The 1996 Italian general election was held on 21 April 1996 to elect members of the

Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon R ...

and the Senate of the Republic.

Romano Prodi Romano Antonio Prodi (; born 9 August 1939) is an Italian politician, economist, academic, senior civil servant, and business executive who served as the tenth president of the European Commission from 1999 to 2004. He served twice as Prim ...

, leader of the centre-left The Olive Tree, won the election, narrowly defeating

Silvio Berlusconi Silvio Berlusconi ( ; ; born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies ...

, who led the centre-right

Pole for Freedoms The Pole for Freedoms ( it, Polo per le Libertà) was a centre-right political and electoral alliance in Italy, which was active from 1996 to 2000. It included Forza Italia (FI), the National Alliance (AN), Union of the Centre (UdC), Christian De ...

. For the election, the Northern League of

Umberto Bossi Umberto Bossi (born 19 September 1941) is an Italian politician and former leader of Lega Nord (Northern League), a party seeking autonomy or independence for Northern Italy or Padania. He is married to the Sicilian Manuela Marrone, and has f ...

ran alone after having left the

Berlusconi I Cabinet The first Berlusconi government was the 51st government of the Italian Republic. It was the first right-wing and non-Christian Democrats government since World War II. Berlusconi resigned on 22 December 1994. History In order to win the March ...

in 1994, causing a crisis which drove

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

Oscar Luigi Scalfaro Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (; 9 September 1918 – 29 January 2012) was the president of Italy from 1992 to 1999. A member of Christian Democracy (DC), he became an independent politician after the DC's dissolution in 1992, and was close to the centre ...

to appoint a

technocratic Technocracy is a form of government in which the decision-maker or makers are selected based on their expertise in a given area of responsibility, particularly with regard to scientific or technical knowledge. This system explicitly contrasts wi ...

cabinet led by

Lamberto Dini Lamberto Dini CGMG (born 1 March 1931) is an Italian politician and economist. He was the Director General of Bank of Italy from 1979 to 1994, Minister of Treasury from 1994 to 1996, the 51st Prime Minister of Italy from 1995 to 1996, and Forei ...

, which in turn lost its parliamentary support in 1995, forcing Scalfaro to dissolve the

Italian Parliament The Italian Parliament ( it, Parlamento italiano) is the national parliament of the Italian Republic. It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1943), the transitiona ...

. The Communist Refoundation Party, led by

Fausto Bertinotti Fausto Bertinotti (born 22 March 1940) is an Italian politician who led the Communist Refoundation Party (''Partito della Rifondazione Comunista'') from 1994 to 2006. On 29 April 2006, after the centre-left coalition's victory in the Italian ...

, made a pre-

electoral alliance An electoral alliance (also known as a bipartisan electoral agreement, electoral pact, electoral agreement, electoral coalition or electoral bloc) is an association of political party, political parties or individuals that exists solely to stand ...

with The Olive Tree, presenting its own candidates, supported by Prodi's coalition, mainly in some safe

leftist Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involve a concern for those in soci ...

constituencies, in exchange for supporting Olive Tree candidates on the other ones, and ensuring external support for a Prodi government.

Electoral system

The intricate electoral system of Italy, nicknamed as ''

Mattarellum The Italian electoral law of 1993 (better known as Mattarellum) was a reform of the electoral laws of Italy, passed on 4 August 1993. The nickname, conceived by Giovanni Sartori, derived from its author Sergio Mattarella. The law was also nickname ...

'' after

Sergio Mattarella Sergio Mattarella (; born 23 July 1941) is an Italian politician, jurist, academic and lawyer who has served as the president of Italy since 2015. A Christian leftist politician, Mattarella was a leading member of the Christian Democracy par ...

, who was the official proponent, provided a 75% of the seats on the Chamber of Deputies (the lower house) as elected by a

plurality voting system Plurality voting refers to electoral systems in which a candidate, or candidates, who poll more than any other counterpart (that is, receive a plurality), are elected. In systems based on single-member districts, it elects just one member per ...

, whereas the remaining 25% was assigned by

proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...

with a minimum threshold of 4%. If possible, the method associate on the Senate was even more complicated: 75% of seats by uninominal method, and 25% by a special proportional method that actually assigned the remaining seats to minority parties.

General election

Background

In December 1994, following the communication of a new investigation from Milan magistrates that was leaked to the press,

, leader of the Northern League, left the coalition claiming that the

electoral pact An electoral alliance (also known as a bipartisan electoral agreement, electoral pact, electoral agreement, electoral coalition or electoral bloc) is an association of political parties or individuals that exists solely to stand in elections. Ea ...

had not been respected, forcing Berlusconi to resign from office and shifting the majority's weight to the centre-left side. The Northern League also resented the fact that many of its MPs had switched to Forza Italia, allegedly lured by promises of more prestigious portfolios. Berlusconi remained as caretaker prime minister for a little over a month until his replacement by a technocratic government headed by

. Dini had been a key minister in the Berlusconi cabinet, and Berlusconi said the only way he would support a technocratic government would be if Dini headed it. In the end, Dini was only supported by most opposition parties and not by Forza Italia and Northern League. In December 1995, Dini resigned as Prime Minister and President

decided to begin consultations to form a government, supported by all the parties in the

to make constitutional reforms. In a TV debate on 19 January 1996, both

and

Democratic Party of the Left The Democratic Party of the Left ( it, Partito Democratico della Sinistra, PDS) was a democratic socialist and social-democratic political party in Italy. Founded in February 1991 as the post-communist evolution of the Italian Communist Party, ...

leader

Massimo D'Alema Massimo D'Alema (; born 20 April 1949) is an Italian politician and journalist who was the 53rd prime minister of Italy from 1998 to 2000. He was Deputy Prime Minister of Italy and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2008. D'Alema also serv ...

supported constitutional reforms; however, there were many problems on this theme in both coalition, as

Gianfranco Fini Gianfranco Fini (born 3 January 1952) is an Italian politician who served as the president of the Italian Chamber of Deputies from 2008 to 2013. He is the former leader of the far-right Italian Social Movement, the conservative National Allianc ...

and

wanted a snap election, not sure that the reforms would be helpful for the country. On 16 February 1996, a snap election was called.

