Events
January
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– A
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of
Kashmir, which still continues as of
2022
File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretariat; The global monkeypo ...
.
*
January 2 –
Luis Muñoz Marín
José Luis Alberto Muñoz Marín (February 18, 1898April 30, 1980) was a Puerto Rican journalist, politician, statesman and was the first elected governor of Puerto Rico, regarded as the "Architect of the Puerto Rico Commonwealth."
In 1948 he ...
becomes the first democratically elected
Governor of Puerto Rico.
*
January 11
Events Pre-1600
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
* 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muha ...
– The first "networked" television broadcasts take place, as
KDKA-TV
KDKA-TV (channel 2) is a television station in Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, airing programming from the CBS network. It is owned-and-operated station, owned and operated by the network's CBS News and Stations division a ...
in
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County. It is the most populous city in both Allegheny County and Western Pennsylvania, the second-most populous city in Pennsylva ...
,
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
goes on the air, connecting east coast and mid-west programming in the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
.
*
January 16 –
Şemsettin Günaltay
Mehmet Şemsettin Günaltay (; 17 July 1883 – 19 October 1961) was a Turkish historian, politician, and Prime Minister of Turkey from 1949 to 1950.
Biography
Günaltay was born 1883 in the Kemaliye town of the Vilayet of Mamuret-ul-Azi ...
forms the new government of
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
. It is the 18th government, last
single party
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.
In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...
government of the
Republican People's Party.
![VW Standard, Bj1950 2005-09-17](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/VW_Standard%2C_Bj1950_2005-09-17.jpg)
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
*38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
– The first
VW Type 1 to arrive in the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
, a 1948 model, is brought to
New York by Dutch businessman
Ben Pon
Bernardus Marinus "Ben" Pon (9 December 1936 – 30 September 2019) was a Dutch vintner and Olympian and motor racing driver. He competed in one Formula One race, the 1962 Dutch Grand Prix, but had a far longer career in sports car racing, befo ...
. Unable to interest dealers or importers in the Volkswagen, Pon sells the sample car to pay his travel expenses. Only two 1949 models are sold in America that year, convincing Volkswagen chairman
Heinrich Nordhoff
Heinz Heinrich Nordhoff (6 January 1899 – 12 April 1968) was a German engineer who led the Volkswagen company as it was rebuilt after World War II.
Life and career
Nordhoff was born in Hildesheim, the son of a banker. He graduated from the Tech ...
the car has no future in the U.S. (The Type 1 goes on to become an automotive phenomenon.)
*
January 20 –
Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. A leader of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 34th vice president from January to April 1945 under Franklin ...
is
sworn in for a full term, as
President of the United States
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
.
*
January 25
** The
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (, ; English abbreviation COMECON, CMEA, CEMA, or CAME) was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc along wit ...
(CMEA or COMECON) is established by the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
and other
communist nations.
** In the
first Israeli elections,
David Ben-Gurion
David Ben-Gurion ( ; he, דָּוִד בֶּן-גּוּרִיּוֹן ; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary national founder of the State of Israel and the first prime minister of Israel. Adopting the nam ...
becomes
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...
.
*
January 26
Events Pre-1600
* 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
*1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
* 1564 – The Council of Tren ...
**
Australian citizenship
Australian nationality law details the conditions in which a person holds Australian legal nationality. The primary law governing nationality regulations is the Australian Citizenship Act 2007, which Coming into force, came into force on 1 July ...
comes into being.
* c.
January 28
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...
–
Stalin and antisemitism
The accusation that Joseph Stalin was antisemitic is much discussed by historians. Although part of a movement that included Jews and rejected antisemitism, he privately displayed a contemptuous attitude toward Jews on various occasions that were ...
: The media in the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
resume a savage propaganda campaign against "
rootless cosmopolitan
Rootless cosmopolitan () was a pejorative Soviet epithet which referred mostly to Jewish intellectuals as an accusation of their lack of allegiance to the Soviet Union, especially during the antisemitic campaign of 1948–1953. This campaign ...
s", a euphemism for
Soviet Jews
The history of the Jews in the Soviet Union is inextricably linked to much earlier expansionist policies of the Russian Empire conquering and ruling the eastern half of the European continent already before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. "For ...
, accusing them of being
pro-Western
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to the various nations and states in the regions of Europe, North America, and Oceania. and
antisocialist
Criticism of socialism (also known as anti-socialism) is any critique of Socialist economics, socialist models of economic organization and their feasibility as well as the political and social implications of adopting such a system. Some critiq ...
.
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
*1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
– Forces from the
Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil ...
enter Beijing.
February
*
February 10
Events Pre-1600
* 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end.
* 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, spar ...
–
Arthur Miller
Arthur Asher Miller (October 17, 1915 – February 10, 2005) was an American playwright, essayist and screenwriter in the 20th-century American theater. Among his most popular plays are ''All My Sons'' (1947), '' Death of a Salesman'' (1 ...
's tragedy ''
Death of a Salesman
''Death of a Salesman'' is a 1949 stage play written by American playwright Arthur Miller. The play premiered on Broadway in February 1949, running for 742 performances. It is a two-act tragedy set in late 1940s Brooklyn told through a montage ...
'' opens at the
Morosco Theatre in
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the Un ...
, and runs for 742 performances.
*
February 11 – The
London Mozart Players
London Mozart Players (LMP) are a British chamber orchestra founded in 1949. LMP are the longest-established chamber orchestra in the United Kingdom. Since 1989, the orchestra has been Resident Orchestra at Fairfield Halls, Croydon.
History
B ...
perform their first concert at the
Wigmore Hall
Wigmore Hall is a concert hall located at 36 Wigmore Street, London. Originally called Bechstein Hall, it specialises in performances of chamber music, early music, vocal music and song recitals. It is widely regarded as one of the world's leadi ...
,
London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
.
*
February 13 –
António Óscar Carmona
Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular mal ...
is re-elected
president of Portugal
The president of Portugal, officially the president of the Portuguese Republic ( pt, Presidente da República Portuguesa, ), is the head of state and highest office of Portugal.
The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, an ...
, for lack of an opposing candidate.
*
February 17 –
Chaim Weizmann
Chaim Azriel Weizmann ( he, חיים עזריאל ויצמן ', russian: Хаим Евзорович Вейцман, ''Khaim Evzorovich Veytsman''; 27 November 1874 – 9 November 1952) was a Russian-born biochemist, Zionist leader and Israe ...
begins his term, as the first
President of Israel
The president of the State of Israel ( he, נְשִׂיא מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Nesi Medinat Yisra'el, or he, נְשִׂיא הַמְדִינָה, Nesi HaMedina, President of the State) is the head of state of Israel. The posi ...
.
*
February 19 –
Ezra Pound is awarded the first
Bollingen Prize
The Bollingen Prize for Poetry is a literary honor bestowed on an American poet in recognition of the best book of new verse within the last two years, or for lifetime achievement. in poetry, by the
Bollingen Foundation
The Bollingen Foundation was an educational foundation set up along the lines of a university press in 1945. It was named after Bollingen Tower, Carl Jung's country home in Bollingen, Switzerland. Funding was provided by Paul Mellon and his wife ...
and
Yale University
Yale University is a Private university, private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United Sta ...
.
*
February 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Ferd ...
–
Grady the Cow
Grady the Cow ( - July 24, 1961) became famous for being the cow stuck inside a storage silo on a farm in Yukon, Oklahoma, in 1949.Associated Press"Grady Dies; Famous As Cow in Silo" '' Reading Eagle''. (Reading, Pennsylvania), July 25, 1961. Retr ...
, a 1,200-pound
cow
Cattle (''Bos taurus'') are large, domesticated, cloven-hooved, herbivores. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus ''Bos''. Adult females are referred to as cows and adult ma ...
, gets stuck inside a
silo on a farm in
Yukon, Oklahoma
Yukon is a city in eastern Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States. It is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 22,709 at the 2010 census. Founded in the 1890s, the town was named in reference to a gold rush in Yukon ...
, and garners national media attention in the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
.
*
February 26 – The
Revolutionary Communist Party of India
The Revolutionary Communist Party of India ( RCPI) is a political party in India. The party was founded as the Communist League by Saumyendranath Tagore in 1934, breaking away from the Communist Party of India (CPI). RCPI led armed uprisings af ...
stages attacks at
Dum Dum
Dum Dum is a city and a municipality of Kolkata district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of Kolkata urban area and also a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).
Etymology
During the 19th ...
.
March
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
** World heavyweight boxing champion
Joe Louis retires.
**
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
seizes
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...
from the
Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
* Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States
* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
.
*
March 2
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...
– The
B-50 Superfortress
The Boeing B-50 Superfortress is an American strategic bomber. A post–World War II revision of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, it was fitted with more powerful Pratt & Whitney R-4360 radial engines, stronger structure, a taller tail fin, and ot ...
''
Lucky Lady II
''Lucky Lady II'' is a United States Air Force Boeing B-50 Superfortress that became the first airplane to circle the world nonstop. Its 1949 journey, assisted by in-flight refueling, lasted 94 hours and 1 minute. The plane later suffered an acc ...
'' (under Captain James Gallagher) lands in
Fort Worth, Texas
Fort Worth is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Texas and the 13th-largest city in the United States. It is the county seat of Tarrant County, covering nearly into four other counties: Denton, Johnson, Parker, and Wise. Accord ...
, after completing the first non-stop around-the-world airplane flight (it was refueled in flight 4 times).
*
March 17
Events Pre-1600
* 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.
* 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ei ...
– The
Shamrock Hotel
The Shamrock was a hotel constructed between 1946 and 1949 by wildcatter Glenn McCarthy southwest of downtown Houston, Texas next to the Texas Medical Center. It was the largest hotel built in the United States during the 1940s. The grand openi ...
in
Houston, Texas, owned by oil tycoon
Glenn McCarthy
Glenn Herbert McCarthy (December 25, 1907 – December 26, 1988) was an American oil tycoon. The media often referred to him as "Diamond Glenn" and "The King of the Wildcatters". McCarthy was an oil prospector and entrepreneur who owned many busi ...
, has its grand opening.
*
March 20
Events Pre-1600
* 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka.
* 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 1600 – The Link ...
– The
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy
The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad was a railroad that operated in the Midwestern United States. Commonly referred to as the Burlington Route, the Burlington, or as the Q, it operated extensive trackage in the states of Colorado, Illin ...
,
Denver and Rio Grande Western
The Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad , often shortened to ''Rio Grande'', D&RG or D&RGW, formerly the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, was an American Class I railroad company. The railroad started as a narrow-gauge line running south from De ...
and
Western Pacific railroads inaugurate the ''
California Zephyr
The ''California Zephyr'' is a passenger train operated by Amtrak between Chicago and the San Francisco Bay Area (at Emeryville), via Omaha, Denver, Salt Lake City, and Reno. At , it is Amtrak's longest daily route, and second-longest overall ...
'' passenger train between
Chicago
(''City in a Garden''); I Will
, image_map =
, map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago
, coordinates =
, coordinates_footnotes =
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name ...
and
Oakland, California
Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. A major West Coast of the United States, West Coast port, Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the third ...
, as the first long-distance train to feature
Vistadome
A dome car is a type of railway passenger car that has a glass dome on the top of the car where passengers can ride and see in all directions around the train. It also can include features of a coach, lounge car, dining car, sleeping car or ...
cars as regular equipment.
*
March 21
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...
–
WTVJ
WTVJ (channel 6) is a television station in Miami, Florida, United States, airing programming from the NBC network. It is owned and operated by the network's NBC Owned Television Stations division alongside Fort Lauderdale–licensed WSCV (ch ...
signs on the air in
Miami, Florida
Miami ( ), officially the City of Miami, known as "the 305", "The Magic City", and "Gateway to the Americas", is a East Coast of the United States, coastal metropolis and the County seat, county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade C ...
, as the first station in the state.
*
March 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6.
*1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate o ...
– The
21st Academy Awards Ceremony is held. The movie ''
Hamlet
''The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark'', often shortened to ''Hamlet'' (), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play, with 29,551 words. Set in Denmark, the play depicts ...
'' wins the
Academy Award for Best Picture.
*
March 25
**
Operation Priboi
Operation Priboi (russian: Операция «Прибой» – "Operation 'Coastal Surf) was the code name for the Population transfer in the Soviet Union, Soviet mass deportation from the Baltic states on 25–28 March 1949. The action is also ...
: An extensive deportation campaign begins in
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...
,
Latvia and
Lithuania. The
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
authorities deport more than 92,000 people from the
Baltic states to remote areas of the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
.
** A first issued of weekly magazine
Paris Match
''Paris Match'' () is a French-language weekly news magazine. It covers major national and international news along with celebrity lifestyle features.
History and profile
A sports news magazine, ''Match l'intran'' (a play on '' L'Intransigeant ...
published in
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
.
*
March 26
Events Pre-1600
* 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
*1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, ...
– The first half of
Giuseppe Verdi's opera ''
Aida
''Aida'' (or ''Aïda'', ) is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Antonio Ghislanzoni. Set in the Old Kingdom of Egypt, it was commissioned by Cairo's Khedivial Opera House and had its première there on 24 Decemb ...
