January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

Asian Socialist Conference The Asian Socialist Conference (ASC) was an organisation of socialism, socialist political party, political parties in Asia that existed between 1953 and 1965. It was established in an effort to build a Pan-Asianism, Pan-Asian multinational soci ...

Rangoon Yangon ( my, ရန်ကုန်; ; ), formerly spelled as Rangoon, is the capital of the Yangon Region and the largest city of Myanmar (also known as Burma). Yangon served as the capital of Myanmar until 2006, when the military government ...

Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...

January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned s ...

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...

émigré An ''émigré'' () is a person who has emigrated, often with a connotation of political or social self-exile. The word is the past participle of the French ''émigrer'', "to emigrate". French Huguenots Many French Huguenots fled France followi ...

government-in-exile A government in exile (abbreviated as GiE) is a political group that claims to be a country or semi-sovereign state's legitimate government, but is unable to exercise legal power and instead resides in a foreign country. Governments in exile u ...

Oslo Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of ...

January 14 Events Pre-1600 *1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. *1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 *1639 – The "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Fundamenta ...

Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz ( sh-Cyrl, Јосип Броз, ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; sh-Cyrl, Тито, links=no, ), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman, serving in various positions from 1943 until his deat ...

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...

CIA The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian intelligence agency, foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gat ...

Robertson Panel The Robertson Panel was a scientific committee which met in January 1953 headed by Howard P. Robertson. The Panel arose from a recommendation to the Intelligence Advisory Committee (IAC) in December 1952 from a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) re ...

UFO An unidentified flying object (UFO), more recently renamed by US officials as a UAP (unidentified aerial phenomenon), is any perceived aerial phenomenon that cannot be immediately identified or explained. On investigation, most UFOs are id ...

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

Georg Dertinger Georg Dertinger (25 December 1902 – 21 January 1968) was a German politician. He was born in Berlin into a middle-class Protestant family. Dertinger briefly studied law and economics. After his study he became a journalist and later editor for ...

East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...

I Love Lucy ''I Love Lucy'' is an American television sitcom that originally aired on CBS from October 15, 1951, to May 6, 1957, with a total of 180 half-hour episodes, spanning six seasons. The show starred Lucille Ball, her husband, Desi Arnaz, along with ...

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...

sworn in Traditionally an oath (from Anglo-Saxon ', also called plight) is either a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who conscientiously object to making sacred oaths is to giv ...

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...

Mau Mau Uprising The Mau Mau rebellion (1952–1960), also known as the Mau Mau uprising, Mau Mau revolt or Kenya Emergency, was a war in the British Kenya Colony (1920–1963) between the Kenya Land and Freedom Army (KLFA), also known as the ''Mau Mau'', an ...

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

Walter Ulbricht Walter Ernst Paul Ulbricht (; 30 June 18931 August 1973) was a German communist politician. Ulbricht played a leading role in the creation of the Weimar-era Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and later (after spending the years of Nazi rule in ...

collectivized Collective farming and communal farming are various types of, "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member- ...

East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

North Sea flood of 1953 The 1953 North Sea flood was a major flood caused by a heavy storm surge that struck the Netherlands, north-west Belgium, England and Scotland. Most sea defences facing the surge were overwhelmed, causing extensive flooding. The storm and flo ...

Zeeland , nl, Ik worstel en kom boven("I struggle and emerge") , anthem = "Zeeuws volkslied"("Zeelandic Anthem") , image_map = Zeeland in the Netherlands.svg , map_alt = , m ...

Irish Sea The Irish Sea or , gv, Y Keayn Yernagh, sco, Erse Sie, gd, Muir Èireann , Ulster-Scots: ''Airish Sea'', cy, Môr Iwerddon . is an extensive body of water that separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is linked to the Ce ...

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. *1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. *1488 – ...

Batepá massacre Batepá is a village on São Tomé Island in São Tomé and Príncipe. Its population is 775 (2012 census).creoles, known as ''forros'', are massacred in

São Tomé São Tomé is the capital and largest city of the Central African island country of São Tomé and Príncipe. Its name is Portuguese for " Saint Thomas". Founded in the 15th century, it is one of Africa's oldest colonial cities. History Álva ...

, by the colonial administration and Portuguese landowners. *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

– Walt Disney's feature film ''

Peter Pan Peter Pan is a fictional character created by List of Scottish novelists, Scottish novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie. A free-spirited and mischievous young boy who can fly and Puer aeternus, never grows up, Peter Pan spends his never-ending ...

'' premieres. *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

** United States President

Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...

refuses a clemency appeal for

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg Julius Rosenberg (May 12, 1918 – June 19, 1953) and Ethel Rosenberg (; September 28, 1915 – June 19, 1953) were American citizens who were convicted of spying on behalf of the Soviet Union. The couple were convicted of providing top-secret i ...

. ** The

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

breaks diplomatic relations with

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

, after a bomb explosion at the Soviet Embassy, in reaction to the '

Doctors' plot The "Doctors' plot" affair, group=rus was an alleged conspiracy of prominent Healthcare in Russia, Soviet medical specialists to murder leading government and party officials. It was also known as the case of saboteur doctors or killer doctors. ...

'. *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...

– The

Nordic Council The Nordic Council is the official body for formal inter-parliamentary Nordic cooperation among the Nordic countries. Formed in 1952, it has 87 representatives from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden as well as from the autonomou ...

is inaugurated. *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

–

Transsexual Transsexual people experience a gender identity that is inconsistent with their assigned sex, and desire to permanently transition to the sex or gender with which they identify, usually seeking medical assistance (including sex reassignment ...

Christine Jorgensen Christine Jorgensen (May 30, 1926 – May 3, 1989) was an American trans woman who was the first person to become widely known in the United States for having sex reassignment surgery. She had a career as a successful actress, singer and rec ...

returns to New York after successful

sex reassignment surgery Gender-affirming surgery (GAS) is a surgical procedure, or series of procedures, that alters a transgender or transsexual person's physical appearance and sexual characteristics to resemble those associated with their identified gender, and alle ...

in Denmark. *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...

–

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

approves the first literature censorship board in the United States. *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

–

Jacques Tati Jacques Tati (; born Jacques Tatischeff, ; 9 October 1907 – 5 November 1982) was a French mime, film-maker, actor and screenwriter. In an ''Entertainment Weekly'' poll of the Greatest Movie Directors, he was voted the 46th greatest of all time ...

's film, ''

Les Vacances de M. Hulot ''Les Vacances de Monsieur Hulot'' (french: Les Vacances de M. Hulot; released as ''Monsieur Hulot's Holiday'' in the US) is a 1953 French comedy film starring and directed by Jacques Tati. It introduced the pipe-smoking, well-meaning but clumsy c ...

'', is released in France, introducing the ''gauche'' character of Monsieur Hulot. *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

**

James Watson James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist. In 1953, he co-authored with Francis Crick the academic paper proposing the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. Watson, Crick and ...

and

Francis Crick Francis Harry Compton Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist. He, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins played crucial roles in deciphering the helical struc ...

of the

University of Cambridge , mottoeng = Literal: From here, light and sacred draughts. Non literal: From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge. , established = , other_name = The Chancellor, Masters and Schola ...

announce their discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule. ** Greece,

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

, and

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...

sign the

Balkan Pact The Balkan Pact, or Balkan Entente, was a treaty signed by Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia on 9 February 1934

.

March

*

March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor ...

**

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...

suffers a

stroke A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. Both cause parts of the brain to stop functionin ...

, after an all-night dinner with

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

interior minister

Lavrentiy Beria Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (; rus, Лавре́нтий Па́влович Бе́рия, Lavréntiy Pávlovich Bériya, p=ˈbʲerʲiə; ka, ლავრენტი ბერია, tr, ; – 23 December 1953) was a Georgian Bolshevik ...

and future premiers

Georgy Malenkov Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov ( – 14 January 1988) was a Soviet politician who briefly succeeded Joseph Stalin as the leader of the Soviet Union. However, at the insistence of the rest of the Presidium, he relinquished control over the par ...

,

Nikolai Bulganin Nikolai Alexandrovich Bulganin (russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Булга́нин; – 24 February 1975) was a Soviet politician who served as Minister of Defense (1953–1955) and Premier of the Soviet Union (1955–1 ...

, and

Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...

. The stroke paralyzes the right side of his body and renders him unconscious until his death on

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...

. **

Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg Lieutenant-General Bernard Cyril Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg, (21 March 1889 – 4 July 1963) was a British-born New Zealand soldier and Victoria Cross recipient, who served as the 7th Governor-General of New Zealand from 1946 to 1952. Freyb ...

is made deputy constable and lieutenant governor of

Windsor Castle Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. It is strongly associated with the English and succeeding British royal family, and embodies almost a millennium of architectural history. The original cast ...