Campaign

On 19 February 1996, the outgoing Prime Minister

announced that he would run in the election with a new party allied with The Olive Tree rather than Berlusconi's

Pole of Freedoms The Pole of Freedoms ( it, Polo delle Libertà) was a centre-right political and electoral alliance in Italy, launched at the 1994 general election by Silvio Berlusconi. Its counterpart in central and southern Italy was the Pole of Good Govern ...

. Shortly after, Berlusconi claimed that Dini "copied our electoral programme". Another important declaration was that of

, the leader of the regionalist Northern League, which was very important in 1994 to help Berlusconi winning the election. Bossi said that his party would not support Berlusconi anymore and run alone in the election. At the same time, Prodi's coalition made a pre-electoral agreement with Communist Refoundation Party in which

's party undertook to support Prodi's government after the election in case of no parliamentary majority. On 25 March 1996, Berlusconi organised a manifestation in

Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...

against taxes (''The Tax Day'') attended by many Milanese artisans; on the same day in

Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...

, Prodi was heavily contested during his electoral speech and accused of not wanting to lower taxes.

Main coalitions and parties

{, class=wikitable style="text-align:left" , - ! colspan="2", Coalition ! colspan="2", Party ! Main ideology ! Leader , - , rowspan="8" style="background-color:", , rowspan=8", The Olive Tree , style="background-color:", ,

(PDS) ,

Democratic socialism Democratic socialism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing political philosophy that supports political democracy and some form of a socially owned economy, with a particular emphasis on economic democracy, workplace democracy, and workers' self- ...

, - , style="background-color:", , {{nowrap,

Populars for Prodi The Populars for Prodi ( it, Popolari per Prodi) was an electoral list of political parties in Italy. The list participated in the 1996 general election as a component of The Olive Tree, supporting Romano Prodi as candidate for Prime Minister ...

( PPI– UD– PRI– SVP) ,

Christian democracy Christian democracy (sometimes named Centrist democracy) is a political ideology that emerged in 19th-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching and neo-Calvinism. It was conceived as a combination of modern democratic ...

Franco Marini Franco Marini (9 April 1933 – 9 February 2021) was an Italian politician and a prominent member of the centre-left Democratic Party. From 2006 to 2008, he was the president of the Senate. Biography Trade unionist Marini was born in San Pio ...

, - , style="background-color:{{party color, Italian Renewal", ,

Italian Renewal Italian Renewal ( it, Rinnovamento Italiano, RI) was a centrist and liberal political party in Italy. The party was a member of The Olive Tree and centre-left coalition, while also affiliated to the European People's Party from 1998 to 2004. ...

(RI) ,

Liberalism Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality and equality before the law."political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for c ...

, - , style="background-color:{{party color, Federation of the Greens" , ,

Federation of the Greens The Federation of the Greens ( it, Federazione dei Verdi, FdV), frequently referred to as Greens (''Verdi''), was a green political party in Italy. It was formed in 1990 by the merger of the Federation of Green Lists and the Rainbow Greens. T ...

(FdV) ,

Green politics Green politics, or ecopolitics, is a political ideology that aims to foster an ecologically sustainable society often, but not always, rooted in environmentalism, nonviolence, social justice and grassroots democracy. Wall 2010. p. 12-13. It b ...

, Franco Corleone , - , style="background-color:{{party color, Italian Socialist Party" , , Labour Federation (FL) ,

Social democracy Social democracy is a Political philosophy, political, Social philosophy, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocati ...

Valdo Spini Valdo Spini (born 20 January 1946 in Florence) is an Italian politician and author. A long-time member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), in 1994 he founded the Labour Federation (FL), of which he was leader until 1998, when FL merged into ...

, - , style="background-color:{{party color, Italian Socialist Party" , , Italian Socialists (SI) ,

Enrico Boselli Enrico Boselli (born 7 January 1957) is an Italian politician. He has been Vice President of Alliance for Italy, and is the former leader of the Italian Democratic Socialists and the modern-day Socialist Party, and former President of Emilia-Roma ...

, - , bgcolor="#DF0174", ,

The Network The Network was an American six-piece new wave band. they released their debut album ''Money Money 2020'' on Adeline Records on September 30, 2003. After a 15-year hiatus, the band became active again in 2020, releasing a follow-up album titl ...

(LR) , Anti-corruption politics ,

Leoluca Orlando Leoluca Orlando (born 1 August 1947), is an Italian politician, Mayor of Palermo for over twenty years and President of Italian Federation of American Football (FIDAF). He is best known for his strong opposition to the Sicilian Mafia during his m ...

