Events

January

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engl ...

– The British authorities in India arrest and intern

Mahatma Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist Quote: "... marks Gandhi as a hybrid cosmopolitan figure who transformed ... anti- ...

and

Vallabhbhai Patel Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (; ; 31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), commonly known as Sardar, was an Indian lawyer, influential political leader, barrister and statesman who served as the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of I ...

. *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin ...

– Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist

Lee Bong-chang Lee Bong-chang (August 10, 1900 – October 10, 1932) was a Korean independence activist during the Japanese occupation of Korea. In 1932, he attempted unsuccessfully to assassinate Japanese emperor Hirohito with a hand grenade, which became known ...

fails in his effort to assassinate Emperor

Hirohito Emperor , commonly known in English-speaking countries by his personal name , was the 124th emperor of Japan, ruling from 25 December 1926 until his death in 1989. Hirohito and his wife, Empress Kōjun, had two sons and five daughters; he was ...

of Japan. The

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Ta ...

's official newspaper runs an editorial expressing regret that the attempt failed, which is used by the Japanese as a pretext to attack Shanghai later in the month. *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw ...

– The

1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising ''La Matanza'' (Spanish for "The Massacre") refers to a communist- indigenous rebellion in El Salvador that took place between 22 and 25 January 1932. It was succeeded by large-scale government killings in western El Salvador, which resulte ...

begins; it is suppressed by the government of

Maximiliano Hernández Martínez Maximiliano Hernández Martínez (20 October 1882 – 15 May 1966) was a Salvadoran military officer and politician who served as the president of El Salvador from 4 December 1931 to 28 August 1934 in an acting capacity and again in an officia ...

. *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Counc ...

– Marshal

Pietro Badoglio Pietro Badoglio, 1st Duke of Addis Abeba, 1st Marquess of Sabotino (, ; 28 September 1871 – 1 November 1956), was an Italian general during both World Wars and the first viceroy of Italian East Africa. With the fall of the Fascist regime ...

declares the end of

Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Suda ...

n resistance. *

January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...

– British submarine sinks with all 60 hands. *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...

– January 28 incident: Conflict between Japan and China in Shanghai. *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. *1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...

– Japanese warships arrive in

Nanking Nanjing (; , Mandarin pronunciation: ), alternately romanized as Nanking, is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China. It is a sub-provincial city, a megacity, and the second largest city in the East China region. T ...

February

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: ...

** A general

World Disarmament Conference The Conference for the Reduction and Limitation of Armaments, generally known as the Geneva Conference or World Disarmament Conference, was an international conference of states held in Geneva, Switzerland, between February 1932 and November 1934 ...

begins in

Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situa ...

. The principal issue at the conference is the demand made by Germany for ("equality of status" i.e. abolishing Part V of the Treaty of Versailles, which had disarmed Germany) and the French demand for ("security" i.e. maintaining Part V). ** The

League of Nations The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference th ...

again recommends negotiations between the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeas ...

and Japan. ** The

Reconstruction Finance Corporation The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was a government corporation administered by the United States Federal Government between 1932 and 1957 that provided financial support to state and local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, mortga ...

begins operations in Washington, D.C. *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrelling ...

** The

1932 Winter Olympics The 1932 Winter Olympics, officially known as the III Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Lake Placid 1932, were a winter multi-sport event in the United States, held in Lake Placid, New York, United States. The games opened on February ...

open in

Lake Placid, New York Lake Placid is a village in the Adirondack Mountains in Essex County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,303. The village of Lake Placid is near the center of the town of North Elba, southwest of Plattsburgh ...

. ** Japan occupies

Harbin Harbin (; mnc, , v=Halbin; ) is a sub-provincial city and the provincial capital and the largest city of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, as well as the second largest city by urban population after Shenyang and largest c ...

, China. *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. *1539 – The first recorded race is held ...

–

League of Blood Incident was a 1932 assassination plot in Japan in which extremists targeted wealthy businessmen and liberal politicians. The group chose twenty victims but succeeded in killing only two: former Finance Minister and head of the Rikken Minseitō political ...

Junnosuke Inoue was a Japanese financier and statesman of the Taisho and Showa eras. He was the 9th and 11th Governor of the Bank of Japan (BOJ). Biography Inoue was born in Ōita Prefecture. A graduate of the Imperial University of Tokyo. In 1896, he entere ...

, prominent Japanese businessman, banker and former governor of the Bank of Japan is assassinated by the right-wing extremist group the League of Blood. *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

–

Pope Pius XI Pope Pius XI ( it, Pio XI), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939), was head of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to his death in February 1939. He was the first sovereign of Vatican City f ...

meets

Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in ...

Vatican City Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—' * german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ') * pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—' * pt, Cidade do Vati ...

. *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tib ...

– ''Clara, Lu & Em'', generally regarded as the first daytime network

soap opera A soap opera, or ''soap'' for short, is a typically long-running radio or television Serial (radio and television), serial, frequently characterized by melodrama, ensemble casts, and sentimentality. The term "soap opera" originated from radio drama ...

, debuts in its morning time slot over the

Blue Network The Blue Network (previously known as the NBC Blue Network) was the on-air name of a now defunct American radio network, which broadcast from 1927 through 1945. Beginning as one of the two radio networks owned by the National Broadcasting Comp ...

NBC The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network. The flagship property of the NBC Entertainment division of NBCUniversal, a division of Comcast, its headquarters are l ...

Radio in the United States, having originally been a late evening program. *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 *1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. * 1268 &n ...

– Japan declares

Manchukuo Manchukuo, officially the State of Manchuria prior to 1934 and the Empire of (Great) Manchuria after 1934, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Manchuria from 1932 until 1945. It was founded as a republic in 1932 after the Japanese ...

(Japanese name for

Manchuria Manchuria is an exonym (derived from the endo demonym " Manchu") for a historical and geographic region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China (Inner Manchuria) and parts of the Russian Far East (Outer M ...

) formally independent from China. *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. * ...

–

Women's suffrage Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. Beginning in the start of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to grant women the right to vot ...

is granted in Brazil. *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 *138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. * ...

–

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and the ...

obtains German citizenship by

naturalization Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-citizen of a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country. It may be done automatically by a statute, i.e., without any effort on the part of the in ...

, opening the opportunity for him to run in the

1932 German presidential election Presidential elections were held in Germany on 13 March 1932, with a runoff on 10 April. Independent incumbent Paul von Hindenburg won a second seven-year term against Adolf Hitler of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP). Communis ...

. *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantin ...

– The

Mäntsälä rebellion The Mäntsälä rebellion ( fi, Mäntsälän kapina, ) was a failed coup attempt by the Lapua Movement to overthrow the Finnish government. On 27 February 1932 some 400 armed members of the '' Suojeluskunta'' militia interrupted a meeting o ...

occurs in Finland.

March

March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Dioclet ...

Lindbergh kidnapping On March 1, 1932, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. (born June 22, 1930), the 20-month-old son of aviators Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, was abducted from his crib in the upper floor of the Lindberghs' home, Highfields, in East Am ...

: Charles Lindbergh Jr., the infant son of

Anne Morrow Lindbergh Anne Spencer Morrow Lindbergh (June 22, 1906 – February 7, 2001) was an American writer and aviator. She was the wife of decorated pioneer aviator Charles Lindbergh, with whom she made many exploratory flights. Raised in Englewood, New Jerse ...

and

Charles Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist. On May 20–21, 1927, Lindbergh made the first nonstop flight from New York City to Paris, a distance o ...

, is kidnapped from the family home near

Hopewell, New Jersey Hopewell is a borough in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. This historical settlement is located within the heart of the Raritan Valley region. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 1,918, a decreas ...

. ** Japan installs

Puyi Aisin-Gioro Puyi (; 7 February 1906 – 17 October 1967), courtesy name Yaozhi (曜之), was the last emperor of China as the eleventh and final Qing dynasty monarch. He became emperor at the age of two in 1908, but was forced to abdicate on 1 ...

as puppet emperor of

. *

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome (537–38), Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoths, Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Piazza del Popolo, Flaminian Gate; he a ...

– The

ends in failure; Finnish democracy prevails. The Lapua Movement is condemned by conservative Finnish President

Pehr Evind Svinhufvud Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad (; 15 December 1861 – 29 February 1944) was the third president of Finland from 1931 to 1937. Serving as a lawyer, judge, and politician in the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland, he played a major role in the ...

in a radio speech. *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. *1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern j ...

–

Dan Takuma was a Japanese businessman who was Director-General of Mitsui, one of the leading Japanese zaibatsu (family conglomerates). He was a graduate of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was married to the younger sister of statesman Kaneko Ken ...

, prominent Japanese businessman and director of the

Mitsui is one of the largest ''keiretsu'' in Japan and one of the largest corporate groups in the world. The major companies of the group include Mitsui & Co. ( general trading company), Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Nippon Paper Industries ...

Zaibatsu is a Japanese term referring to industrial and financial vertically integrated business conglomerates in the Empire of Japan, whose influence and size allowed control over significant parts of the Japanese economy from the Meiji period unt ...

'' conglomerate is assassinated by the radical right-wing League of Blood group. *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. *1226 &ndas ...

–

Éamon de Valera Éamon de Valera (, ; first registered as George de Valero; changed some time before 1901 to Edward de Valera; 14 October 1882 – 29 August 1975) was a prominent Irish statesman and political leader. He served several terms as head of govern ...

is elected

President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State The president of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State ( ga, Uachtarán ar Ard-Chomhairle Shaorstát Éireann) was the head of government or prime minister of the Irish Free State which existed from 1922 to 1937. He was the chairman of t ...

, the first change of government in the country since its foundation 10 years previously. *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. *1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Hugu ...

–

George Eastman George Eastman (July 12, 1854March 14, 1932) was an American entrepreneur who founded the Eastman Kodak Company and helped to bring the photographic use of roll film into the mainstream. He was a major philanthropist, establishing the Eastman ...

, founder of

Kodak The Eastman Kodak Company (referred to simply as Kodak ) is an American public company that produces various products related to its historic basis in analogue photography. The company is headquartered in Rochester, New York, and is incorpor ...

, commits suicide in

Rochester, New York Rochester () is a City (New York), city in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York, the county seat, seat of Monroe County, New York, Monroe County, and the fourth-most populous in the state after New York City, Buffalo, New York, Buffalo, ...

. *

March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...

– Peace negotiations between China and Japan begin. *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...

