The 1988 Hamilton municipal election was held on November 14, 1988 to elect a Regional Chairman, a Mayor, sixteen members to

Hamilton, Ontario City Council Hamilton City Council is the governing body of the City of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Since 21 November 1960, Council has met at Hamilton City Hall at 71 Main Street West. The current council consists of the mayor In many countries, a mayor ...

, seventeen members to the Hamilton Board of Education and thirteen members to the Hamilton-Wentworth Roman Catholic Separate School Board.

Regional Chairman election

, - !rowspan="2" colspan="2", Candidate !colspan="3", Popular vote , - ! Votes ! % ! ±% , - , style="background-color:#56A0D3;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Reg Whynott , style="text-align:right;" , 45,417 , style="text-align:right;" , 35.03% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#FF0000;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Reg Wheeler , style="text-align:right;" , 38,203 , style="text-align:right;" , 29.47% , style="text-align:right;" , n/a , - , style="background-color:#1C39BB;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Pat Valeriano , style="text-align:right;" , 21,116 , style="text-align:right;" , 16.29% , style="text-align:right;" , n/a , - , style="background-color:#B768A2;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Paul Cowell , style="text-align:right;" , 21,116 , style="text-align:right;" , 12.70% , style="text-align:right;" , n/a , - , style="background-color:#74C365;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Ian Stout , style="text-align:right;" , 21,116 , style="text-align:right;" , 6.52% , style="text-align:right;" , n/a , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Total Votes , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 129,655 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 100% , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Registered Voters , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" , Note: The 1988 election was the first where voters elected the Regional Chairman.
Note: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" , Sources: LeFaive, Doug. "New chairman tackles province," ''Hamilton Spectator'', Tuesday, November 15, 1988,
Metro, B1

Mayoral Election

The 1988 Mayoral race was overshadowed by a number of events, namely aldermanic contests, the 1988 Federal election and the first general election for the Hamilton-Wentworth regional chairman. The two-person race drew little attention from local media, with reporters and commentators noting that Church of the Universe minister

Michael Baldasaro Michael A. James Baldasaro (May 23, 1949 – June 9, 2016) was a Canadian political and religious figure from Hamilton, Ontario. He presided over a religious sect known as the Church of the Universe. Baldasaro received significant media coverage ...

had little chance of defeating incumbent mayor

Bob Morrow Robert Maxwell Morrow (August 9, 1946 – February 4, 2018) was a Canadian politician who served as 52nd mayor of Hamilton from 1982 to 2000. He was the longest-serving mayor in the city's history. Political career Born in Hamilton, Morrow fi ...

. On election night, Morrow said that his return with over 90% of the vote was nearly an

acclamation An acclamation is a form of election that does not use a ballot. It derives from the ancient Roman word ''acclamatio'', a kind of ritual greeting and expression of approval towards imperial officials in certain social contexts. Voting Voice vot ...

, while Baldasaro indicated that he would not stop contesting elections and advancing the use of

marijuana Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a psychoactive drug from the cannabis plant. Native to Central or South Asia, the cannabis plant has been used as a drug for both recreational and entheogenic purposes and in various tra ...

. , - !rowspan="2" colspan="2", Candidate !colspan="3", Popular vote , - ! Votes ! % ! ±% , - , style="background-color:#9BDDFF;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Robert Morrow (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 74,969 , style="text-align:right;" , 90.87% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#69359C;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Michael Baldasaro , style="text-align:right;" , 7,528 , style="text-align:right;" , 9.12% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Total votes , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 82,497 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , Note 1 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Registered voters , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" , Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" , Sources: Christmas, Brian. "Morrow swept back in with over 90% of the vote,"
''The Hamilton Spectator'', November 15, 1988, Metro, B2.

City Council Election

Ward One (West Hamilton-McMaster)

The 1988 Election in Ward One saw tensions between homeowners and student residents come to the forefront of the campaign. In the summer of 1988,

passed a bylaw aimed at reducing the prominence of student houses in the area by limiting the number of unrelated

tenants A leasehold estate is an ownership of a temporary right to hold land or property in which a lessee or a tenant holds rights of real property by some form of title from a lessor or landlord. Although a tenant does hold rights to real property, a l ...

in a

single family home A stand-alone house (also called a single-detached dwelling, detached residence or detached house) is a free-standing residential building. It is sometimes referred to as a single-family home, as opposed to a multi-family residential dwelling ...

