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Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (; 9 September 1918 – 29 January 2012) was the president of Italy from 1992 to 1999. A member of Christian Democracy (DC), he became an independent politician after the DC's dissolution in 1992, and was close to the centre-left Democratic Party when it was founded in 2007. Biography Scalfaro was born in Novara, Province of Novara, on 9 September 1918,Page at Senate website . son of Guglielmo, Barone Scalfaro (born , 21 December 1888) and wife Rosalia Ussino. He was raised in a religious atmosphere. He became a member of the association Azione Cattolica (Catholic Action) at the age of 12 and kept its badge on his lapel until his death. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Italy
The president of Italy, officially denoted as president of the Italian Republic ( it, Presidente della Repubblica Italiana) is the head of state of Italy. In that role, the president represents national unity, and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Constitution. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Italian Armed Forces and chairs the High Council of the Judiciary. A president's term of office lasts for seven years. The incumbent president is former constitutional judge Sergio Mattarella, who was elected on 31 January 2015, and re-elected on 29 January 2022. Qualifications for office The framers of the Constitution of Italy intended for the president to be an elder statesman of some stature. Article 84 states that any Italian citizen who is fifty or older on election day and enjoys civil and political rights can be elected president. The article also states that the presidency is incompatible with any other office; therefore, the president-elect mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franco Maria Malfatti
Franco Maria Malfatti (; 13 June 1927 – 10 December 1991) was an Italian politician who served as the 3rd President of the European Commission from 1970 to 1972. He served at Italian level as Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1979 to 1980 and Italian Minister of Education from 1973 to 1978. Biography Malfatti was born in Rome to parents who were from the province of Rieti. He was an important member of the governing council of Democrazia Cristiana (the Christian Democratic party) in which he became chief of political bureau, and covered several institutional charges. In Democrazia Cristiana, he was a member of Dossetti's lobby, together with Amintore Fanfani, Aldo Moro, and Giorgio La Pira. In 1951 he was elected national representative for young members; in 1958 he was elected deputy for the district of Rieti and Umbria. He served as minister for Foreign Affairs (1979–80), Finance (1978–79), Education, Industry, State holdings, and Telecommunications. He was als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constituent Assembly Of Italy
The Italian Constituent Assembly (Italian: ''Assemblea Costituente della Repubblica Italiana'') was a parliamentary chamber which existed in Italy from 25 June 1946 until 31 January 1948. It was tasked with writing a constitution for the Italian Republic, which had replaced the Kingdom of Italy after the 1946 Italian institutional referendum. The assembly was formed by the representatives of all the anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during the Italian Civil War. History On 2 June 1946 the first free election since 1924, was held in Italy. The vote was allowed to all over 21, females being allowed to vote for the first time. Voters received both a ballot for the choice between Republic or Monarchy, and one for the election of the deputies of the new Constituent Assembly; the latter would have the task to write a new constitutional chart, as established by a decree of 16 March 1946. The referendum was won by a move to a Republic with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Italian Constituencies (1946–1994)
This is a list of Italian constituencies from 1946 to present. For the election of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, since 1993 Italy is divided in 27 districts called ''circoscrizioni''. However, the distribution of seats being calculated at national level, districts serve only to choose the single candidates inside the party lists. During the election of the Italian Senate, according to the Constitution, each Region is a single district, without connections at national level. During the Regional elections, the districts correspond to the Provinces, even if some seats are allocated at regional level. For the Provincial elections, a special system is used, based on ''localized lists'': even if the competition is disputed on provincial level, candidates are presented in single-member districts, and their final position inside each party list depends by the percentage of votes they received in their own districts. Finally, for the Communal elections no districts are used. Electoral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Deputies (Italy)
The Chamber of Deputies ( it, Camera dei deputati) is the lower house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Senate of the Republic). The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately. The Chamber of Deputies has 400 seats, of which 392 will be elected from Italian constituencies, and 8 from Italian citizens living abroad. Deputies are styled ''The Honourable'' (Italian: ''Onorevole'') and meet at Palazzo Montecitorio. Location The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is the ''Palazzo Montecitorio'', where it has met since 1871, shortly after the capital of the Kingdom of Italy was moved to Rome at the successful conclusion of the Italian unification ''Risorgimento'' movement. Previously, the seat of the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy had been briefly at the ''Palazzo Carignano'' in Turin (1861–1865) and the ''Palazzo Vecchio'' in Florence (1865–1871). Under the Fascist regime o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ex Officio
An ''ex officio'' member is a member of a body (notably a board, committee, council) who is part of it by virtue of holding another office. The term '' ex officio'' is Latin, meaning literally 'from the office', and the sense intended is 'by right of office'; its use dates back to the Roman Republic. According to ''Robert's Rules of Order'', the term denotes only how one becomes a member of a body. Accordingly, the rights of an ''ex officio'' member are exactly the same as other members unless otherwise stated in regulations or bylaws. It relates to the notion that the position refers to the position the ex officio holds, rather than the individual that holds the position. In some groups, ''ex officio'' members may frequently abstain from voting. Opposite notions are dual mandate, when the same person happens to hold two offices or more, although these offices are not in themselves associated; and personal union, when two states share the same monarch. For profit and nonprofit u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senators For Life In Italy