. *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...

–

Georgy Malenkov Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov ( – 14 January 1988) was a Soviet politician who briefly succeeded Joseph Stalin as the leader of the Soviet Union. However, at the insistence of the rest of the Presidium, he relinquished control over the par ...

succeeds

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...

, as

Premier Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of governm ...

and First Secretary of the

Communist Party of the Soviet Union "Hymn of the Bolshevik Party" , headquarters = 4 Staraya Square, Moscow , general_secretary = Vladimir Lenin (first) Mikhail Gorbachev (last) , founded = , banned = , founder = Vladimir Lenin , newspaper ...

. *

March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''. *1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bour ...

– The

Thieves World Thieves' World is a shared world fantasy series created by Robert Lynn Asprin in 1978. The original series comprised twelve anthologies, including stories by science fiction authors Poul Anderson, John Brunner, Andrew J. Offutt, C. J. Cherryh, ...

, which has been transformed into the

Russian mafia Russian organized crime or Russian mafia (, ), otherwise known as Bratva (), is a collective of various organized crime elements originating in the former Soviet Union. The initialism OPG is Organized Criminal (''prestupnaya'' in Russian) Gr ...

, are freed from prisons by the Malenkov regime, ending the

Bitch Wars The Bitch Wars, or Suka Wars (russian: Сучьи войны , translit= ''Suchyi voyny '' or in singular: russian: Сучья война , translit= ''Suchya voyna''), occurred in the Soviet Gulag labor-camp system between 1945 and 1953, around ...

. *

March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...

– The

United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the Organs of the United Nations, six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international security, international peace and security, recommending the admi ...

nominates

Dag Hammarskjöld Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld ( , ; 29 July 1905 – 18 September 1961) was a Swedish economist and diplomat who served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash in September 196 ...

from

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

as

United Nations Secretary General The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or SG) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. The role of the secretary-ge ...

. *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...

–

Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...

is selected

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED O ...

. *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of eigh ...

– The first

nuclear test Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detonations are affected by ...

of

Operation Upshot–Knothole Operation Upshot–Knothole was a series of eleven nuclear test shots conducted in 1953 at the Nevada Test Site. It followed ''Operation Ivy'' and preceded ''Operation Castle''. Over 21,000 soldiers took part in the ground exercise Desert Roc ...

is conducted in

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. N ...

, with 1,620 spectators at . *

March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...

– The Yenice–Gönen earthquake affects western

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''violent''), causing at least 1,070 deaths, and $3.57 million in damage. *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. *1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends ...

– The

25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards were held on March 19, 1953 at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood, and the NBC International Theatre in New York City, to honor the films of 1952. It was the first Oscars ceremony to be televised, the first ceremony ...

Ceremony is held (the first one broadcast on television). *

March 25 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto. * 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to vi ...

– 26 – ''Lari Massacre'' in

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

: Mau Mau rebels kill up to 150

Kikuyu Kikuyu or Gikuyu (Gĩkũyũ) mostly refers to an ethnic group in Kenya or its associated language. It may also refer to: *Kikuyu people, a majority ethnic group in Kenya *Kikuyu language, the language of Kikuyu people *Kikuyu, Kenya, a town in Centr ...

natives. *

March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, is ...

–

Jonas Salk Jonas Edward Salk (; born Jonas Salk; October 28, 1914June 23, 1995) was an American virologist and medical researcher who developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. He was born in New York City and attended the City College of New Y ...

announces his

polio vaccine Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). Two types are used: an inactivated poliovirus given by injection (IPV) and a weakened poliovirus given by mouth (OPV). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends all chil ...

. *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...

– A fire at the Littlefield Nursing Home in

Largo, Florida Largo is the third largest city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States, as well as the fourth largest in the Tampa Bay area. As of the 2020 Census, the city had a population of 82,500, up from 69,371 in 2000. Largo was first incorporated in 1 ...

, kills 33 persons, including singer-songwriter

Arthur Fields Arthur Fields (August 6, 1884 – March 29, 1953) was an American singer (baritone) and songwriter. Biography He was born Abraham Finkelstein in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but grew up mainly in Utica, New York. He became a professional ...

.

April

*

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...

–

Dag Hammarskjöld Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld ( , ; 29 July 1905 – 18 September 1961) was a Swedish economist and diplomat who served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash in September 196 ...

is elected

Secretary-General of the United Nations The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or SG) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. The role of the secretary-g ...

. *

April 8 Events Pre-1600 * 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. * 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids. *1139 – Ro ...

–

Jomo Kenyatta Jomo Kenyatta (22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. He was the country's first indigenous ...

is sentenced to 7 years in prison for the alleged organization of the

Mau Mau Uprising The Mau Mau rebellion (1952–1960), also known as the Mau Mau uprising, Mau Mau revolt or Kenya Emergency, was a war in the British Kenya Colony (1920–1963) between the Kenya Land and Freedom Army (KLFA), also known as the ''Mau Mau'', an ...

in the British

Kenya Colony The Colony and Protectorate of Kenya, commonly known as British Kenya or British East Africa, was part of the British Empire in Africa. It was established when the former East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British Crown colony in ...

. *

April 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. * 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide. * 73 – Masad ...

** President Eisenhower delivers his "Chance for Peace" speech, to the National Association of Newspaper Editors. ** The Habar Corporation's building in Chicago, United States, catches fire, killing 35 employees. *

April 25 Events Pre-1600 * 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...

–

Francis Crick Francis Harry Compton Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist. He, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins played crucial roles in deciphering the helical struc ...

and

James Watson James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist. In 1953, he co-authored with Francis Crick the academic paper proposing the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. Watson, Crick and ...

publish " Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid", their description of the

double helix A double is a look-alike or doppelgänger; one person or being that resembles another. Double, The Double or Dubble may also refer to: Film and television * Double (filmmaking), someone who substitutes for the credited actor of a character * ...

structure of DNA.

May

*

May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. * 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...

–

Hussein Hussein, Hussain, Hossein, Hossain, Huseyn, Husayn, Husein or Husain (; ar, حُسَيْن ), coming from the triconsonantal root Ḥ-S-i-N ( ar, ح س ی ن, link=no), is an Arabic name which is the diminutive of Hassan, meaning "good", "h ...

is crowned

King of Jordan The king of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is Jordan's head of state and monarch. He serves as the head of the Jordanian monarchy—the Hashemite dynasty. The king is addressed as His Majesty (). Jordan is a constitutional monarchy. However, ...

. *

May 5 Events Pre-1600 * 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins. *1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. * 1260 – Ku ...

–

Aldous Huxley Aldous Leonard Huxley (26 July 1894 – 22 November 1963) was an English writer and philosopher. He wrote nearly 50 books, both novels and non-fiction works, as well as wide-ranging essays, narratives, and poems. Born into the prominent Huxley ...

first tries the

psychedelic Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary states of consciousness (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips").Pollan, Michael (2018). ''How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of ...

hallucinogen Hallucinogens are a large, diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. Most hallucinogens can be categorized ...

mescaline Mescaline or mescalin (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a naturally occurring psychedelic protoalkaloid of the substituted phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects comparable to those of LSD and psilocybin. Biological sou ...

, inspiring his book ''

The Doors of Perception ''The Doors of Perception'' is an autobiographical book written by Aldous Huxley. Published in 1954, it elaborates on his psychedelic experience under the influence of mescaline in May 1953. Huxley recalls the insights he experienced, rangin ...

''. *

May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. *1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. *1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...

** France agrees to the provisional independence of

Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand t ...

, with King

Norodom Sihanouk Norodom Sihanouk (; km, នរោត្តម សីហនុ, ; 31 October 192215 October 2012) was a Cambodian statesman, Sangkum and FUNCINPEC politician, Norodom Sihanouk filmography, film director, and composer who led Cambodia in vari ...

. **

Australian Senate election, 1953 Half-senate elections were held in Australia on 9 May 1953. 32 of the seats in the Senate were up for election. This was the first time a Senate election had been held without an accompanying election of the House of Representatives. The two elec ...

: The

Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...

/

Country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while the ...

Coalition A coalition is a group formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political or economical spaces. Formation According to ''A Gui ...

Government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...

, led by

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

Robert Menzies The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of ''Hrōþ, Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory ...

, holds their

Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

majority, despite gains made by the Labor Party, led by

H. V. Evatt Herbert Vere Evatt, (30 April 1894 – 2 November 1965) was an Australian politician and judge. He served as a judge of the High Court of Australia from 1930 to 1940, Attorney-General and Minister for External Affairs from 1941 to 1949, and l ...

. This is the first occasion where a Senate election is held without an accompanying

House Of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often c ...

election. *

May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...