to five. This decision angered the

McMaster Students Union The McMaster Students Union (MSU), is the central undergraduate student government at McMaster University, in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. History The McMaster Student Body, the original student government, was formed in 1890 when McMaster Univers ...

and prompted a concentrated effort on behalf of the

undergraduate Undergraduate education is education conducted after secondary education and before postgraduate education. It typically includes all postsecondary programs up to the level of a bachelor's degree. For example, in the United States, an entry-lev ...

representative body to find a pro-student candidate to challenge incumbent aldermen Terry Cooke and Mary Kiss. Ultimately, the attempt was unsuccessful. MSU president Cyrus Barucha noted that "Our real hope was to find someone respected by both the community and the students...we had several people in mind, but none of them were willing to come forward.""Student housing number one issue", ''Hamilton Spectator'', Tuesday, November 8, 1988, Metro, B2. While student housing in the area was a main issue, the incumbent candidates stood firmly on a platform of their track records. Cooke, a one-term alderman and, at the time, the youngest member of council, pushed for more

affordable housing Affordable housing is housing which is deemed affordable to those with a household income at or below the median as rated by the national government or a local government by a recognized housing affordability index. Most of the literature on affo ...

and improvements to the area's roads while fighting for

fiscal responsibility A balanced budget (particularly that of a government) is a budget in which revenues are equal to expenditures. Thus, neither a budget deficit nor a budget surplus exists (the accounts "balance"). More generally, it is a budget that has no budge ...

The Spectator ''The Spectator'' is a weekly British magazine on politics, culture, and current affairs. It was first published in July 1828, making it the oldest surviving weekly magazine in the world. It is owned by Frederick Barclay, who also owns ''The ...

noted that Cooke had attempted to secure over $250,000 in budget cuts in 1988. Cooke's campaign slogan in 1988 was ''Practical Progressive Representation''. Kiss maintained her track record of a champion for the people, while highlighting the importance of preserving both the unique neighbourhoods and environmental characteristics of Ward One. A two-term alderman at the time, Kiss faced considerable criticism from members of the community over her opposition to the construction of two three-storey

apartment buildings An apartment (American English), or flat (British English, Indian English, South African English), is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies part of a building, generally on a single story. There are man ...

on Broadway Avenue near

McMaster University McMaster University (McMaster or Mac) is a public research university in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The main McMaster campus is on of land near the residential neighbourhoods of Ainslie Wood and Westdale, adjacent to the Royal Botanical Ga ...

. A small group of residents disapproved of the proposal to change the site's zoning from

light industrial Light industry are industries that usually are less capital-intensive than heavy industry and are more consumer-oriented than business-oriented, as they typically produce smaller consumer goods. Most light industry products are produced for e ...

residential A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas. Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residen ...

and stormed a meeting of city council where the issue was to be discussed. Kiss championed their cause, but was ultimately unsuccessful thanks to a ruling against their stand by the

Ontario Municipal Board The Ontario Municipal Board (OMB) was an independent administrative board, operated as an adjudicative tribunal, in the province of Ontario, Canada. It heard applications and appeals on municipal and planning disputes, as well as other matters sp ...

. Challenger Neil Hughes was a local businessman and political activist, having worked on the campaigns of

Lincoln Alexander Lincoln MacCauley Alexander (January 21, 1922 – October 19, 2012) was a Canadian lawyer who became the first Black Canadian member of Parliament in the House of Commons, the first Black federal Cabinet Minister (as federal Minister of Labou ...

and

Victor Copps The name Victor or Viktor may refer to: * Victor (name), including a list of people with the given name, mononym, or surname Arts and entertainment Film * Victor (1951 film), ''Victor'' (1951 film), a French drama film * Victor (1993 film), ...

. Hughes was upset about a perceived attitude of favourability toward special interest groups by members of council and the handing of the student housing bylaw that he called "unenforceable". Hughes mentioned during the campaign that if he was unable to unseat either Kiss or Cooke, he would seek election once more in

1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phil ...

, which he ultimately did not do. On election night, Cooke and Kiss were returned to council by a comfortable margin over Hughes. Cooke joked with Spectator reporter Mike Hanley that, if early results showed he was losing, people should look for him at the high-level bridge. Kiss commented that, despite placing second to Cooke for a second time, she was merely humbled to be elected to a third term. , - !rowspan="2" colspan="2", Candidate !colspan="3", Popular vote , - ! Votes ! % ! ±% , - , style="background-color:#E4D00A;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Terry Cooke (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 7,723 , style="text-align:right;" , 43.09% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#00563F;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Mary Kiss (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 6,567 , style="text-align:right;" , 36.64% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#5D8AA8;" , , style="text-align:left;" , C. Neil Hughes , style="text-align:right;" , 3,633 , style="text-align:right;" , 20.27% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Total votes , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 11,067 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , Note 1 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Registered voters , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 41.65% , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" , Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" , Sources: Hanley, Mike. "No need for trip to the High Level Bridge", ''The Hamilton Spectator'',
November 15, 1988, Metro, B2.