– The

Sydney Harbour Bridge The Sydney Harbour Bridge is a steel through arch bridge in Sydney, spanning Port Jackson, Sydney Harbour from the Sydney central business district, central business district (CBD) to the North Shore (Sydney), North Shore. The view of the bridg ...

opens in Australia. *

March 20 Events Pre-1600 * 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka. * 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. * 1600 – The Link ...

– The '' Graf Zeppelin'' airship begins a regular route between Germany and South America. *

March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...

– 22 – 1932 Deep South tornado outbreak: A series of deadly tornadoes in the United States kills more than 220 people in

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = " Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County , LargestMetro = Greater Birmingham , area_total_km2 = 135,7 ...

, 34 in

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

and 17 in

Tennessee Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 36th-largest by ...

April

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his ...

** 10,000 disgruntled Newfoundlanders march on their legislature to show discontent with their current political situation; this is a flash point in the demise of the

Dominion of Newfoundland Newfoundland was a British dominion in eastern North America, today the modern Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It was established on 26 September 1907, and confirmed by the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westmi ...

. ** The first

Alko Alko Inc is the national alcoholic beverage retailing monopoly in Finland. It is the only store in the country which retails beer over 5.5% ABV, wine (except in vineyards) and spirits. Alcoholic beverages are also sold in licensed restaurant ...

stores are opened in Finland at 10 in the morning (local time) following the end of Prohibition in that country, resulting in a new

mnemonic A mnemonic ( ) device, or memory device, is any learning technique that aids information retention or retrieval (remembering) in the human memory for better understanding. Mnemonics make use of elaborative encoding, retrieval cues, and image ...

"543210". *

April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. *13 ...

** U.S. president

Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Gre ...

supports armament limitations at the

. ** The trial of fraudulent art dealer Otto Wacker begins in Berlin. *

April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. *1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. *1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrare ...

–

Paul von Hindenburg Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (; abbreviated ; 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German field marshal and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany fr ...

is re-elected as '' Reichspräsident'', defeating Hitler. *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. 1601–1900 *1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...

– German Chancellor

Heinrich Brüning Heinrich Aloysius Maria Elisabeth Brüning (; 26 November 1885 – 30 March 1970) was a German Centre Party politician and academic, who served as the chancellor of Germany during the Weimar Republic from 1930 to 1932. A political scienti ...

bans the SA and the SS as threats to public order, arguing that they are chiefly responsible for the wave of political violence afflicting Germany. *

April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor O ...

– John Cockcroft and

Ernest Walton Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton (6 October 1903 – 25 June 1995) was an Irish physicist and Nobel laureate. He is best known for his work with John Cockcroft to construct one of the earliest types of particle accelerator, the Cockcroft–Walton ...

focus a proton beam on lithium and split its nucleus. *

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. * 1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Has ...

–

Haile Selassie Haile Selassie I ( gez, ቀዳማዊ ኀይለ ሥላሴ, Qädamawi Häylä Səllasé, ; born Tafari Makonnen; 23 July 189227 August 1975) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (' ...

announces an anti-

slavery Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to perf ...

law in

Abyssinia The Ethiopian Empire (), also formerly known by the exonym Abyssinia, or just simply known as Ethiopia (; Amharic and Tigrinya: ኢትዮጵያ , , Oromo: Itoophiyaa, Somali: Itoobiya, Afar: ''Itiyoophiyaa''), was an empire that historica ...

. *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...

– German art dealer Otto Wacker is sentenced to 19 months in prison for selling

fraudulent In law, fraud is intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate civil law (e.g., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to avoid the fraud or recover monetary compens ...

paintings he attributed to

Vincent van Gogh Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2,100 artworks, inc ...

. *

April 25 Events Pre-1600 *404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...

Gladys Elinor Watkins Gladys Elinor Watkins (20 October 1884 – 30 October 1939) was a New Zealand music teacher, singer, and pianist. However, she is most notable for being the first official carillonneur of the National War Memorial Carillon in Wellington. Earl ...

consecrates the

carillon A carillon ( , ) is a pitched percussion instrument that is played with a keyboard and consists of at least 23 cast-bronze bells. The bells are hung in fixed suspension and tuned in chromatic order so that they can be sounded harmoni ...

of the National War Memorial in New Zealand. ** The bodies of Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman and

Jabir ibn Abd Allah Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn Ḥarām al-Anṣārī ( ar, جابر بن عبدالله بن عمرو بن حرام الأنصاري, died 697 CE/78 AH), was a prominent companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Life Early life Jab ...

, two of the companions of Islamic prophet

Muhammad Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the mon ...

, are moved from their graves in Salmaan Paak following a dream of King

Faisal I of Iraq Faisal I bin Al-Hussein bin Ali Al-Hashemi ( ar, فيصل الأول بن الحسين بن علي الهاشمي, ''Faysal el-Evvel bin al-Ḥusayn bin Alī el-Hâşimî''; 20 May 1885 – 8 September 1933) was King of the Arab Kingdom of Syria ...

that they are affected by water. *

April 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. * 1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and b ...

– Korean pro-independence paramilitary Yun Bong-gil detonates a bomb at a gathering of Japanese government and military officials in

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Chinese, Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four Direct-administered municipalities of China, direct-administered municipalities of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the ...

Hongkou Park Lu Xun Park, formerly Hongkou (Hongkew) Park, is a municipal park in Hongkou District of Shanghai, China. It is located on 146 East Jiangwan Road, right behind Hongkou Football Stadium. It is bounded by Guangzhong Road to the north, Ouyang Road ...

, killing General

Yoshinori Shirakawa was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. Biography Early life and education Shirakawa was born as the third son of an ex-''samurai'' of Matsuyama Domain in Iyo, Ehime, Shikoku. He attended Matsuyama Middle School, but was forced to leave w ...

and injuring

Mamoru Shigemitsu was a Japanese diplomat and politician in the Empire of Japan, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs three times during and after World War II as well as the Deputy Prime Minister of Japan. As civilian plenipotentiary representing the J ...

and Vice Admiral

Kichisaburō Nomura was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and was the List of ambassadors of Japan to the United States, ambassador to the United States at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Early life and career Nomura was born in Wakayama, Wakayama, ...

May

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...

Paul Gorguloff Paul Gorguloff, originally Pavel Timofeyevich Gorgulov (russian: Павел Тимофеевич Горгулов; June 29, 1895 – September 14, 1932), was a Russian émigré and assassin who shot and fatally wounded the French Presid ...

shoots French president Paul Doumer in Paris; Doumer dies the next day. ** The politically powerful General

Kurt von Schleicher Kurt Ferdinand Friedrich Hermann von Schleicher (; 7 April 1882 – 30 June 1934) was a German general and the last chancellor of Germany (before Adolf Hitler) during the Weimar Republic. A rival for power with Hitler, Schleicher was murdered by ...

meets secretly with

. Schleicher tells Hitler that he is scheming to bring down the Brüning government in Germany and asks for Nazi support of the new "presidential government" Schleicher is planning to form. Schleicher and Hitler negotiate a "gentlemen's agreement" where in exchange for lifting the ban on the SA and SS and having the Reichstag dissolved for early elections this summer, the Nazis will support Schleicher's new chancellor. *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...

Albert Lebrun Albert François Lebrun (; 29 August 1871 – 6 March 1950) was a French politician, President of France from 1932 to 1940. He was the last president of the Third Republic. He was a member of the centre-right Democratic Republican Alliance (A ...

becomes the new

president of France The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (french: Président de la République française), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces. As the presidency i ...

. ** Violent scenes in the German

Reichstag building The Reichstag (, ; officially: – ; en, Parliament) is a historic government building in Berlin which houses the Bundestag, the lower house of Germany's parliament. It was constructed to house the Imperial Diet (german: Reichstag) of the ...

in Berlin as

Hermann Göring Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; ; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1 ...

and other Nazi MRDs attack the Defense Minister General Wilhelm Groener for his lack of belief in a supposed Social Democratic '' putsch''. After the debate, General Schleicher tells Groener that he has lost the confidence of the Army and must resign at once. **

James Chadwick Sir James Chadwick, (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspi ...

discovers the

neutron The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol or , which has a neutral (not positive or negative) charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. Protons and neutrons constitute the atomic nucleus, nuclei of atoms. Since protons and ...

. *

May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...

– General Wilhelm Groener resigns as German Defense Minister. Schleicher takes control of the Defense Ministry. * May 13 – The

Premier of New South Wales The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislatur ...

, Jack Lang, is dismissed by the State Governor, Sir

Philip Game Sir Philip Woolcott Game, (30 March 1876 – 4 February 1961) was a British Royal Air Force commander, who later served as Governor of New South Wales and Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis (London). Born in Surrey in 1876, Game was educ ...

. * May 15 – May 15 Incident, an attempted military coup in which Japanese prime minister

Tsuyoshi Inukai Inukai Tsuyoshi ( ja, 犬養毅, 4 June 1855 – 15 May 1932) was a Japanese politician, cabinet minister, and Prime Minister of Japan from 1931 to his assassination in 1932. Inukai was Japan's second oldest prime minister while serving, as he ...

is assassinated by naval officers. Japanese troops leave Shanghai. *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. * 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1 ...

– Massive riots between Hindus and Muslims in

Bombay Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' fin ...

leave thousands dead and injured. *

May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...

– 21 –

Amelia Earhart Amelia Mary Earhart ( , born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937; declared dead January 5, 1939) was an American aviation pioneer and writer. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She set many oth ...

flies from the United States to

County Londonderry County Londonderry ( Ulster-Scots: ''Coontie Lunnonderrie''), also known as County Derry ( ga, Contae Dhoire), is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the thirty two counties of Ireland and one of the nine counties of Ulster. ...

Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label=Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is #Descriptions, variously described as ...

in 14 hours 54 minutes. *

– '' Federación Obrera de la Industria de la Carne'' initiates a major strike in the

Argentinian Argentines (mistakenly translated Argentineans in the past; in Spanish (masculine) or ( feminine)) are people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines, ...

meat-packing industry. *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...

–

Goofy Goofy is a cartoon character created by The Walt Disney Company. He is a tall, Anthropomorphism, anthropomorphic dog who typically wears a turtle neck and vest, with pants, shoes, white gloves, and a tall hat originally designed as a rumpled f ...

makes his appearance in the Disney animated short '' Mickey's Revue''. *

May 26 Events Pre-1600 * 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe. * 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empir ...

– Judgement in ''

Donoghue v Stevenson was a landmark court decision in Scots delict law and English tort law by the House of Lords. It laid the foundation of the modern law of negligence in Common law jurisdictions worldwide, as well as in Scotland, establishing general principle ...