, - , bgcolor={{party color, Patto Segni, ,

Segni Pact The Segni Pact ( it, Patto Segni), officially called Pact of National Rebirth (''Patto di Rinascita Nazionale''), was a Christian-democratic, centrist and liberal political party in Italy. The party was founded and named after Mario Segni, a form ...

(PS) , Christian liberalism ,

Mario Segni Mariotto Segni (born 16 May 1939) is an Italian politician and professor of civil law. He founded several parties, which focused on fighting for electoral reform through referendums. He is the son of the politician Antonio Segni, one time Presid ...

, - , rowspan="4" style="background-color:{{party color, House of Freedoms", , rowspan="4",

, style="background-color:{{party color, Forza Italia", ,

Forza Italia Forza ItaliaThe name is not usually translated into English: ''forza'' is the second-person singular imperative of ''forzare'', in this case translating to "to compel" or "to press", and so means something like "Forward, Italy", "Come on, Ital ...

(FI) ,

Liberal conservatism Liberal conservatism is a political ideology combining conservative policies with liberal stances, especially on economic issues but also on social and ethical matters, representing a brand of political conservatism strongly influenced by libe ...

, - , style="background-color:{{party color, National Alliance (Italy)", , National Alliance (AN) ,

National conservatism National conservatism is a nationalist variant of conservatism that concentrates on upholding national and cultural identity. National conservatives usually combine nationalism with conservative stances promoting traditional cultural values, ...

, - , style="background-color:lightskyblue" , ,

Christian Democratic Centre The Christian Democratic Centre ( it, Centro Cristiano Democratico, CCD) was a Christian-democratic political party in Italy from 1994 to 2002. Formed from a right-wing split from Christian Democracy, the party joined the centre-right coalition, a ...

(CCD) ,

Pier Ferdinando Casini Pier Ferdinando Casini (; born 3 December 1955) is an Italian politician. He served as President of the Chamber of Deputies from 2001 to 2006. Casini is the honorary president of the Centrist Democrat International and the Inter-Parliamentary ...

, - , style="background-color:lightblue" , ,

United Christian Democrats The United Christian Democrats ( it, Cristiani Democratici Uniti, CDU) was a minor Christian democratic political party in Italy. The CDU was a member of the European People's Party from 1995 until 2002. History The party was started in 1995 by ...

(CDU) ,

Rocco Buttiglione Rocco Buttiglione (; born 6 June 1948) is an Italian Union of Christian and Centre Democrats politician and an academic. Buttiglione's nomination for a post as European Commissioner with a portfolio that was to include civil liberties, resulted ...

, - , style="background:{{party color, Lega Nord;" , , colspan="3", Northern League (LN) , Regionalism ,

, - , style="background:{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party;" , , colspan="3", Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) ,

Communism Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

, - , style="background:gold;" , , colspan="3", Pannella–Sgarbi List (LPS) ,

Libertarianism Libertarianism (from french: libertaire, "libertarian"; from la, libertas, "freedom") is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state's en ...

Marco Pannella Marco Pannella (born Giacinto Pannella; 2 May 1930 – 19 May 2016) was an Italian politician, journalist and activist. He was well known in his country for his nonviolence and civil rights' campaigns, like the right to divorce, the right to ab ...

Coalitions' leaders

{, class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid" , - ! width=15%, Portrait ! colspan=2 width=20%, Name ! width=55%, Most recent position ! width=5%, Refs , - , {{CSS image crop, Image=Romano Prodi 1999 (cropped).jpg, bSize=110, cWidth=110, cHeight=150, Location=center , style="background:{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy);" , ,

(born 1939) , style="text-align: center;" , Leader of The Olive Tree
(1995–1998)
{{Collapsible list , title = Other positions , President of the

Institute for Industrial Reconstruction The Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI; English: "Institute for Industrial Reconstruction") was an Italian public holding company established in 1933 by the Fascist regime to rescue, restructure and finance banks and private companies ...

(1982–1989; 1993–1994) , Minister of Industry, Commerce and Manufacturing (1978–1979) , , - , Silvio_Berlusconi_1994_(cropped)

, style="background:{{party color, Pole for Freedoms;" , ,

(born 1936) , style="text-align: center;" ,

Prime Minister of Italy The Prime Minister of Italy, officially the President of the Council of Ministers ( it, link=no, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), is the head of government of the Italian Republic. The office of president of the Council of Ministers is ...

(1994–1995)
{{Collapsible list , title = Other positions , Member of the

(1994–2013) , President of

(1994–2009) , , - , Umberto Bossi 1996

, style="background:{{party color, Lega Nord;" , ,

(born 1941) , style="text-align: center;" ,

Federal Secretary The federal secretary (also referred to as the secretary to the Government of Pakistan) is the highest-ranking position in the Government of Pakistan, occupied by the most senior civil servant in a specific ministry or division. The secretary is ...

of the Northern League
(1989–2012)
{{Collapsible list , title = Other positions , Member of the

(1992–2004) , Member of the Senate of the Republic (1987–1992) , , - , Fausto Bertinotti 1996

, style="background:{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party;" , ,

(born 1940) , style="text-align: center;" ,

Secretary A secretary, administrative professional, administrative assistant, executive assistant, administrative officer, administrative support specialist, clerk, military assistant, management assistant, office secretary, or personal assistant is a w ...

of the Communist
Refoundation Party
(1994–2006)
{{Collapsible list , title = Other positions ,

Member of the European Parliament A Member of the European Parliament (MEP) is a person who has been elected to serve as a popular representative in the European Parliament. When the European Parliament (then known as the Common Assembly of the ECSC) first met in 1952, its ...