Ward Two (Downtown)

Of the major issues facing Ward Two in the 1988 election, high-rise development, an aging population and the actions of the incumbent aldermen were at the forefront of the campaign. Traffic and parking issues were prominent as well, but more pressing were issues relating to the ward's long-time representatives. Incumbent alderman Vince Agro had served in his capacity as one of Ward Two's two representatives at city hall since 1964, with only three years off from 1976 to 1979 after a failed mayoralty bid. The former teacher had come under fire for his campaign against the city's executive committee and was widely critiqued in the area for his support of a high-density senior's building near a popular local landmark, the Thistle Club. Agro also cited the completion of a park on the

harbourfront Harbourfront may refer to: * Harbourfront (Toronto), a neighbourhood in Toronto ** 509 Harbourfront, Toronto streetcar route **Harbourfront Centre, cultural organization on the waterfront of Toronto * HarbourFront (Singapore), waterfront site in Si ...

and maintaining the Durand neighbourhood's character in the face of proposed high-rise developments. His main opposition came from residents of the city's Corktown and Stinson neighbourhoods, who were, "less than impressed with his efforts at ward healing." Agro was a prominent Hamilton-area

Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...

, garnering the support of Culture and Communications Minister

Lily Munro Lily Oddie (September 27, 1937 – April 6, 2021), formerly known as Lily Munro, was a former provincial politician in Ontario, Canada. She is best known for having been involved in a fundraising scandal involving Patti Starr. Oddie married pro ...

and

CHCH-TV CHCH-DT (channel 11) is an independent television station in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Owned by Channel Zero, the station maintains studios on Innovation Drive in the west end of Hamilton; prior to 2021, it was located near the corner of Jack ...

reporter

Stan Keyes Stanley Kazmierczak Keyes, (born May 17, 1953 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian diplomat and former politician. Before politics Before entering politics, Keyes was a television news reporter from 1973 to 1988. He covered local news in Hamil ...

, who would represent Hamilton West in Parliament from

1988 File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...

until

2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 6 ...

. Agro's seatmate, Bill McCulloch, sought his eleventh term on council, and was, at the time, the longest-serving alderman in the city. His decision to seek another term surprised many in the city, as he had indicated he would not be running in the 1988 election. This announcement placed him in the most objective position to review the pay of alderman, which was completed during his tenth term at city hall and recommended increasing the pay of municipal representatives by 24%. McCulloch was chairman of the city's Hamilton–Scourge Project, which sought to raise two schooners from the

War of 1812 The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. It bega ...

from

Lake Ontario Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the U.S. state of New York. The Canada–United States border sp ...

, which was a priority for the former naval officer. William Laidlaw, a

Canada Post Canada Post Corporation (french: Société canadienne des postes), trading as Canada Post (french: Postes Canada), is a Crown corporation that functions as the primary postal operator in Canada. Originally known as Royal Mail Canada (the opera ...

worker, challenged Agro and McCulloch for a second time, running on a platform of open communication. Laidlaw noted that he was frustrated the city spent considerable amounts of money on improving the Gore Park area and then allowed '

peep shows A peep show or peepshow is a presentation of a live sex show or pornographic film which is viewed through a viewing slot. Several historical media provided voyeuristic entertainment through hidden erotic imagery. Before the development of the ci ...

' to open up around it. Laidlaw was supported in his bid by the local

New Democratic Party The New Democratic Party (NDP; french: Nouveau Parti démocratique, NPD) is a federal political party in Canada. Widely described as social democratic,The party is widely described as social democratic: * * * * * * * * * * * * t ...

, the Hamilton and District Labour Council and the Letter Carriers Union of Canada, Local 3. Retiree Joe Gaul sought election, running on an anti-incumbency platform, challenging McCulloch's plan to raise the Hamilton and Scourge. Gaul was active with the

Royal Canadian Legion The Royal Canadian Legion is a non-profit Canadian ex-service organization (veterans' organization) founded in 1925. Membership includes people who have served as military, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, provincial and municipal police, Royal ...