'', conducted by legendary conductor
Arturo Toscanini, and performed in concert (i.e. no scenery or costumes), is telecast by
NBC
The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network. The flagship property of the NBC Entertainment division of NBCUniversal, a division of Comcast, its headquarters are l ...
, live from
Studio 8H at
Rockefeller Center
Rockefeller Center is a large complex consisting of 19 commercial buildings covering between 48th Street and 51st Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The 14 original Art Deco buildings, commissioned by the Rockefeller family, span th ...
. The second half is telecast a week later. This is the only complete opera that Toscanini ever conducts on television.
*
March 28
Events Pre-1600
* AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate.
* 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
**
United States Secretary of Defense
The United States secretary of defense (SecDef) is the head of the United States Department of Defense, the executive department of the U.S. Armed Forces, and is a high ranking member of the federal cabinet. DoDD 5100.1: Enclosure 2: a The ...
James Forrestal
James Vincent Forrestal (February 15, 1892 – May 22, 1949) was the last Cabinet-level United States Secretary of the Navy and the first United States Secretary of Defense.
Forrestal came from a very strict middle-class Irish Catholic fami ...
resigns suddenly.
** English astronomer
Fred Hoyle
Sir Fred Hoyle FRS (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was an English astronomer who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis and was one of the authors of the influential B2FH paper. He also held controversial stances on other sci ...
coins the term ''
Big Bang'' during a
BBC Third Programme
The BBC Third Programme was a national radio station produced and broadcast from 1946 until 1967, when it was replaced by Radio 3. It first went on the air on 29 September 1946 and quickly became one of the leading cultural and intellectual f ...
radio broadcast.
*
March 30
Events Pre-1600
* 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague.
*1282 &ndash ...
– The
anti-NATO riot takes place, prompted by the decision of the
Icelandic parliament
The Alþingi (''general meeting'' in Icelandic, , anglicised as ' or ') is the supreme national parliament of Iceland. It is one of the oldest surviving parliaments in the world. The Althing was founded in 930 at ("thing fields" or "assembl ...
to join the newly formed
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
.
*
March 31 – The former
British
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English, ...
colony of
Newfoundland joins
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
, as its 10th
province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman '' provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
.
April
*
April 4 – The
North Atlantic Treaty
The North Atlantic Treaty, also referred to as the Washington Treaty, is the treaty that forms the legal basis of, and is implemented by, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The treaty was signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 194 ...
is signed in
Washington, D.C.
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
, creating the
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
defense alliance.
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
–
Rodgers and Hammerstein
Rodgers and Hammerstein was a theater-writing team of composer Richard Rodgers (1902–1979) and lyricist-dramatist Oscar Hammerstein II (1895–1960), who together created a series of innovative and influential American musicals. Their popular ...
's ''
South Pacific'', starring
Mary Martin
Mary Virginia Martin (December 1, 1913 – November 3, 1990) was an American actress and singer. A muse of Rodgers and Hammerstein, she originated many leading roles on stage over her career, including Nellie Forbush in '' South Pacific'' (194 ...
and
Ezio Pinza
Ezio Fortunato Pinza (May 18, 1892May 9, 1957) was an Italian opera singer. Pinza possessed a rich, smooth and sonorous voice, with a flexibility unusual for a bass. He spent 22 seasons at New York's Metropolitan Opera, appearing in more than 750 ...
, opens on
Broadway
Broadway may refer to:
Theatre
* Broadway Theatre (disambiguation)
* Broadway theatre, theatrical productions in professional theatres near Broadway, Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
** Broadway (Manhattan), the street
**Broadway Theatre (53rd Stree ...
, and goes on to become Rodgers and Hammerstein's second longest-running
musical. It becomes an instant classic of the
musical theatre. The score's biggest hit is the song "
Some Enchanted Evening
"Some Enchanted Evening" is a show tune from the 1949 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical ''South Pacific''. It has been described as "the single biggest popular hit to come out of any Rodgers and Hammerstein show." Mast, Gerald''Can't Help Singin': ...
".
*
April 8 –
Kathy Fiscus
Kathryn Anne Fiscus (August 21, 1945 – April 8, 1949) was a three-year-old girl who died after falling into a well in San Marino, California. The attempted rescue, broadcast live on KTLA, was a landmark event in American television history.
Bi ...
, 3 years old, dies from falling down an abandoned well in
San Marino, California
San Marino is a residential city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. It was incorporated on April 25, 1913. At the 2010 census the population was 13,147. The city is one of the wealthiest places in the nation in terms of househo ...
.
*
April 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
– The
N'Ko alphabet
N'Ko () is a script devised by Solomana Kante in 1949, as a modern writing system for the Mandé languages of West Africa. The term ''N'Ko'', which means ''I say'' in all Mandé languages, is also used for the Mandé literary standard written ...
is completed by
Solomana Kante
Solomana Kanté (also written as Sùlemáana Kántε, Souleymane Kanté or Sulemaana Kantè; , 1922 – November 23, 1987) was a Guinean writer and educator, best known as the inventor of the N'Ko alphabet for the Mandé languages of Africa.
K ...
.
*
April 15
Events Pre-1600
* 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.
* 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...
–
KPFA, the flagship station of the
Pacifica Foundation, begins broadcasting in
Berkeley, California
Berkeley ( ) is a city on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California, United States. It is named after the 18th-century Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley. It borders the cities of Oakland and E ...
.
*
April 18
Events Pre-1600
* 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Coria (Corbridge), Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald of Northumbria, Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 d ...
– The
Republic of Ireland
Ireland ( ga, Éire ), also known as the Republic of Ireland (), is a country in north-western Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 Counties of Ireland, counties of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, on the eastern ...
formally becomes a
republic, and leaves the
British Commonwealth
The Commonwealth of Nations, simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is a political association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the Co ...
.
*
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
*1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
*1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
–
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...
frigate HMS ''Amethyst'' goes up the
Yangtze
The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ; ) is the longest river in Asia, the third-longest in the world, and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It rises at Jari Hill in the Tanggula Mountains (Tibetan Plateau) and flows ...
River, to evacuate
British Commonwealth
The Commonwealth of Nations, simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is a political association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the Co ...
refugees escaping the advance of
Mao's
Communist forces. Under heavy fire, she grounds off Rose Island. After an abortive rescue attempt on
April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
*1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 1 ...
, she anchors upstream. Negotiations with the Communists to let the ship leave drag on for weeks, during which time the ship's cat
Simon
Simon may refer to:
People
* Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon
* Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon
* Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...
raises the crew's morale.
*
April 23 – Chinese Communist troops take
Nanjing
Nanjing (; , Mandarin pronunciation: ), alternately romanized as Nanking, is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China. It is a sub-provincial city, a megacity, and the second largest city in the East China region. T ...
.
*
April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
*1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 1 ...
– Transjordan changes its name to the Hashemite Kingdom of
Jordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
.
*
April 28
Events Pre-1600
* 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
** The
1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference issues the
London Declaration
The London Declaration was a declaration issued by the 1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference on the issue of India's continued membership of the Commonwealth of Nations, an association of independent states formerly part of the British ...
, enabling
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
(and, thereafter, any other nation) to remain in the Commonwealth despite becoming a republic, creating the position of '
Head of the Commonwealth
The head of the Commonwealth is the ceremonial leader who symbolises "the free association of independent member nations" of the Commonwealth of Nations, an intergovernmental organisation that currently comprises 56 sovereign states. There is ...
' (held by the ruling British monarch), and renaming the organization, from the 'British Commonwealth' to the '
Commonwealth of Nations
The Commonwealth of Nations, simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is a political association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the ...
'.
** Former
First Lady of the Philippines
The first lady or first gentleman of the Philippines ( fil, Unang Ginang o Unang Ginoó ng Pilipinas) is the courtesy title given to the host or hostess of Malacañang Palace, the residence of the head of state and head of government of the Phil ...
Aurora Quezon, 61, is assassinated while en route to dedicate a hospital in memory of her
late husband; her daughter and 10 others are also killed.
May
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
*1169 – N ...
–
Nereid
In Greek mythology, the Nereids or Nereides ( ; grc, Νηρηΐδες, Nērēḯdes; , also Νημερτές) are sea nymphs (female spirits of sea waters), the 50 daughters of the ' Old Man of the Sea' Nereus and the Oceanid Doris, sisters ...
, a moon of
Neptune, is discovered by
Gerard Kuiper
Gerard Peter Kuiper (; ; born Gerrit Pieter Kuiper; 7 December 1905 – 23 December 1973) was a Dutch astronomer, planetary scientist, selenographer, author and professor. He is the eponymous namesake of the Kuiper belt.
Kuiper is ...
.
*
May 4
Events Pre-1600
* 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''.
* 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus ar ...
–
Superga air disaster
The Superga air disaster occurred on 4 May 1949, when a Fiat G.212 of Avio Linee Italiane (Italian Airlines), carrying the entire Torino football team (popularly known as the ''Grande Torino''), crashed into the retaining wall at the back of th ...
: A Fiat G.212 airliner of Avio Linee Italiane, carrying the entire Torino F.C. football team, crashes into the back wall of the Basilica of Superga, killing all 31 on board.
*
May 5
Events Pre-1600
* 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins.
*1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta.
*1260 – Kub ...
– The
Council of Europe is founded, by the signing of the
Treaty of London.
*
May 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance.
* 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
–
EDSAC, the first practicable
stored-program computer, runs its first program at
Cambridge University
The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209 and granted a royal charter by Henry III of England, Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the world' ...
.
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
*1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
*1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
–
Rainier III
Rainier III (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; 31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005) was Prince of Monaco from 1949 to his death in 2005. Rainier ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest-ruling ...
becomes Prince of
Monaco
Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (french: Principauté de Monaco; Ligurian: ; oc, Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Lig ...
, upon the death of his maternal grandfather
Louis II.
*
May 11
**
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
is admitted to the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
, as its 59th member.
** Siam officially changes its French name to "Thaïlande" (English name to "
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
"), having officially changed its Thai name to "Prated Thai" since 1939.
*
May 12
Events Pre-1600
* 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism.
* 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...
–
Cold War: The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
lifts the
Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949) was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post–World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, ro ...
.
*
May 16 – The
Tokyo Stock Exchange
The , abbreviated as Tosho () or TSE/TYO, is a stock exchange located in Tokyo, Japan. It is the third largest stock exchange in the world by aggregate market capitalization of its listed companies, and the largest in Asia. It had 2,292 listed ...
resumes operations, after a four-year shutdown.
*
May 20
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church.
* 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...
** The
AFSA (predecessor of the
NSA
The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collecti ...
) is established.
** The
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Tai ...
regime declares
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
under
martial law
Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions or suspension of civil law by a government, especially in response to an emergency where civil forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory.
Use
Marti ...
, which lasts until
1987
File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, ...
.
*
May 22
Events Pre-1600
* 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu.
* 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt.
* 1 ...
– After two months in
Bethesda Naval Hospital
The Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC), formerly known as the National Naval Medical Center and colloquially referred to as the Bethesda Naval Hospital, Walter Reed, or Navy Med, is a United States' tri-service military medi ...
,
James Forrestal
James Vincent Forrestal (February 15, 1892 – May 22, 1949) was the last Cabinet-level United States Secretary of the Navy and the first United States Secretary of Defense.
Forrestal came from a very strict middle-class Irish Catholic fami ...
commits suicide, under circumstances that seem suspicious to many.
*
May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
*1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
* 1533 – The marriage of King Henry VI ...
– The
Federal Republic of Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between ...
is established.
*
May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...
– The first trial of
Alger Hiss for perjury begins in New York City, with
Whittaker Chambers
Whittaker Chambers (born Jay Vivian Chambers; April 1, 1901 – July 9, 1961) was an American writer-editor, who, after early years as a Communist Party member (1925) and Soviet spy (1932–1938), defected from the Soviet underground (1938) ...
as principal witness for the prosecution, but will end in a jury deadlock (8 for, 4 against).
June
*
June 5 –
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
elects
Orapin Chaiyakan
Orapin Chaiyakan ( th, อรพินท์ ไชยกาล) (born May 6, 1904) was a Thailand, Thai politician and teacher. She was born in Ubon Ratchathani, studied education in Bangkok, and served as headteacher of Narinukun School from 19 ...
, the first
Thai female member of
Thailand's Parliament
The National Assembly of Thailand (Abbreviation, Abrv: NAT; th, รัฐสภา, , ) is the bicameral Legislature, legislative branch of the Government of Thailand, government of Thailand. It convenes in the Sappaya-Sapasathan, Dusit Distric ...
.
*
June 6 – With the passage of the Bodh Gaya Temple Act by the Indian government,
Mahabodhi Temple
The Mahabodhi Temple (literally: "Great Awakening Temple") or the Mahābodhi Mahāvihāra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an ancient, but rebuilt and restored Buddhist temple in Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India, marking the location where the Buddha i ...
is restored to partial
Buddhist
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...
control.
*
June 7
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire).
* 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state.
* 1002 – Henr ...
–
25 – Dock workers strike in the United Kingdom.
*
June 8
Events Pre-1600
* 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus.
* 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern province ...
**
Second Red Scare
McCarthyism is the practice of making false or unfounded accusations of subversion and treason, especially when related to anarchism, communism and socialism, and especially when done in a public and attention-grabbing manner.