(1999–2006) , Member of the

(1994–2008) , , - , Marco Pannella 1992

, style="background:gold;" , ,

(1930–2016) , style="text-align: center;" ,

(1979–2009)
{{Collapsible list , title = Other positions , Leader of

Pannella List The Pannella List ( it, Lista Pannella, LP) is a liberal and libertarian association, which was also the electoral list of the Italian Radicals between 1992 and 1999, when it was replaced by the Bonino List. Its standard-bearer was Marco Panne ...

(1992–1999) , Member of the

(1992–1994; 1987–1989; 1983–1984; 1976–1978) , President of the Radical Party (1986–1989; 1976–1981; 1967–1975) , Secretary of the Radical Party (1981–1983; 1963–1967) , Pannella, una vita da radicale
/ref>

Results

{{main, Results of the 1996 Italian general election

Chamber of Deputies

Overall results

{, class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" , + {{nowrap, ← Summary of the 21 April 1996 Chamber of Deputies election results → , - , colspan="12", Italian Chamber of Deputies, 1996

, - !align=left colspan=2 rowspan=2, Coalition !colspan=2 rowspan=2, Party !colspan="3" align="center" valign=top, Proportional !colspan="3" align="center" valign=top, First-past-the-post !align=left rowspan=2, Total
seats !align=left rowspan=2, +/– , - !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, Votes !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, % !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, Seats !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, Votes !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, % !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, Seats , - , rowspan="7" style="background:{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy);", , style="text-align:left;" rowspan="7", The Olive Tree , bgcolor="{{party color, Democratic Party of the Left" , , align=left,

(PDS), , 7,894,118, , 21.06, , 26, , rowspan="6", 15,747,455, , rowspan="6", 42.01, , 146, , 172{{efn, Including eight deputies of the

Movement of Unitarian Communists The Movement of Unitarian Communists (, MCU), or simply Unitarian Communists ( it, Comunisti Unitari), was a communist political party in Italy. History The party was founded in June 1995 as a split from the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC ...

(MCU), six deputies of the Labour Federation (FL), five deputies of the

Social Christians The Social Christians ( it, Cristiano Sociali) are a Christian social-democratic faction within the Democratic Party, a political party in Italy. Before that, they were a party (1993–1998) and a faction of the Democrats of the Left (1998–2007 ...

(CS), one deputy of the Republican Left (SR) and one deputy of the

Italian Democratic Socialist Party The Italian Democratic Socialist Party (, PSDI), also known as Italian Social Democratic Party, was a minor social-democratic political party in Italy. The longest serving partner in government for Christian Democracy, the PSDI had been an im ...

(PSDI), , +48 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian People's Party (1994)" , , align=left, {{nowrap,

( PPI– UD– PRI– SVP), , 2,554,072, , 6.81, , 4, , 65, , 69{{efn, Including five deputies of the Democratic Union (UD) and two deputies of the

Italian Republican Party The Italian Republican Party ( it, Partito Repubblicano Italiano, PRI) is a liberal and social-liberal political party in Italy. Founded in 1895, the PRI is the oldest political party still active in Italy. The PRI has old roots and a long histo ...

(PRI), , +18 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian Renewal" , , align=left,

(RI), , 1,627,380, , 4.34, , 8, , 18, , 26{{efn, Including eight deputies of

(Patto), seven deputies of the Italian Socialists (SI) and one deputy of the

Democratic Italian Movement The Democratic Italian Movement ( it, Movimento Italiano Democratico, MID) was a political party in Italy. The MID was founded in February 1995 by Sergio Berlinguer, a former diplomat who he had been minister for Italians abroad in Berlusconi I Ca ...

(MID), , ''New'' , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Federation of the Greens" , , align=left,

(FdV), , 938,665, , 2.50, , 0, , 14, , 14, , +3 , - , bgcolor="#DF0174" , , align=left,

(LR), , {{N/A, , {{N/A, , 0, , 3, , 3, , −5 , - , bgcolor="#6495ED" , , align=left,

Ladin Autonomist Union The Ladin Autonomist Union ( lld, Union Autonomista Ladina; it, Unione Autonomista Ladina; UAL) is a minor progressive-centrist political party in Trentino, Italy, that seeks to represent the Ladin minority in the Province and especially that li ...

(UAL), , {{N/A, , {{N/A, , 0, , 1, , 1, , +1 , - , colspan=4 align=left, Total seats, , 38, , colspan="2", , , 247, , 285, , – , - , rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color, Pole of Freedoms", , style="text-align:left;" rowspan="4",

, bgcolor="{{party color, Forza Italia" , , align=left,

(FI), , 7,712,149, , 20.57, , 37, , rowspan="3", 15,027,030, , rowspan="3", 40.08, , 86, , 123{{efn, Including 3 deputies of the Union of the Centre (UdC), , −9 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, National Alliance (Italy)" , , align=left, National Alliance (AN), , 5,870,491, , 15.66, , 28, , 65, , 93, , −17 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Christian Democratic Centre" , , align="left, CCD – CDU , , 2,189,563, , 5.84, , 12, , 28, , 30{{efn, Including 19 deputies of CCD and 11 deputies of CDU, , +3 , - , colspan=4 align=left, Total seats, , 77 , , colspan="2", , , 169, , 246, , – , - , style="background:{{party color, Lega Nord;" , , colspan=3" align=left, Northern League (LN), , 3,776,354, , 10.07, , 20, , 4,038,239, , 10.77, , 39, , 59, , −59 , - , style="background:{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party;" , , colspan="3" align=left, Communist Refoundation Party (PRC), , 3,213,748, , 8.57, , 20, , 982,505, , 2.62, , 15, , 35, , −3 , - , style="background:{{party color, South Tyrolean People's Party;" , , colspan="3" align=left,

South Tyrolean People's Party The South Tyrolean People's Party (german: Südtiroler Volkspartei, SVP) is a regionalist and autonomist political party in South Tyrol, an autonomous province with a German-speaking majority in northern Italy. Founded on 8 May 1945, the SVP ha ...