Branch 163. Gaul ran with the slogan ''Go For Gaul!'' during the campaign. , - !rowspan="2" colspan="2", Candidate !colspan="3", Popular vote , - ! Votes ! % ! ±% , - , style="background-color:#FF0000;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Vince Agro (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 4,372 , style="text-align:right;" , 49.78% , style="text-align:right;" , ±0% , - , style="background-color:#002E63;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Bill McCulloch (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 4,229 , style="text-align:right;" , 48.16% , style="text-align:right;" , +0.9% , - , style="background-color:#FFA700;" , , style="text-align:left;" , William Laidlaw , style="text-align:right;" , 3,110 , style="text-align:right;" , 35.41 , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#87A96B;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Joe Gaul , style="text-align:right;" , 2,287 , style="text-align:right;" , 26.04 , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Total votes , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 8,782 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , Note 1 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Registered voters , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 28,848 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 30.44% , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" , Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" , Sources: Morrison, Suzanne. "McCulloch, Agro team re-elected in Ward 2", ''The Hamilton Spectator'',
November 15, 1988, Metro, B2.

Ward Three (East Hamilton-Stipley)

Ward Three was a hotly contested race, with incumbent alderman Pat Valeriano seeking the office of Regional Chairman over another term as East Hamilton-Stipley's representative. A working-class ward, the area faced the problem of slum landlords failing to maintain neighbourhoods, heavy trucks posing safety problems and industrial-residential mixing that negatively impacted the health of residents. Incumbent alderman Brian Hinkley had considered seeking the office of Regional Chairman, but after unsuccessfully standing as a New Democratic candidate against

Hamilton Centre Hamilton Centre (french: Hamilton-Centre) is a federal electoral district in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. History It was created in 2003 from parts of Hamilton East, Hamil ...

during the 1987 Ontario Provincial Election, he found his resources drained and threw his energies into retaining his Ward Three seat. Hinkley, a long-time labour activist, focused his campaign on moving trucks from local roads to larger thoroughfares and improving access to the waterfront. The highest profile contender for the open Ward Three seat was Don Drury, campaign manager and assistant to

Sheila Copps Sheila Maureen Copps (born November 27, 1952) is a former Canadian politician who also served as the sixth deputy prime minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to April 30, 1996, and June 19, 1996, to June 11, 1997. Her father, Victor Copps, ...

. Drury was a candidate in

1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...

, finishing fourth, and ran on a similar platform in 1988, focusing on affordable housing and attracting clean industry to the city. Marketing consultant Doreen Johnson was a community activist, serving on the Status of Women subcommittee at the city level and volunteering with the Immigrant Action Committee and the Hamilton and District Multicultural Centre. Tim Nolan also sought the seat, pushing for economic development and repairing sewers through the ward. , - !rowspan="2" colspan="2", Candidate !colspan="3", Popular vote , - ! Votes ! % ! ±% , - , style="background-color:#FF7F00;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Brian Hinkley (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 6,848 , style="text-align:right;" , 64.8% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#FF0000;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Don Drury , style="text-align:right;" , 4,673 , style="text-align:right;" , 44.22% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#8DB600;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Doreen Johnson , style="text-align:right;" , 2,779 , style="text-align:right;" , 26.3% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#FF003F;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Tim Nolan , style="text-align:right;" , 2,210 , style="text-align:right;" , 21% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Total votes , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 10,568 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , Note 1 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Registered voters , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 30,323 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 34.85% , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" , Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" , Sources: Milton, Steve. "Drury vows he won't be meek voice", ''Hamilton Spectator'' November 15,
1988, Metro, B2.

Ward Four (East Hamilton-Barton)

Following the defeats of both incumbent alderman in Ward Four during the 1985 election, only one challenger entered the race against

David Christopherson David Christopherson (born October 5, 1954) is a Canadian politician. From 2004 until 2019, he represented the riding of Hamilton Centre in the House of Commons of Canada. He previously served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1990 to ...

and Geraldine Copps. Road upgrades, improving sewers and the environmental impact of sewage treatment plants and the regional garbage incinerator were all cited as major concerns by the residents of the ward during the election. Wife of former mayor

Victor The name Victor or Viktor may refer to: * Victor (name), including a list of people with the given name, mononym, or surname Arts and entertainment Film * ''Victor'' (1951 film), a French drama film * ''Victor'' (1993 film), a French shor ...

and the mother of MP

Sheila Sheila (alternatively spelled Shelagh and Sheelagh) is a common feminine given name, derived from the Irish name ''Síle'', which is believed to be a Gaelic form of the Latin name Caelia, the feminine form of the Roman clan name Caelius, meanin ...