The term origina ...
in the United States: Celebrities including
Helen Keller,
Dorothy Parker
Dorothy Parker (née Rothschild; August 22, 1893 – June 7, 1967) was an American poet, writer, critic, and satirist based in New York; she was known for her wit, wisecracks, and eye for 20th-century urban foibles.
From a conflicted and unhap ...
,
Danny Kaye,
Fredric March
Fredric March (born Ernest Frederick McIntyre Bickel; August 31, 1897 – April 14, 1975) was an American actor, regarded as one of Hollywood's most celebrated, versatile stars of the 1930s and 1940s.Obituary '' Variety'', April 16, 1975, ...
,
John Garfield
John Garfield (born Jacob Julius Garfinkle, March 4, 1913 – May 21, 1952) was an American actor who played brooding, rebellious, working-class characters. He grew up in poverty in New York City. In the early 1930s, he became a member of ...
,
Paul Muni and
Edward G. Robinson are named in a
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Justice, ...
report, as
Communist Party
A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ...
members.
**
George Orwell's
dystopian novel ''
Nineteen Eighty-Four
''Nineteen Eighty-Four'' (also stylised as ''1984'') is a dystopian social science fiction novel and cautionary tale written by the English writer George Orwell. It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker & Warburg as Orwell's ninth and fina ...
'' is published in London.
*
June 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
* 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon ...
–
Albert II, a
rhesus monkey, becomes the first
primate
Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians ( monkeys and apes, the latter including ...
to enter space, on U.S.
Hermes project
Project Hermes was a missile research program run by the Ordnance Corps of the United States Army from November 15, 1944, to December 31, 1954, in response to Germany's rocket attacks in Europe during World War II. The program was to determine ...
V-2 rocket
The V-2 (german: Vergeltungswaffe 2, lit=Retaliation Weapon 2), with the technical name ''Aggregat 4'' (A-4), was the world’s first long-range guided ballistic missile. The missile, powered by a liquid-propellant rocket engine, was develop ...
''Blossom IVB'', but is killed on impact at return.
*
June 19
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea.
*1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chan ...
–
Glenn Dunaway
Henry Glenn Dunaway (July 6, 1914 – March 8, 1964) was an American auto racer noted for initially winning, and then being disqualified from, what is today recognized as NASCAR's first-ever race.
NASCAR career
1949
Dunaway competed in NASC ...
wins the
inaugural
In government and politics, inauguration is the process of swearing a person into office and thus making that person the incumbent. Such an inauguration commonly occurs through a formal ceremony or special event, which may also include an inaugur ...
NASCAR Cup Series race at
Charlotte Speedway
Charlotte Speedway was the site of NASCAR's first Strictly Stock Series (now NASCAR Cup Series) race on June 19, 1949. The Daytona Beach Road Course held the first race sanctioned by NASCAR in 1948. The track was a few miles west of the NASCAR ...
, a 3/4 mile oval in
Charlotte, North Carolina
Charlotte ( ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Located in the Piedmont region, it is the county seat of Mecklenburg County. The population was 874,579 at the 2020 census, making Charlotte the 16th-most populo ...
, but is disqualified due to illegal springs.
Jim Roper
Christian David "Jim" Roper (August 13, 1916 – June 23, 2000) was a NASCAR driver. He lived in Halstead, Kansas. He is most known as the winner of the first ever NASCAR race at Charlotte.
Racing career
Roper lived at his grandfather's hors ...
is declared the official winner.
*
June 24
Events Pre-1600
*1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa.
* 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome. ...
– The first
television western
Television westerns are a subgenre of the Western (genre), Western, a genre of film, fiction, drama, television programming, etc., in which stories are set primarily in the later half of the 19th century in the American Old West, Western Canada an ...
, ''
Hopalong Cassidy'', airs on
NBC
The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network. The flagship property of the NBC Entertainment division of NBCUniversal, a division of Comcast, its headquarters are l ...
in the United States.
*
June 29
Events Pre-1600
* 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.
*1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi.
* 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, ...
–
Apartheid
Apartheid (, especially South African English: , ; , "aparthood") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. Apartheid was ...
: The ''South African Citizenship Act'' suspends the granting of citizenship to
Commonwealth of Nations
The Commonwealth of Nations, simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is a political association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the ...
immigrants after 5 years, and imposes a ban on
mixed marriages.
July
*
July 1 – The
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India is established.
*
July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, ...
– ''
Pamir Pamir may refer to:
Geographical features
* Pamir Mountains, a mountain range in Central Asia
** Pamir-Alay, a mountain system in Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, part of the Pamir Mountains
*A pamir (valley) is a high plateau or valley surro ...
'' is the last ''commercial''
sailing ship
A sailing ship is a sea-going vessel that uses sails mounted on masts to harness the power of wind and propel the vessel. There is a variety of sail plans that propel sailing ships, employing square-rigged or fore-and-aft sails. Some ships ...
to round
Cape Horn
Cape Horn ( es, Cabo de Hornos, ) is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile, and is located on the small Hornos Island. Although not the most southerly point of South America (which are the Diego Ramí ...
, under sail alone.
*
July 15
Events Pre-1600
*484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome
* 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. ( 17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar).
* 756 – ...
– In an
explosion at Prüm in Germany, the town is badly damaged and 12 people die. The explosion crater is one of the largest ever recorded.
*
July 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
* 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is ...
– The
Kingdom of Laos is officially formed, but is not independent from the
French Army
The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (french: Armée de Terre, ), is the land-based and largest component of the French Armed Forces. It is responsible to the Government of France, along with the other components of the Armed Force ...
.
*
July 20
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
* 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defea ...
–
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
and
Syria sign a truce to end their 19-month war.
*
July 24
Events Pre-1600
*1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
* 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
*1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirl ...
(St John's Day) – Eruption of the
Cumbre Vieja
The Cumbre Vieja (; meaning "Old Summit") is an active volcanic ridge on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands, Spain. The spine of Cumbre Vieja trends in an approximate north–south direction, comprising the southern half of La Palma, ...
volcano on
La Palma
La Palma (, ), also known as ''La isla bonita'' () and officially San Miguel de La Palma, is the most north-westerly island of the Canary Islands, Spain. La Palma has an area of making it the fifth largest of the eight main Canary Islands. The ...
begins.
*
July 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, somewhere north of the Firth of Forth.
* 1189 – Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Ste ...
** The
de Havilland Comet
The de Havilland DH.106 Comet was the world's first commercial jet airliner. Developed and manufactured by de Havilland in the United Kingdom, the Comet 1 prototype first flew in 1949. It featured an aerodynamically clean design with four ...
, the world's first jet-powered airliner, makes its first flight, in England.
**
Rhodesia beats the
New Zealand national rugby union team
The New Zealand national rugby union team, commonly known as the All Blacks ( mi, Ōpango), represents New Zealand in men's international rugby union, which is considered the country's national sport. The team won the Rugby World Cup in 1987 ...
(the All Blacks) 10–8, in an exhibition match in
Bulawayo
Bulawayo (, ; Ndebele: ''Bulawayo'') is the second largest city in Zimbabwe, and the largest city in the country's Matabeleland region. The city's population is disputed; the 2022 census listed it at 665,940, while the Bulawayo City Council ...
, the only non-
Test
Test(s), testing, or TEST may refer to:
* Test (assessment), an educational assessment intended to measure the respondents' knowledge or other abilities
Arts and entertainment
* ''Test'' (2013 film), an American film
* ''Test'' (2014 film), ...
nation ever to achieve this feat.
*
July 30
Events Pre-1600
* 762 – Baghdad is founded.
*1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council.
* 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islan ...
–
Legal aid in England and Wales begins.
*
July 31 – Captain Kerans of
HMS ''Amethyst'' decides to make a break after nightfall, under heavy fire from the Chinese
People's Liberation Army on both sides of the
Yangtze
The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ; ) is the longest river in Asia, the third-longest in the world, and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It rises at Jari Hill in the Tanggula Mountains (Tibetan Plateau) and flows ...
River, and successfully rejoins the fleet at
Woosung the next day.
August
*
August 3
Events Pre-1600
* 8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatae on the river Bosna.
* 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emper ...
– The
Basketball Association of America and the
National Basketball League finalize the merger that will create the
National Basketball Association
The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a professional basketball league in North America. The league is composed of 30 teams (29 in the United States and 1 in Canada) and is one of the major professional sports leagues in the United St ...
.
*
August 5
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty.
* 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...
– In
Ecuador
Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ' ...
, the 6.8
Ambato earthquake kills more than 5,000, and destroys a number of villages.
*
August 8
Events Pre-1600
* 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as the ...
–
Bhutan
Bhutan (; dz, འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, Druk Yul ), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan,), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is situated in the Eastern Himalayas, between China in the north and India in the south. A mountainou ...
signs a
Treaty of Friendship with newly independent India, agreeing non-interference in internal affairs, but allowing India to "guide" its foreign policy (similar to the previous arrangements with the British administration in India).
*
August 10
Events Pre-1600
* 654 – Pope Eugene I elected to succeed Martinus I.
* 955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (german: Otto der Gro ...
– the
Avro Canada C102 Jetliner
The Avro Canada C102 Jetliner was a Canadian prototype medium-range turbojet-powered jet airliner built by Avro Canada in 1949. It was beaten to the air by only 13 days by the de Havilland Comet, thereby becoming the second jet airliner in the ...
makes its first flight; it is the first jet airliner to fly in North America.
*
August 12
Events Pre-1600
*1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade.
* 1121 – B ...
– The
Fourth Geneva Convention is agreed to.
*
August 14
** The
Salvatore Giuliano Gang explodes mines under a police barracks, outside
Palermo,
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
.
** A
military coup
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ...
in
Syria ousts the president.
*
August 21
** The
Vatican
Vatican may refer to:
Vatican City, the city-state ruled by the pope in Rome, including St. Peter's Basilica, Sistine Chapel, Vatican Museum
The Holy See
* The Holy See, the governing body of the Catholic Church and sovereign entity recognized ...
announces that
bones
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. Bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, a ...
uncovered in its
catacombs could be those of the apostle
Peter
Peter may refer to:
People
* List of people named Peter, a list of people and fictional characters with the given name
* Peter (given name)
** Saint Peter (died 60s), apostle of Jesus, leader of the early Christian Church
* Peter (surname), a sur ...
; 19 years later,
Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI ( la, Paulus VI; it, Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, ; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death in Augus ...
announces confirmation that the bones belong to this first
Pope
The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
.
**
Deportivo Saprissa
Deportivo Saprissa is a Costa Rican sports club, mostly known for its football team. The club is based in San Juan de Tibás, San José, and play their home games at the Estadio Ricardo Saprissa Aymá. The team's signature colours are purple ...
enters
Costa Rican soccer's first division.
** The
1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake
The 1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake struck Haida Gwaii (at the time known as the Queen Charlotte Islands) and the Pacific Northwest coast at 8:01 p.m. PDT on August 21. The earthquake had a moment magnitude of 8.0 and a surface wav ...
is Canada's largest earthquake since the
1700 Cascadia earthquake
The 1700 Cascadia earthquake occurred along the Cascadia subduction zone on January 26, 1700, with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.7–9.2. The megathrust earthquake involved the Juan de Fuca Plate from mid-Vancouver Island, south along the P ...
.
*
August 24
Events Pre-1600
* 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father.
* 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written. ...
– The
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
is established.
*
August 29
Events Pre-1600
* 708 – Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708).
* 870 – The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzantine M ...
** The
Council of Europe meets for the first time.
** The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
tests its first
atomic bomb,
RDS-1
The RDS-1 (russian: РДС-1), also known as Izdeliye 501 (device 501) and First Lightning (), was the nuclear bomb used in the Soviet Union's first nuclear weapon test. The United States assigned it the code-name Joe-1, in reference to Joseph ...
("Joe 1"). Its design imitates the American plutonium bomb that was dropped on
Nagasaki
is the capital and the largest Cities of Japan, city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan.
It became the sole Nanban trade, port used for trade with the Portuguese and Dutch during the 16th through 19th centuries. The Hi ...
, Japan, in
1945
1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which Nuclear weapon, nuclear weapons Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, have been used in combat.
Events
Below, ...
.
*
August 31
Events Pre-1600
* 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty.
* 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year ...
** The retreat of the Greek Democratic Army to Albania, after its defeat at Mount Grammos, marks the end of the
Greek Civil War
The Greek Civil War ( el, ο Eμφύλιος όλεμος}, ''o Emfýlios'' 'Pólemos'' "the Civil War") took place from 1946 to 1949. It was mainly fought against the established Kingdom of Greece, which was supported by the United Kingdom and ...
.
** Six of the last sixteen surviving veterans of the
Union Army
During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also known as the Federal Army and the Northern Army, referring to the United States Army, was the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. It proved essential to th ...
, in the
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states ...
, meet in
Indianapolis.
September
*
September 2
Events
Pre-1600
* 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
* 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his ''Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of the ...
–
Film noir ''
The Third Man
''The Third Man'' is a 1949 British film noir directed by Carol Reed, written by Graham Greene and starring Joseph Cotten, Alida Valli, Orson Welles, and Trevor Howard. Set in postwar Vienna, the film centres on American Holly Martins (Cotten ...