(SVP), , {{N/A, , {{N/A, , 0, , 156,708, , 0.42, , 3, , 3, , ±0 , - , style="background:darkblue;" , , colspan="3" align=left,

Southern Action League The Southern Action League (''Lega d'Azione Meridionale'', LAM) is a regionalist far-right Italian political party active in Apulia, especially in Taranto. Its leader Giancarlo Cito, former member of the neo-fascism, post-fascist Italian Soci ...

(LAM), , 72,062, , 0.19, , 0, , 82,373, , 0.22, , 1, , 1, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Valdostan Union;" , , colspan="3" align=left,

Aosta Valley , Valdostan or Valdotainian it, Valdostano (man) it, Valdostana (woman)french: Valdôtain (man)french: Valdôtaine (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = Official languages , population_blank1 = Italian French ...

(VdA), , {{N/A, , {{N/A, , ''0'', , 37,431, , 0.10, , 1, , 1, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan="3" align=left, Others, , 1,635,796, , 4.39, , ''0'', , 1,223,368, , 3.78, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , colspan=4 align=left, Total, , 37,484,398, , 100.00, , 155, , 37,295,109, , 100.00, , 475, , 630, , {{n/a

Proportional and FPTP results

{, class=wikitable style="text-align:right" , +First-past-the-post , - !colspan=2, Parties and coalitions !Vote !% !Seats , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Pole for Freedoms" , , align="left" ,

(PpL) , align="right" , 15,027,030 , align="right" , 40.09 , align="right" , 169 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy)", , align="left" , The Olive Tree (Ulivo) , align="right" , 14,447,548 , align="right" , 38.54 , align="right" , 228 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Lega Nord", , align="left" , Northern League (LN) , align="right" , 4,038,239 , align="right" , 10.77 , align="right" , 39 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy)", , align="left" , The Olive Tree – Venetian Autonomy League (Ulivo–LAV) , align="right" , 997,534 , align="right" , 2.66 , align="right" , 14 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party" , , align="left" ,

Progressives Progressivism holds that it is possible to improve human societies through political action. As a political movement, progressivism seeks to advance the human condition through social reform based on purported advancements in science, techno ...

, align="right" , 982,505 , align="right" , 2.62 , align="right" , 15 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Tricolour Flame" , , align="left" ,

Tricolour Flame The Social Movement Tricolour Flame ( it, Movimento Sociale Fiamma Tricolore, MSFT), commonly known as Tricolour Flame (''Fiamma Tricolore''), is a neo-fascist political party in Italy. History The party was started by the more radical members ...

(FT) , align="right" , 624,558 , align="right" , 1.67 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy)", , align="left" , The Olive Tree – Sardinian Action Party (Ulivo–PSd'Az) , align="right" , 269,047 , align="right" , 0.72 , align="right" , 4 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, South Tyrolean People's Party", , align="left" ,

(SVP) , align="right" , 156,708 , align="right" , 0.42 , align="right" , 3 , - , bgcolor="darkblue" , , align="left" ,

(LAM) , align="right" , 82,373 , align="right" , 0.22 , align="right" , 1 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Pannella List", , align="left" , Pannella-Sgarbi List (LPS) , align="right" , 69,406 , align="right" , 0.19 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Clean Hands (MP) , align="right" , 68,443 , align="right" , 0.18 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian Socialist Party", , align="left" ,

Socialist Party Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...

(PS) , align="right" , 44,786 , align="right" , 0.12 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#F75D59" , , align="left" ,

Sardigna Natzione Sardigna Natzione Indipendentzia ("For the Independence of the Sardinian Nation"), also known as Sardigna Natzione or SN, is a minor separatism, separatist and socialism, socialist list of political parties in Sardinia, political party in Sardini ...

(SN) , align="right" , 42,246 , align="right" , 0.11 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Valdostan Union", , align="left" ,

(VdA) , align="right" , 37,431 , align="right" , 0.10 , align="right" , 1 , - , bgcolor="lightskyblue" , , align="left" ,

Democracy and Freedom Democracy and Freedom ( ca, Democràcia i Llibertat, DiL) was an electoral alliance in Catalonia established to contest the 2015 Spanish general election. It was formed by Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC), Democrats of Catalonia (DC) and ...

(DL) , align="right" , 33,326 , align="right" , 0.09 , align="right" , 1 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Renovation , align="right" , 28,988 , align="right" , 0.08 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="orange" , , align="left" ,

Humanist Party The Humanist International (also known as the International Humanist Party) is a consortium of political parties adhering to universal humanism (also known as Siloism, after the nickname of the movement's founder), founded in 1989 by over 40 na ...

(PU) , align="right" , 27,694 , align="right" , 0.07 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Italian Renaissance Movement (MRI) , align="right" , 24,074 , align="right" , 0.06 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#FFA700" , , align="left" ,

Union for South Tyrol The Citizens' Union for South Tyrol (german: BürgerUnion für Südtirol, BUfS), formerly Union for South Tyrol (''Union für Südtirol'', UfS), was a national conservatism, national-conservative List of political parties in South Tyrol, politica ...