– Waco tornado outbreak: An F5 tornado hits in the downtown section of

Waco, Texas Waco ( ) is the county seat of McLennan County, Texas, United States. It is situated along the Brazos River and I-35, halfway between Dallas and Austin. The city had a 2020 population of 138,486, making it the 22nd-most populous city in the ...

, killing 114. *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...

– The

Standards And Recommended Practices Standard may refer to: Symbols * Colours, standards and guidons, kinds of military signs * Standard (emblem), a type of a large symbol or emblem used for identification Norms, conventions or requirements * Standard (metrology), an object th ...

(SARPS) for

Aeronautical Information Service The Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) is a service established in support of international civil aviation, whose objective is to ensure the flow of information necessary for the safety, regularity, and efficiency of international air navigatio ...

(AIS) are adopted by the

ICAO The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international a ...

Council. These SARPS are in Annex 15 to the

Chicago Convention The Convention on International Civil Aviation, also known as the Chicago Convention, established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating international air trave ...

, and 15 May is celebrated by the AIS community as "World AIS Day". *

May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 4 ...

– At

Rogers Dry Lake Rogers Dry Lake is an endorheic desert salt pan in the Mojave Desert of Kern County, California. The lake derives its name from the Anglicization from the Spanish name, Rodriguez Dry Lake. It is the central part of Edwards Air Force Base as its ...

, Californian Jackie Cochran becomes the first woman to exceed Mach 1, in a

North American F-86 Sabre The North American F-86 Sabre, sometimes called the Sabrejet, is a transonic jet fighter aircraft. Produced by North American Aviation, the Sabre is best known as the United States' first swept-wing fighter that could counter the swept-wing So ...

at . *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...

–

Nuclear testing Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detonations are affected by ...

: At the

Nevada Test Site The Nevada National Security Site (N2S2 or NNSS), known as the Nevada Test Site (NTS) until 2010, is a United States Department of Energy (DOE) reservation located in southeastern Nye County, Nevada, about 65 miles (105 km) northwest of th ...

, the United States conducts its only

nuclear artillery Nuclear artillery is a subset of limited- yield tactical nuclear weapons, in particular those weapons that are launched from the ground at battlefield targets. Nuclear artillery is commonly associated with shells delivered by a cannon, but in ...

test:

Upshot-Knothole Grable Upshot–Knothole ''Grable'' was a nuclear weapons test conducted by the United States as part of Operation Upshot–Knothole. Detonation of the associated nuclear weapon occurred 19 seconds after its deployment at 8:30am PDT (1530 UTC) on May ...

. *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...

–

1953 British Mount Everest expedition The 1953 British Mount Everest expedition was the ninth mountaineering expedition to attempt the first ascent of Mount Everest, and the first confirmed to have succeeded when Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary reached the summit on 29 May 1953. ...

: Sir

Edmund Hillary Sir Edmund Percival Hillary (20 July 1919 – 11 January 2008) was a New Zealand mountaineer, explorer, and philanthropist. On 29 May 1953, Hillary and Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing Norgay became the first climbers confirmed to have reached t ...

from

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

and

Tenzing Norgay Tenzing Norgay (; ''tendzin norgyé''; perhaps 29 May 1914 – 9 May 1986), born Namgyal Wangdi, and also referred to as Sherpa Tenzing, was a Nepali-Indian Sherpa mountaineer. He was one of the first two people known to reach the sum ...

from

Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...

become the first men to reach the summit of

Mount Everest Mount Everest (; Tibetan: ''Chomolungma'' ; ) is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation (snow heig ...

.

June

*

June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. *1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...

–

Uprising in Plzeň Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority. A rebellion originates from a sentiment of indignation and disapproval of a situation and ...

:

Currency A currency, "in circulation", from la, currens, -entis, literally meaning "running" or "traversing" is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. A more general def ...

reform causes riots in

Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...

. *

June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks. * 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601� ...

– Elizabeth II is crowned Queen of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

,

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

,

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

,

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

,

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

,

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

, and

Ceylon Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

, at

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the United ...

. *

June 7 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Istanbul, Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). * 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir of Croatia, Branimir as an independent ...

– Italian general election: the

Christian Democracy Christian democracy (sometimes named Centrist democracy) is a political ideology that emerged in 19th-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching and neo-Calvinism. It was conceived as a combination of modern democratic ...

party wins a plurality in both legislative houses. *

June 7 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Istanbul, Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). * 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir of Croatia, Branimir as an independent ...

- 9 –

Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence An extremely devastating and deadly tornado outbreak sequence impacted the Midwestern and Northeastern United States at the beginning of June 1953. It included two tornadoes that caused at least 90 deaths each—an F5 tornado occurring i ...

: A single storm-system spawns 46

tornado A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. It is often referred to as a twister, whirlwind or cyclone, altho ...

es of various sizes, in 10 states from Colorado to Massachusetts, over 3 days, killing 246. *

June 8 Events Pre-1600 * 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus. * 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...

** On the second day of the Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence, a tornado kills 115 in

Flint, Michigan Flint is the largest city and seat of Genesee County, Michigan, United States. Located along the Flint River, northwest of Detroit, it is a principal city within the region known as Mid Michigan. At the 2020 census, Flint had a population of 8 ...

; it will be the last to claim more than 100 lives, until the

2011 Joplin tornado A devastating EF5-rated multiple-vortex tornado struck Joplin, Missouri on the evening of Sunday, May 22, 2011. Part of a larger late-May tornado outbreak, the tornado touched down just west of Joplin and intensified very quickly, reaching a ...

. ** Austria and the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

open

diplomatic relations Diplomacy comprises spoken or written communication by representatives of states (such as leaders and diplomats) intended to influence events in the international system.Ronald Peter Barston, ''Modern diplomacy'', Pearson Education, 2006, p. 1 ...

. *

June 9 Events Pre-1600 * 411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending the J ...

** On the third day of the Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence, a tornado spawned from the same storm system as the Flint tornado the day before hits in

Worcester, Massachusetts Worcester ( , ) is a city and county seat of Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. Named after Worcester, England, the city's population was 206,518 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the second-List of cities i ...

, killing 94. **

CIA The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian intelligence agency, foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gat ...

Technical Services Staff __NOTOC__ The Office of Technical Service (OTS; formerly known as the ''Technical Services Division'' and ''Technical Services Staff'') is a component of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency,Central Intelligence Agency press releaseCIA's Office of ...

head

Sidney Gottlieb Sidney Gottlieb (August 3, 1918 – March 7, 1999) was an American chemist and spymaster who headed the Central Intelligence Agency's 1950s and 1960s assassination attempts and mind-control program, known as Project MKUltra. Early years and ...

approves of the use of

LSD Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), also known colloquially as acid, is a potent psychedelic drug. Effects typically include intensified thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception. At sufficiently high dosages LSD manifests primarily mental, vi ...

in an

MKUltra Project MKUltra (or MK-Ultra) was an illegal human experimentation program designed and undertaken by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), intended to develop procedures and identify drugs that could be used in interrogations to weak ...

subproject. *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius, Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. *1325 – Ib ...

– Hungarian Prime Minister

Mátyás Rákosi Mátyás Rákosi (; born Mátyás Rosenfeld; 9 March 1892
– 5 February 1971) was a Hungarian

is replaced by

Imre Nagy Imre Nagy (; 7 June 1896 – 16 June 1958) was a Hungarian communist politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers (''de facto'' Prime Minister) of the Hungarian People's Republic from 1953 to 1955. In 1956 Nagy became leader ...

. *

June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. * 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...

– Workers' Uprising in East Germany: The

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

orders a

Division Division or divider may refer to: Mathematics *Division (mathematics), the inverse of multiplication *Division algorithm, a method for computing the result of mathematical division Military *Division (military), a formation typically consisting ...

of troops into

East Berlin East Berlin was the ''de facto'' capital city of East Germany from 1949 to 1990. Formally, it was the Allied occupation zones in Germany, Soviet sector of Berlin, established in 1945. The American, British, and French sectors were known as ...

to quell a

rebellion Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority. A rebellion originates from a sentiment of indignation and disapproval of a situation and ...

. *

June 18 Events Pre-1600 * 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China. * 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. * 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about ...

**

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...

declares itself a

republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

. **

Tachikawa air disaster The occurred on the afternoon of Thursday, June 18, 1953 when a United States Air Force (USAF) Douglas C-124 Globemaster II aircraft crashed three minutes after takeoff from Tachikawa, Japan, killing all 129 people on board. At the time, the cr ...

: A

United States Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part of the United States Army Signal ...