'', with screenplay by
Graham Greene
Henry Graham Greene (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991) was an English writer and journalist regarded by many as one of the leading English novelists of the 20th century. Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity, Greene acquir ...
and set in
Allied-occupied Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
, is released in the United Kingdom; it wins the 1949 Grand Prix at the
Cannes Film Festival
The Cannes Festival (; french: link=no, Festival de Cannes), until 2003 called the International Film Festival (') and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films o ...
.
*
September 6
Events Pre-1600
* 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later.
*1492 – Christopher Colu ...
**
Howard Unruh
Howard Barton Unruh (January 21, 1921 – October 19, 2009) was an American mass murderer who shot and killed thirteen people during a twelve-minute walk through his neighborhood in Camden, New Jersey, on September 6, 1949 in an incident that b ...
, a World War II veteran, kills 13 neighbors in Camden, New Jersey with a souvenir
Parabellum P.08 pistol, to become America's first single-episode
mass murderer.
**
Allied military authorities relinquish control of former
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
assets back to Germany.
![Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F078072-0004, Konrad Adenauer](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F078072-0004%2C_Konrad_Adenauer.jpg)
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cr ...
– The
Federal Republic of Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between ...
is officially founded.
Konrad Adenauer
Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (; 5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1963. From 1946 to 1966, he was the first leader of the Christian Dem ...
is the first federal chancellor.
*
September 9
Events Pre-1600
* 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti.
*1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age.
* 1141 – ...
**
Albert Guay affair
Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 108, known as the Sault-au-Cochon Tragedy was a Douglas DC-3 operated by Canadian Pacific Air Lines (registry CF-CUA S/N: 4518), that was blown up by a dynamite time bomb on 9 September 1949. The plane was ...
: A dynamite bomb destroys
Canadian Pacific Airlines
Canadian Pacific Air Lines was a Canadian airline that operated from 1942 to 1987. It operated under the name CP Air from 1968 to 1986. Headquartered at Vancouver International Airport in Richmond, British Columbia, it served domestic Canadian ...
Douglas DC-3, in
Quebec
Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...
.
** Notorious
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
veteran
Edwin Alonzo Boyd
Edwin Alonzo Boyd (April 2, 1914 – May 17, 2002) was a Canadian bank robber and leader of the Boyd Gang. His career made him a notorious Canadian folk hero.
Early life
Edwin Alonzo Boyd was born on April 2, 1914, four months before the Briti ...
commits his first career bank robbery, in Toronto.
*
September 13
Events Pre-1600
* 585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia.
* 509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hi ...
– The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
vetoes
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
membership for
Ceylon, Finland,
Iceland
Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
, Italy,
Jordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
and Portugal.
*
September 17
** Canadian steamship burns in Toronto Harbour, with the loss of over 118 lives.
**
Warner Bros
Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. (commonly known as Warner Bros. or abbreviated as WB) is an American film and entertainment studio headquartered at the Warner Bros. Studios complex in Burbank, California, and a subsidiary of Warner Bros. D ...
. cartoon, "
Fast and Furry-ous
''Fast and Furry-ous'' is a 1949 Warner Bros. ''Looney Tunes'' cartoon, directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese. The short was released on September 17, 1949, and stars Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner, in their debut.
This wa ...
" is released. It also marks the debut of
Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner
Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner are a duo of cartoon characters from the ''Looney Tunes'' and ''Merrie Melodies'' series of animated cartoons, first appearing in 1949 in the theatrical cartoon short '' Fast and Furry-ous''. In each episode, ...
. The director is
Chuck Jones (credited as Charles M. Jones).
*
September 19
Events Pre-1600
* 85 – Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed.
* 634 – Siege of Damascus: Th ...
– The United Kingdom government devalues the
pound sterling
Sterling (abbreviation: stg; Other spelling styles, such as STG and Stg, are also seen. ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound ( sign: £) is the main unit of sterling, and ...
from
$4.03 to $2.80, leading to many other currencies being devalued.
*
September 23 – U.S. President
Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. A leader of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 34th vice president from January to April 1945 under Franklin ...
announces that the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
has tested the
atomic bomb.
*
September 24
Events Pre-1600
*787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia.
*1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...
–
László Rajk
László Rajk (8 March 1909 – 15 October 1949) was a Hungarian Communist politician, who served as Minister of Interior and Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was an important organizer of the Hungarian Communists' power (for example, organizi ...
, ex-foreign minister of Hungary, is sentenced to death.
*
September 25
Events Pre-1600
* 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus.
* 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt ag ...
– U.S. Christian evangelist
Billy Graham
William Franklin Graham Jr. (November 7, 1918 – February 21, 2018) was an American evangelist and an ordained Southern Baptist minister who became well known internationally in the late 1940s. He was a prominent evangelical Christi ...
starts his
Los Angeles Crusade, his first great evangelistic campaign. It runs for eight weeks during which Graham speaks to 350,000 people and the event is subsequently described as the greatest revival since the time of
Billy Sunday
William Ashley "Billy" Sunday (November 19, 1862 – November 6, 1935) was an American outfielder in baseball's National League and widely considered the most influential American evangelist during the first two decades of the 20th century.
Bo ...
. After this, Graham becomes a national figure in the United States.
*
September 26
Events
Pre-1600
*46 BC – Julius Caesar dedicates a temple to Venus Genetrix, fulfilling a vow he made at the Battle of Pharsalus.
* 715 – Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald at the Battle of Compiègne.
*1087 – William II is crown ...
–
Samuel Putnam
Samuel Putnam (October 10, 1892 – January 15, 1950) was an American translator and scholar of Romance languages. He is also noteworthy as the author of ''Paris Was Our Mistress'', a memoir on writers and artists associated with the American ex-p ...
publishes his new translation of ''
Don Quixote
is a Spanish epic novel by Miguel de Cervantes. Originally published in two parts, in 1605 and 1615, its full title is ''The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha'' or, in Spanish, (changing in Part 2 to ). A founding work of West ...
'', the first in contemporary English. It is instantly acclaimed and is still in print as of 2008.
*
September 29
Events Pre-1600
*61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday.
* 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, ...
** The First Plenary Session of the
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference approves a design for the
Flag of the People's Republic of China
The National Flag of the People's Republic of China, also known as the Five-star Red Flag, is a Chinese red field with five golden stars charged at the canton. The design features one large star, with four smaller stars in an arc set off tow ...
.
**
Iva Toguri D'Aquino
Iva Ikuko Toguri D'Aquino ( ja, 戸栗郁子 アイバ; July 4, 1916 – September 26, 2006) was a Japanese-American disc jockey and radio personality who participated in English-language radio broadcasts transmitted by Radio Tokyo to Allied t ...
is found guilty in the United States of broadcasting for Japan as "
Tokyo Rose
Tokyo Rose (alternative spelling Tokio Rose) was a name given by Allied troops in the South Pacific during World War II to all female English-speaking radio broadcasters of Japanese propaganda. The programs were broadcast in the South Pacific ...
" at the end of World War II.
October
![Flag of the People's Republic of China](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg)
*
October 1
Events Pre-1600
* 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
* 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated.
* 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadw ...
– The
People's Republic of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
is officially proclaimed.
*
October 2
Events Pre-1600
* 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.
* 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and ...
– The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
recognizes the People's Republic of China.
*
October 3
Events Pre-1600
* 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day.
* 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Juliu ...
–
Albanian Subversion
Operation Valuable, also known as the Albanian subversion () or Secret Anglo-American invasion of communist Albania, was one of the earliest covert paramilitary operations in the Eastern Bloc. The main goal of the operation was to overthrow th ...
: First Anglo-American attempt to infiltrate guerillas into
Albania
Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...
; the operation is fatally flawed, by being under the control of double agent
Kim Philby
Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (1 January 191211 May 1988) was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secr ...
.
*
October 7
Events Pre-1600
* 3761 BC – The epoch reference date (start) of the modern Hebrew calendar.
* 1403 – Venetian–Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Modon.
* 1477 ...
– The
German Democratic Republic
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**G ...
(East Germany) is officially established.
*
October 13
Events Pre-1600
* 54 – Roman emperor Claudius dies from poisoning under mysterious circumstances. He is succeeded by his adoptive son Nero, rather than by Britannicus, his son with Messalina.
* 409 – Vandals and Alans cross the P ...
– Severe flooding hits
Guatemala.
*
October 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings.
* 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's ...
– The
Foley Square trial
The Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders in New York City from 1949 to 1958 were the result of US federal government prosecutions in the postwar period and during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States. Leaders of the ...
of
Eugene Dennis
Francis Xavier Waldron (August 10, 1905 – January 31, 1961), best known by the pseudonym Eugene Dennis and Tim Ryan, was an American communist politician and union organizer, best remembered as the long-time leader of the Communist Party USA a ...
and ten other leaders of the
Communist Party USA ends in New York City (the longest trial in U.S. history to this date); all defendants are found guilty and all but one sentenced to five years of prison.
*
October 16
Events Pre-1600
* 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.
* 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.
* ...
–
Greek Civil War
The Greek Civil War ( el, ο Eμφύλιος όλεμος}, ''o Emfýlios'' 'Pólemos'' "the Civil War") took place from 1946 to 1949. It was mainly fought against the established Kingdom of Greece, which was supported by the United Kingdom and ...
ends with a communist surrender.
*
October 17
Events Pre-1600
* 690 – Empress Wu Zetian establishes the Zhou Dynasty of China.
*1091 – London tornado of 1091: A tornado thought to be of strength T8/F4 strikes the heart of London.
*1346 – The English capture King Davi ...
– Chinese communist troops take
Guangzhou
Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kon ...
.
*
October 20
Events Pre-1600
*1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent.
* 1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the re ...
–
China People's Insurance Corporation, as predecessor of
China Life
China Life Insurance Company Limited (short China Life, ) is a Beijing-headquartered China-incorporated company that provides life insurance and annuity
In investment, an annuity is a series of payments made at equal intervals.Kellison, Step ...
was founded.
*
October 24
Events Pre-1600
* AD 69 – In the Second Battle of Bedriacum, troops loyal to Vespasian defeat those of Emperor Vitellius.
*1260 – Chartres Cathedral is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France.
* 1360 – The T ...
– The cornerstone of the
Headquarters of the United Nations
zh, 联合国总部大楼french: Siège des Nations uniesrussian: Штаб-квартира Организации Объединённых Наций es, Sede de las Naciones Unidas
, image = Midtown Manhattan Skyline 004.jpg
, im ...
on
Manhattan
Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...
is laid.
*
October 27
Events Pre-1600
* 312 – Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
* 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam.
* 1524 – French troops lay siege to Pavia.
* 1553 – Condemned as ...
**
Battle of Kuningtou
The Battle of Kuningtou or Battle of Guningtou (), also known as the Battle of Kinmen (), was a battle fought over Kinmen in the Taiwan Strait during the Chinese Civil War in 1949. The failure of the Communists to take the island left it in the ...
: Chinese communist troops fail to take
Quemoy
Kinmen, alternatively known as Quemoy, is a group of islands governed as a county by the Republic of China (Taiwan), off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It lies roughly east of the city of Xiamen in Fujian, from which it is separate ...
; their advance towards
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
is halted.
**
1949 Air France Lockheed Constellation crash
Air France Flight 009 was a scheduled international flight that crashed into a mountain while attempting to land at Santa Maria Airport, Azores on a stopover during a scheduled international passenger flight from Paris-Orly Airport to New York ...
: An Air France flight from Paris to New York crashes in the
Azores
)
, motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace")
, anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores")
, image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg
, map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union
, map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...
on
São Miguel Island
São Miguel Island (; Portuguese for "Saint Michael"), nicknamed "The Green Island" (''Ilha Verde''), is the largest and most populous island in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The island covers and has around 140,000 inhabitants, wi ...
, killing all aboard. Among the victims are violinist
Ginette Neveu
Ginette Neveu (11 August 191928 October 1949) was a French classical violinist. She was killed in a plane crash at the age of 30.
Early life
Neveu was born on 11 August 1919 in Paris into a musical family. Her brother Jean-Paul became a class ...
, and French boxer
Marcel Cerdan
Marcellin "Marcel" Cerdan (; 22 July 1916 – 28 October 1949) was a French professional boxer and world middleweight champion who was considered by many boxing experts and fans to be France's greatest boxer, and beyond to be one of the best to ...
.
November
*
November 7
Events Pre-1600
* 335 – Athanasius is banished to Trier, on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople.
* 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople.
* 921 – Treaty of Bon ...
– Oil is discovered beneath the
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...
, off the coast of the
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.
*
November 12
Events Pre-1600
* 954 – The 13-year-old Lothair III is crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom.
*1028 – Future Byzantine empress Zoe takes the throne as empress consort to Romanos III Argyros.
* 13 ...
– The
Volkswagen Type 2
The Volkswagen Type 2, known officially (depending on body type) as the Transporter, Kombi or Microbus, or, informally, as the Bus (US), Camper (UK) or Bulli (Germany), is a forward control light commercial vehicle introduced in 1950 by the Ge ...
panel van is unveiled in
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
.
*
November 15
Events Pre-1600
* 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
* 1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Mo ...