, Copps had built a record on supporting local residents against business interests. Early in her first term, she fought against a proposal to have

food waste Food loss and waste is food that is not eaten. The causes of food waste or loss are numerous and occur throughout the food system, during production, processing, distribution, retail and food service sales, and consumption. Overall, about o ...

from

Pearson International Airport Lester B. Pearson International Airport , commonly known as Toronto Pearson International Airport, is an international airport located in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. It is the main airport serving Toronto, its metropolitan area, and the surro ...

Toronto Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the ancho ...

incinerated in Hamilton and stood with workers at the Hamilton's water treatment plant in their fight to prevent

PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are highly carcinogenic chemical compounds, formerly used in industrial and consumer products, whose production was banned in the United States by the Toxic Substances Control Act in 1979 and internationally by t ...

from being stored at their facility. During the 1988 campaign, she fought for improvements to local traffic and lower taxes. Copps' campaign was adversely effected by the death of her husband during her first term, saying "It blew the wind out of our sails." Christopherson earned a reputation as a diligent committee chairman and advocate for the ward's disadvantaged. He championed changes to the city's subsidized bus pass for seniors, but attempts to broker a similar deal for Hamilton's unemployed failed. After a vote of council approved a 24% pay increase for aldermen, Christopherson refused to accept his, saying he disagreed with the process. The only challenger to Copps and Christopherson was right-leaning plumber Bob Fanjoy, who ran last in the 1985 election. Fanjoy ran on a campaign of increasing the number of

retirement home A retirement home – sometimes called an old people's home or old age home, although ''old people's home'' can also refer to a nursing home – is a multi-residence housing facility intended for the elderly. Typically, each person or couple i ...

s in the ward, as well as pushing to clean up pollution and improving transportation in the area. , - !rowspan="2" colspan="2", Candidate !colspan="3", Popular vote , - ! Votes ! % ! ±% , - , style="background-color:#FF0000;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Geraldine Copps (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 8,174 , style="text-align:right;" , 69.38% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#FF7F00;" , , style="text-align:left;" , David Christopherson (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 8,055 , style="text-align:right;" , 68.38% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#002E63;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Bob Fanjoy , style="text-align:right;" , 2,319 , style="text-align:right;" , 19.67% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Total votes , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 11,787 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , Note 1 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Registered voters , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 28,764 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 40.90% , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" , Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" , Sources: Benedetti, Paul. "Clean campaign for a dirty job in Ward 4", ''The Hamilton Spectator'',
November 15, 1988, Metro, B2.

Ward Five (Red Hill-Rosedale)

Issues for the residents of Ward Five nearly all centered around traffic, as the ward was to play host to the controversial

Red Hill Valley Expressway The Red Hill Valley Parkway (RHVP) is a municipal expressway in the Canadian city of Hamilton, Ontario. The route connects the Lincoln M. Alexander Parkway, Hamilton's second municipal expressway, to the Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW) near Hamilton H ...

. The ward's political makeup was altered between the

and 1988 elections, with incumbent alderman

Shirley Collins Shirley Elizabeth Collins MBE (born 5 July 1935) is an English folk singer who was a significant contributor to the English Folk Revival of the 1960s and 1970s. She often performed and recorded with her sister Dolly, whose accompaniment on ...

stepping down in

1987 File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, k ...

to successfully stand as

candidate for

MPP MPP or M.P.P. may refer to: * Marginal physical product * Master of Public Policy, an academic degree * Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario), Canada * Member of Provincial Parliament (Western Cape), South Africa * ''Merriweather Post Pavilion ...

for Hamilton East. A 1987 by-election brought Catholic school board trustee

Dominic Agostino Dominic Agostino (October 14, 1959 – March 24, 2004) was a Canadian politician who represented the riding of Hamilton East for the Liberal Party in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 until his death in 2004. Background Born in Sic ...