Douglas C-124 Globemaster II The Douglas C-124 Globemaster II, nicknamed "Old Shaky", is an American heavy-lift cargo aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company in Long Beach, California. The C-124 was the primary heavy-lift transport for United States Air Force (USAF ...

crashes just after takeoff from

Tachikawa Airfield is an airfield in the city of Tachikawa, the western part of Tokyo, Japan. Currently under the administration of the Ministry of Defense, it has also served as the civil aviation with Japan's first scheduled air service. History Origins Tach ...

near Tokyo, Japan, killing all 129 people on board in the worst air crash in history up to this time, and the first with a confirmed death toll exceeding 100. *

June 30 Events Pre-1600 * 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy. * 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...

– The first

roll-on/roll-off Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships are cargo ships designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, buses, trailers, and railroad cars, that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels or using ...

ferry crossing of the

English Channel The English Channel, "The Sleeve"; nrf, la Maunche, "The Sleeve" (Cotentinais) or ( Jèrriais), (Guernésiais), "The Channel"; br, Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; cy, Môr Udd, "Lord's Sea"; kw, Mor Bretannek, "British Sea"; nl, Het Kana ...

,

Dover Dover () is a town and major ferry port in Kent, South East England. It faces France across the Strait of Dover, the narrowest part of the English Channel at from Cap Gris Nez in France. It lies south-east of Canterbury and east of Maidstone ...

–

Boulogne Boulogne-sur-Mer (; pcd, Boulonne-su-Mér; nl, Bonen; la, Gesoriacum or ''Bononia''), often called just Boulogne (, ), is a coastal city in Northern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department of Pas-de-Calais. Boulogne lies on the ...

, takes place.

July

*

July 3 Events Pre-1600 * 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. * 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revol ...

– The

first ascent In mountaineering, a first ascent (abbreviated to FA in guide books) is the first successful, documented attainment of the top of a mountain or the first to follow a particular climbing route. First mountain ascents are notable because they en ...

of

Nanga Parbat Nanga Parbat ( ur, ) (; ), known locally as Diamer () which means “king of the mountains”, is the ninth-highest mountain on Earth, its summit at above sea level. Lying immediately southeast of the northernmost bend of the Indus River in ...

in the Pakistan

Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 100 ...

, the world's ninth highest mountain, is made by Austrian climber

Hermann Buhl Hermann Buhl (21 September 1924 – 27 June 1957) was an Austrian mountaineer. He was innovative in applying Alpine style to Himalayan climbing. His accomplishments include the first ascents of Nanga Parbat in 1953 and Broad Peak in 1957. Earl ...

alone on the German–Austrian expedition. *

July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...

– The U.S. Treasury formally renames the Bureau of Internal Revenue; the new name (which had previously been used informally) is the

Internal Revenue Service The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the revenue service for the United States federal government, which is responsible for collecting U.S. federal taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code, the main body of the federal statutory ta ...

. *

July 10 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina. * 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...

– The Soviet official newspaper ''

Pravda ''Pravda'' ( rus, Правда, p=ˈpravdə, a=Ru-правда.ogg, "Truth") is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, and was the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most influential papers in the co ...

'' announces that

Lavrentiy Beria Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (; rus, Лавре́нтий Па́влович Бе́рия, Lavréntiy Pávlovich Bériya, p=ˈbʲerʲiə; ka, ლავრენტი ბერია, tr, ; – 23 December 1953) was a Georgian Bolshevik ...

has been deposed as head of the NKVD. * July 17 – The greatest recorded loss of United States midshipmen in a single event results from an USMC R4Q NROTC crash, aircraft crash near NAS Whiting Field. * July 26 – Fidel Castro and his brother lead a disastrous assault on the Moncada Barracks, preliminary to the Cuban Revolution. * July 27 – The Korean War ends, with the Korean Armistice Agreement: The United Nations Command (Korea) (United States), People's Republic of China and North Korea sign an armistice agreement at Panmunjom, and the north remains Communism, communist, while the South Korea, south remains Capitalism, capitalist.

August

* August 5 – Operation Big Switch: Prisoners of war are repatriated to the United States after the Korean War. * August 8 – Soviet prime minister Georgi Malenkov announces that the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

has a hydrogen bomb. * August 12 ** The 1953 Ionian earthquake of magnitude 7.2 totally devastates Cephalonia and most of the other Ionian Islands, in Greece's worst natural disaster in centuries. ** Soviet atomic bomb project: "Joe 4", the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon, is detonated at Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakh SSR. * August 13 – Four million workers go on strike in France to protest against austerity measures. * August 15–August 19, 19 – Cold War: 1953 Iranian coup d'état – Overthrow of the democratically elected Prime Minister of Iran, Mohammad Mosaddegh, by Iranian military in favour of strengthening the monarchical rule of the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, with the support of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (as "Operation Ajax") and the United Kingdom. * August 17 – The first planning session of Narcotics Anonymous is held in Southern California (see October 5). * August 20 – The French government ousts King Mohammed V of Morocco, and exiles him to Corsica. * August 22 – The last prisoners are repatriated from Devil's Island to France. * August 25 – The French general strike ends. * August – High Arctic relocation of Inuit families by the Government of Canada.

September

* September 4 – The discovery of REM sleep is first published, by researchers Eugene Aserinsky and Nathaniel Kleitman. * September 5 – The United Nations rejects the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

's suggestion to accept the People's Republic of China as a member. * September 7 –

Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...

becomes head of the Soviet Union, Soviet Central Committee. * September 23 – The Pact of Madrid is signed by Francoist Spain and the United States of America, ending a period of virtual isolation for Spain. * September 25 – The first German prisoners of war return from the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

to West Germany. * September 26 – Rationing of sugar ends in the UK.

October

* October – The UNIVAC 1103 is the first commercial computer to use random-access memory. * October 5 ** Earl Warren is appointed Chief Justice of the United States, by President

Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...

. ** The first meeting of Narcotics Anonymous is held (the first planning session was held August 17). * October 6 – UNICEF, the United Nations Children's Fund, is made a permanent specialized agency of the United Nations. * October 9 ** West German federal election, 1953: Konrad Adenauer is re-elected as German chancellor. ** Fearing communist influence in British Guiana, the British Government suspends the constitution, declares a state of emergency, and militarily occupies the colony. * October 10 ** Roland (Monty) Burton wins the 1953 London to Christchurch air race, in under 23 hours flying time. ** The Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea is concluded in Washington, D.C. * October 12 – The play ''The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial'' opens at Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre, Plymouth Theatre, New York. * October 22 – Kingdom of Laos, Laos becomes independent from France. * October 23 – Alto Broadcasting System in the Philippines makes the first television broadcast in southeast Asia, through DZAQ-TV. Alto Broadcasting System is the predecessor of what will later become ABS-CBN Corporation. * October 30 – Cold War: U.S. President

Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...

formally approves the top secret document of the United States National Security Council NSC 162/2, which states that the United States' arsenal of nuclear weapons must be maintained and expanded to counter the Communism, communist threat.

November

* November 5 – David Ben-Gurion resigns as prime minister of

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

. * November 9 ** Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–70), Cambodia becomes independent from France. ** The Laotian Civil War begins between the Kingdom of Laos and the Pathet Lao, all the while resuming the First Indochina War against the French Army in a Two-front war. * November 20 ** The Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket, piloted by Scott Crossfield, becomes the first manned aircraft to reach Mach number, Mach 2. ** Authorities at the Natural History Museum, London announce that the Human skull, skull of Piltdown Man (allegedly an early human discovered in 1912) is a hoax. * November 20–November 22, 22 – First Indochina War: Operation Castor – In a massive airborne operation in Vietnam, French forces establish a base at Điện Biên Phủ. * November 21 – Puerto Williams is founded in Chile, as the southernmost settlement of the world. * November 25 – Match of the Century (1953 England v Hungary football match): The England national football team loses 6–3 to Hungary national football team, Hungary at Wembley Stadium (1923), Wembley Stadium, their first ever loss to a continental team at home. * November 29 – First Indochina War: Battle of Dien Bien Phu – French paratroopers consolidate their position at Điện Biên Phủ. * November 30 – Kabaka crisis: Mutesa II of Buganda, Edward Mutesa II, the ''Kabaka of Buganda, kabaka'' (king) of Buganda, is deposed and exiled to London by Andrew Cohen (colonial governor), Sir Andrew Benjamin Cohen, Governor of Uganda.

December

* December 2 – The United Kingdom and Iran reform

diplomatic relations Diplomacy comprises spoken or written communication by representatives of states (such as leaders and diplomats) intended to influence events in the international system.Ronald Peter Barston, ''Modern diplomacy'', Pearson Education, 2006, p. 1 ...