–
Nathuram Godse
Nathuram Vinayak Godse (19 May 1910 – 15 November 1949) was the assassin of Mahatma Gandhi. He was a Hindu nationalist from Maharashtra who shot Gandhi in the chest three times at point blank range at a multi-faith prayer meeting in B ...
and
Narayan Apte Narayan or Narayana may refer to:
People
*Narayan (name), a common Indian name (including a list of persons with this and related names)
*Narayan (actor), an Indian film actor
*Narayan (writer), Indian writer
*Narayana Pandit, Indian mathematicia ...
are executed for assassinating
Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist Quote: "... marks Gandhi as a hybrid cosmopolitan figure who transformed ... anti- ...
.
*
November 17
Events Pre-1600
* 887 – Emperor Charles the Fat is deposed by the Frankish magnates in an assembly at Frankfurt, leading his nephew, Arnulf of Carinthia, to declare himself king of the East Frankish Kingdom in late November.
* 1183 & ...
– The second trial of
Alger Hiss for perjury begins in
New York, again with
Whittaker Chambers
Whittaker Chambers (born Jay Vivian Chambers; April 1, 1901 – July 9, 1961) was an American writer-editor, who, after early years as a Communist Party member (1925) and Soviet spy (1932–1938), defected from the Soviet underground (1938) ...
as principal witness.
*
November 24
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Theodosius I makes his '' adventus'', or formal entry, into Constantinople.
*1190 – Conrad of Montferrat becomes King of Jerusalem upon his marriage to Isabella I of Jerusalem.
* 1221 – Genghis Khan d ...
– The ski resort in
Squaw Valley, Placer County, California
Olympic Valley (historically or informally known as Squaw Valley) is an unincorporated community located in Placer County, California northwest of Tahoe City along California State Highway 89 on the banks of the Truckee River near Lake Tahoe. I ...
officially opens.
*
November 26
Events Pre-1600
* 783 – The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her king from retaking the throne from Mauregatus.
* 1161 – Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynast ...
– The
Indian Constituent Assembly
The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to frame the Constitution of India. It was elected by the 'Provincial Assembly'. Following India's independence from the British rule in 1947, its members served as the nation's first Parliament as ...
adopts India's constitution.
*
November 28
Events Pre-1600
* 587 – Treaty of Andelot
The Treaty of Andelot (or Pact of Andelot) was signed at Andelot-Blancheville in 587 between King Guntram of Burgundy and Queen Brunhilda of Austrasia. Based on the terms of the accord, Brun ...
–
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from ...
makes a landmark speech in support of the idea of a European Union, at
Kingsway Hall
The Kingsway Hall in Holborn, London, was the base of the West London Mission (WLM) of the Methodist Church, and eventually became one of the most important recording venues for classical music and film music.
It was built in 1912 and demolished ...
, London - but does not see UK as part of it, "''The British Government have rightly stated that they cannot commit this country to entering any European Union without the agreement of the other members of the British Commonwealth"''.
December
![Soekarno](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Soekarno.jpg)
*
December 7
Events Pre-1600
*43 BC – Marcus Tullius Cicero is assassinated in Formia on orders of Marcus Antonius.
* 574 – Byzantine Emperor Justin II, suffering recurring seizures of insanity, adopts his general Tiberius and proclaims him ...
**
Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan
The retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan (), also known as the Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan or the Great Retreat () in Taiwan, refers to the exodus of the remnants of the internationally recognized Kuomintang-ruled ...
finishes, and it declares
Taipei
Taipei (), officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Located in Northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about southwest of the ...
its temporary capital city, a status it will retain more than 50 years later.
** The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) is established as a
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
agency.
* December 10 – 1949 Australian federal election: The Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal/National Party of Australia, Country Coalition (Australia), Coalition led by Robert Menzies defeats the Australian Labor Party, Labor Chifley Government, Government, led by Prime Minister of Australia, Prime Minister Ben Chifley. Menzies is sworn in on December 19, his second stint as Prime Minister; he will hold the office for over 16 years until his retirement in 1966 and Labor will not win office again until 1972 Australian federal election, 1972, under Gough Whitlam.
* December 13 – The Knesset votes to move the capital of Israel to Jerusalem.
* December 14 – Traicho Kostov, who until March was acting President of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria, is sentenced to death for anti-Bulgarian Communist Party, Communist Party activity.
* December 15 – A typhoon strikes a fishing fleet off Korea, killing several thousand.
* December 16 – Sukarno is elected president of the Republic of Indonesia (1949–1950), Republic of Indonesia.
* December 17 – Burma recognises the
People's Republic of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
.
* December 18 – In the American National Football League, the Philadelphia Eagles defeat the Los Angeles Rams 14–0, to win the championship.
* December 27 – The Treaty of The Hague (1949), Treaty of The Hague ends the Indonesian National Revolution by recognising transfer of the sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies from Queen Juliana of the Netherlands to the United States of Indonesia; the Susanto Cabinet takes office in the Republic of Indonesia (1949–1950), Republic of Indonesia.
* December 29
** KC2XAK of Bridgeport, Connecticut, becomes the first Ultra high frequency (UHF) television station to operate a daily schedule.
** Smouha SC (sports club) is founded in Alexandria, Egypt, by Joseph Smouha, a Mizrahi Iraqi Jew.
* December 30 – India recognizes the People's Republic of China.
Date unknown
![Currywurst-1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Currywurst-1.jpg)
* The Malta Labour Party is founded.
* The first 20 mm M61 Vulcan Gatling gun prototypes are completed.
* This is the first year in which no African-American is reported lynched in the United States.
* Fernand Braudel's ''La Méditerranée et le Monde Méditerranéen à l'Epoque de Philippe II'' is published.
* The Currywurst is invented in Berlin.
* D. R. Kaprekar discovers the convergence property of the number 6174.
* Liebherr, a multinational equipment manufacturer, is founded in Baden-Württemberg, West Germany, to build the mobile tower crane devised by Hans Liebherr.
Births
January
![Mick Taylor 2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Mick_Taylor_2.jpg)
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** Ali Kadhim, Iraqi football striker (d. 2018)
** Vehbi Akdağ, Turkish wrestler (d. 2020)
** Max Azria, French fashion designer (d. 2019)
*
January 2
** Nikolai Pankin, Russian breaststroke swimmer, swimming coach (d. 2018)
** Christopher Durang, American playwright
* January 3 – Murder of Sylvia Likens, Sylvia Likens, American murder victim (d. 1965)
* January 7 – Chavo Guerrero Sr., American Professional wrestling, professional wrestler (d. 2017)
* January 8 – Anne Schedeen, American actress
* January 9 – Mary Roos, German singer
* January 10
** George Foreman, African-American boxer
** Linda Lovelace, American porn actress, later anti-porn activist (''Deep Throat (film), Deep Throat'') (d. 2002)
*
January 11
Events Pre-1600
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
* 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muha ...
– Daryl Braithwaite, Australian singer
* January 12
** Ottmar Hitzfeld, German football player, coach
** Haruki Murakami, Japanese author
** Wayne Wang, Hong Kong-born film director
* January 13 – Brandon Tartikoff, American television executive (d. 1997)
* January 14 – Lawrence Kasdan, American director, screenwriter
* January 15 – Panos Mihalopoulos, Greek actor
*
January 16 – Caroline Munro, English actress, model
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
*38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
** Gyude Bryant, Liberian politician (d. 2014)
** Andy Kaufman, American comedian, actor (''Taxi (TV series), Taxi'') (d. 1984)
** Mick Taylor, English musician
* January 18 – Philippe Starck, French designer
* January 19
** Robert Palmer (singer), Robert Palmer, British rock singer ("Addicted to Love (song), Addicted to Love") (d. 2003)
** Dennis Taylor, Irish snooker player
*
January 20 – Göran Persson, 31st Prime Minister of Sweden
* January 22 – Steve Perry (musician), Steve Perry, American rock singer (Journey (band), Journey)
* January 23 – Siti Hardiyanti Rukmana, Indonesian politician and former Minister of Social Affairs
* January 24
** John Belushi, American actor, comedian (''Saturday Night Live'') (d. 1982)
** Nikolaus Brender, German television journalist
*
January 25 – Paul Nurse, English geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
*
January 26
Events Pre-1600
* 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
*1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
* 1564 – The Council of Tren ...
**Nebiha Gueddana, doctor and Tunisian politician
**David Strathairn, American actor (''Good Night, and Good Luck'')
* January 27 – Djavan, Brazilian singer, songwriter
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...
** Gregg Popovich, American basketball coach
** Mike Moore (New Zealand politician), Mike Moore, 34th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 2020)
* January 29
** Tommy Ramone, Hungarian-American drummer (Ramones) (d. 2014)
** Tommi Salmelainen, Finnish hockey player
* January 30 – Peter Agre, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
*1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
** Johan Derksen, Dutch footballer, sports journalist
** Ken Wilber, American philosopher
February
![Simon Crean (1)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Simon_Crean_%281%29.jpg)
* February 1 – Joan Burton, Irish politician
* February 2
** Duncan Bannatyne, Scottish entrepreneur
** Brent Spiner, American actor, comedian and singer (''Star Trek: The Next Generation'')
* February 3 – Hennie Kuiper, Dutch cyclist
* February 4 – Rasim Delić, Bosnian military chief of staff and convicted war criminal (d. 2010)
* February 6 – Jim Sheridan, Irish film director
* February 7 – Joe English (musician), Joe English, American drummer
* February 8
** Brooke Adams (actress), Brooke Adams, American actress
** Florinda Meza, Mexican actress, television producer, and screenwriter (best known as Doña Florinda in ''El Chavo del Ocho'')
* February 9 – Judith Light, American actress
*
February 10
Events Pre-1600
* 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end.
* 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, spar ...
– Maxime Le Forestier, French singer
* February 15 – Ken Anderson (quarterback), Ken Anderson, American NFL player
* February 16 – Lyn Paul, English singer
*
February 17 – Dennis Green, American football coach (d. 2016)
* February 18
**Pat Fraley, American voice actor, voice-over teacher
** Gary Ridgway, American serial killer
*
February 19 – Danielle Bunten Berry, American computer game designer (d. 1998)
* February 21
** Jerry Harrison, American songwriter
** Ronnie Hellström, Swedish footballer (d.
2022
File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretariat; The global monkeypo ...
)
*
February 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Ferd ...
– Niki Lauda, Austrian triple Formula 1 world champion (d. 2019)
* February 25 – Ric Flair, American professional wrestler
*
February 26 – Simon Crean, Australian politician
* February 28 – Ilene Graff, American actress, singer
March
![Michael W](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Michael_W._Young_D81_4345_%2838162439194%29.jpg)
*
March 2
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...
** Gates McFadden, American actress, choreographer
** J.P.R. Williams, Welsh rugby player
* March 3
** Elijah Harper, Canadian Aboriginal activist (d. 2013)
** Gloria Hendry, African-American actress
** Jesse Jefferson, American baseball player (d. 2011)
* March 4 – Helen Frost, American writer
* March 5 – Franz Josef Jung, German politician
* March 6
** Shaukat Aziz, Prime Minister of Pakistan
** Martin Buchan, Scottish footballer
* March 7
** Rex Hunt, Australian television and radio personality
** Ghulam Nabi Azad, Indian politician
* March 8 – Cho Yang-ho, South Korean businessman (d. 2019)
* March 9
** Kalevi Aho, Finnish composer
** Tapani Kansa, Finnish singer
* March 10
** Barbara Corcoran, American businesswoman, investor, and television personality
** Nobu Matsuhisa, Japanese chef
* March 11 – Georg Schramm, German psychologist, Kabarett artist
* March 12
** Rob Cohen, American film director, producer and writer
** Natalia Kuchinskaya, Soviet gymnast
** Mike Gibbins, Welsh drummer (d. 2005)
* March 13 – Julia Migenes, American soprano
* March 16
** Erik Estrada, American actor, police officer (''CHiPs'')
** Victor Garber, Canadian actor (''Godspell'', ''Alias (TV series), Alias'')
** Elliott Murphy, American singer, songwriter
*
March 17
Events Pre-1600
* 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.
* 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ei ...
** Patrick Duffy, American actor (''Dallas (1978 TV series), Dallas'')
** Pat Rice, Irish footballer, football manager
* March 18 – Alex Higgins, Northern Irish snooker player (d. 2010)
* March 19
**Hirofumi Hirano, Japanese politician, Chief Cabinet Secretary
** Valery Leontiev, Soviet and Russian actor and singer
*
March 20
Events Pre-1600
* 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka.
* 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 1600 – The Link ...
– Marcia Ball, American blues musician
*
March 21
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...
** Eddie Money, American rock guitarist, singer (''Two Tickets to Paradise'') (d. 2019)
** Slavoj Žižek, Slovenian philosopher
* March 22 – Fanny Ardant, French actress
*
March 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6.
*1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate o ...
– Nick Lowe, English pop singer
*
March 25 – Sue Klebold, American activist
*
March 26
Events Pre-1600
* 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
*1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, ...
** Jon English, English-born Australian singer, songwriter and actor (d. 2016)
** Rudi Koertzen, South African cricket umpire (d.
2022
File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretariat; The global monkeypo ...
)
** Vicki Lawrence, American comedian, game show hostess (''The Carol Burnett Show'')
** Margareta of Romania, Romanian princess and diplomat
** Giuseppe Sabadini, Italian footballer
** Patrick Süskind, German writer
*
March 28
Events Pre-1600
* AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate.