'' handed down in the

House of Lords The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by appointment, heredity or official function. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminst ...

of the United Kingdom, creating the modern concept of a

duty of care In tort law, a duty of care is a legal obligation that is imposed on an individual, requiring adherence to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could foreseeably harm others. It is the first element that must be establi ...

in English law. *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometre ...

– German chancellor

is dismissed by President von Hindenburg. President Hindenburg asks

Franz von Papen Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen, Erbsälzer zu Werl und Neuwerk (; 29 October 18792 May 1969) was a German conservative politician, diplomat, Prussian nobleman and General Staff officer. He served as the chancellor of Germany ...

to form a new government, known as the "Government of the President's Friends", which is openly dedicated to the destruction of democracy and the

Weimar Republic The Weimar Republic (german: link=no, Weimarer Republik ), officially named the German Reich, was the government of Germany from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a Constitutional republic, constitutional federal republic for the first time in ...

. The downfall of Brüning is largely the work of Schleicher, who has been scheming against him since the beginning of May. Schleicher takes the position of Defense Minister in his friend Papen's government.

June

* c. June – The Republican Citizens Committee Against National Prohibition is established for the

repeal of Prohibition in the United States The repeal of Prohibition in the United States was accomplished with the passage of the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution on December 5, 1933. Background In 1919, the requisite number of state legislatures ratified the Eig ...

. *

June 4 Events Pre-1600 *1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries. * 1561 – The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedr ...

** A

military coup A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ...

occurs in

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the eas ...

. ** The Papen government in Germany dissolves the Reichstag for elections on July 31 in the full expectation that the Nazis will win the largest number of seats. *

June 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. * 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon ...

– The Papen government lifts the ban against the SS and SA in Germany. *

June 16 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians. * 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king ...

– Lausanne conference opens to discuss

reparations Reparation(s) may refer to: Christianity * Restitution (theology), the Christian doctrine calling for reparation * Acts of reparation, prayers for repairing the damages of sin History *War reparations **World War I reparations, made from ...

, which Germany had not paid since the Hoover Moratorium of June 1931. *

June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. *1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting ...

– The

Benelux The Benelux Union ( nl, Benelux Unie; french: Union Benelux; lb, Benelux-Unioun), also known as simply Benelux, is a politico- economic union and formal international intergovernmental cooperation of three neighboring states in western Europe ...

customs union is negotiated. *

June 24 Events Pre-1600 *1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa. * 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome. ...

– After a relatively bloodless military rebellion,

Siam Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

becomes a

constitutional monarchy A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making. Constitutional monarchies dif ...

. *

June 25 Events Pre-1600 * 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce. * 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...

–

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...

plays its first

Test cricket Test cricket is a form of first-class cricket played at international level between teams representing full member countries of the International Cricket Council (ICC). A match consists of four innings (two per team) and is scheduled to last f ...

match with

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe ...

Lord's Lord's Cricket Ground, commonly known as Lord's, is a cricket venue in St John's Wood, London. Named after its founder, Thomas Lord, it is owned by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and is the home of Middlesex County Cricket Club, the England ...

July

July 5 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus ( Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius. * 1316 – The Burgundian a ...

– becomes the

fascist Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the ...

prime minister of Portugal (for the next 36 years). *

July 7 Events Pre-1600 * 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks. * 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution. * 1520 – Spanish ''conquistad ...

– French submarine sinks off

Cherbourg Cherbourg (; , , ), nrf, Chèrbourg, ) is a former commune and subprefecture located at the northern end of the Cotentin peninsula in the northwestern French department of Manche. It was merged into the commune of Cherbourg-Octeville on 28 Feb ...

; 66 are killed. *

July 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch. *1283 – Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese ...

– The

Dow Jones Industrial Average The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Dow Jones, or simply the Dow (), is a stock market index of 30 prominent companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. The DJIA is one of the oldest and most commonly followed equity inde ...

in the United States reaches its lowest level of the

Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...

, bottoming out at 41.22. *

July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...

** The

Constitutionalist Revolution The Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932 (sometimes also referred to as Paulista War or Brazilian Civil War) is the name given to the uprising of the population of the Brazilian state of São Paulo against the Brazilian Revolution of 1930 whe ...

starts in Brazil with the uprising of the

state of São Paulo State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

. ** Lausanne conference ends, agreeing to cancel

World War I reparations Following the ratification of article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles at the conclusion of World War I, the Central Powers were made to give war reparations to the Allied Powers. Each of the defeated powers was required to make payments in eit ...

against Germany. *

July 12 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – The armies of Titus attack the walls of Jerusalem after a six-month siege. Three days later they breach the walls, which enables the army to destroy the Second Temple. * 927 – King Constantine I ...

** Norway annexes northern

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland ...

. **

Hedley Verity Hedley Verity (18 May 1905 – 31 July 1943) was a professional cricketer who played for Yorkshire and England between 1930 and 1939. A slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 1,956 wickets in first-class cricket at an average of 14.90 ...

establishes a new

first-class cricket First-class cricket, along with List A cricket and Twenty20 cricket, is one of the highest-standard forms of cricket. A first-class match is one of three or more days' scheduled duration between two sides of eleven players each and is officiall ...

record by taking all ten wickets for only ten runs against Nottinghamshire on a pitch affected by a storm. *

July 17 Events Pre-1600 * 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. *1048 – Damasu ...

–

Altona Bloody Sunday Altona Bloody Sunday (german: Altonaer Blutsonntag) is the name given to the events of 17 July 1932 when a recruitment march by the Nazi SA led to violent clashes between the police, the SA and supporters of the Communist Party of Germany ...

: In Altona, Germany, armed

communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, ...

s attack a

National Socialist Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...

demonstration; 18 are killed and many other political street fights follow. *

July 20 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots. * 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defea ...

– The in Germany. The Papen government sends out the under General to depose the elected SPD government in Prussia under . The coup gives Papen control of Prussia, the most powerful in Germany, and is a major blow to German democracy. * July 21 – The

British Empire Economic Conference The British Empire Economic Conference (also known as the Imperial Economic Conference or Ottawa Conference) was a 1932 conference of British colonies and dominions held to discuss the Great Depression. It was held between 21 July and 20 August ...

opens in Ottawa, Canada. *

July 30 Events Pre-1600 * 762 – Baghdad is founded. * 1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. * 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Is ...

** The

1932 Summer Olympics The 1932 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the X Olympiad and also known as Los Angeles 1932) were an international multi-sport event held from July 30 to August 14, 1932 in Los Angeles, California, United States. The Games were held duri ...

open in

Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world ...

. ** Walt Disney's ''

Flowers and Trees ''Flowers and Trees'' is a 1932 '' Silly Symphonies'' cartoon produced by Walt Disney, directed by Burt Gillett, and released to theatres by United Artists on July 30, 1932. It was the first commercially released film to be produced in the full- ...

'', the first animated cartoon to be presented in full

Technicolor Technicolor is a series of Color motion picture film, color motion picture processes, the first version dating back to 1916, and followed by improved versions over several decades. Definitive Technicolor movies using three black and white films ...

, premieres in Los Angeles. It releases in theaters, along with the film version of

Eugene O'Neill Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American playwright and Nobel laureate in literature. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into the U.S. the drama techniques of realism, earli ...

's ''

Strange Interlude ''Strange Interlude'' is an experimental play in nine acts by American playwright Eugene O'Neill. O'Neill began work on it as early as 1923 and developed its scenario in 1925; he wrote the play between May 1926 and the summer of 1927, and complete ...

'' (starring

Norma Shearer Edith Norma Shearer (August 11, 1902June 12, 1983) was a Canadian-American actress who was active on film from 1919 through 1942. Shearer often played spunky, sexually liberated ingénues. She appeared in adaptations of Noël Coward, Eugene O' ...

and

Clark Gable William Clark Gable (February 1, 1901November 16, 1960) was an American film actor, often referred to as "The King of Hollywood". He had roles in more than 60 motion pictures in multiple genres during a career that lasted 37 years, three decades ...

); ''Flowers and Trees'' goes on to win the first Academy Award for Best Animated Short. *

July 31 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide. * 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (T ...

–

July 1932 German federal election Federal elections were held in Germany on 31 July 1932, following the premature dissolution of the Reichstag. The Nazi Party made significant gains and became the largest party in the Reichstag for the first time, although they failed to win a ...

sees the Nazis become the largest party in the Reichstag, winning 37% of the vote.

August

August August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and the fifth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. Its zodiac sign is Leo and was originally named '' Sextilis'' in Latin because it was the 6th month i ...

– A farmers' revolt begins in the

Midwestern United States The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the Midwest or the American Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2"). It occupies the northern central part of the United States. I ...

. *

August 1 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. *AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...

** The second

International Polar Year The International Polar Years (IPY) are collaborative, international efforts with intensive research focus on the polar regions. Karl Weyprecht, an Austro-Hungarian naval officer, motivated the endeavor in 1875, but died before it first occurred i ...

, an international scientific collaboration, begins. ** Forrest Mars produces the first

Mars bar Mars, commonly known as Mars bar, is the name of two varieties of chocolate bar produced by Mars, Incorporated. It was first manufactured in 1932 in Slough, England by Forrest Mars, Sr. The bar consists of caramel and nougat coated with milk c ...

in his

Slough Slough () is a town and unparished area in the unitary authority of the same name in Berkshire, England, bordering west London. It lies in the Thames Valley, west of central London and north-east of Reading, at the intersection of the ...

factory in the UK. *

August 2 Events Pre-1600 *338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean. *216 BC – The Carthaginian arm ...

– The first

positron The positron or antielectron is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron. It has an electric charge of +1 '' e'', a spin of 1/2 (the same as the electron), and the same mass as an electron. When a positron collide ...

is discovered by

Carl D. Anderson Carl David Anderson (September 3, 1905 – January 11, 1991) was an American physicist. He is best known for his discovery of the positron in 1932, an achievement for which he received the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics, and of the muon in 1936. ...

. *

August 5 Events Pre-1600 *AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty. * 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...

– Hitler meets with Schleicher and reneges on the "gentlemen's agreement", demanding that he be appointed Chancellor. Schleicher agrees to support Hitler as Chancellor provided that he can remain minister of defense. Schleicher sets up a meeting between Hindenburg and Hitler on for August 13 to discuss Hitler's possible appointment as chancellor. *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. *1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesad ...