. * December 6 – With the NBC Symphony Orchestra, conductor Arturo Toscanini performs what he claims is his favorite Beethoven symphony, ''Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven), Eroica'', for the last time. The live performance is broadcast across the United States on radio, and later released on records and CD. * December 7 – A visit to Iran by American Vice President Richard Nixon sparks several days of riots, as a reaction to the August 19 overthrow of the government of Mohammed Mossadegh by the U.S.-backed Shah. Three students are shot dead by police in Tehran. This event becomes an annual commemoration. * December 8 – U.S. President

Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...

delivers his ''Atoms for Peace'' address, to the United Nations General Assembly. * December 17 – The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approves color television (using the NTSC standard). * December 23 – The

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

announces officially that

Lavrentiy Beria Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (; rus, Лавре́нтий Па́влович Бе́рия, Lavréntiy Pávlovich Bériya, p=ˈbʲerʲiə; ka, ლავრენტი ბერია, tr, ; – 23 December 1953) was a Georgian Bolshevik ...

has been executed. * December 24 – Tangiwai disaster: A railway bridge collapses at Tangiwai, New Zealand, sending a fully loaded passenger train into the Whangaehu River; 151 are killed. * December 25 – The Amami Islands are returned to Japan, after 8 years of United States military occupation. * December 30 – Ramon Magsaysay becomes the 7th President of the Philippines.

Date unknown

* Global meat packing industry JBS S.A., JBS is founded in Anapolis, Goias, Brazil. * China First Building Corporation, as predecessor part of China State Construction Engineering, founded in Beijing.

Births

January

Former Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen at the Nordic Council Session in Helsinki 2008-10-28

* January 1 – Gary Johnson, American businessman, politician and 29th Governor of New Mexico * January 4 – George Tenet, American Central Intelligence Agency director * January 5 ** Pamela Sue Martin, American actress ** Mike Rann, Australian politician *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

– Malcolm Young, Australian musician (d. 2017) * January 10 ** Pat Benatar, American rock singer ** Bobby Rahal, American race car driver * January 11 – Eduard Kučera, Czech businessman, co-founder of Avast, Avast Software * January 13 – John Wake, English cricketer * January 16 – Robert Jay Mathews, American neo-Nazi, founder of the terrorist group ''The Order (white supremacist group), The Order'' (d. 1984) *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...

– Richard Legendre, Canadian tennis player, politician *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

– Jeffrey Epstein, American financier and sex offender (d. 2019) * January 21 – Paul Allen, American entrepreneur, co-founder of Microsoft (d. 2018) * January 22 ** Myung-whun Chung, South Korean conductor, pianist ** Jim Jarmusch, American director * January 23 – Dušan Nikolić, Yugoslav footballer (d. 2018) *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...

– Moon Jae-in, 19th President of South Korea * January 26 ** Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark, Secretary General of NATO ** Lucinda Williams, American singer-songwriter * January 28 – Colin Campbell (ice hockey, born 1953), Colin Campbell, Canadian ice hockey player, executive * January 29 ** Peter Baumann, German keyboard player, songwriter (''Tangerine Dream'') ** Paulin Bordeleau, Canadian ice hockey player ** Lynne McGranger, Australian actress ** Juan Paredes (boxer), Juan Paredes, Mexican boxer ** Louie Pérez, American singer-songwriter and guitarist ** Fred Riebeling, Australian politician ** Grażyna Szmacińska, Polish chess player ** Teresa Teng, Taiwanese singer (d. 1995) ** Yorie Terauchi, Japanese actress ** Hwang Woo-suk, South Korean veterinarian, academic *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...

– Sergei Ivanov, Russian first deputy prime minister and minister of defense

February

(José_María_Aznar)_EPP_Summit_4_December_2003_Paris_(cropped)

* February 2 – Duane Chapman, American bounty hunter * February 4 – Kitarō, Japanese New Age musician * February 7 – Dan Quisenberry, American baseball player (d. 1998) * February 8 – Mary Steenburgen, American actress * February 9 ** Ciarán Hinds, Irish actor ** Rick Wagoner, American automotive executive * February 10 – June Jones, American quarterback, current NCAA Football head coach at Southern Methodist University *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

– Jeb Bush, American politician, 43rd List of governors of Florida, Governor of Florida *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...

– Nabil Shaban, Jordanian-British actor and writer * February 14 – Sergey Mironov, Russian statesman, Speaker of the Federation Council *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...

**Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Argentine lawyer and politician, President of Argentina and Vice President of Argentina **Massimo Troisi, Italian actor, film director (d. 1994) * February 20 – Riccardo Chailly, Italian orchestral conductor * February 21 – William Petersen, American actor * February 22 – Geoffrey Perkins, British comedy producer, writer and actor (d. 2008) *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

** José María Aznar, Prime Minister of Spain ** Martin Kippenberger, German artist * February 26 – Michael Bolton, American singer * February 27 ** Ian Khama, 4th President of Botswana ** Yolande Moreau, Belgian actress, writer and director *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

** Paul Krugman, American economist ** Ricky Steamboat, American professional wrestler ** Osmo Vänskä, Finnish orchestral conductor

March

*

March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor ...

– Richard Bruton, Irish politician, economist * March 3 ** Arthur Antunes Coimbra, Brazilian footballer, manager ** Robyn Hitchcock, British singer-songwriter ** Agustí Villaronga, Spanish filmmaker * March 4 ** Emilio Estefan, Cuban percussionist ** Rose Laurens, French singer-songwriter (d. 2018) ** Kay Lenz, American actress *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...

– Tokyo Sexwale, South African businessman, politician, anti-apartheid activist and political prisoner *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...

– Jan Kjærstad, Norwegian author * March 10 – Debbie Brill, Canadian high jumper * March 11 ** László Bölöni, Romanian footballer ** Bernie LaBarge, Canadian guitarist/vocalist * March 12 ** Carl Hiaasen, American author ** Ron Jeremy, American pornographic and straight actor, filmmaker and stand-up comedian ** Madhav Kumar Nepal, Nepalese politician *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...

– Johan Ullman, Swedish medical doctor, physicist and inventor * March 15 – Kumba Iala, Guinea-Bissauan politician, 3rd President of Guinea-Bissau (d. 2014) * March 16 ** Bryan Duncan, American Christian musician ** Isabelle Huppert, French actress ** Richard Stallman, American free software proponent *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of eigh ...

– Filemon Lagman, Filipino revolutionary (d. 2001) *

March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...

– Takashi Yoshimatsu, Japanese composer *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. *1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends ...

– Lenín Moreno, Ecuadorian politician, 44th President of Ecuador * March 20 – Sándor Csányi (banker), Sándor Csányi, Hungarian business executive, banker * March 23 – Chaka Khan, African-American soul singer * March 24 – Mathias Richling, German comedian *

March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, is ...

** Lincoln Chafee, American politician ** Elaine Chao, American politician, wife of Senator Mitch McConnell * March 28 – Melchior Ndadaye, 4th President of Burundi (d. 1993)

April

* April 2 ** Jim Allister, Irish politician ** Rosemary Bryant Mariner, American naval aviator (d. 2019) * April 3 ** Sandra Boynton, American author, songwriter and illustrator ** Russ Francis, American football player * April 4 – Robert Bertrand, Canadian politician * April 6 – Andy Hertzfeld, American computer programmer * April 9 – John Howard (singer-songwriter), John Howard, English singer-songwriter * April 10 – Heiner Lauterbach, German actor * April 11 ** Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium ** Andrew Wiles, British-born mathematician * April 13 – Stephen Byers, English Labour Party politician, Secretary of State for Transport * April 14 – Eric Tsang, Hong Kong actor *

April 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. * 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide. * 73 – Masad ...

** Peter Garrett, Australian musician, politician ** J. Neil Schulman, American writer, activist * April 17 – Linda Martin, Irish singer, television presenter and Eurovision Song Contest 1992 winner * April 18 – Rick Moranis, Canadian actor * April 19 – Ruby Wax, American-born British-based performer * April 20 – Sebastian Faulks, British novelist * April 22 – Juhani Komulainen, Finnish composer * April 24 – Eric Bogosian, American actor, playwright, monologist and novelist *

April 25 Events Pre-1600 * 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...

– Ron Clements, American animation director, producer * April 28 ** Roberto Bolaño, Chilean author (d. 2003) ** Kim Gordon, American rock musician * April 29 ** Nikolai Budarin, Russian cosmonaut ** Bill Drummond, South African-born British artist and musician (The KLF, K Foundation etc.) * April 30 – Merrill Osmond, American pop singer

May

*

May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. * 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...

** Valery Gergiev, Russian-Ossetian conductor ** Jamaal Wilkes, American basketball player * May 3 ** Salman Hashimikov, Soviet Union, Soviet Wrestling weight classes, heavyweight sport wrestling, wrestler ** Gary Young (drummer), Gary Young, American musician (Pavement (band), Pavement, Gary Young's Hospital) *

May 5 Events Pre-1600 * 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins. *1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. * 1260 – Ku ...