* 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
** Ronnie Ray Smith, American Olympic athlete (d. 2013)
** Michael W. Young, American geneticist, chronobiologist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* March 29 – Michael Brecker, American jazz musician (d. 2007)
*
March 30
Events Pre-1600
* 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague.
*1282 &ndash ...
– Lene Lovich, American singer
April
![António Guterres 2021](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres_2021.jpg)
* April 1
** Paul Manafort, American lobbyist, political consultant, and convicted felon
** Gérard Mestrallet, French businessman
** Sammy Nelson, Northern Irish footballer
** Gil Scott-Heron, African-American musician, composer and activist (d. 2011)
* April 2 – Pamela Reed, American actress
* April 3 – Richard Thompson (musician), Richard Thompson, English musician, songwriter
*
April 4 – Parveen Babi, Bollywood actress (d. 2005)
*April 5 – Judith Resnik, American Astronaut (''Challenger Disaster'') (d. 1986)
* April 6 – Horst Ludwig Störmer, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
** Mitch Daniels, American academic administrator, businessman, author, and politician
** Zygmunt Zimowski, Polish bishop (d. 2016)
*
April 8
** Alex Fergusson (politician), Alex Fergusson, Scottish politician (d. 2018)
** Brenda Russell, American-Canadian singer, songwriter and keyboardist
** Fanie de Jager, South African operatic tenor
* April 9 - William O'Neal (informant), William O’Neal, American FBI informant (d. 1990)
*April 10 – Daniel Mangeas, French bicycle commentator
* April 11 – Bernd Eichinger, German film producer, director (d. 2011)
* April 13 – Christopher Hitchens, English-American writer (d. 2011)
*
April 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
– John Shea, American actor
*
April 15
Events Pre-1600
* 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.
* 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...
** Alla Pugacheva, Russian musical performer
** Aleksandra Ziółkowska-Boehm, Polish-born writer
* April 16 – Sandy Hawley, Canadian jockey
*
April 18
Events Pre-1600
* 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Coria (Corbridge), Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald of Northumbria, Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 d ...
** Antônio Fagundes, Brazilian actor
** Geoff Bodine, American race car driver
** Bengt Holmström, Finnish-born economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate
* April 19 – Sergey Nikolayevich Volkov, Russian figure skater (d. 1990)
*
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
*1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
*1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
** Massimo D'Alema, 53rd Prime Minister of Italy
** Veronica Cartwright, English-born American actress
** Jessica Lange, American actress
* April 21 – Patti LuPone, American actress
* April 22 – Spencer Haywood, American basketball player
*
April 23
** Joyce DeWitt, American actress
** György Gedó, Hungarian Olympic boxer
** John Miles (musician), John Miles, English rock music vocalist, guitarist and keyboardist (d. 2021)
* April 24 – Véronique Sanson, French singer, songwriter
*
April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
*1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 1 ...
– Jerry Blackwell, American professional wrestler (d. 1995)
*
April 28
Events Pre-1600
* 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
– Bruno Kirby, American actor (d. 2006)
* April 30 – António Guterres, Prime Minister of Portugal, 9th United Nations Secretary-General, Secretary-General of the United Nations
May
![Jesse Lee Peterson at BOND, 2015 (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Jesse_Lee_Peterson_at_BOND%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg)
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
*1169 – N ...
– Gavin Christopher, American singer (d. 2016)
* May 2 – Alan Titchmarsh, English gardener
* May 3 – Leopoldo Luque, Argentine soccer player (d. 2021)
*
May 4
Events Pre-1600
* 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''.
* 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus ar ...
– John Force, American race car driver
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
*1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
*1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
** Billy Joel, American singer, songwriter and pianist
** Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, military President of Niger (d. 1999)
* May 10 – Mahfuzur Rahman Khan, Bangladeshi cinematographer (d. 2019)
* May 13 – Zoë Wanamaker, American-British actress
* May 14 – Sverre Årnes, Norwegian writer
*
May 16 – Rick Reuschel, American professional baseball player
* May 18
** Joseph R. Cistone, American Catholic prelate (d. 2018)
** Rick Wakeman, English rock musician, songwriter
** Bill Wallace (musician), Bill Wallace, Canadian rock musician (The Guess Who)
* May 19
** Dusty Hill, American bassist (ZZ Top) (d. 2021)
** Archie Manning, former American football player, father of Peyton Manning, Peyton and Eli Manning
** Ashraf Ghani, President of Afghanistan
*
May 20
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church.
* 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...
– Dave Thomas (actor), Dave Thomas, Canadian actor, comedian (''Second City Television'')
* May 21 – Andrew Neil, Scottish journalist and broadcaster
*
May 22
Events Pre-1600
* 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu.
* 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt.
* 1 ...
** Chris Butler (musician), Chris Butler, American musician, songwriter (The Waitresses)
** Jesse Lee Peterson, American radio show host and religious minister
*
May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
*1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
* 1533 – The marriage of King Henry VI ...
– Alan García, President of Peru (d. 2019)
* May 24
** Jim Broadbent, English actor
** Tomaž Pisanski, Slovenian mathematician
* May 25 – Jamaica Kincaid, Antiguan-born novelist
* May 26
** Ward Cunningham, American computer programmer
** Jeremy Corbyn, British politician
** Pam Grier, African-American actress
** Arlene Klasky, American animator
** Philip Michael Thomas, African-American actor (''Miami Vice'')
** Hank Williams, Jr., American country singer
* May 27
** Jo Ann Harris, American actress
** Alma Guillermoprieto, Mexican journalist
* May 28
** Shelley Hamlin, American professional golfer (d. 2018)
** Martin Kelner, British journalist, author, comedian, singer, actor and radio presenter
** Susan Fitzgerald, Irish actress (d. 2013)
* May 29
** Francis Rossi, English rock guitarist, singer (Status Quo (band), Status Quo)
** Robert Axelrod (actor), Robert Axelrod, American voice actor (''Mighty Morphin Power Rangers'') (d. 2019)
* May 30 – Bob Willis, English cricketer (d. 2019)
*
May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...
– Tom Berenger, American actor (''Platoon (film), Platoon'')
June
![SRM headshot](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/SRM_headshot.jpg)
* June 1
** Déwé Gorodey, New Caledonian writer and politician (d.
2022
File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretariat; The global monkeypo ...
)
** Mu Tiezhu, Chinese basketball player, coach (d. 2008)
* June 2
** Alan Brinkley, American historian (d. 2019)
** Heather Couper, British astronomer (d. 2020)
* June 4 – Mark B. Cohen, Pennsylvania legislative leader
*
June 7
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire).
* 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state.
* 1002 – Henr ...
– Wendy Sherman, American diplomat and politician
*
June 8
Events Pre-1600
* 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus.
* 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern province ...
– Emanuel Ax, Polish-born American pianist
* June 10
** Kevin Corcoran, American child actor, television director, film producer (d. 2015)
** Bora Dugić, Serbian musician, flautist
** Daniele Formica, Irish-Italian actor, director and playwright (d. 2011)
**Frankie Faison, American actor
* June 11 – Frank Beard (musician), Frank Beard, American drummer (ZZ Top)
* June 13
** Ann Druyan, American popular science writer, wife of Carl Sagan
** Red Symons, English-Australian musician, television, and radio personality
*
June 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
* 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon ...
** Carlos María Abascal Carranza, Carlos María Abascal, Mexican lawyer (d. 2008)
** Antony Sher, South African-born British actor (d. 2021)
** Harry Turtledove, American historian, novelist
** Papa Wemba, Congolese soukous musician (d. 2016)
* June 15
** Russell Hitchcock, English singer, musician (''Air Supply'')
** Jim Varney, American actor and comedian (''Ernest Goes to Camp'') (d. 2000)
* June 16 – Robbin Thompson, American singer, songwriter (d. 2015)
* June 18
** Jarosław Kaczyński, Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland, Prime Minister of Poland
** Lech Kaczyński, President of Poland (d. 2010)
** Lincoln Thompson, Jamaican musician (d. 1999)
*
June 19
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea.
*1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chan ...
**Ebi, Iranian singer
**Hassan Shehata, Egyptian footballer and coach
* June 20
** Gotabaya Rajapaksa, List of presidents of Sri Lanka, 8th President of Sri Lanka
** Lionel Richie, African-American urban musician (''Commodores'')
* June 21
** John Agard, Guyanese poet, playwright and children's writer
** Clifford Brooks, American Football defensive back
** Derek Emslie, Lord Kingarth, Scottish judge
** Shane Molloy, Australian rules footballer
** Stuart Pearson, English football player
** Jane Urquhart, Canadian author
* June 22
** Aytaç Arman, Turkish actor (d. 2019)
** Larry Junstrom, American rock bassist (d. 2019)
** Alan Osmond, American pop singer
** Meryl Streep, American actress
** Lindsay Wagner, American actress
** Elizabeth Warren, American academic and politician, United States Senate, U.S. Senator (Democratic Party (United States), D-Massachusetts, Mass.) since 2013
* June 23
** Dave Goltz, American professional baseball player
** Gail Harris (naval officer), Gail Harris, United States Navy officer
** Charles Ho, Hong Kong pro-Beijing[3] businessman
** Jon McLachlan, New Zealand rugby union player
*
June 24
Events Pre-1600
*1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa.
* 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome. ...
** Billy Moeller, Australian professional feather/super feather/light/light welter/welterweight boxer
** Agenor Muniz (Australian footballer), Agenor Muniz, Brazilian-born footballer
** Hector Thompson, Australian professional light/light welter/welter/light middleweight boxer (d. 2020)
* June 25
** Dan Barker, American atheist activist
** Phyllis George, American businesswoman, actress and sportscaster (d. 2020)
** Kene Holliday, American actor
** Lalith Kaluperuma, Sri Lankan test cricketer and ODI cricketer
** Brenda Sykes, American actress
** Patrick Tambay, French racing driver (d.
2022
File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretariat; The global monkeypo ...
)
** John Taylor (English footballer, born 1949), John Taylor, English professional footballer
** Yoon Joo-sang, South Korean actor
* June 26
** Adrian Gurvitz, English singer-songwriter and musician
** Graco Ramírez, governor of Morelos, Mexico 2012-2018
** Avtar Singh Kang, Punjabi singer and folk contributor
** Arturo Vázquez Ayala, Mexican footballer
* June 27
** Brent Berk, American competition swimmer, Olympic athlete
** Stephen Rucker, American composer
** Vera Wang, American fashion designer
* June 28
** Don Baylor, American Major League Baseball (MLB) player, coach and manager (d. 2017)
** Clarence Davis, American football running back
** Kevin McLeod (Australian footballer), Kevin McLeod, Australian rules footballer
** Tom Owens, American professional basketball player
*
June 29
Events Pre-1600
* 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.
*1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi.
* 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, ...
** Dan Dierdorf, American football offensive lineman, later sportscaster
** Joe Moore (running back), Joe Moore, American football running back
** Henri Proglio, French businessman
** A. Anwhar Raajhaa, Indian politician
** Lisette Sevens, Dutch field hockey defender
* June 30
** Silvio Aquino, Salvadoran football player
** Uwe Kliemann, German football player and coach
** Norm Mitchell, Australian rules footballer
** Andy Scott (guitarist), Andy Scott, Welsh singer, songwriter and guitarist
** Philippe Toussaint, Belgium's most successful golfers
** Bogdan Turudija, Serbian football player
July
![Thaksin DOD 20050915](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Thaksin_DOD_20050915.jpg)
*
July 1
** Rosa Elena Galván Valles, Mexican politician
** Yoshihide Fukao, Japanese volleyball player
** Seninho, Portuguese-Angolan footballer (d. 2020)
** Néjia Ben Mabrouk, Tunisian screenwriter, director
** John Farnham, Australian singer, recording artist and entertainer
* July 2
** David Eaton (composer), David Eaton, American composer, conductor and producer
** Abderrahmane Benkhalfa, Algerian financial expert (d. 2021)
** José Manuel Díaz Medina, Mexican politician
** Ben Verbong, Dutch film director, screenwriter
* July 3
** Mircea Chelaru, Romanian general and politician
** Jan Smithers, American actress
** Alfred Vierling, Dutch politician
** Johnnie Wilder, Jr., American vocalist (d. 2006)
* July 4 – Horst Seehofer, German conservative politician
* July 5
** Ed O'Ross, American actor
** Susan P. Graber, American attorney, jurist
** Jill Murphy, British author and illustrator (d. 2021)
* July 6
** Noli de Castro, Filipino broadcast journalist, radio commentator and Vice President of the Philippines
** Phyllis Hyman, American singer, actress (d. 1995)
** Grant McAuley, New Zealand rower
* July 7
** Shelley Duvall, American actress
** John Lippiett, British senior Royal Navy officer
** Monte Cater, American football coach
* July 8
** Jan Elvheim, Norwegian politician
** Jaroslav Jurka, Czech fencer
** Wolfgang Puck, Austrian-American celebrity chef, restaurateur, and occasional actor
** Carmel Cryan, English actress
** Dale Hoganson, Canadian ice hockey player
* July 9
** Raoul Cédras, former president of Haiti
** Jesse Duplantis, American televangelist
** Nigel Lythgoe, English television producer, personality
** Ali Akbar Abdolrashidi, Iranian intellectual, journalist, writer, traveler, translator, and university lecturer
*
July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, ...