** The first

Venice Film Festival The Venice Film Festival or Venice International Film Festival ( it, Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica della Biennale di Venezia, "International Exhibition of Cinematographic Art of the Venice Biennale") is an annual film festival h ...

is held. ** In Germany, the world's first

Autobahn The (; German plural ) is the federal controlled-access highway system in Germany. The official German term is (abbreviated ''BAB''), which translates as 'federal motorway'. The literal meaning of the word is 'Federal Auto(mobile) Track' ...

is opened by

Konrad Adenauer Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (; 5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1963. From 1946 to 1966, he was the first leader of the Christian Dem ...

(

Bundesautobahn 555 is an autobahn connecting the cities of Cologne and Bonn. It was constructed between 1929 and 1932, and opened to traffic on 6 August 1932. Because it was the first public road that was limited to motorized vehicles and had no level crossing ...

). **

Carl Gustaf Ekman Carl Gustaf Ekman (6 October 1872 – 15 June 1945) was a Swedish politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 1911 to 1932 (serving in both lower and upper houses), leader of the Freeminded People's Party between 1924 and 1932, and served as ...

resigns as

Prime Minister of Sweden The prime minister ( sv, statsminister ; literally translating to "Minister of State") is the head of government of Sweden. The prime minister and their cabinet (the government) exercise executive authority in the Kingdom of Sweden and are su ...

and is replaced by his Minister of Finance

Felix Hamrin Felix Teodor Hamrin (14 January 1875 – 27 November 1937) was a Swedish politician. He was the leader of the liberal Freeminded People's Party and served as Prime Minister of Sweden from August to September 1932. Hamrin was born in Mönst ...

. *

August 9 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt. * 378 – Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens ...

– In Germany: **The Papen government, which likes to take a tough "law and order" stance, passes via Article 48 a law prescribing the death penalty for a variety of offenses and with the court system simplified so that the courts can hand down as many death sentences as possible. **

Potempa Murder of 1932 The Potempa Murder of 1932 was a cause célèbre during Germany's Weimar Republic and the rise of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party. Committed by Nazi Party members, the brutal murder cast a dark shadow over the political advance of Hitler and the N ...

: In the eastern town of Potempa, five Nazi " Brownshirts" break into the house of Konrad Pietrzuch, a Communist miner, and proceed to castrate and beat him to death in front of his mother. *

August 10 Events Pre-1600 * 654 – Pope Eugene I elected to succeed Martinus I. * 955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (german: Otto der Gro� ...

– A 5.1 kg

chondrite A chondrite is a stony (non-metallic) meteorite that has not been modified, by either melting or differentiation of the parent body. They are formed when various types of dust and small grains in the early Solar System accreted to form pr ...

-type

meteorite A meteorite is a solid piece of debris from an object, such as a comet, asteroid, or meteoroid, that originates in outer space and survives its passage through the atmosphere to reach the surface of a planet or moon. When the original object ...

breaks into fragments and strikes earth near the town of Archie, Missouri, United States. *

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and foun ...

– To celebrate Constitution Day in Germany, Chancellor

and his interior minister Baron Wilhelm von Gayl present proposed amendments to the Weimar constitution for a "New State" to deal with the problems besetting Germany. *

August 13 Events Pre-1600 * 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 &ndas ...

– Hitler meets President von Hindenburg and asks to be appointed as Chancellor. Hindenburg refuses under the grounds that Hitler is not qualified to be Chancellor and asks him instead to serve as Vice-Chancellor in Papen's government. Hitler announces his "all or nothing" strategy in which he will oppose any government not headed by himself and will accept no office other than Chancellor. *

August 18 Events Pre-1600 * 684 – Battle of Marj Rahit: Umayyad partisans defeat the supporters of Ibn al-Zubayr and cement Umayyad control of Syria. * 707 – Princess Abe accedes to the imperial Japanese throne as Empress Genmei. *1304 & ...

–

Auguste Piccard Auguste Antoine Piccard (28 January 1884 – 24 March 1962) was a Swiss physicist, inventor and explorer known for his record-breaking hydrogen balloon flights, with which he studied the Earth's upper atmosphere. Piccard was also known for h ...

reaches an altitude of with a

hot air balloon A hot air balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air. Suspended beneath is a gondola or wicker basket (in some long-distance or high-altitude balloons, a capsule), which carries ...

. *

– 19 – Scottish aviator

Jim Mollison James Allan Mollison MBE (19 April 1905 – 30 October 1959) was a Scottish pioneer aviator who, flying solo or with his wife, Amy Johnson, set many records during the rapid development of aviation in the 1930s. Early years Born on 19 ...

becomes the first pilot to make an East-to-West solo

transatlantic flight A transatlantic flight is the flight of an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe, Africa, South Asia, or the Middle East to North America, Central America, or South America, or ''vice versa''. Such flights have been made by fixed-wing air ...

, from

Portmarnock Portmarnock () is a coastal suburban settlement in Fingal, Ireland, with significant beaches, a modest commercial core and inland residential estates, and two golf courses, including one of Ireland's best-known golf clubs. , the population was ...

County Dublin "Action to match our speech" , image_map = Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg , map_alt = map showing County Dublin as a small area of darker green on the east coast within the lighter green background of ...

, Ireland to

RCAF Station Pennfield Ridge RCAF Station Pennfield Ridge was a Royal Canadian Air Force training station located in coastal Charlotte County, New Brunswick in the hamlet of Pennfield Ridge. History Construction of the aerodrome began in the summer of 1940 after a suitable ...

New Brunswick New Brunswick (french: Nouveau-Brunswick, , locally ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. It is the only province with both English and ...

, Canada, in his

de Havilland Puss Moth The de Havilland DH.80A Puss Moth is a British three-seater high-wing monoplane aeroplane designed and built by the de Havilland Aircraft Company between 1929 and 1933. It flew at a speed approaching 124 mph (200 km/h), making it o ...

high-wing monoplane ''The Heart's Content''. *

August 20 Events Pre-1600 * AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile. * 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take con ...

– The Ottawa conference ends with the adoption of

Imperial Preference Imperial Preference was a system of mutual tariff reduction enacted throughout the British Empire following the Ottawa Conference of 1932. As Commonwealth Preference, the proposal was later revived in regard to the members of the Commonwealth of ...

tariff, turning the British Empire into one economic zone with a series of tariffs meant to exclude non-empire states from competing within the markets of Britain; the Dominions; and the rest of the empire. *

August 22 Events Pre-1600 * 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. * 851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland. *1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scotland a ...

– Potempa murder: The five SA men involved in the torture and murder of Konrad Pietrzuch are quickly convicted and sentenced to death under the new law introduced by the Papen government. The Potempa case becomes a ''

cause célèbre A cause célèbre (,''Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged'', 12th Edition, 2014. S.v. "cause célèbre". Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre ,''Random House Kernerman Webs ...

'' in Germany, where some maintain the death sentences are appropriate given the brutality of the torture and murder, whilst Nazis demonstrate for amnesty for the "Potempa five" on the grounds they are patriotic heroes, justified in killing the Communist Pietrzuch, and should not be executed. Hitler sends a telegram congratulating the five and they are released from jail in 1933 after he becomes

Chancellor of Germany The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,; often shortened to ''Bundeskanzler''/''Bundeskanzlerin'', / is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the Ge ...

. *

August 23 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Cae ...

– The Panama Civil Aviation Authority is established. *

August 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple. * 1282 – Peter III of Aragon lands at Trapani to intervene in the War of the Sicilian Vespers. *1363 – The five-week Battle of Lake ...

–

is elected as Speaker of the German Reichstag. *

August 31 Events Pre-1600 * 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. * 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year ...

– A

total solar eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six month ...

is visible from northern Canada through northeastern Vermont, New Hampshire, southwestern Maine and the Capes of Massachusetts.

September

September 2 Events Pre-1600 *44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his '' Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of t ...

– Despite the court's sentence of death against the "Potempa five", Chancellor von Papen in his capacity as Reich Commissioner of Prussia refuses to have the "Potempa five" executed under the grounds that they were not aware of the emergency law at the time they committed the murder, but in reality because he is still hoping for Nazi support for his government. *

September 9 Events Pre-1600 * 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti. *1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. * 1141 – ...

** The

Cortes Generales The Cortes Generales (; en, Spanish Parliament, lit=General Courts) are the bicameral legislative chambers of Spain, consisting of the Congress of Deputies (the lower house), and the Senate (the upper house). The Congress of Deputies m ...

(Parliament) of the

Second Spanish Republic The Spanish Republic (), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (), was the form of government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, after the deposition of King Alfonso XIII, and was dissolved on 1 ...

approves the

Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006 ( ca, Estatut d’Autonomia de Catalunya) provides Catalonia's basic institutional regulations under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. It defines the rights and obligations of the citizens of Cataloni ...

which grants full autonomy for

Catalonia Catalonia (; ca, Catalunya ; Aranese Occitan: ''Catalonha'' ; es, Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a '' nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy. Most of the territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the no ...

for the first time in

modern history The term modern period or modern era (sometimes also called modern history or modern times) is the period of history that succeeds the Middle Ages (which ended approximately 1500 AD). This terminology is a historical periodization that is appli ...

. ** Beginning of the

Chaco War The Chaco War ( es, link=no, Guerra del Chaco, gn, Cháko ÑorairõParaguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to t ...

and

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

because of delimitation problems and others. *

September 10 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. *1419 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France. * 1509 – An eart ...

– The

IND Eighth Avenue Line The IND Eighth Avenue Line is a rapid transit line in New York City, United States, and is part of the B Division of the New York City Subway. Opened in 1932, it was the first line of the Independent Subway System (IND), and the ''Eighth Avenu ...

, at this time the world's longest

subway Subway, Subways, The Subway, or The Subways may refer to: Transportation * Subway, a term for underground rapid transit rail systems * Subway (underpass), a type of walkway that passes underneath an obstacle * Subway (George Bush Intercontin ...

line (), begins operation in

Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...

. *

September 11 Events Pre-1600 * 9 – The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends: The Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine is established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hu ...

** Canadian operations end on the

International Railway (New York–Ontario) The International Railway Company (IRC) was a transportation company formed in a 1902 merger between several Buffalo-area interurban and street railways. The city railways that merged were the ''West Side Street Railway'', the ''Crosstown Street ...

. ** A bronze statue of

Youssef Bey Karam Youssef Bey Karam (also Joseph Bey Karam) (May 15, 1823 – April 7, 1889) ( ar, يوسف بك كرم), was a Lebanese Maronite notable for fighting in the 1860 civil war and led a rebellion in 1866–1867 against the Ottoman Empire rule in ...

is erected in his memory outside the Cathedral of Saint Georges,

Ehden Ehden ( ar, إِهْدِن, Syriac-Aramaic: ܐܗܕ ܢ ) is a mountainous city in the heart of the northern mountains of Lebanon and on the southwestern slopes of Mount Makmal in the Mount Lebanon Range. Its residents are the people of Zgharta, as ...

in Lebanon. *

September 12 Events Pre-1600 *490 BC – Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece. * 372 – Sixteen Kingdoms: Jin ...