(UfS) , align="right" , 23,032 , align="right" , 0.06 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="FFEB3B" , , align="left" , We Sicilians – Sicilian National Front (NS–FNS) , align="right" , 20,102 , align="right" , 0.05 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Pact for the Agro , align="right" , 18,836 , align="right" , 0.05 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party" , , align="left" , Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) , align="right" , 17,996 , align="right" , 0.05 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#228B22" , , align="left" ,

Greens Greens The Greens Greens (''Verdi Verdi'') is a liberal-environmentalist political party in Italy. The party is predominantly active in Piedmont. The party was founded in January 1991 by Maurizio Lupi, a physical education teacher and former member ...

, align="right" , 12,905 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Environmentalists , align="right" , 12,299 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Liberal Federalists (FL) , align="right" , 11,563 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy)" , , align="left" , Aosta Valley for the Olive Tree , align="right" , 11,526 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Social Democracy (DS) , align="right" , 9,760 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#0045AA" , , align="left" ,

North-East Union The North-East Union (''Unione Nord-Est'') was a Venetist political party active in Veneto. The party was formed in 1996 by splinters from Liga Veneta–Lega Nord led by Adriano Bertaso, a regional councillor. In the 1996 general election the p ...

(UNE) , align="right" , 9,669 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Independent Group Freedom (GIL) , align="right" , 8,805 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Natural Law Party" , , align="left" ,

Natural Law Party The Natural Law Party (NLP) is a transnational party founded in 1992 on "the principles of Transcendental Meditation", the laws of nature, and their application to all levels of government. At its peak, it was active in up to 74 countries; it con ...

(PLN) , align="right" , 7,708 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Moderates , align="right" , 6,208 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , New Energies , align="right" , 5,627 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , New Democracy (ND) , align="right" , 5,333 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Development and Legality , align="right" , 5,275 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , For Marche , align="right" , 4,317 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Resurgence of the South , align="right" , 4,291 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Free North Autonomy , align="right" , 4,013 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , New Ways , align="right" , 3,904 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , State of Friuli , align="right" , 3,345 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Liberist Solidary Alliance , align="right" , 3,219 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Ingenuity and Audacity , align="right" , 2,805 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Venetian Solidarity , align="right" , 2,655 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , South Pole Movement , align="right" , 2,310 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#4000FF" , , align="left" ,

Federalist Italian League The Federalist Italian League (''Lega Italiana Federalista'', LIF) was a short-lived federalist and liberal political party in Italy. History The party was founded by dissident members of Northern League on 13 February 1995, including Luigi Ne ...

(LIF) , align="right" , 2,268 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Trieste Women's Pact , align="right" , 2,121 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others" , , align="left" , Others , align="right" , 71,281 , align="right" , 0.19 , align="right" , 0 , - , align="left" colspan=2, Total , align="right" , 37,295,109 , align="right" , 100.00 , align="right" , 475 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="7", Source
Ministry of the Interior

{, class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" , +Proportional , - !colspan=2, Party !Votes !% !Seats , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Democratic Party of the Left", , align="left" ,

(PDS) , align="right" , 7,894,118 , align="right" , 21.06 , align="right" , 26 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Forza Italia" , , align="left" ,

(FI) , align="right" , 7,712,149 , align="right" , 20.57 , align="right" , 37 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, National Alliance (Italy)", , align="left" , National Alliance (AN) , align="right" , 5,870,491 , align="right" , 15.66 , align="right" , 28 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Lega Nord", , align="left" , Northern League (LN) , align="right" , 3,776,354 , align="right" , 10.07 , align="right" , 20 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party", , align="left" , Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) , align="right" , 3,213,748 , align="right" , 8.57 , align="right" , 20 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian People's Party (1994)", , align="left" ,

( PPI– UD– PRI– SVP) , align="right" , 2,554,072 , align="right" , 6.81 , align="right" , 4 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Christian Democratic Centre" , , align="left" , CCD – CDU , align="right" , 2,189,563 , align="right" , 5.84 , align="right" , 12 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian Renewal" , , align="left" ,

(RI) , align="right" , 1,627,380 , align="right" , 4.34 , align="right" , 8 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Federation of the Greens" , , align="left" ,

(FdV) , align="right" , 938,665 , align="right" , 2.50 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Pannella List", , align="left" , Pannella-Sgarbi List (LPS) , align="right" , 702,988 , align="right" , 1.88 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Tricolour Flame" , , align="left" ,

(FT) , align="right" , 339,351 , align="right" , 0.91 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian Socialist Party", , align="left" ,

(PS) , align="right" , 149,441 , align="right" , 0.40 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="darkblue" , , align="left" ,

(LAM) , align="right" , 72,062 , align="right" , 0.19 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#0045AA" , , align="left" ,

(UNE) , align="right" , 63,934 , align="right" , 0.17 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#FFA700" , , align="left" ,

(UfS) , align="right" , 55,548 , align="right" , 0.15 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Clean Hands (MP) , align="right" , 44,935 , align="right" , 0.12 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#FFEB3B" , , align="left" , We Sicilians – Sicilian National Front (NS–FNS) , align="right" , 41,001 , align="right" , 0.11 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Sardinian Action Party", , align="left" , Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az) , align="right" , 38,002 , align="right" , 0.10 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#228B22" , , align="left" ,