** Liona Boyd, English classical guitarist
** Émerson Leão, Brazilian footballer
** Ingrid Newkirk, English-born American-based animal rights activist
** Phil Braidwood, Manx politician
* July 13 – Helena Fibingerová, Czech athlete
*
July 15
Events Pre-1600
*484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome
* 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. ( 17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar).
* 756 – ...
** Carl Bildt, 28th Prime Minister of Sweden, Minister for Foreign Affairs
** Trevor Horn, English pop singer, producer
** Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, 3rd List of prime ministers of the United Arab Emirates, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates
* July 17
** Geezer Butler, English heavy metal bassist (''Black Sabbath'')
** William C. Faure, South African film director (d. 1994)
** Andrei Fursenko, Russian politician, scientist and businessman
** Charley Steiner, American sportscaster
*
July 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
* 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is ...
** Kgalema Motlanthe, South African politician, President of South Africa
** Daniel Vaillant, French Socialist politician
*
July 20
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
* 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defea ...
– Naseeruddin Shah, Indian actor and environmentalist
* July 21 – Tengku Azlan, Malaysian politician
* July 22
** Alan Menken, American composer
** Lasse Virén, Finnish long-distance runner
*
July 24
Events Pre-1600
*1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
* 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
*1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirl ...
** Michael Richards, American actor, comedian (''Seinfeld'')
** Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Spanish archbishop
* July 25 – Francis Smerecki, French football player, manager (d. 2018)
* July 26
** Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand and businessman
** Roger Taylor (Queen drummer), Roger Taylor, English rock musician (''Queen (band), Queen'')
* July 29 – Jamil Mahuad, President of Ecuador
*
July 31
** Mike Jackson (basketball), Mike Jackson, American basketball player
** Susan Bennett, American voice-over artist
August
![Richard Gere, December 2017](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Richard_Gere%2C_December_2017.jpg)
* August 1 – Mugur Isărescu, 58th prime minister of Romania
* August 4 – John Riggins, American football player
* August 6 – Alan Campbell (pastor), Alan Campbell, Northern Irish cleric (d. 2017)
* August 7 – Walid Jumblatt, leader of the Lebanese Druze
*
August 8
Events Pre-1600
* 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as the ...
** Terry Burnham, American actress
** Keith Carradine, American actor
* August 9
** Slavko Ćuruvija, Serbian journalist, newspaper publisher (d. 1999)
** Ted Simmons, American baseball player
* August 11
** Ian Charleson, British actor (d. 1990)
** Sandra Lee Scheuer, Kent State University shooting victim (d. 1970)
*
August 12
Events Pre-1600
*1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade.
* 1121 – B ...
** Fernando Collor de Mello, 32nd President of Brazil
** Mark Essex, American mass murderer (d. 1973)
** Mark Knopfler, British rock guitarist (''Dire Straits'')
* August 13
** Philippe Petit, French high-wire artist
** Pete Visclosky, American Politician
*
August 14 – Morten Olsen, Danish football player, manager
* August 15
** Beverly Burns, American pilot, first woman in the world to captain the Boeing 747
** Phyllis Smith, American actress
* August 16 – Barbara Goodson, American voice actress
* August 17 – Sue Draheim, American fiddler (d. 2013)
* August 20 – Phil Lynott, Irish rock musician (d. 1986)
*
August 21
** Loretta Devine, African-American actress
** Daniel Sivan, Israeli professor
* August 22 – Diana Nyad, American author
* August 23
** William Lane Craig, Christian philosopher
** Shelley Long, American actress (''Cheers'')
** Rick Springfield, Australian rock singer, actor
** Leslie Van Houten, American criminal, Manson Family member
*
August 24
Events Pre-1600
* 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father.
* 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written. ...
** Anna Lee Fisher, American astronaut, chemist and physician
** Charles Rocket, American actor (''Saturday Night Live'') (d. 2005)
* August 25
** Willy Rey, Dutch-Canadian model (d. 1973)
** Martin Amis, English novelist
** Gene Simmons, Israeli-American rock musician (''Kiss (band), Kiss'')
* August 26 – Leon Redbone, Canadian-American singer, songwriter, actor, voice actor, and guitarist (d. 2019)
* August 28
** Martin Lamble, British folk rock musician (d. 1969)
** Svetislav Pešić, Serbian basketball player, coach
*
August 29
Events Pre-1600
* 708 – Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708).
* 870 – The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzantine M ...
– Stan Hansen, American professional wrestler
* August 30 – Peter Maffay, German singer
*
August 31
Events Pre-1600
* 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty.
* 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year ...
** Richard Gere, American actor (''American Gigolo'')
** H. David Politzer, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate
September
![Bruce Springsteen - Roskilde Festival 2012](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Bruce_Springsteen_-_Roskilde_Festival_2012.jpg)
* September 1
** Fidel Castro Díaz-Balart, Cuban nuclear physicist, government official (d. 2018)
** Leslie Feinberg, American transgender activist (d. 2014)
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cr ...
- Lee McGeorge Durrell, American author, television presenter, and zookeeper
*
September 9
Events Pre-1600
* 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti.
*1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age.
* 1141 – ...
** John Curry, British figure skater (d. 1994)
** Alain Mosconi, French swimmer, Olympic medalist and previous world record holder
** Daniel Pipes, American historian, writer, and commentator
** Joe Theismann, American football player
** Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, 6th president of Indonesia
* September 10 – Bill O'Reilly (political commentator), Bill O'Reilly, American conservative radio and television commentator
*
September 13
Events Pre-1600
* 585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia.
* 509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hi ...
– John W. Henry, American foreign exchange advisor, Boston Red Sox owner
* September 14
** Ed King, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd)(d. 2018)
** Steve Gaines, American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1977)
** Eikichi Yazawa, Japanese singer
* September 15 – Joe Barton, American politician
* September 16
** Ed Begley Jr., American actor, environmentalist (''St. Elsewhere'')
** Chrisye, Indonesian singer (d. 2007)
*
September 17 – Didith Reyes, Filipina singer (d. 2008)
* September 18
** Mo Mowlam, British politician (d. 2005)
** Peter Shilton, English goalkeeper
*
September 19
Events Pre-1600
* 85 – Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed.
* 634 – Siege of Damascus: Th ...
** Twiggy, English model
** Ernie Sabella, American actor
** Barry Scheck, American attorney and author
** Richard Rogler, German Kabarett artist, professor of Kabarett at the University of the Arts in Berlin
* September 21 – Artis Gilmore, American basketball player
*
September 23 – Bruce Springsteen, American singer, songwriter (''Born in the USA'')
*
September 25
Events Pre-1600
* 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus.
* 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt ag ...
** Inshan Ali, West Indian cricketer (d. 1995)
** Pedro Almodóvar, Spanish filmmaker, director, screenwriter, producer, and actor
** Ronaldo Caiado, Brazilian politician
*
September 26
Events
Pre-1600
*46 BC – Julius Caesar dedicates a temple to Venus Genetrix, fulfilling a vow he made at the Battle of Pharsalus.
* 715 – Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald at the Battle of Compiègne.
*1087 – William II is crown ...
– Jane Smiley, American novelist
* September 27
** Mike Schmidt, American baseball player
** Jahn Teigen, Norwegian singer (d. 2020)
*
September 29
Events Pre-1600
*61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday.
* 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, ...
– Wenceslao Selga Padilla, Filipino scheut priest (d. 2018)
October
![Caitlyn Jenner (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Caitlyn_Jenner_%28cropped%29.jpeg)
*
October 1
Events Pre-1600
* 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
* 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated.
* 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadw ...
** Isaac Bonewits, American author, occultist (d. 2010)
** Su Chi, Taiwanese politician
*
October 2
Events Pre-1600
* 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.
* 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and ...
** Richard Hell, American musician, writer
** Annie Leibovitz, American photographer
*
October 3
Events Pre-1600
* 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day.
* 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Juliu ...
– Svika Pick, Israeli musician
* October 4
** Armand Assante, American actor (''John Gotti, Gotti'')
** Lindsey Buckingham, American musician
** Luis Sepúlveda, Chilean writer and journalist (d. 2020)
* October 6 – Bobby Farrell, West Indian-born Dutch dancer (''Boney M.'') (d. 2010)
*
October 7
Events Pre-1600
* 3761 BC – The epoch reference date (start) of the modern Hebrew calendar.
* 1403 – Venetian–Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Modon.
* 1477 ...
– Ronnie Mund, American television personality
* October 8
** Chris Dobson, British chemist (d. 2019)
** Jerry Bittle, American cartoonist (d. 2003)
** Sigourney Weaver, American actress (''Alien (film), Alien'')
** Mark Hopkinson, American mass murderer (d. 1992)
* October 9 – Rod Temperton, English songwriter, record producer and musician (d. 2016)
* October 10
** Michel Létourneau, Canadian politician (d. 2019)
** Jessica Harper, American actress, producer
* October 12
** Randy Kryn, Civil Rights Movement historian
**Carlos the Jackal, Venezuelan-born international terrorist
*
October 13
Events Pre-1600
* 54 – Roman emperor Claudius dies from poisoning under mysterious circumstances. He is succeeded by his adoptive son Nero, rather than by Britannicus, his son with Messalina.
* 409 – Vandals and Alans cross the P ...
– Rick Vito, American musician
*
October 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings.
* 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's ...
– Katha Pollitt, American writer
*
October 17
Events Pre-1600
* 690 – Empress Wu Zetian establishes the Zhou Dynasty of China.
*1091 – London tornado of 1091: A tornado thought to be of strength T8/F4 strikes the heart of London.
*1346 – The English capture King Davi ...
** Owen Arthur, 5th Prime Minister of Barbados (d. 2020)
** Bill Hudson (singer), Bill Hudson, American musician and actor
** Dean Shek, Hong Kong actor (d. 2021)
*
October 20
Events Pre-1600
*1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent.
* 1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the re ...
** Valeriy Borzov, Ukrainian athlete
** George Harris (actor), George Harris, British actor
* October 21
** LaTanya Richardson, African-American actress, producer
** Benjamin Netanyahu, 2-time prime minister of Israel
* October 22
** Stiv Bators, American singer (''The Dead Boys'') (d. 1990)
** Arsène Wenger, French football (soccer) manager
* October 26 – Antonio Carpio, Filipino Supreme Court of the Philippines, Supreme Court jurist
*
October 27
Events Pre-1600
* 312 – Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
* 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam.
* 1524 – French troops lay siege to Pavia.
* 1553 – Condemned as ...
** Cheryl Keeton, American murder victim (d. 1986)
** Emanuel Barbara, Maltese bishop (d. 2018)
* October 28 – Caitlyn Jenner, American transgender track and field athlete, reality star
* October 29 – Paul Orndorff, American professional wrestler (d. 2021)
* October 30
** Pramod Mahajan, Indian politician, strategist (d. 2006)
** Terri Dial, American banker (d. 2012)
November
![Paul Shafer 2000](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Paul_Shafer_2000.jpg)
* November 1
** Jeannie Berlin, American film actress
** David Foster, Canadian musician, record producer, composer, singer, songwriter and arranger
** Belita Moreno, American film actress
* November 2
** Marc Elrich, American politician
* November 3
** Mike Evans (actor), Mike Evans, African-American actor (d. 2006)
** Larry Holmes, African-American boxer
** Anna Wintour, British-American fashion journalist, editor in-chief of the magazine Vogue (magazine), Vogue
* November 5
** Armin Shimerman, American actor
** Jimmie Spheeris, American singer, songwriter (d. 1984)
* November 6 – Joseph C. Wilson, United States diplomat (d. 2019)
*
November 7
Events Pre-1600
* 335 – Athanasius is banished to Trier, on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople.
* 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople.
* 921 – Treaty of Bon ...
** Queen Aishwarya of Nepal, Aiswarya, Queen of Nepal (d. 2001)
** Judi Bari, American environmental activist (d. 1997)
** Guillaume Faye, French journalist and writer (d. 2019)
**Judy Tenuta, American comedienne (d.
2022
File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretariat; The global monkeypo ...
)
* November 8 – Bonnie Raitt, American singer, guitarist
* November 11 – Ismail Petra of Kelantan, sultan of Kelantan (d. 2019)
* November 14 – Paola Balducci, Italian politician, lawyer
*
November 15
Events Pre-1600
* 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
* 1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Mo ...
– David Rubinstein (pianist), David Rubinstein, American pianist, composer
*
November 17
Events Pre-1600
* 887 – Emperor Charles the Fat is deposed by the Frankish magnates in an assembly at Frankfurt, leading his nephew, Arnulf of Carinthia, to declare himself king of the East Frankish Kingdom in late November.
* 1183 & ...
– John Boehner, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
* November 18 – Ahmed Zaki (actor), Ahmed Zaki, Egyptian actor (d. 2005)
* November 19 – Ahmad Rashad, American sportscaster, television personality
* November 20 – Jeff Dowd, American film producer and political activist
* November 21 – Ignazio Visco, Italian economist, Governor of the Bank of Italy
* November 22
** Shaun Garnett, English footballer, coach
** David Pietrusza, American author, historian
* November 23
** Pat Condell, English comedian, internet personality
** Marcia Griffiths, Jamaican singer
*
November 24
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Theodosius I makes his '' adventus'', or formal entry, into Constantinople.