– The very unpopular Papen government in Germany is defeated on a massive motion of no-confidence in the Reichstag. With the exceptions of the

German People's Party The German People's Party (German: , or DVP) was a liberal party during the Weimar Republic that was the successor to the National Liberal Party of the German Empire. A right-liberal, or conservative-liberal political party, it represented politi ...

and the

German National People's Party The German National People's Party (german: Deutschnationale Volkspartei, DNVP) was a national-conservative party in Germany during the Weimar Republic. Before the rise of the Nazi Party, it was the major conservative and nationalist party in Wei ...

, every party in the Reichstag votes for the no-confidence motion. Papen has Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag for new elections in November. *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Emp ...

** A speech by

Laureano Gómez Laureano Eleuterio Gómez Castro (20 February 1889 – 13 July 1965) was a Colombian politician and civil engineer who served as the 18th President of Colombia from 1950 to 1953. In November 1951 poor health led him to cede presidential pow ...

leads to the escalation of the Leticia Incident between Colombia and Peru. ** Start of the

Han–Liu War The Han–Liu War () was a major military conflict in late 1932 between the private army, private armies of Han Fuju and Liu Zhennian over Shandong. Even though Han as well as Liu were officially subordinates to the Chinese Nationalist government i ...

over

Shandong Shandong ( , ; ; Chinese postal romanization, alternately romanized as Shantung) is a coastal Provinces of China, province of the China, People's Republic of China and is part of the East China region. Shandong has played a major role in His ...

. *

September 20 Events Pre-1600 *1058 – Agnes of Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to negotiate about the border territory of Burgenland. *1066 – At the Battle of Fulford, Harald Hardrada defeats earls Morcar and Edwin. *1187 – Saladin b ...

–

begins a

hunger strike A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance in which participants fast as an act of political protest, or to provoke a feeling of guilt in others, usually with the objective to achieve a specific goal, such as a policy change. Most ...

Poona Pune (; ; also known as Poona, ( the official name from 1818 until 1978) is one of the most important industrial and educational hubs of India, with an estimated population of 7.4 million As of 2021, Pune Metropolitan Region is the largest i ...

prison, India. * September 22 –

Soviet famine of 1932–33 The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

begins; millions starve to death as a result of forced collectivization and as part of the government's effort to break rural resistance to its policies. The Soviet regime denies the famine and allows the deaths. *

September 23 Events Pre-1600 * 38 – Drusilla, Caligula's sister who died in June, with whom the emperor is said to have an incestuous relationship, is deified. *1122 – Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat ...

– The

Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd ( ar, مملكة الحجاز ونجد, '), initially the Kingdom of Hejaz and Sultanate of Nejd (, '), was a dual monarchy ruled by Abdulaziz following the victory of the Saudi Sultanate of Nejd over the Hashemite ...

is proclaimed the Kingdom of

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Ara ...

, concluding the country's unification under the rule of

Ibn Saud Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud ( ar, عبد العزيز بن عبد الرحمن آل سعود, ʿAbd al ʿAzīz bin ʿAbd ar Raḥman Āl Suʿūd; 15 January 1875Ibn Saud's birth year has been a source of debate. It is generally accepted ...

. * September 24 – After his party's victory in the election to the Swedish Riksdag's second chamber, Social Democrat

Per Albin Hansson Per Albin Hansson (28 October 1885 – 6 October 1946) was a Swedish politician, chairman of the Social Democrats from 1925 and two-time Prime Minister in four governments between 1932 and 1946, governing all that period save for a short-liv ...

becomes the new Prime Minister of Sweden, after

. *

September 27 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England. * 1331 – The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teuton ...

– Ryutin Affair at its height in the Soviet Union. The Politburo meets and condemns the so-called "Ryutin Platform" and agrees to expel those associated with it from the Communist Party, but refuses Stalin's request to execute those associated with the Platform.

October

October October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and the sixth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôct ...

–

Hergé Georges Prosper Remi (; 22 May 1907 – 3 March 1983), known by the pen name Hergé (; ), from the French pronunciation of his reversed initials ''RG'', was a Belgian cartoonist. He is best known for creating ''The Adventures of Tintin'', ...

's ''

Tintin in America ''Tintin in America'' (french: link=no, Tintin en Amérique) is the third volume of ''The Adventures of Tintin'', the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. Commissioned by the conservative Belgian newspaper for its children's supplement ...

(Tintin en Amérique)'' concludes serial publication and is issued in book format (in black and white) in Belgium. *

October 1 Events Pre-1600 * 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. * 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated. * 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadw ...

–

Gyula Gömbös Gyula Gömbös de Jákfa (26 December 1886 – 6 October 1936) was a Hungarian military officer and politician who served as Prime Minister of Hungary from 1 October 1932 to his death. Background Gömbös was born in Murga, Tolna County, Kingd ...

becomes Prime Minister of Hungary, the first time a member of the radical right has become the country's head of government. *

October 3 Events Pre-1600 * 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day. * 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Juliu ...

–

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...

becomes an independent kingdom under Faisal. *

October 15 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later. *12 ...

– Tata Airlines (later to become

Air India Air India is the flag carrier airline of India, headquartered at New Delhi. It is owned by Talace Private Limited, a Special-Purpose Vehicle (SPV) of Tata Sons, after Air India Limited's former owner, the Government of India, completed the ...

) makes its first flight. *

October 19 Events Pre-1600 * 202 BC – Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the army defending Carthage. * 439 – The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in ...

– Prince Gustav Adolf of Sweden marries

Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Sibylla Calma Marie Alice Bathildis Feodora; 18 January 1908 – 28 November 1972) was a member of the Swedish royal family and the mother of the current king of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf. Born into the Ho ...

. *

October 25 Events Pre-1600 * 285 (or 286) – Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers. * 473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II ...

–

George Lansbury George Lansbury (22 February 1859 – 7 May 1940) was a British politician and social reformer who led the Labour Party from 1932 to 1935. Apart from a brief period of ministerial office during the Labour government of 1929–31, he spe ...

became the leader of the opposition British Labour Party.

November

November 1 Events Pre-1600 *365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. * 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, ...

– The

Kennedy–Thorndike experiment The Kennedy–Thorndike experiment, first conducted in 1932 by Roy J. Kennedy and Edward M. Thorndike, is a modified form of the Michelson–Morley experimental procedure, testing special relativity. The modification is to make one arm of the class ...

is published, showing that measured time as well as length is affected by motion, in accordance with the theory of

special relativity In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory regarding the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's original treatment, the theory is based on two postulates: # The law ...

. *

November 2 Events Pre-1600 * 619 – A qaghan of the Western Turkic Khaganate is assassinated in a Chinese palace by Eastern Turkic rivals after the approval of Tang emperor Gaozu. * 1410 – The Peace of Bicêtre suspends hostilities in the ...

– The Emu War, a nuisance wildlife management military operation, begins in Australia. * November 3 – Strike by transport workers in Berlin. The Nazis and the Communists both co-operate in support of the strike. The Nazi-Communist co-operation damages the Nazis at the upcoming election with many right-wing voters switching back to the

. *

November 6 Events Pre-1600 * 447 – A powerful earthquake destroys large portions of the Walls of Constantinople, including 57 towers. * 963 – Synod of Rome: Emperor Otto I calls a council at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Pope John XII is ...

– November 1932 German federal election: The Nazis remain the largest party in the Reichstag but their share of the seats drops from 37% to 32%. * November 7 – ''Buck Rogers, Buck Rogers in the 25th Century'' debuts on American radio. It is the first science fiction program on radio. * November 8 – 1932 United States presidential election: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Governor of New York (state), New York Franklin D. Roosevelt defeats Republican President Herbert Hoover in a landslide victory. * November 9 ** A hurricane and huge waves kill about 2,500 in Santa Cruz del Sur in the worst natural disaster in Cuban history. ** Geneva massacre: Military of Switzerland fire on a socialist anti-fascist demonstration in

leaving 13 dead and 60 injured. * November 21 – German president Paul von Hindenburg, Hindenburg begins negotiations with Adolf Hitler about the formation of a new government. * November 27 – The Second Eastern Women's Congress opens in Tehran, Iran. * November 30 – The Polish Cipher Bureau breaks the German Enigma machine, Enigma cipher.

December

* December 1 – Germany returns to the

after the others powers agree to accept ''gleichberechtigung'' "in principle". Henceforward, it is clear that Germany will be allowed to rearm beyond the limits imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. * December 3 – Hindenburg names

as German chancellor after he ousts Papen. Papen is deeply angry about how his former friend Schleicher has brought him down and decides that he will do anything to get back into power. * December 4 – Chancellor Schleicher meets with Gregor Strasser and offers to appoint him Vice-Chancellor and ''Reich'' Commissioner for Prussia out of the hope that if faced with a split in the NSDAP, Hitler will support his government. * December 5 – At a secret meeting of the Nazi leaders, Strasser urges Hitler to drop his "all or nothing" strategy and accept Schleicher's offer to have the Nazis serve in his cabinet. Hitler gives a dramatic speech saying that Schleicher's offer is not acceptable and he will stick to his "all or nothing" strategy whatever the consequences might be and wins the Nazi leadership over to his viewpoint. * December 8 – Gregor Strasser resigns as the chief of the NSDAP's organizational department in protest against Hitler's "all or nothing" strategy. * December 10 – The Emu War in Australia ends in failure. * December 12 – Japan and the Soviet Union reform their diplomatic connections. * December 19 – BBC World Service begins broadcasting as the BBC Empire Service using a shortwave radio facility at its Daventry transmitting station in England. * December 25 ** The 7.6 1932 Changma earthquake, Changma earthquake shakes the Kansu, Kansu Province in China with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''). Two-hundred and seventy-five people are killed. ** IG Farben files a patent application in Germany for the medical application of the first Sulfonamide (medicine), sulfonamide oral antibiotic, which will be marketed as Prontosil, following Gerhard Domagk's laboratory demonstration of its properties as an antibiotic. ** King George V delivers the first Royal Christmas Message on the new BBC Empire Service radio from Sandringham House; the text has been written by Rudyard Kipling. * December 27 – Internal passports are introduced in the Soviet Union. * December 28 – The Cologne banker Kurt Baron von Schröder, Kurt von Schröder-who is a close friend of Papen and a NSDAP member-meets with

to tell him that Papen wants to set up a meeting to discuss how they can work together. Papen wants Nazi support to return to the Chancellorship while Hitler wants Papen to convince Hindenburg to appoint him Chancellor. Hitler agrees to meet Papen on January 3, 1933.