** Ibrahim Zakzaky, Nigerian Shia, Shia-Islam cleric ** Dieter Zetsche, German auto executive * May 6 ** Aleksandr Akimov, Soviet engineer who was the shift supervisor during the events of the Chernobyl disaster (d. 1986) ** Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ** Graeme Souness, Scottish footballer, manager ** Lynn Whitfield, African-American actress * May 7 – Ian McKay, British soldier (Victoria Cross, VC recipient) (d. 1982) * May 8 ** Billy Burnette, American musician ** Alex Van Halen, Dutch-born American rock musician *

May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...

– David Gest, American entertainer, producer and television personality (d. 2016) * May 14 ** Michael Hebranko, American exemplar of morbid/mortal obesity (d. 2013) ** Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...

** George Brett, American Major League Baseball player ** Mike Oldfield, English composer (''Tubular Bells'') * May 16 ** Pierce Brosnan, Irish actor ** Richard Page (musician), Richard Page, American musician * May 17 – Luca Prodan, Italian–Scottish musician and singer (d. 1987) * May 19 – Victoria Wood, English comic performer (d. 2016) * May 20 – Robert Doyle, Australian politician * May 21 – Jim Devine, British politician * May 23 – Agathe Uwilingiyimana, 4th Prime Minister of Rwanda (d. 1994) * May 24 – Alfred Molina, English actor * May 26 ** Kay Hagan, American lawyer, banking executive and politician (d. 2019) ** Michael Portillo, English politician *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...

** Aleksandr Abdulov, Russian actor (d. 2008) ** Danny Elfman, American composer * May 30 – Colm Meaney, Irish actor * May 31 – Kathie Sullivan, American singer

June

Johnny-clegg-valenciennes-davidata-14 07 2009

Svecanost podizanja NATOve zastave Zagreb 65

Ingo Kühl im Atelier Berlin 2015 (cropped)

*

June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. *1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...

** David Berkowitz, American serial killer ** Diana Canova, American actress, adjunct professor *

June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks. * 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601� ...

** Keith Allen (actor), Keith Allen, British actor ** Cornel West, African-American philosopher, political activist, social critic, author * June 3 – Erland Van Lidth De Jeude, Dutch-born wrestler, opera singer and actor (d. 1987) * June 4 ** Paul De Meo, American screenwriter, producer (d. 2018) ** Susumu Ojima, Japanese entrepreneur * June 5 – Kathleen Kennedy (producer), Kathleen Kennedy, American film producer *

June 7 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Istanbul, Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). * 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir of Croatia, Branimir as an independent ...

** Johnny Clegg, South African Zulu musician and anthropologist (d. 2019) ** Dougie Donnelly, Scottish television broadcaster *

June 8 Events Pre-1600 * 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus. * 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...

– Ivo Sanader, 8th Prime Minister of Croatia * June 10 – John Edwards, American politician * June 11 ** Peter Bergman, American actor ** Barbara Minty, American model * June 12 – Michael Donovan, Canadian voice actor *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius, Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. *1325 – Ib ...

** Tim Allen, American actor, comedian (''Home Improvement (TV series), Home Improvement'') ** Atso Almila, Finnish conductor, composer *June 14 – Hana Laszlo, Israeli actress and comedian *June 15 **Antonia Rados, Austrian television journalist **Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Paramount leader of China * June 20 – Ulrich Mühe, German actor (d. 2007) * June 21 – Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2007) * June 22 ** Wim Eijk, Dutch archbishop ** Cyndi Lauper, American singer (''Girls Just Wanna Have Fun'') *June 23 **Vincenzo Di Nicola, Italian-Canadian psychologist, psychiatrist and philosopher * June 24 – Ivo Lill, Estonian artist * June 29 ** Don Dokken, American rock singer, musician ** Colin Hay, Scottish-born Australian singer-songwriter (''Men at Work'') ** Ingo Kühl, German painter, sculptor and architect

July

* July 1 ** Pat Donovan, American football offensive lineman ** Lawrence Gonzi, 11th Prime Minister of Malta ** Jadranka Kosor, Croatian politician ** Nasir Ali Mamun, Bengali portrait photographer ** Sangay Ngedup, Prime Minister of Bhutan * July 2 – Nacer Sandjak, Algerian footballer and manager *

July 3 Events Pre-1600 * 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. * 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revol ...

** Lotta Sollander, Swedish alpine skier ** Les Strong, English association footballer * July 11 ** Angélica Aragón, Mexican actress ** Leon Spinks, African-American boxer (d. 2021) * July 12 – Alessi Brothers, American pop rock singer-songwriter duo * July 15 ** Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President of Haiti ** Raisul Islam Asad, Bangladeshi actor * July 17 – Nuria Bages, Mexican actress * July 19 – Shōichi Nakagawa, Japanese politician (d. 2009) * July 21 ** Jeff Fatt, Australian musician, former member of The Wiggles ** Sylvia Chang, Taiwanese actress * July 23 – Najib Abdul Razak, 6th Prime Minister of Malaysia * July 24 ** Tadashi Kawamata, Japanese contemporary artist ** Claire McCaskill, U.S. Senator * July 25 – Tim Gunn, American fashion expert * July 27 – Yahoo Serious, Australian filmmaker * July 29 ** Ken Burns, American documentary filmmaker ** Geddy Lee, Canadian rock musician (Rush (band), Rush) * July 31 ** Tōru Furuya, Japanese voice actor ** James Read, American actor

August

Carlos Mesa, ex-President of Bolivia (cropped)

Hohlbein Wolfgang Autor floersheim main 290607

* August 1 ** Robert Cray, American musician ** Steven Krasner, American sportswriter * August 2 – Butch Patrick, American child actor and musician * August 4 – Antonio Tajani, Italian politician, President of the European Parliament * August 5 ** András Ligeti, Hungarian violinist and conductor (d. 2021) ** Rick Mahler, American baseball player (d. 2005) * August 8 – Nigel Mansell, English 1992 Formula 1 world champion * August 9 – Jean Tirole, French Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize-winning economist * August 11 – Hulk Hogan, American professional wrestler * August 12 ** Carlos Mesa, President of Bolivia ** Teddi Siddall, American actress (d. 2018) * August 14 ** Cliff Johnson (game designer), Cliff Johnson, American game designer ** James Horner, American film composer (d. 2015) * August 15 ** Wolfgang Hohlbein, German writer of science fiction, fantasy and horror fiction ** Carol Thatcher, English television personality ** Sir Mark Thatcher, English businessman * August 16 – Kathie Lee Gifford, American singer and actress * August 17 – Herta Müller, German Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize-winning writer * August 18 – Louie Gohmert, American politician * August 19 – Benoît Régent, French actor (d. 1994) * August 20 ** Peter Horton, American actor and director ** Mike Jackson (Texas politician), Mike Jackson, member of the Texas Senate * August 21 – Géza Szőcs, Hungarian poet and politician * August 24 – Ron Holloway, American tenor saxophonist * August 26 ** Edward Lowassa, 8th Prime Minister of Tanzania ** Pat Sharkey, Irish footballer * August 27 – Alex Lifeson, Canadian rock musician (Rush (band), Rush) * August 29 – James Quesada, Nicaraguan-born anthropologist * August 30 – Robert Parish, American basketball player * August 31 – György Károly, Hungarian author (d. 2018)

September

* September 2 – John Zorn, American musician * September 4 – Fatih Terim, Turkish footballer and manager * September 8 – Stu Ungar, American poker player (d. 1998) * September 10 – Amy Irving, American actress * September 12 ** Nan Goldin, American photographer ** Stephen Sprouse, American fashion designer, artist and photographer (d. 2004) * September 13 – Ann Dusenberry, American film actress * September 19 – Probal Dasgupta, Indian linguist and Esperantist * September 22 – Ségolène Royal, French politician * September 23 – Alexey Maslov, commander-in-chief of the Russian Ground Forces * September 27 – Greg Ham, Australian rock musician (Men at Work) (d. 2012) * September 29 – Denis Potvin, Canadian Hall of Fame hockey player

October

Tico Torres Bon Jovi at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival

* October 1 ** Grete Waitz, Norwegian athlete (d. 2011) ** Klaus Wowereit, German politician * October 2 – Brandon Wilson (writer), Brandon Wilson, American author and explorer * October 4 – Kerry Sherman, American actress * October 7 – Tico Torres, American Drummer (Bon Jovi) * October 9 – Tony Shalhoub, American actor * October 10 – Midge Ure, Scottish musician, singer-songwriter and producer * October 12 ** Les Dennis, British comedian and television presenter ** Serge Lepeltier, French politician * October 14 ** Greg Evigan, American actor ** Shelley Ackerman, American astrologer, actress, writer * October 15 ** Tito Jackson, African-American singer and guitarist (The Jackson 5) ** Larry Miller (comedian), Larry Miller, American actor and comedian * October 16 – Martha Smith, American model and actress * October 21 ** Keith Green, American-born Christian piano player (d. 1982) ** Peter Mandelson, British politician and member of the United Kingdom Labour Party, Labour Party ** Hugh Wolff, American orchestral conductor * October 22 – Loyiso Nongxa, South African mathematician * October 24 ** Christoph Daum, German footballer and manager ** Steven Hatfill, American physician, virologist and bio-weapons expert ** David Wright (British musician), David Wright, British composer and producer, co-founder of AD Music * October 26 – Keith Strickland, American musician (The B-52's) * October 27 ** Paul Alcock, English football referee (d. 2018) ** Peter Firth, British actor ** Robert Picardo, American actor * October 29 – Lorelei King, American-born actress * October 31 – Michael J. Anderson, American actor