to council, who had only 11 months of experience as alderman before contesting the 1988 election. The ward's second alderman, Reg Wheeler, announced he would not be seeking reelection to council, rather entering the race for regional chairman instead. Agostino, for his part, ran on a platform of building more affordable housing, reducing local taxes and increasing voter connection to city hall. During his short tenure on council, Agostino angered some of his colleagues who criticized him of opportunism, after he created a bingo task force to examine how the industry operated in Hamilton, became the chairman of it and subsequently disbanded it. After the Wheeler's announcement that he would be seeking higher office, former alderman Fred Lombardo, whom Wheeler defeated in 1985, announced his intention to contest his old seat. After a failed attempt in

to become

for Hamilton East as a Progressive Conservative, Lombardo ran on a platform of improving transportation and increasing police presence in the area. Shipping foreman Tom Rusich sought election for the third time in 1988, after contesting both the 1985 election and 1987 by-election in the ward. Risich supported the Red Hill Valley Expressway and campaigned on better parks for local residents. Elizabeth Savelli was an expressway opponent and campaigned on a platform of better planning and bringing down taxes though one-tier local government. Local actress Vera Raiser also contested the election, promoting a citywide anti-drug program and using abandoned local factories as uniform manufacturers for school children. , - !rowspan="2" colspan="2", Candidate !colspan="3", Popular vote , - ! Votes ! % ! ±% , - , style="background-color:#FF0000;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Dominic Agostino (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 7,120 , style="text-align:right;" , 60.89% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#002E63;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Fred Lombardo , style="text-align:right;" , 3,828 , style="text-align:right;" , 32.73% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#FF7F00;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Tom Rusich , style="text-align:right;" , 3,505 , style="text-align:right;" , 29.97% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#8DB600", , style="text-align:left;" , Elizabeth Savelli , style="text-align:right;" , 3,165 , style="text-align:right;" , 27.07% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#915C83;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Vera Raiser , style="text-align:right;" , 1,307 , style="text-align:right;" , 11.18% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Total votes , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 11,694 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , Note 1 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Registered voters , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 28,848 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 30.44% , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" , Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" , Sources: McNeil, Mark. "Long night's vigil for Lombardo", ''The Hamilton Spectator'',
November 15, 1988, Metro, B2.

Ward Six (East Mountain)

Ward Six faced issues characteristic of the city's mountain wards in 1988, with older neighbourhoods close to the

Escarpment An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations. The terms ''scarp'' and ''scarp face'' are often used interchangeably with ''escar ...

requiring significant road repairs, senior citizens demanding more services and new families in suburban developments to the south expecting low taxes. Neglect of sidewalks, parks and other municipal services were major issues, with challengers proposing to fix the problems and keep taxes low to appease the ward's diverse communities. Three-term alderman Paul Cowell declined to seek election in Ward Six, opting to contest the regional chairman's position instead. A controversial figure, Cowell was forced to resign as chairman of a regional committee after allegations that he was promoting his own business interests surfaced in 1987. A Progressive Conservative who unsuccessfully sought his party's nomination to stand as MPP for

Hamilton Mountain Hamilton is located on the western end of the Niagara Peninsula and wraps around the westernmost part of the Lake Ontario. Most of the city including the downtown section lies along the south shore. Situated in the geographic centre of the Golden ...

, Cowell was also threatened with a slander lawsuit in 1988 after making allegations about illegal dumping against a local waste management company. Incumbent alderman John Smith, who served as Hamilton Mountain's Progressive Conservative MPP from

1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...

until being defeated by

New Democrat New Democrats, also known as centrist Democrats, Clinton Democrats, or moderate Democrats, are a centrist ideological faction within the Democratic Party in the United States. As the Third Way faction of the party, they are seen as culturall ...

Brian Charlton Brian Albert Charlton (born May 22, 1947) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a New Democratic member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1977 to 1995 who represented the riding of Hamilton Mountain. He served as a cabinet ...

1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...

, fought the 1988 race on improving water quality and improving council conduct. Of the challengers, Tom Jackson ran the most aggressive campaign, noted in local media as appearing as if he was seeking federal or provincial office. A local businessman and McMaster graduate, Jackson ran third in the 1985 race. During the 1988 campaign, he called for the city to curb its spending habits, referred to the pay increase approved by alderman as 'disgusting' and was quoted as saying "I sense a yearning for a return to politicians who have honour, integrity, decency and accessibility." Ken Stone, a local

employee and activist, worked with the Hamilton-Wentworth Social Planning and Research Council, the Hamilton and District Labour Council and the local

. Stone fought for more openness in government and improved services for the residents of the ward. Two-time candidate and high school

gym teacher Physical education, often abbreviated to Phys Ed. or P.E., is a subject taught in schools around the world. It is usually taught during primary and secondary education, and encourages psychomotor learning by using a play and movement exploratio ...