Date unknown

* Zero-length springs are invented, revolutionizing seismometers and gravimeters. * Geneticist J. B. S. Haldane publishes ''The Causes of Evolution'', unifying the findings of Mendelian genetics with those of evolutionary science. * The heath hen becomes extinct in North America. * Walter B. Pitkin publishes ''Life Begins at Forty'' in the United States. * SPAR (retailer), SPAR, the global retail brand, is founded in Zegwaart, Netherlands. * Unemployment in the United States – ca. 33% – 14 million. A similar level of unemployment affects Germany. Many people in depressed countries do not receive unemployment benefit due to governments not being able to afford benefit payments.

Births

January

Italiaanse schrijver Umberto Eco, portret

* January 3 – Dabney Coleman, American actor * January 5 ** Umberto Eco, Italian scholar and novelist (d. 2016) ** Raisa Gorbacheva, wife of the President of the Soviet Union (d. 1999) * January 10 ** József Szécsényi, Hungarian track and field athlete (d. 2017) ** David Ejoor, Nigerian Army officer (d. 2019) * January 11 – Takkō Ishimori, Japanese voice actor (d. 2013) * January 13 – Joseph Cardinal Zen, Catholic Bishop of Hong Kong * January 16 – Dian Fossey, American zoologist (d. 1985) * January 17 – Sheree North, American actress and singer (d. 2005) * January 18 – Robert Anton Wilson, American author (d. 2007) * January 19 – Richard Lester, American film director *

– Piper Laurie, American actress * January 25 – Nikolay Anikin, Soviet cross-country skier (d. 2009) *

– Coxsone Dodd, Jamaican record producer (d. 2004) * January 27 – Boris Shakhlin, Soviet gymnast (d. 2008) *

– Ellen Griffin Dunne, American actress and activist (d. 1997) * January 29 – Tommy Taylor, English footballer (d. 1958) * January 30 ** Kazuo Inamori, Japanese businessman (d. 2022) ** Knock Yokoyama, Japanese comedian and politician (d. 2007)

February

Ted Kennedy, official photo portrait crop

* February 1 – Hassan Al-Turabi, Sudanese spiritual leader (d. 2016) * February 3 ** Peggy Ann Garner, American actress (d. 1984) ** Blaise Rabetafika, Malagasy diplomat (d. 2000) * February 5 – Cesare Maldini, Italian football player and manager (d. 2016) * February 6 ** François Truffaut, French film director (d. 1984) ** Camilo Cienfuegos, Cuban revolutionary leader (d. 1959) * February 7 ** Gay Talese, American author ** Alfred Worden, American astronaut (d. 2020) * February 8 – John Williams, American composer and conductor *

– Gerhard Richter, German painter *

– Margit Carlqvist, Swedish actress * February 13 – Susan Oliver, American actress (d. 1990) * February 14 – Alexander Kluge, German author and film director * February 16 ** Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, Alhaji Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, former President of Sierra Leone (d. 2014) ** Aharon Appelfeld, Ukrainian-born Israeli writer (d. 2018) *

– Miloš Forman, Czech-American film director (d. 2018) * February 19 – Alberto Dines, Brazilian journalist and writer (d. 2018) * February 20 – Adrian Cristobal, Filipino writer (d. 2007) * February 22 ** Ted Kennedy, American politician (d. 2009) ** Robert Opron, French automotive designer (d. 2021) * February 23 – Irene Jai Narayan, Fiji politician (d. 2011) *

** John Vernon, Canadian actor (d. 2005) ** Michel Legrand, French composer (d. 2019) ** Zell Miller, American politician (d. 2018) ** M. S. Rajeswari, Indian singer (d. 2018) *

** Augusto Polo Campos, Peruvian composer (d. 2018) ** Faron Young, American country singer (d. 1996) **Tony Brooks (racing driver), Tony Brooks, British racing driver (d. 2022) * February 26 – Johnny Cash, American country singer (d. 2003) *

– Dame Elizabeth Taylor, British-American actress (d. 2011) * February 28 – Don Francks, Canadian actor, musician and singer (d. 2016)

March

Al Bean during EVA training in the Flight Crew Support Building

* March 4 ** Ryszard Kapuściński, Polish journalist (d. 2007) ** Miriam Makeba, South African singer and civil rights activist (d. 2008) ** Efrén Echeverría, Paraguayan musician guitarist, composer, and compiler (d. 2018) * March 6 ** Marc Bazin, 4th Prime Minister of Haiti (d. 2010) ** Bronisław Geremek, Polish social historian and politician (d. 2008) * March 7 ** Lola Beltrán, Mexican singer, actress, and television presenter (d. 1996) ** Momoko Kōchi, Japanese actress (d. 1998) * March 11 – Leroy Jenkins (musician), Leroy Jenkins, African-American jazz musician and composer (d. 2007) * March 12 – Bob Houbregs, Canadian basketball player (d. 2014) * March 15 – Alan Bean, American naval officer and naval aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, and NASA astronaut (d. 2018) * March 16 – Walter Cunningham, American astronaut *

– John Updike, American author (d. 2009) *

** Wan Mokhtar, Malaysian politician (d. 2020) ** Walter Gilbert, American chemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel laureate * March 22 – Els Borst, Dutch politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1998–2002) (d. 2014) * March 27 – Junior Parker, African-American blues musician (d. 1971) * March 28 – Sven Lindqvist, Swedish author (d. 2019) * March 30 – Ted Morgan (writer), Ted Morgan, French-born biographer and journalist * March 31 – Nagisa Oshima, Japanese film director (d. 2013)

April

* April 1 – Debbie Reynolds, American actress, singer and dancer (d. 2016) * April 4 ** Richard Lugar, American politician (d. 2019) ** Anthony Perkins, American actor (d. 1992) ** Andrei Tarkovsky, Soviet and Russian film director (d. 1986) * April 8 ** József Antall, Hungarian historian, librarian, political figure and teacher, 53rd Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1993) ** Sultan Iskandar of Johor, 8th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (d. 2010) * April 9 ** Armin Jordan, Swiss conductor (d. 2006) ** Carl Perkins, American musician (d. 1998) * April 10 ** Kishori Amonkar, Indian vocalist (d. 2017) ** Delphine Seyrig, Lebanese-born French actress (d. 1990) ** Omar Sharif, Egyptian actor (d. 2015) *

– Joel Grey, American actor, singer and dancer * April 12 ** Jean-Pierre Marielle, French actor (d. 2019) ** Lakshman Kadirgamar, Sri Lankan politician (d. 2005) ** Tiny Tim (musician), Tiny Tim, American musician (d. 1996) *

** Barney Simon, South African writer, playwright and director (d. 1995) ** Orlando Letelier, Chilean economist, politician and diplomat (d. 1976) *

** António dos Santos (bishop), António dos Santos, Portuguese bishop (d. 2018) ** Loretta Lynn, American country singer-songwriter (d. 2022) * April 16 ** Qahhor Mahkamov, Tajik politician, 1st President of Tajikistan (d. 2016) ** Pierre Milza, French historian (d. 2018) * April 21 – Elaine May, American comedian, film director, screenwriter, playwright, and actress * April 24 – Vladimir Yengibaryan, Armenian amateur light-welterweight boxer (d. 2013) *

– Nikolai Kardashev, Soviet and Russian astrophysicist (d. 2019) * April 26 ** Michael Smith (chemist), Michael Smith, English-born chemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel laureate (d. 2000) ** Francis Lai, French composer (d. 2018) * April 27 ** Anouk Aimée, French actress ** Pik Botha, South African politician (d. 2018) ** Casey Kasem, American disc jockey and voice actor (d. 2014) ** Gian-Carlo Rota, Italian-born mathematician and philosopher (d. 1999) *

– Wilson Ndolo Ayah, Kenyan politician (d. 2016)

May

** Ahmet Haxhiu, Albanian political activist (d. 1994) ** José Maria Marin, Brazilian politician and sports administrator ** Antal Bolvári, Hungarian water polo player (d. 2019) * May 7 – Fufi Santori, Puerto Rican basketball player and writer (d. 2018) * May 8 ** Phyllida Law, Scottish actress ** Sonny Liston, American boxer (d. 1970) * May 9 – Geraldine McEwan, English actress (d. 2015) * May 11 ** Fabio Mamerto Rivas Santos, Dominican Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2018) ** Valentino (fashion designer), Valentino, Italian fashion designer * May 18 – Dean Tavoularis, Greek-American motion picture production designer * May 19 – Alma Cogan, English singer (d. 1966) * May 21 – Leonidas Vasilikopoulos, Greek admiral and intelligence chief (d. 2014) * May 24 – Arnold Wesker, British playwright (d. 2016) *

– K. C. Jones, American basketball player and coach (d. 2020) * May 27 – José Varacka, Argentine footballer and coach (d. 2018) * May 29 – Paul R. Ehrlich, American biologist *

** Abdul Ghani Gilong, Malaysian politician (d. 2021) ** Jose Melo, Filipino lawyer and jurist (d. 2020)

June

David Scott Water Egress Training (S66-17282)

– Maurice Shadbolt, New Zealand writer (d. 2004) * June 5 – Christy Brown, Irish writer and painter (d. 1981) * June 6 – David Scott, American astronaut * June 9 – Dave McKigney, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 1988) * June 10 – Branko Lustig, Croatian film producer (d. 2019) * June 11 – Athol Fugard, South African author and dramatist * June 12 ** Mimi Coertse, South African opera soprano ** Mamo Wolde, Ethiopian Olympic athlete (d. 2002) * June 13 **Bob McGrath, American actor and musician (''Sesame Street'') (d. 2022) **Rainer K. Sachs, German-American physicist and biologist * June 17 – Vesna Krmpotić, Croatian writer and translator (d. 2018) * June 18 – Dudley R. Herschbach, American chemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel laureate *

- Robert Rozhdestvensky, Soviet Poet (d. 1994) * June 21 ** Eloisa Cianni, Italian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder ** Ilka Soares, Brazilian actress (d. 2022) ** Lalo Schifrin, Argentine pianist, composer, arranger and conductor * June 22 ** Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari, Princess of Iran; wife of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (d. 2001) ** Amrish Puri, Indian actor (d. 2005) ** Prunella Scales, English actress *