Senators for life in Italy ( it, senatori a vita) are members of the Italian Senate who are either appointed, limited in number up to five, by the Italian President "for outstanding patriotic merits in the social, scientific, artistic or literary field" or are former presidents and thus senators for life ''ex officio''. Every president of the Italian Republic has made at least one appointment of a senator for life, with the exception of Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (since in his term there were more than five). President Giorgio Napolitano appointed Professor Mario Monti on 9 November 2011 and conductor Claudio Abbado, researcher Elena Cattaneo, architect Renzo Piano and Nobel-laureate physicist Carlo Rubbia on 30 August 2013. The president who appointed the highest number of senators for life was Luigi Einaudi, who made eight appointments during his term. Senators for life are the only senators who can decide not to be part of any political group. Limitations The Italian Constitution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of The Republic (Italy)
The Senate of the Republic ( it, Senato della Repubblica), or simply the Senate ( it, Senato), is the upper house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Chamber of Deputies). The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately. Pursuant to the Articles 57, 58, and 59 of the Italian Constitution, the Senate has 200 elective members, of which 196 are elected from Italian constituencies, and 4 from Italian citizens living abroad. Furthermore, there is a small number (currently 6) of senators for life (''senatori a vita''), either appointed or ''ex officio''. It was established in its current form on 8 May 1948, but previously existed during the Kingdom of Italy as ''Senato del Regno'' ( Senate of the Kingdom), itself a continuation of the ''Senato Subalpino'' ( Subalpine Senate) of Sardinia established on 8 May 1848. Members of the Senate are styled '' Senator'' or ''The Honourable Senator'' (Ital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mariano Rumor
Mariano Rumor (; 16 June 1915 – 22 January 1990) was an Italian politician and statesman. A member of the Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy (DC), he served as the List of prime ministers of Italy, 39th Prime Minister of Italy from December 1968 to August 1970 and again from July 1973 to November 1974. As Prime Minister, he led five different governments, supported by various coalitions. Rumor served as Italian Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Agriculture from 1959 to 1963, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1974 to 1976, and Italian Minister of the Interior, Minister of the Interior in two brief periods, in 1963 and from 1972 to 1973. Rumor was the DC List of Secretaries of Christian Democracy (Italy), secretary from 1964 to 1969. Early life and career Mariano Rumor was born in Vicenza, Veneto on 16 June 1915. His father, Giuseppe Rumor, was the owner of a typography and promoter of a local magazine, "The Catholic Worker" f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mario Scelba
Mario Scelba (5 September 1901 – 29 October 1991) was an Italian politician who served as the 33rd prime minister of Italy from February 1954 to July 1955. A founder of the Christian Democracy, Scelba was one of the longest-serving Minister of the Interior in the history of the republic, having served at the Viminale Palace in three distinct terms from 1947 to 1962. A fervent pro-Europeanist, he was also President of the European Parliament from March 1969 to March 1971. Known for his law and order policies, Scelba was a key figure in Italy's post-war reconstruction, thanks to his drastic reorganization of the Italian police, which came out heavily disorganised from the war. Early life Scelba was born in Caltagirone, Sicily, in 1901. His father Gaetano Scelba was poor sharecropper on land owned by the priest Don Luigi Sturzo, while his mother Maria Gambino was a housewife., ''Time Magazine'', February 22, 1954, ''Time Magazine'', April 4, 1955 The couple had five children, on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretary Of The Council Of Ministers (Italy)
The secretary of the Council of Ministers ( it, Segretario del Consiglio dei Ministri) is a senior member of the Italian Cabinet. The secretary is one of the undersecretaries of state to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers but, unlike them, he sits in the Cabinet and helps the prime minister in coordinating the government and its meetings. Thus, the secretary is usually a person very close to the prime minister. The secretary of the Council of Ministers, which may not be confused with the largely ceremonial office of Deputy Prime Minister (not all Italian Cabinets include one), resembles that of the White House chief of staff. The current secretary of the Council of Ministers is Alfredo Mantovano, appointed on 22 October 2022 in the government led by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Leone
Giovanni Leone (; 3 November 1908 – 9 November 2001) was an Italian politician, jurist, and university professor. A founding member of the Christian Democracy (DC), Leone served as the President of Italy from December 1971 until June 1978. He also briefly served as Prime Minister of Italy from June to December 1963 and again from June to December 1968. He was also the president of the Chamber of Deputies from May 1955 until June 1963. Leone was the first Italian president to resign for a scandal. In 1978, he was accused of bribery amid the Lockheed bribery scandals; however, the allegations were later declared false and Leone was completely rehabilitated. Early years Leone was born in Naples in 1908 to Mauro Leone and Maria Gioffredi, both from Pomigliano d'Arco, his father, Mauro Leone, was a prominent lawyer, and had participated in the foundation of the Italian People's Party in Campania. Leone grew up in Pomigliano d'Arco, where he attended the classic lyceum, graduat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