Vince Formosi sought election once more in 1988, fought for Escarpment beautification, opening City Hall on Saturdays and proposed a south-Mountain superpark with a

wave pool A wave pool is a swimming pool in which there are artificially generated, large waves, similar to those of the ocean. Wave pools are often a major feature of water parks, both indoors and outdoors, as well as some leisure centres. History T ...

golf course A golf course is the grounds on which the sport of golf is played. It consists of a series of holes, each consisting of a tee box, a fairway, the rough and other hazards, and a green with a cylindrical hole in the ground, known as a "cup". Th ...

hotel A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a ref ...

and

shopping mall A shopping mall (or simply mall) is a North American term for a large indoor shopping center, usually anchored by department stores. The term "mall" originally meant a pedestrian promenade with shops along it (that is, the term was used to refe ...

. Peter O'Hagan was an opponent of the Red Hill Valley Expressway and ran on a

conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization i ...

platform of reducing alderman's pay, dropping council's responsibilities to a part-time and cutting most civic spending.

University of Waterloo The University of Waterloo (UWaterloo, UW, or Waterloo) is a public research university with a main campus in Waterloo, Ontario Waterloo is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality ...

urban planning Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, ...

student Allan McDiarmid ran a very low-key campaign, pushing for all-day

GO Train GO Transit rail services are provided throughout the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) and the Greater Golden Horseshoe. The GO Transit rail fleet consists of 90 MPI MP40 locomotives and 979 Bombardier BiLevel Coaches. In , the system had ...

service, a quick completion of the Red Hill Valley Expressway and one-tier local government. , - !rowspan="2" colspan="2", Candidate !colspan="3", Popular vote , - ! Votes ! % ! ±% , - , style="background-color:#6495ED;" , , style="text-align:left;" , John Smith (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 7,448 , style="text-align:right;" , 53.72% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#002E63;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Tom Jackson , style="text-align:right;" , 6,706 , style="text-align:right;" , 48.37% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#FF7F00;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Ken Stone , style="text-align:right;" , 3,785 , style="text-align:right;" , 27.3% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#A1CAF1;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Vince Formosi , style="text-align:right;" , 3,311 , style="text-align:right;" , 23.88% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#8B0000;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Peter O'Hagan , style="text-align:right;" , 1,689 , style="text-align:right;" , 12.18% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#FAF0BE;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Allan McDiarmid , style="text-align:right;" , 482 , style="text-align:right;" , 3.48% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Total votes , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 13,864 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , Note 1 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Registered voters , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 27,676 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 50.09% , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" , Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" , Sources: Holt, Jim. "Void left by Cowell filled by Jackson", ''The Hamilton Spectator'',
November 15, 1988, Metro, B2.

Ward Seven (Central Mountain)

Ward Seven faced a 20% population jump between the 1983 and the 1988 election, quickly cementing its status as the city's most populated ward. In addition to a major flood in the summer of 1988 following a heavy storm, the growing senior population necessitated the construction of more retirement homes. Incumbent alderman Henry Merling was one of city hall's most controversial characters, gaining wide support among residents while earning the ire of his colleagues. Merling took on developers who were building new subdivisions to the south of the ward over issues residents had with their foundations and called for better sewage treatment facilities in the face of the flooding issues in the summer of 1988. Alternately, Merling was embroiled in controversy after he physically attacked his Ward Seven seat-mate, John Gallagher, choking him after a dispute at city hall. Later, he accused Ward One alderman Mary Kiss of promoting

nepotism Nepotism is an advantage, privilege, or position that is granted to relatives and friends in an occupation or field. These fields may include but are not limited to, business, politics, academia, entertainment, sports, fitness, religion, an ...

over what he viewed as unfair hiring processes. Gallagher was a one-term incumbent at the time of the election and faced sharp criticism from local media over a number of controversial incidents. Early in his term, Gallagher demanded a management review of HSR commissioner Heinz Schweinbenz and attacked administrative officer Mac Carson over allegedly understating a report that critiqued aldermen for interfering in the operations of the city's bus service. Following those incidents, Gallagher was accused of attempting to remove the city's director of culture, Audell Schimmel. During the 1988 election, Gallager fought for the Red Hill Valley Expressway and promised to help improve sewage issues in the ward. Among those challenging the incumbent aldermen were HSR operator Andy Asselin, who stood on a platform of improving the physical infrastructure of the ward and dealing with sewage issues. Asselin was endorsed by the local

, sporting their party colours on his campaign literature and signs. The party lent Asselin their support after he stood as their federal candidate in the 1979 election. At the time of the election, Asselin was the Treasurer of the

Amalgamated Transit Union The Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU) is a labor organization in the United States and Canada that represents employees in the public transit industry. Established in 1892 as the Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees of America, the un ...