November

Reunión con el Presidente Electo, Andrés Manuel López Obrador 8 (cropped)

Launch Republique Solidaire 2010-06-19 n04

* November 1 **Darrell Issa, American businessman and Congressman ** Susan Tse, Hong Kong actress and opera singer ** Bruce Poliquin, American politician * November 2 – Tom Lyle, American comics artist (d. 2019) * November 3 **Koji Horaguchi, Japanese rugby union player (d. 1999) ** Dennis Miller, American comedian and radio host ** Kate Capshaw, American actress * November 4 ** Carlos Gutierrez, American politician ** Peter Lord, British film producer and director ** Van Stephenson, American singer-songwriter (d. 2001) * November 5 – Florentino V. Floro, Filipino dwarf judge * November 7 – Ottfried Fischer, German actor and Kabarett artist * November 8 – John Musker, American animation director * November 11 ** Andy Partridge, British musician and frontman of the band XTC * November 13 ** Andrés Manuel López Obrador, President of Mexico (2018—present) ** Waswo X. Waswo, American photographer ** Diana Weston, Canadian-born English screen actress ** Mokhtar Dahari, Malaysian footballer (d. 1991) * November 14 – Dominique de Villepin, Prime Minister of France * November 15 – Alexander O'Neal, American singer * November 16 – Griff Rhys Jones, Welsh comedian, writer, actor and television presenter * November 18 ** Alan Moore, English writer and magician ** Kevin Nealon, American actor and comedian ** Kath Soucie, American actress and voice actress * November 19 ** Robert Beltran, American actor ** Tom Villard, American actor (d. 1994) * November 23 – Francis Cabrel, French singer * November 24 ** Glenn Withrow, American actress ** Tod Machover, American composer * November 25 – Graham Eadie, Australian rugby league player * November 27 ** Steve Bannon, American political figure ** Boris Grebenshchikov, Soviet and Russian rock musician ** Curtis Armstrong, American actor * November 28 – Pamela Hayden, American voice actress * November 29 **Alex Grey, American artist ** Vlado Kreslin, Slovenian singer ** Christine Pascal, French actress, director and screenwriter (d. 1996) ** Rosemary West, British serial killer * November 30 – June Pointer, American singer (The Pointer Sisters) (d. 2006)

December

* December 2 – Joel Fuhrman, American certified family physician * December 6 **Geoff Hoon, British Labour Party politician **Tom Hulce, American actor and theater producer **Gary Ward (outfielder), Gary Ward, American baseball player * December 8 ** Kim Basinger, American actress and fashion model ** Norman G. Finkelstein, American political scientist ** Sam Kinison, American comedian (d. 1992) * December 9 – John Malkovich, American actor and film director * December 13 ** Ben Bernanke, American economist, Federal Reserve System chairman ** Bob Gainey, Canadian hockey player * December 14 – Vangelis Meimarakis, Greek lawyer and politician, 4th Minister for National Defence (Greece), Greek Minister for National Defence * December 17 ** Ikue Mori, Japanese drummer, composer and graphic designer ** Bill Pullman, American actor * December 18 ** Kevin Beattie, English footballer (d. 2018) ** Khas-Magomed Hadjimuradov, Chechen bard * December 21 – András Schiff, Hungarian concert pianist and conductor * December 23 ** Nuria Bages, Mexican stage and television actress ** Marián Geišberg, Slovak actor (d. 2018) ** Martha Wash, American singer-songwriter, actress and producer * December 24 – Timothy Carhart, American actor * December 26 ** Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic ** Toomas Hendrik Ilves, Estonian politician, 4th President of Estonia * December 27 – Gina Lopez, Filipino environmentalist and philanthropist (d. 2019) * December 28 ** Richard Clayderman, French pianist ** Tatsumi Fujinami, Japanese professional wrestler * December 29 ** Thomas Bach, 9th President of the International Olympic Committee ** Stanley Williams, American reformed murderer (d. 2005) * December 31 – James Remar, American actor

Date unknown

* Ely Ould Mohamed Vall, 6th President of Mauritania (d. 2017) * Dan Petrescu (businessman), Dan Petrescu, Romanian businessman and billionaire

Deaths

January

* January 1 ** Maksim Purkayev, Soviet general (b. 1894) ** Hank Williams, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1923) * January 2 – Guccio Gucci, founder of Gucci (b. 1881) * January 4 ** Arthur Hoyt, American actor (b. 1874) ** Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu, Japanese prince (b. 1902) * January 5 – Mitchell Hepburn, Canadian politician, 11th Premier of Ontario (b. 1896) * January 7 **Henry Diesen, Norwegian admiral (b. 1883) **Martin and Osa Johnson, Osa Johnson, American adventurer and documentary filmmaker (b. 1894) * January 8 – Charles Edward Merriam, American political scientist (b. 1874) * January 9 – Madame le Corbeau (Marguerite Pitre), Canadian murderer (b. 1909) (hanged) * January 13 – Edward Marsh (polymath), Sir Edward Marsh, English polymath and civil servant (b. 1872) * January 16 – Israel Goldstine, New Zealand lawyer and politician (b. 1898) * January 21 – Mary Mannering, early 20th-century English stage actress (b. 1876) * January 28 – James Scullin, 9th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1876) * January 29 – Reginald Wingate, Sir Reginald Wingate, British army general and colonial administrator (b. 1861) * January 30 – Lionel Belmore, English actor (b. 1867)

February–March

Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2000-0518-507, Julius Maniu

*

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

– William Sydney Marchant, British colonial official (b. 1894) * February 2 – Alan Curtis (American actor), Alan Curtis, American actor (b. 1909) *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. *1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. *1488 – ...

– Richard Rushall, British businessman (b. 1865) *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

– Iuliu Maniu, 32nd Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1873) * February 9 – Cecil Hepworth, English director (b. 1874) *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...

– Hal Colebatch, Australian politician (b. 1872) * February 16 – James L. Kraft, Canadian-American entrepreneur, inventor (b. 1874) *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...

– Nobutake Kondō, Japanese admiral (b. 1886) * February 20 – Francesco Saverio Nitti, Italian economist and political figure, 24th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1868) * February 21 – Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen, Bavarian general (b. 1862) * February 24 – Gerd von Rundstedt, German field marshal (b. 1875) *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

– Sergei Winogradsky, Russian scientist (b. 1856) * February 27 – Paul Hurst (actor), Paul Hurst, American actor (b. 1888) * March 2 – Jim Lightbody, American middle-distance runner (b. 1882) * March 3 – James J. Jeffries, American boxing champion (b. 1875) *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...

** Herman J. Mankiewicz, American writer and producer (b. 1897) ** Sergei Prokofiev, Soviet and Russian composer (b. 1891) **

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...

, Soviet leader (b. 1878) * March 7 – Edward Sedgwick, American director (b. 1892) *

March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...

– Johan Laidoner, Commander-in-chief of the Estonian Army (b. 1884) *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...