, align="right" , 25,788 , align="right" , 0.07 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#F75D59" , , align="left" ,

(SN) , align="right" , 23,355 , align="right" , 0.06 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Independent Group Freedom , align="right" , 17,451 , align="right" , 0.05 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Environmentalists , align="right" , 15,560 , align="right" , 0.04 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="orange" , , align="left" ,

(PU) , align="right" , 14,601 , align="right" , 0.04 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Renovation , align="right" , 13,677 , align="right" , 0.04 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Pact for the Agro , align="right" , 12,297 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Social Democracy , align="right" , 9,319 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Italian Renaissance Movement (MRI) , align="right" , 8,886 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="red" , , align="left" ,

Tuscan Autonomist Movement The Tuscan Autonomist Movement ( it, Movimento Autonomista Toscano, abbr. MAT) is a list of political parties in Italy, political party active in Tuscany, led by Alessandro Mazzerelli. History The party was founded in 1989 by Alessandro Mazzerell ...

(MAT) , align="right" , 8,627 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Natural Law Party" , , align="left" ,

(PLN) , align="right" , 8,298 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , New Democracy , align="right" , 8,185 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Liberal Federalists (FL) , align="right" , 6,475 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , For Marche , align="right" , 5,545 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , New Energies , align="right" , 5,393 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Development and Legality , align="right" , 5,347 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Free North Autonomy , align="right" , 4,965 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="blue" , , align="left" ,

Federalist Party The Federalist Party was a Conservatism in the United States, conservative political party which was the first political party in the United States. As such, under Alexander Hamilton, it dominated the national government from 1789 to 1801. De ...

(PF) , align="right" , 3,743 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Resurgence of the South , align="right" , 3,084 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , align="left" colspan=2, Total , align="right" , 100.00 , align="right" , 37,484,398 , align="right" , 155 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="2", Invalid/blank/unassigned votes, , –, , 2,917,376, , – , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="2", Total, , –, , 40,401,774, , – , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="2", Registered voters/turnout, , 82.88%, , 48,744,846, , – , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="7", Source
Ministry of the Interior

{{Bar box , title=Popular vote (Proportional) , titlebar=#ddd , width=550px , barwidth=500px , bars= {{Bar percent,

PDS PD, P.D., or Pd may refer to: Arts and media * ''People's Democracy'' (newspaper), weekly organ of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) * ''The Plain Dealer'', a Cleveland, Ohio, US newspaper * Post Diaspora, a time frame in the ''Honorverse'' ...

, {{party color, Democratic Party of the Left, 21.06 {{Bar percent, FI, {{party color, Forza Italia, 20.57 {{Bar percent, AN, {{party color, National Alliance (Italy), 15.66 {{Bar percent, LN, {{party color, Lega Nord, 10.07 {{Bar percent,

PRC China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

, {{party color, Communist Refoundation Party, 8.57 {{Bar percent, Popolari, {{party color, Italian People's Party (1994), 6.81 {{Bar percent, CCD- CDU, {{party color, Union of the Centre (2002), 5.84 {{Bar percent, RI, {{party color, Italian Renewal, 4.34 {{Bar percent, FdV, {{party color, Federation of the Greens, 2.50 {{Bar percent, LPS, gold, 1.88 {{Bar percent, Others, {{party color, Other, 2.68 {{Bar box , title=Popular vote (First-past-the-post) , titlebar=#ddd , width=550px , barwidth=500px , bars= {{Bar percent,

Ulivo The Olive Tree ( it, L'Ulivo) was a denomination used for several successive centre-left politics, centre-left political alliance, political and electoral alliances of List of political parties in Italy, Italian political parties from 1995 to 20 ...

, {{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy), 41.92 {{Bar percent, PpL, {{party color, Pole of Freedoms, 40.09 {{Bar percent, LN, {{party color, Lega Nord, 10.77 {{Bar percent,

, {{party color, Communist Refoundation Party, 2.62 {{Bar percent, FT, {{party color, Tricolour Flame, 1.67 {{Bar percent, Others, {{party color, Other, 3.65

Senate of the Republic

{, class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" , + {{nowrap, ← Summary of the 21 April 1996 Senate of the Republic election results → , - , colspan="10", Italian Senate, 1996

, - !align=left colspan=2 rowspan=2, Coalition !colspan=2 rowspan=2, Party !colspan="3" align="center" valign=top, First-past-the-post !rowspan=2, Proportional
Seats !rowspan=2, Total
seats !align=left rowspan=2, +/– , - !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, Votes !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, % !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, Seats , - , rowspan="8" style="background:{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy);", , style="text-align:left;" rowspan=8", The Olive Tree , bgcolor="{{party color, Democratic Party of the Left" , , align=left,

(PDS), , rowspan="7", 13,444,978, , rowspan="7", 41.21, , rowspan="7", 134, , rowspan="7", 23, , 102{{efn, Including five senators of the Labour Federation (FL) and four senators of the

(CS), , +26 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian People's Party (1994)" , , align=left, Italian People's Party (PPI), , 27, , −4 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Federation of the Greens" , , align=left,

(FdV), , 14, , +7 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian Renewal" , , align=left,

(RI), , 11{{efn, Including five senators of the Italian Socialists (SI), one senator of