Local 107. Stelco lab analyst Steve Cooper sought election a second time after placing fifth in the 1985 election. Cooper ran on a platform of

zero-based budgeting Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) is a budgeting method that requires all expenses to be justified and approved in each new budget period. It was developed by Peter Pyhrr in the 1970s. This budgeting method analyzes an organization's needs and costs by ...

, where the city would view expenditures on a program by program basis and ending secrecy at city hall. Blair O'Halloran styled himself as a one-issue candidate, fighting back against the pay increase issued to aldermen. O'Halloran posted flyers across the ward shaming the sitting aldermen with the slogan "Don't Forget! Don't Elect!" Local Communist Bob Mann sought election in Ward 7, following bids for Ward 2 alderman in 1978, Ward 4 alderman in 1980 and federal office in

1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...

as a representative of the

Communist Party of Canada The Communist Party of Canada (french: Parti communiste du Canada) is a federal political party in Canada, founded in 1921 under conditions of illegality. Although it does not currently have any parliamentary representation, the party's can ...

. Mann called for higher corporate taxes and an end to downloading of services to the municipality. Sheet-metal

apprentice Apprenticeship is a system for training a new generation of practitioners of a trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading). Apprenticeships can also enable practitioners to gain a ...

Stephen Jones called for the renovation of the abandoned Inverness School into a seniors centre and day care, the only issue noted as a campaign plank in local media."Plan for empty school," ''Hamilton Spectator'', Friday, November 11, 1988, Metro, C2. , - !rowspan="2" colspan="2", Candidate !colspan="3", Popular vote , - ! Votes ! % ! ±% , - , style="background-color:#00008B;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Henry Merling (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 9,667 , style="text-align:right;" , 65.89% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#A1CAF1;" , , style="text-align:left;" , John Gallagher (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 7,397 , style="text-align:right;" , 50.42% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#FF7F00;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Andy Asselin , style="text-align:right;" , 3,557 , style="text-align:right;" , 24.24% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#C19A6B;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Steve Cooper , style="text-align:right;" , 1,955 , style="text-align:right;" , 13.32% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#E4D00A;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Blair O'Halloran , style="text-align:right;" , 924 , style="text-align:right;" , 6.3% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#FF0000;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Bob Mann , style="text-align:right;" , 771 , style="text-align:right;" , 5.3% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#5D8AA8;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Steven Jones , style="text-align:right;" , 630 , style="text-align:right;" , 4.3% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Total votes , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 14,670 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , Note 1 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Registered voters , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 31,783 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 46.16% , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" , Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" , Sources: Dreschel, Andrew. "'The people' return the favour at ballot box", ''The Hamilton Spectator'',
November 15, 1988, Metro, B2.

Ward Eight (West Mountain)

, - !rowspan="2" colspan="2", Candidate !colspan="3", Popular vote , - ! Votes ! % ! ±% , - , style="background-color:#00008B;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Don Ross (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 6,541 , style="text-align:right;" , 46.61% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#8DB600", , style="text-align:left;" , Tom Murray (incumbent) , style="text-align:right;" , 6,320 , style="text-align:right;" , 45.04% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#00CED1;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Lindsay Nelson , style="text-align:right;" , 3,650 , style="text-align:right;" , 26.01% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#FF7F00;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Ed Herechuk , style="text-align:right;" , 3,254 , style="text-align:right;" , 23.19% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#FF0000;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Mike Oddi , style="text-align:right;" , 2,569 , style="text-align:right;" , 18.30% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="background-color:#A1CAF1;" , , style="text-align:left;" , John Lewis , style="text-align:right;" , 1,358 , style="text-align:right;" , 9.7% , style="text-align:right;" , ''n/a'' , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Total votes , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 14,031 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , Note 1 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , , - , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" , Registered voters , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 30,076 , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , 46.65% , style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" , n/a , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" , Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" , Sources: MacPhail, Wayne. "Arena battle fails to hurt Murray", ''The Hamilton Spectator'',
November 15, 1988, Metro, B2.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamilton, Ontario Municipal Election, 1988 1988 Ontario municipal elections