– Klement Gottwald, 5th List of presidents of Czechoslovakia, President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1896) * March 15 – Carl Stockdale, American actor (b. 1874) * March 20 – Graciliano Ramos, Brazilian writer (b. 1892) * March 21 – Toni Wolff, Swiss psychoanalyst (b. 1888) * March 22 – Gustav Herglotz, German mathematician (b. 1881) * March 23 ** Raoul Dufy, French painter (b. 1875) ** Oskar Luts, Estonian writer and playwright (b. 1887) * March 24 ** Mary of Teck, consort of George V, George V of the United Kingdom (b. 1867) ** Paul Couturier, French priest (b. 1881) * March 28 – Jim Thorpe, Native-American athlete and a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame (b. 1887) * March 31 – Ivan Lebedeff, Russian actor (b. 1895)

April

* April 2 ** Jean Epstein, French film director (b. 1897) ** Hugo Sperrle, German field marshal (b. 1885) * April 4 ** King Carol II of Romania (b. 1893) ** Rachilde, French author (b. 1860) * April 9 ** Eddie Cochems, American father of the forward pass in football (b. 1877) ** Hans Reichenbach, German philosopher (b. 1891) ** Stanisław Wojciechowski, 2nd President of the Republic of Poland (b. 1869) * April 11 ** Boris Kidrič, 1st Prime Minister of Slovenia (b. 1912) ** Kid Nichols, American baseball player (Boston Braves (baseball), Boston Braves) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1869) * April 12 – Lionel Logue, Australian speech and language therapist (b. 1880) * April 13 – Eduard C. Lindeman, American social worker and author (b. 1885) *April 20 – Erich Weinert, German writer, member of the Communist Party of Germany (b. 1890) * April 27 – Maud Gonne, English-born Irish republican revolutionary, memoirist; spouse of John MacBride (b. 1866) * April 29 – Alice Prin, French artists' model (b. 1901)

May–June

* May 1 – Everett Shinn, American painter (b. 1876) * May 8 – Anna Rüling, German journalist, "the first known lesbian activist" (b. 1880) * May 16 ** Nicolae Rădescu, Romanian military officer and statesman, 45th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1874) ** Django Reinhardt, Belgian jazz musician (b. 1910) * May 19 – Dámaso Berenguer, Spanish soldier and Prime Minister (b. 1873) * May 21 – Ernst Zermelo, German logician and mathematician (b. 1871) * May 27 – Jesse Burkett, American baseball player (Cleveland Spiders) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1868) *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...

– Man Mountain Dean, American professional wrestler (b. 1891) * May 30 – Dooley Wilson, American actor (b. 1886) * May 31 – Vladimir Tatlin, Soviet and Russian painter and architect (b. 1885) *

June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. *1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...

– Alex James (footballer), Alex James, Scottish football (soccer) player (b. 1901) * June 5 ** William Farnum, American actor (b. 1876) ** Bill Tilden, American tennis champion (b. 1893) ** Roland Young, English actor (b. 1887) *

June 9 Events Pre-1600 * 411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending the J ...

– Godfrey Tearle, American actor (b. 1884) * June 15 – Henry Scattergood, American cricketer (b. 1877) *

June 18 Events Pre-1600 * 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China. * 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. * 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about ...

– René Fonck, French aviator, top Allied World War I Flying Ace (b. 1894) * June 19 ** Harold Cazneaux, Australian photographer (b. 1878) ** Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, American communist spies (b. 1918 and 1915, respectively) (executed on same day) ** Norman Ross, American Olympic swimmer (b. 1896) * June 22 – Bill Lange (coach), Bill Lange, American sports coach (b. 1897) * June 23 – Albert Gleizes, French artist and theoretician (b. 1881) *

June 30 Events Pre-1600 * 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy. * 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...

– Elsa Beskow, Swedish author and illustrator of children's books (b. 1874)

July

* July 1 – Totius (poet), Totius, Afrikaans poet (b. 1877) *

July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...

– Annie Kenney, British working-class suffragette (b. 1879) * July 11 – Oliver Campbell, American tennis player (b. 1871) * July 12 – Herbert Rawlinson, English actor (b. 1885) * July 15 – John Christie (murderer), John Christie, English serial killer (b. 1899) (hanged) * July 16 – Hilaire Belloc, French-born British writer and historian (b. 1870) * July 17 – Maude Adams, American actress (b. 1872) * July 20 – Dumarsais Estimé, 30th President of Haiti (b. 1900) * July 26 – Nikolaos Plastiras, Greek general and Prime Minister of Greece, Prime Minister (b. 1883) * July 29 – Richard Pearse, New Zealand airplane pioneer (b. 1877) * July 31 – Robert A. Taft, American politician, United States Senate Majority Leader (b. 1889)

August

* August 1 – Jānis Mendriks, Soviet Roman Catholic priest (b. 1907) * August 11 – Tazio Nuvolari, Italian racing driver (b. 1892) * August 15 – Ludwig Prandtl, German physicist (b. 1875) * August 22 – Jim Tabor, American baseball player (b. 1916) * August 30 ** Gaetano Merola, Italian conductor (b. 1881) ** Maurice Nicoll, British psychiatrist (b. 1884)

September

* September 2 – Jonathan M. Wainwright (general), Jonathan M. Wainwright, American general and Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1883) * September 5 ** Richard Walther Darré, Nazi SS General (b. 1895) ** Francis Ford (actor), Francis Ford, American actor and director (b. 1881) ** Constantin Levaditi, Romanian physician and microbiologist (b. 1874) * September 7 – Nobuyuki Abe, Japanese Prime Minister and military leader (b. 1875) * September 8 – Fred M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1890) * September 12 ** Hugo Schmeisser, German weapons designer (b. 1884) ** Lewis Stone, American actor (b. 1879) * September 13 – Mary Brewster Hazelton, American painter (b. 1868) * September 15 – Erich Mendelsohn, German architect (b. 1887) * September 24 – Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba, Spanish aristocrat (born 1878) * September 26 – Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (b. 1895) * September 27 – Hans Fritzsche, German Nazi senior official, one of only three acquitted at the Nuremberg trials (b. 1900) * September 28 – Edwin Hubble, American astronomer (b. 1889) * September 30 ** Robert Mawdesley, British stage and radio actor (b. 1900) ** Lewis Fry Richardson, English mathematician, physicist, meteorologist, psychologist and pacifist (b. 1881)

October

* October 3 – Arnold Bax, Sir Arnold Bax, English composer (b. 1887) * October 6 – Porter Hall, American actor (b. 1888) * October 8 ** Nigel Bruce, British character actor (b. 1895) ** Kathleen Ferrier, British contralto (b. 1912) * October 12 – Hjalmar Hammarskjöld, Swedish politician, 13th Prime Minister of Sweden, one of the leaders of World War I (b. 1862) * October 13 – Millard Mitchell, American actor (b. 1903) * October 14 – Arthur Wimperis, English illustrator and playwright (b. 1874) * October 20 – Robert Brooke-Popham, Sir Robert Brooke-Popham, British air chief marshal (b. 1878) * October 25 – Holger Pedersen (linguist), Holger Pedersen, Dutch linguist (b. 1867) * October 27 – Thomas Wass, English cricketer (b. 1873)

November

* November 5 – Harry A. Marmer, Ukrainian-born American mathematician and oceanographer (b. 1885) * November 8 ** Ivan Bunin, Russian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1870) ** John van Melle, Dutch-born author (b. 1883) * November 9 ** Louise DeKoven Bowen, American philanthropist and activist (b. 1859) ** King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia (b. 1875) ** Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and author (b. 1914) * November 16 – T. F. O'Rahilly, Irish academic (b. 1882) * November 18 – Ruth Crawford Seeger, American composer (b. 1901) * November 21 ** António Cabreira, Portuguese polygraph (b. 1868) ** Larry Shields, American musician (b. 1893) * November 22 – Sulaiman Nadvi, Indian/Pakistani historian, biographer, littérateur and scholar of Islam (b. 1884) * November 27 – Eugene O'Neill, American writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888) * November 28 – Rudolf Bauer (artist), Rudolf Bauer, German-born painter (b. 1889) * November 29 ** Ernest Barnes, English mathematician, scientist and theologian (b. 1874) ** Sam De Grasse, Canadian actor (b. 1875) ** Milt Gross, American comic book illustrator and animator (b. 1895) * November 30 – Francis Picabia, French painter and poet (b. 1879)

December

* December – Seth Weeks, African-American jazz mandolinist, composer, arranger and bandleader (b. 1868) * December 2 ** Radu Băldescu, Romanian general (b. 1888) ** Trần Trọng Kim, Vietnamese historian and Prime Minister of the Empire of Vietnam (b. 1883) * December 5 ** Jorge Negrete, Mexican singer and actor (b. 1911) ** Ray Paddock, American farmer and politician (b. 1877) * December 10 – Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Indian-born Islamic scholar and translator (b. 1872) * December 14 – Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, American writer (b. 1896) * December 19 – Robert Andrews Millikan, American physicist Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868) * December 21 – Nicholas H. Heck, American geophysicist, oceanographer and surveyor (b. 1882) * December 23 –

Lavrentiy Beria Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (; rus, Лавре́нтий Па́влович Бе́рия, Lavréntiy Pávlovich Bériya, p=ˈbʲerʲiə; ka, ლავრენტი ბერია, tr, ; – 23 December 1953) was a Georgian Bolshevik ...

, Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union), Minister of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union (b. 1899) * December 25 – Lee Shubert, Polish-born theater owner and operator (b. 1871) * December 27 ** Şükrü Saracoğlu, 9th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1887) ** Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (b. 1894) * December 31 – Albert Plesman, Dutch aviation pioneer (b. 1889)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Frits Zernike * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Hermann Staudinger * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – Hans Adolf Krebs, Fritz Albert Lipmann * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Winston Churchill, Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – George Marshall

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1953 1953,