** Margit Korondi, Hungarian gymnast (d. 2022) ** David McTaggart, Canadian environmental campaigner (d. 2001) *

– Peter Blake (artist), Peter Blake, English artist * June 26 ** Marguerite Pindling, Governor-General of the Bahamas ** Harry Bromfield, South African cricketer (d. 2020) * June 27 – Anna Moffo, American operatic soprano (d. 2006) * June 28 – Pat Morita, Asian-American actor (d. 2005) * June 30 – Ingrid Allen, British neuroscientist (d. 2020)

July

* July 1 **Sonny Caldinez, Trinidadian actor and former professional wrestler (d. 2022) **Pablo Eisenberg, French-born American academic and tennis player (d. 2022) **Adam Harasiewicz, Polish concert pianist * July 2 – Waldemar Matuška, Czech singer (d. 2009) * July 4 – Otis Young, African-American actor (d. 2001) *

** Gyula Horn, Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 2013) ** Kazimiera Utrata, Polish actress (d. 2018) * July 6 – Herman Hertzberger, Dutch architect and professor *

** Carlos de Cárdenas Jr., Cuban yachtsman ** Eileen Lemass, Irish politician *

– Donald Rumsfeld, U.S. Secretary of Defense (d. 2021) * July 10 ** Carlo Maria Abate, Italian racing driver (d. 2019) ** János Bódi, Hungarian modern pentathlete * July 11 – Hans van Manen, Dutch ballet dancer, choreographer and photographer *

** Rene Goulet, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 2019) ** Otis Davis, American athlete * July 13 – Per Nørgård, Danish composer * July 14 – Helga Liné, German-born Portuguese-Spanish film actress and circus acrobat *

** Joanne Gilbert, American actress ** Quino, Argentine cartoonist (d. 2020) *

** Nam June Paik, Korean-born American artist (d. 2006) ** Otto Schily, German politician * July 22 ** Jean Barthe, French rugby league and rugby union player (d. 2017) ** Tom Robbins, American novelist * July 23 ** Jorge Arvizu, Mexican voice actor (d. 2014) ** Oswaldo Loureiro, Brazilian actor (d. 2018) * July 25 – Paul J. Weitz, American astronaut (d. 2017) * July 28 – Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra, Brazilian colonel (d. 2015) * July 29 – Nancy Kassebaum Baker, Nancy Landon Kassebaum Baker, U.S. Senator *

– Edd Byrnes, American actor (d. 2020) *

– John Searle, American philosopher

August

Luc Montagnier-press conference Dec 06th, 2008-3

** Meir Kahane, American-born Israeli rabbi and ultra-nationalist (d. 1990) ** Meena Kumari, Indian actress (d. 1972) *

** Lamar Hunt, American sportsman (d. 2006) ** Peter O'Toole, British-Irish actor (d. 2013) * August 4 – Frances Allen, American computer scientist (d. 2020) *

** Jameson Mbilini Dlamini, 7th Prime Minister of Swaziland (d. 2008) ** Vladimir Fedoseyev, Soviet and Russian conductor, accordionist, teacher *

– Howard Hodgkin, British painter and print-maker (d. 2017) * August 7 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian long-distance runner (d. 1973) * August 8 – Mel Tillis, American country singer (d. 2017) *

– Anand Panyarachun, 18th Prime Minister of Thailand *

– Fernando Arrabal, Spanish writer * August 12 – Sirikit, Queen mother of Thailand (from 1950 to present) * August 17 ** V. S. Naipaul, West Indian-born writer and Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel laureate (d. 2018) ** Jean-Jacques Sempé, French cartoonist (d. 2022) *

– Luc Montagnier, French virologist and Nobel Prize winner (d. 2022) * August 19 – Banharn Silpa-archa, 32nd Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 2016) *

– Vasily Aksyonov, Russian writer (d. 2009) * August 21 – Melvin Van Peebles, African-American actor, filmmaker, playwright, novelist and composer (d. 2021) *

– Houari Boumediene, 2nd President of Algeria (d. 1978) * August 24 – W. Morgan Sheppard, English actor (d. 2019) * August 25 – Luis Félix López, Ecuadorian doctor, writer and politician (d. 2008) * August 27 ** Mohamed Hamri, Moroccan artist (d. 2000) ** Saye Zerbo, 3rd President and 4th Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (d. 2013) * August 28 – Raul Cortez, Brazilian actor (d. 2006) * August 29 – Shen Chun-shan, Taiwanese academic (d. 2018)

September

Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-42

* September 1 ** Sunny von Bülow, American socialite (d. 2008) ** Derog Gioura, Nauruan politician, President of Nauru (d. 2008) * September 3 ** Eileen Brennan, American actress and singer (d. 2013) ** Acácio Pereira Magro, Portuguese academic, economist and politician (d. 2018) * September 5 – Carol Lawrence, American actress, singer and dancer * September 8 ** Patsy Cline, American singer (d. 1963) ** Herbert Leuninger, German Roman Catholic priest and refugee rights activist (d. 2020) *

– Carm Lino Spiteri, Maltese architect and politician (d. 2008) *

** Mustapha Akanbi, Nigerian lawyer and judge (d. 2018) ** Rinaldo Fidel Brédice, Argentine Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2018) *

– Atli Dam, 3-Time Prime Minister of Faroe Islands (d. 2005) * September 13 **Fernando González Pacheco, Colombian television host, announcer, journalist and actor (d. 2014) **Dick Biondi, American Top 40 and Oldies disc jockey *

– Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Qatari Emir (d. 2016) * September 18 – Nikolay Rukavishnikov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2002) * September 22 ** Algirdas Brazauskas, President of Lithuania (d. 2010) ** Ingemar Johansson, Swedish boxer (d. 2009) * September 25 ** Glenn Gould, Canadian pianist (d. 1982) ** Adolfo Suárez, 1st Spanish Prime Minister after the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, Franco (d. 2014) * September 26 ** Donna Douglas, American actress (''The Beverly Hillbillies'') (d. 2015) ** Vladimir Voinovich, Russian writer (d. 2018) ** Manmohan Singh, Indian economist and 13th Prime Minister of India *

** Oliver E. Williamson, American economist (d. 2020) ** Yash Chopra, Indian film director and producer (d. 2012) * September 28 – Víctor Jara, Chilean singer-songwriter (d. 1973) * September 29 ** Mehmood Ali, Mehmood, Indian actor (d. 2004) ** Rainer Weiss, German-born American gravitational physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate

October

* October 2 - Gabriel Woolf, British actor * October 8 – Ray Reardon, Welsh snooker player * October 10 – Frances Fox Piven, American sociologist * October 11 – Dottie West, American singer and songwriter (d. 1991) * October 12 ** Dick Gregory, African-American comedian and activist (d. 2017) ** Yuichiro Miura, Japanese alpinist * October 13 – Liliane Montevecchi, French-Italian actress, dancer and singer (d. 2018) * October 14 – Wolf Vostell, German artist (d. 1998) * October 18 – Vytautas Landsbergis, Lithuanian politician *

– Robert Reed, American actor (''The Brady Bunch'') (d. 1992) * October 20 – Rokurō Naya, Japanese voice actor (d. 2014) * October 24 ** Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, French physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007) ** Robert Mundell, Canadian economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2021) * October 26 – Manfred Max-Neef, Chilean economist (d. 2019) * October 27 ** Jean-Pierre Cassel, French actor (d. 2007) ** Harry Gregg, Northern Irish football goalkeeper and manager (d. 2020) ** Sylvia Plath, American poet and author (d. 1963) * October 28 ** Spyros Kyprianou, President of Cyprus (d. 2002) ** Suzy Parker, American fashion model and actress (d. 2003) * October 31 – Iemasa Kayumi, Japanese voice actor, actor and narrator (d. 2014)

November

– A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury, 13th President of Bangladesh *

– Henri Namphy, 35th President of Haiti (d. 2018) * November 3 – Albert Reynolds, 8th Taoiseach of Republic of Ireland, Ireland (d. 2014) * November 4 – Thomas Klestil, President of Austria (d. 2004) * November 8 ** Stéphane Audran, French actress (d. 2018) ** Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, Maltese politician, 5th President of Malta * November 9 – Orfeo Reda, Italian painter * November 10 ** Paul Bley, Canadian pianist (d. 2016) ** Roy Scheider, American actor (d. 2008) * November 11 – Germano Mosconi, Italian journalist (d. 2012) * November 13 – Richard Mulligan, American actor (d. 2000) * November 15 ** Petula Clark, British singer, actress and songwriter ** Clyde McPhatter, American singer (d. 1972) * November 21 – Pelle Gudmundsen-Holmgreen, Danish composer (d. 2016) * November 22 – Robert Vaughn, American actor (d. 2016) * November 24 – Claudio Naranjo, Chilean psychiatrist (d. 2019) * November 27 – Benigno Aquino Jr., Filipino politician and senator (d. 1983) * November 28 ** Gato Barbieri, Argentine jazz saxophonist (d. 2016) ** Ethel Ennis, African-American jazz singer (d. 2019) * November 29 ** Jacques Chirac, President of France (d. 2019) ** Ed Bickert, Canadian jazz musician (d. 2019)

December

* December 1 ** Dame Heather Begg, New Zealand mezzo-soprano (d. 2009) ** Jean-Jacques Guyon, French equestrian (d. 2017) * December 2 – Sergio Bonelli, Italian comic book author and publisher (d. 2011) * December 3 – Corry Brokken, Dutch singer, Eurovision Song Contest 1957 winner (d. 2016) * December 4 ** Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Tengku Ampuan of Pahang (d. 1988) ** Roh Tae-woo, 6th President of South Korea (d. 2021) * December 5 ** Sheldon Glashow, American physicist ** Little Richard, American singer and actor (d. 2020) * December 7 ** Ellen Burstyn, American actress ** J. B. Sumarlin, Indonesian economist and a former Minister of Finance (d. 2020) * December 9 – Donald Byrd, American jazz trumpeter (d. 2013) * December 10 – Howard McCurdy, Canadian politician (d. 2018) * December 11 – Enrique Bermúdez, Nicaraguan Contra leader (d. 1991) * December 12 – Bob Pettit, American basketball player * December 13 – Tatsuya Nakadai, Japanese actor * December 15 – Jesse Belvin, American rhythm and blues singer, pianist, and songwriter (d. 1960) * December 16 – Rodion Shchedrin, Russian composer and pianist * December 28 ** Nichelle Nichols, American actress (d. 2022) ** Manuel Puig, Argentinian writer (d. 1990) ** Titien Sumarni, Indonesian actress (d. 1966) * December 29 – Inga Swenson, American actress and singer

