was a Ukrainian politician, intelligence officer, and general who served as the fourth Prime Minister of Ukraine after its indep ...
, while Oleksandr Tkachenko favored
Petro Symonenko Petro Mykolayovych Symonenko ( uk, Петро́ Микола́йович Симоне́нко; born 1 August 1952) is a Ukrainian politician and the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Symonenko was the Co ...
(leader of
Communist Party of Ukraine The Communist Party of Ukraine, Abbreviation: KPU, from Ukrainian and Russian "" is a banned political party in Ukraine. It was founded in 1993 as the successor to the Soviet-era Communist Party of Ukraine which was banned in 1991 (accord ...
).


Conduct

According to historian
Serhy Yekelchyk Serhy Yekelchyk (born November 13, 1966 in Kyiv) is a Ukrainian Canadian historian, who has published widely on modern Ukrainian and Russian history and Russian-Ukrainian relations. Education and career Yekelchyk received his B.A. from the Unive ...
President Kuchma's administration "employed electoral fraud freely" during the election.


Results

In the first round the most oblasts and the out-of-country district were won by Leonid Kuchma. In seven oblasts the top candidate was Petro Symonenko mostly in the centre and south. Oleksandr Moroz managed to become the leader in the more agrarian oriented Poltava and
Vinnytsia Oblast Vinnytsia Oblast ( uk, Ві́нницька о́бласть, translit=Vinnytska oblast; ; also referred to as Vinnychchyna — uk, Ві́нниччина) is an oblast of western and southwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Vinnytsia. ...
s. Nataliya Vitrenko took the peak of the candidate list in the Sumy Oblast.


Notes

During the election campaign Kuchma was supported by the Bloc "Our Choice – Leonid Kuchma!"Soskin, O.
L. Kuchma at power – Ukraine in decline
Institute of Society Transformation.


References


Bibliography

* Fritz, D. V. ''"State-Building: A Comparative Study of Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, and Russia"''. Central European University Press. Budapest 2008.


External links


Ukrainian presidential election, 1999
Central Electoral Commission of Ukraine website. *
Handbook on preparation to the Foreign Independent Evaluation (ZNO) on history of Ukraine
'. www.history.vn.ua * Romanyuk, A.S., Skochilias, L.S., and others

Lviv: TsPD, 2010. * Tantsiura, V
Political history of Ukraine

Yulia Tyshchenko, Ukrainian Independent Center of Political Studies

1999 Presidential elections
Central Electoral Commission. Kiev 2000
1999 Presidential elections: how it was. Part 2
Freedom of speech in Ukraine. {{Ukrainian elections Presidential
1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shoot ...
October 1999 events in Europe November 1999 events in Europe Leonid Kuchma