(PS) and one senator of the

(MID) , , ''New'' , - , bgcolor="#DF0174" , , align=left,

(LR), , 1, , −5 , - , bgcolor="gold" , , align=left, Venetian Autonomy League (LAV), , 1, , +1 , - , bgcolor="#282828" , , align=left, Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az), , 1, , +1 , - , colspan=6 align=left, Total seats, , 157, , – , - , rowspan="5" bgcolor="{{party color, Pole for Freedoms", , style="text-align:left;" rowspan="5",

, bgcolor="{{party color, Forza Italia" , , align=left,

(FI), , rowspan="4", 12,185,020, , rowspan="4", 37.35, , rowspan="4", 67, , rowspan="4", 49, , 48{{efn, Including two senators of the Union of the Centre (UdC), , +13 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, National Alliance (Italy)" , , align=left, National Alliance (AN), , 43, , −4 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Christian Democratic Centre" , , align="left" ,

(CCD), , 15, , +3 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, United Christian Democrats" , , align="left" ,

(CDU), , 10, , ''New'' , - , colspan=6 align=left, Total seats, , 116, , – , - , style="background:{{party color, Lega Nord;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Northern League (LN), , 3,394,733, , 10.41, , 18, , 9, , 27, , −33 , - , style="background:{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

, , 934,974, , 2.87, , 10, , 0, , 10, , −8 , - , style="background:{{party color, Tricolour Flame;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

(FT), , 747,487, , 2.29, , 0, , 1, , 1, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Pannella List;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Pannella-Sgarbi List (LPS), , 509,826, , 1.56, , 0, , 1, , 1, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Italian Socialist Party;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

(PS), , 286,426, , 0.88, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, South Tyrolean People's Party;" , , colspan=3 align=left, The Fir –

– PATT, , 178,425, , 0.55, , 2, , 0, , 2, , −1 , - , style="background:#4AA02C;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Clean Hands, , 109,113, , 0.33, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#0087BD;" , , colspan=3 align=left, League for Autonomy – Lombard Alliance, , 106,313, , 0.33, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#0045AA;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

(UNE), , 72,541, , 0.22, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#FFEB3B;" , , colspan=3 align=left, We Sicilians – Sicilian National Front (NS–FNS), , 71,841, , 0.22, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#00008B;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

(LAM), , 66,750, , 0.20, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , style="background:#228B22;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

, , 61,434, , 0.19, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Pensioners' Party (Italy);" , , colspan=3 align=left,

Pensioners' Party Pensioners' Party or Party of Pensioners is a name commonly adopted by political organizations composed primarily of people who have a pension (generally elderly retirees) and who are interested in issues affecting their demographic group. However, ...

(PP), , 60,640, , 0.19, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , style="background:#0000FF;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Social Democracy, , 60,016, , 0.18, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Federation of Italian Civic Lists, , 55,793, , 0.17, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#E04C38;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

(SN), , 44,713, , 0.14, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Valdostan Union;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

(VdA), , 27,493, , 0.08, , 1, , 0, , 1, , ±0 , - , style="background:#FFFF00;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Piedmont Nation of Europe, , 26,951, , 0.08, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Environmentalists, , 26,756, , 0.08, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Independent Group Freedom (GIL), , 23,301, , 0.07, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#FFA700;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

(UfS), , 19,330, , 0.06, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#FF0000;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

(MAT), , 18,691, , 0.06, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Pact for the Agro, , 17,980, , 0.06, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Renovation, , 16,216, , 0.05, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Right of the People, , 6,710, , 0.02, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Natural Law Party;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

(PLN), , 10,371, , 0.03, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Democrats for Progress, , 5,688, , 0.02, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Communist Refoundation Party (PRC), , 5,681, , 0.02, , 0, , 0, , 0, , {{n/a , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Popular Movement of Moralization (MPM), , 5,297, , 0.02, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Azure Alps, , 5,144, , 0.02, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Democratic Alternative for the Roman Castles, , 4,524, , 0.01, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#ADD8E6;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Progressive People's Party (PPP), , 4,450, , 0.01, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, For a Normal Country, , 3,976, , 0.01, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, European Dolomite Region, , 2,898, , 0.01, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Free North Autonomy, , 2,411, , 0.01, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Hit the Center, , 2,178, , 0.01, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , colspan=4 align=left, Total, , 32,624,584, , 100.00, , 232, , 83, , 315, , {{n/a , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="11", Source
Ministry of the Interior
{{Bar box , title=Popular vote , titlebar=#ddd , width=550px , barwidth=500px , bars= {{Bar percent,

, {{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy), 41.21 {{Bar percent, PpL, {{party color, Pole of Freedoms, 37.35 {{Bar percent, LN, {{party color, Lega Nord, 10.41 {{Bar percent, Prog., {{party color, Communist Refoundation Party, 2.87 {{Bar percent, FT, {{party color, Tricolour Flame, 2.29 {{Bar percent, LPS, gold, 1.56 {{Bar percent, Others, {{party color, Other, 5.63

Notes

{{notelist

References

{{reflist

External links

*{{in lang, it}
Minister of Internal Affairs of Italy: 1996 Election Results, Chamber of Deputies
(compressed ZIP file) *{{in lang, it}
Minister of Internal Affairs of Italy: 1996 Election Results, Senate of the Republic
(compressed ZIP file) {{Elections in Italy {{DEFAULTSORT:Italian General Election,1996

General election A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...

April 1996 events in Europe

1996 File:1996 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: A Centennial Olympic Park bombing, bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, set off by a radical Anti-abortion violence, anti-abortionist; The center fuel tank explodes on TWA Flight 8 ...