Deaths

January – February

Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13109, Edgar Wallace

Paolo Boselli, dal 1858 al 1932 - Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 0043 C

LOUISE REED STOWELL A woman of the century (page 708 crop)

* January 2 – Paul Pau, French general (b. 1848) * January 7 – André Maginot, French soldier and politician (b. 1877) * January 8 ** Antoni Maria Alcover i Sureda, Spanish Roman Catholic priest and writer (b. 1862) ** Eurosia Fabris, Italian Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1866) * January 12 – James Felts, American newspaper editor and politician (b. 1866) * January 13 – Ernest Mangnall, English football manager (b. 1866) * January 18 – Dmitry Shcherbachev, Russian general (b. 1857) * January 21 – Lytton Strachey, British writer and biographer (b. 1880) *

– Sir Alfred Yarrow, British shipbuilder and philanthropist (b. 1842) *

**Edward Stinson, Edward "Eddie" Stinson, American aviator and aircraft manufacturer (b. 1893) **William Wrigley Jr., American chewing gum industrialist (b. 1861) * February 1 – Farabundo Martí, Salvadorean revolutionary (murdered) (b. 1893) *

– Louise Reed Stowell, American scientist, author (b. 1850) * February 8 ** Mad Dog Coll, American gangster (b. 1908) ** Jean César Graziani, French general (b. 1859) ** Yordan Milanov, Bulgarian architect (b. 1867) * February 10 – Edgar Wallace, British novelist and screenwriter (b. 1875) *

– Minnie Maddern Fiske, American actress (b. 1865) * February 16 ** Ferdinand Buisson, French pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1841) ** Edgar Speyer, Sir Edgar Speyer, American-born international financier and philanthropist (b. 1862) * February 17 – Albert Johnson (criminal), Albert Johnson, Canadian criminal *

– Frederick Augustus III of Saxony, Frederick Augustus III, last King of Saxony (b. 1865) * February 23 – László Lukács, 17th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1850) * February 29 – Ramon Casas i Carbó, Spanish painter (b. 1866)

March – April

** Frank Teschemacher, American musician (b. 1906) ** Dino Campana, Italian poet (b. 1885) *

– Angela of the Cross, Spanish Roman Catholic nun and saint (b. 1846) * March 6 – John Philip Sousa, American band leader, conductor, and composer (''The Stars and Stripes Forever'') (b. 1854) * March 7 ** Heinrich Clam-Martinic, Austrian statesman, former Prime Minister (b. 1863) ** Aristide Briand, French statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1862) * March 8 – Minna Craucher, Finnish socialite and spy (b. 1891) * March 11 – Dora Carrington, British painter (b. 1893) * March 10 – Paolo Boselli, 22nd Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1838) *

– Frederick Jackson Turner, American historian (b. 1861) * March 17 – Iliaz Vrioni, Albanian statesman, former Prime Minister (b. 1882) *

–

, American inventor (''Kodak'') (b. 1854) *

– Chauncey Olcott, American stage actor and singer-songwriter (b. 1858) * March 24 – George Harris, 4th Baron Harris, English cricketer and colonial administrator (b. 1851) * March 31 – Eben Byers, American steel tycoon and socialite (radiation poisoning) (b. 1880) * April 2 **Rose Coghlan, English actress (b. 1851) **Bill Pickett, African-American cowboy whose parents were slaves (b. 1870) * April 4 – Wilhelm Ostwald, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1853) *

– Phar Lap, Australian racehorse (b. 1926) * April 20 – Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician (b. 1858) * April 22 – Ferenc Oslay, Hungarians, Hungarian-Slovenes, Slovene historian, writer and irredenta (b. 1883) * April 26 – Bill Lockwood (cricketer), Bill Lockwood, English cricketer (b. 1868) * April 27 – Hart Crane, American poet (b. 1899) *

– José Félix Uriburu, 22nd President of Argentina (b. 1868)

May – June

* May 3 ** Henri de Gaulle, father of Charles de Gaulle (b. 1848) ** Charles Fort, American researcher of the unusual (b. 1874) * May 7 – Paul Doumer, President of France (assassinated) (b. 1857) * May 8 – Petar Gudev, 16th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1863) * May 15 –

, 18th Prime Minister of Japan (assassinated) (b. 1855) * May 17 – Frederick C. Billard, Commandant of the Coast Guard, Commandant of the United States Coast Guard (b. 1873) * May 22 – Lady Gregory, Irish writer and folklorist (b. 1852) *

– Franz von Hipper, German admiral (b. 1863) *

–

, Japanese general (assassinated) (b. 1869) *

– John Hubbard (admiral), John Hubbard, American admiral (b. 1849) * June 3 – Dorabji Tata, Indian businessman (b. 1859) * June 6 – Ernest Broșteanu, Romanian general (b. 1869) * June 9 – Edith Cowan, Australian social reformer and politician (b. 1861) * June 12 – Theo Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1852) * June 13 – Alexander Bethell, Sir Alexander Bethell, British admiral (b. 1855) *

– Arthur Lawley, 6th Baron Wenlock, British colonial administrator (b. 1860) *

– Felipe Segundo Guzmán , 30th President of Bolivia (b. 1879) * June 19 – Sol Plaatje, South African journalist, politician and writer. (b. 1876) * June 21 – Major Taylor, American cyclist (b. 1878) *

– Ernst Põdder, Estonian military commander (b. 1879) * June 27 – Francis P. Duffy, Canadian American Roman Catholic priest (b. 1871) * June 29 – William Humble Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley, 4th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1867)

July – August

Duke_Alexander_Petrovich_of_Oldenburg_(1844-1932)

* July 2 – King Manuel II of Portugal (b. 1889) * July 6 – Kenneth Grahame, British-born author (''The Wind In The Willows'') (b. 1859) *

– Henry Eyster Jacobs, American Lutheran theologian (b. 1844) *

– King C. Gillette, American businessman, safety razor inventor (b. 1855) * July 10 – Martha Hughes Cannon, American politician (b. 1857) * July 15 – Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven, South African playwright, poet and politician. (b. 1873) * July 16 – Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer, British general (b. 1857) *

– Rosa Louise Woodberry, American journalist, educator (b. 1869) * July 22 ** Reginald Fessenden, Canadian inventor (b. 1866) ** Errico Malatesta, Italian anarchist (b. 1853) ** Florenz Ziegfeld Jr., American Broadway impresario (b. 1867) * July 23 ** Tenby Davies, Welsh half-mile world champion runner (b. 1884) ** Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazilian aviation pioneer (suicide) (b. 1873) *July 24 - Hidaka Sōnojō, Japanese admiral (b. 1848) * July 27 – Archduchess Gisela of Austria (b. 1856) *

– Sulejman Delvina, Albanian politician, 5th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1884) *

** Dan Brouthers, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1858) ** Ignaz Seipel, two-time Chancellor of Austria (b. 1876) * August 15 – Traian Moșoiu, Romanian general and politician (b. 1868) *

– Hans Zenker, German admiral (b. 1870) * August 19 – Johannes Schober, three-time Chancellor of Austria (b. 1874) * August 24 – Kate M. Gordon, American suffragette (b. 1861)

September – October

* September 5 – Paul Bern, American screenwriter (b. 1889) * September 6 ** Duke Alexander of Oldenburg (b. 1844) ** Sir Gilbert Parker, 1st Baronet, Canadian-born British novelist and politician (b. 1862) * September 8 – Christian von Ehrenfels, Austrian philosopher (b. 1859) * September 13 – Julius Röntgen, German-Dutch classical composer (b. 1855) * September 16 **Ronald Ross, Sir Ronald Ross, British physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1857) **Peg Entwistle, film actress (b. 1908) * September 18 – C. C. van Asch van Wijck, Dutch artist, sculptor (b. 1900) *

– Wovoka, Paiute visionary (''Ghost Dance'') (b. c. 1856) * September 22 – Claude C. Hopkins, American advertising executive (b. 1866) *

– Jules Chéret, French poster designer (b. 1836) * September 25 – Joel R. P. Pringle, American admiral (b. 1873) * September 29 – Jesse Pomeroy, youngest convicted murderer in Massachusetts (b. 1859) * September 30 ** Francisco S. Carvajal, 36th President of Mexico (b. 1870) **Constantin Coandă, Romanian general and politician, 26th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1857) *

– Emanuel Hoffmann, Swiss jurist and art collector. *October 5 – Christopher Brennan, Australian poet and scholar (b. 1870) * October 17 – Lucy Bacon, American painter (b. 1857) * October 22 – Anna Elizabeth Dickinson, American orator and lecturer (b. 1842) * October 26 – Molly Brown, Denver socialite, noted survivor of the Sinking of the RMS Titanic, sinking of the RMS ''Titanic'' (b. 1867) * October 30 – Paul Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen, British field marshal (b. 1845)

November – December

* November 4 – Belle Bennett, American actress (b. 1891) * November 12 – Alessandro Tonini, Italian aeronautical engineer and aircraft designer and manufacturer (b. 1885) * November 14 – Herman Bendell, Civil War surgeon and Superintendent of Indian Affairs Arizona Territory (b. 1843) * November 15 – Charles W. Chesnutt, African-American author, essayist and political activist (b. 1858) * November 17 – Leónidas Plaza, 16th President of Ecuador (b. 1865) * November 22 – William Walker Atkinson, American writer (b. 1862) * December 2 – Amadeo Vives, Spanish composer (b. 1871) * December 4 – Gustav Meyrink, Austrian writer (b. 1868) * December 8 – Gertrude Jekyll, English garden designer, writer and artist (b. 1843) * December 9 ** Roquia Sakhawat Hussain, Bangladeshi writer and social worker (b. 1880) ** Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa, Ruler of Bahrain, Hakim of Bahrain (b. 1848) * December 18 – Eduard Bernstein, German socialist (b. 1850) * December 19 – Yun Bong-gil, Korean resister against Japanese occupation of Korea (executed) (b. 1908) * December 26 - The Rogers Brothers, Max Rogers, American vaudevillian (b. 1873) * December 28 – Malcolm Whitman, American tennis player (b. 1877)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Werner Heisenberg, Werner Karl Heisenberg * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Irving Langmuir * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Sir Charles Scott Sherrington, Edgar Douglas Adrian * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – John Galsworthy * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – not awarded

References

External links

The 1930s Timeline: 1932
– from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia {{DEFAULTSORT:1932 1932, Leap years in the Gregorian calendar