*1190 – Conrad of Montferrat becomes King of Jerusalem upon his marriage to Isabella I of Jerusalem.
* 1221 – Genghis Khan d ...
** Nick Ainger, British politician
** Pierre Buyoya, former President of Burundi (d. 2020)
** Linda Tripp, Key figure in the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal (d. 2020)
* November 25
** Mike Joy, NASCAR commentator
** Kerry O'Keeffe, Australian cricketer, commentator
** GT Devegowda, Indian politician
*
November 26
Events Pre-1600
* 783 – The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her king from retaking the throne from Mauregatus.
* 1161 – Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynast ...
** Shlomo Artzi, Israeli singer
** Juanin Clay, American actress (d. 1995)
* November 27 – Marcel Reif, Swiss television sport journalist
*
November 28
Events Pre-1600
* 587 – Treaty of Andelot
The Treaty of Andelot (or Pact of Andelot) was signed at Andelot-Blancheville in 587 between King Guntram of Burgundy and Queen Brunhilda of Austrasia. Based on the terms of the accord, Brun ...
** Alexander Godunov, Russian-born dancer, actor (d. 1995)
** Paul Shaffer, Canadian-American musician
** Siringan Gubat, Malaysian politician (d. 2018)
* November 29
** Jerry Lawler, American professional wrestler and commentator
** Stan Rogers, Canadian musician (d. 1983)
** Garry Shandling, American comedian (d. 2016)
* November 30 – Nicholas Woodeson, English actor
December
![Sissy Spacek by David Shankbone (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Sissy_Spacek_by_David_Shankbone_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* December 1
** Pablo Escobar, Colombian drug lord (d. 1993)
** Sebastián Piñera, Chilean businessman, politician and 36th and 38th President of Chile
** Kurt Schmoke, African-American Dean (education), Dean, Howard University, Howard Law School, Mayor of Baltimore
* December 2 – Ron Raines, American actor
* December 3
** John Akii-Bua, Ugandan hurdler (d. 1997)
** Heather Menzies, Canadian-American actress (''The Sound of Music'', ''Logan's Run'') (d. 2017)
* December 4
** Jeff Bridges, American actor
** Pamela Stephenson, New Zealand-born comedian, actress, and singer
* December 5
** Bruce E. Melnick, American astronaut
** Lanny Wadkins, American professional golfer
* December 6
** Doug Marlette, American editorial cartoonist (d. 2007)
** Peter Willey, English cricketer
*
December 7
Events Pre-1600
*43 BC – Marcus Tullius Cicero is assassinated in Formia on orders of Marcus Antonius.
* 574 – Byzantine Emperor Justin II, suffering recurring seizures of insanity, adopts his general Tiberius and proclaims him ...
** James Rivière, Italian jeweler, designer
** Tom Waits, American singer, composer, and actor
** Cathy Wayne, Australian pop entertainer (d. 1969)
* December 8 – Mary Gordon (writer), Mary Gordon, American writer
* December 9
** Eileen Myles, American poet and writer
** :es:Jairo Varela, Jairo Varela, Colombian composer (d. 2012)
* December 10 – Dick Cohen, American politician, Minnesota Senate
* December 11 – Boris Shcherbakov, Russian-Soviet film actor
* December 12 – Bill Nighy, English actor
* December 13
** Robert Lindsay (actor), Robert Lindsay, English actor
** Randy Owen, American country lead vocalist, rhythm guitar player
** Tom Verlaine, American rock singer, guitarist
* December 14 – Bill Buckner, American baseball player (d. 2019)
* December 15
** Don Johnson, American actor (''Miami Vice'')
** Abdul Karim Al-Kabariti, Prime Minister of Jordan
* December 16 – Billy Gibbons, American guitarist (ZZ Top)
* December 17
** Dušan Mitošević, Serbian football player, manager (d. 2018)
** Paul Rodgers, British rock singer
* December 18 – David A. Johnston, American volcanologist (d. 1980)
**Blaze Foley, American country singer and songwriter (d. 1989)
* December 19
** Carlos Gomes Júnior, Bissau-Guinean politician
** Sebastian (Danish singer), Sebastian, Danish musician
* December 20
** Pauline Robinson Bush, eldest daughter of President of the United States George H. W. Bush and his wife First Lady Barbara Bush (d. 1953)
** Claudia Jennings, American model (d. 1979)
* December 21 – Thomas Sankara, 2-Time President of Burkina Faso (d.
1987
File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, ...
)
* December 22
** Michael Bacon (musician), Michael Bacon, American singer-songwriter
** Maurice Gibb, British rock musician (''Bee Gees'') (d. 2003)
** Robin Gibb, British rock musician (''Bee Gees'') (d. 2012)
* December 23 – Brian J. O'Neill, Brian O'Neill, American political leader
* December 24 – Randy Neugebauer, American politician
* December 25
** Simone Bittencourt de Oliveira, Brazilian singer
** Sissy Spacek, American actress (''Carrie (1976 film), Carrie'')
** Manny Mori, former president of Micronesia
** Joe Louis Walker, American musician
** Nawaz Sharif, Pakistani prime minister
* December 26 – José Ramos-Horta, President of East Timor, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
* December 27 – Klaus Fischer, German footballer
* December 28
** Barbara De Fina, American film producer
** Sam Katz (Philadelphia), Sam Katz, American politician, Philadelphia
* December 29 – Syed Kirmani, Indian cricketer
* December 30 – Jerry Coyne, American biologist
* December 31 – Ellen Datlow, American science fiction writer
Date unknown
* Michael Houghton (virologist), Michael Houghton, British-born virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* Boutros Romhein, Syrian sculptor
* Bakri Hassan Saleh, 12th prime minister of Sudan
Deaths
January
![Yoshijiro Umedu (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Yoshijiro_Umedu_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* January 6
** Victor Fleming, American director (b. 1889)
** Gennaro Righelli, Italian actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1886)
* January 7
** José Ramos Preto, Portuguese jurist, politician and 75th Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1870)
** Suehiko Shiono, Japanese lawyer, politician and cabinet minister (b. 1880)
* January 8 – Yoshijirō Umezu, Japanese general (b. 1882)
* January 9
** Tommy Handley, British radio comedian (b. 1892)
** Martin Grabmann, German Catholic priest, mediaevalist and historian (b. 1875)
*January 10 - Erich von Drygalski, German geographer (b. 1865)
*
January 11
Events Pre-1600
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
* 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muha ...
– Nelson Doubleday, American publisher (b. 1889)
* January 13 – Eduardo Barron, Spanish engineer, pilot (b. 1888)
* January 14
** Juan Bielovucic, Peruvian aviator (b. 1889)
** Harry Stack Sullivan, American psychiatrist (b. 1892)
** Joaquín Turina, Spanish composer (b. 1882)
* January 15 – Charles Ponzi, Italian-born American con man (b. 1882)
* January 19 – William Wright (actor), William Wright, American actor (b. 1911)
* January 21 – Joseph Cawthorn, American actor (b. 1868)
* January 22
** Henry Mond, 2nd Baron Melchett, British industrialist, politician (b. 1898)
** Henry Slocum (tennis), Henry Slocum, American tennis player (b. 1862)
* January 23 – Erich Klossowski, German-born Polish historian, painter (b. 1875)
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...
– Jean-Pierre Wimille, French race car driver (b. 1908)
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
*1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
– Henri De Vries, Dutch actor (b. 1864)
February
![Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Niceto_Alcal%C3%A1-Zamora_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* February 1 – Herbert Stothart, American composer (b. 1885)
* February 2
** Pedro Paulo Bruno, Brazilian painter, singer, poet and landscaper (b. 1888)
** Theodoros Natsinas, Greek teacher (b. 1872)
* February 3 – Carlos Obligado, Argentine poet, critic and writer (b. 1889)
* February 6
** Hiroaki Abe, Japanese admiral (b. 1889)
**Ulrich Greifelt, German SS general of police (b. 1896)
*
February 10
Events Pre-1600
* 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end.
* 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, spar ...
** Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry, British politician (b. 1878)
** Francesco Ticciati, Italian composer, pianist, teacher and lecturer (b. 1893)
*
February 11 – Giovanni Zenatello, Italian opera singer (b. 1876)
* February 12 – Hassan al-Banna, Egyptian founder of the Muslim Brotherhood (b. 1906) (assassinated)
* February 14 – Fernand Desprès, French shoemaker, anarchist, journalist and activist (b. 1879)
* February 15
** Charles L. Bartholomew, American cartoonist (b. 1869)
** Patricia Ryan (actress), Patricia Ryan, British-born American actress (b. 1921)
* February 16 – Umberto Brunelleschi, Italian artist (b. 1879)
* February 18 – Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, Spanish lawyer, politician and 6th President of Spain (b. 1877)
*
February 19 – Fidelio Ponce de León, Cuban painter (b. 1895)
* February 21 – Tan Malaka, Indonesian teacher, philosopher, founder of Struggle Union and Murba Party, guerilla and fighter (b. 1897)
*
February 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Ferd ...
– Félix d'Herelle, French-Canadian microbiologist (b. 1873)
* February 25 – Juan Sinforiano Bogarín, Paraguayan clergyman, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1863)
March
![Prince August Wilhelm of Prussia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Prince_August_Wilhelm_of_Prussia.jpg)
*
March 2
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...
– Sarojini Naidu, Indian independence activist, poet (b. 1879)
* March 3 – Carrie Ashton Johnson, American editor, author (b. 1863)
* March 4 – James Rowland Angell, American psychologist and educator (b. 1869)
* March 7 – Bradbury Robinson, American who threw the first forward pass in History of American football, American football history (b. 1884)
* March 9 – Prince Philip of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (b. 1885)
* March 10 – Alphonse Hustache, French entomologist (b. 1872)
* March 11
** Anastasios Charalambis, Greek general, interim Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1862)
** Henri Giraud, French general (b. 1879)
** Joan Lamote de Grignon, Spanish pianist, composer (b. 1872)
* March 15 – Gheorghe Brăescu, Romanian writer (b. 1871)
* March 16 – Leyland Hodgson, British-born American actor (b. 1892)
*
March 17
Events Pre-1600
* 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.
* 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ei ...
– Felix Bressart, German-born American actor (b. 1892)
* March 19 – James Somerville, Sir James Somerville, British admiral (b. 1882)
*
March 25
** Prince August Wilhelm of Prussia (b. 1887)
** Jack Kapp, president of the U.S. branch of ''Decca Records'' (b. 1901)
* March 27
** Elisheva Bikhovski, Soviet-born Israeli poet, writer and translator (b. 1888)
*
March 28
Events Pre-1600
* AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate.
* 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
** Alecu Constantinescu, Romanian trade unionist, journalist and militant (b. 1872)
** Grigoraș Dinicu, Romanian composer (b. 1889)
* March 29
** Inabata Katsutaro, Japanese industrialist, pioneer (b. 1862)
** Helen Homans, American tennis player (b. 1877)
*
March 30
Events Pre-1600
* 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague.
*1282 &ndash ...
** Friedrich Bergius, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1884)
** Prince Harald of Denmark (b. 1876)
April
* April 1 – Evelyn Owen, Australian gun designer (b. 1915)
* April 2
** George Graves (actor), George Graves, British comic actor (b. 1876)
** Chandra Mohan (Hindi actor), Chandra Mohan, Indian actor (b. 1906)
** Francesco Pasinetti, Italian director, screenwriter (b. 1911)
* April 5 – Hugh Allan (politician), Hugh Allan, Canadian politician (b. 1865)
* April 6 – Seymour Hicks, Sir Seymour Hicks, British actor (b. 1871)
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
– Mikhail Denisenko, Soviet general (b. 1899)
*
April 8 – Santiago Alba y Bonifaz, Spanish lawyer, politician (b. 1872)
* April 13 – Bernardo Ortiz de Montellano, Mexican poet, literary critic, editor and teacher (b. 1899)
*
April 15
Events Pre-1600
* 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.
* 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...
– Wallace Beery, American actor (b. 1885)
* April 16 – Joseph Augustine Cushman, American geologist, paleontologist and foraminiferologist (b. 1881)
*
April 18
Events Pre-1600
* 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Coria (Corbridge), Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald of Northumbria, Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 d ...
– Will Hay, British comic actor (b. 1888)
* April 19
** Guillermo Buitrago, Colombian composer (b. 1920)
** Ulrich Salchow, Swedish figure skater (b. 1877)
* April 22 – Charles Middleton (actor), Charles Middleton, American actor (b. 1874)
* April 27 – Patrick Lyons (bishop of Kilmore), Patrick Lyons, Irish Roman Catholic prelate, reverend (b. 1875)
*
April 28
Events Pre-1600
* 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
** Ponciano Bernardo, Filipino engineer, politician (b. 1905)
**
Aurora Quezon,
First Lady of the Philippines
The first lady or first gentleman of the Philippines ( fil, Unang Ginang o Unang Ginoó ng Pilipinas) is the courtesy title given to the host or hostess of Malacañang Palace, the residence of the head of state and head of government of the Phil ...
(shot) (b. 1888)
** Robert Robertson (chemist), Sir Robert Robertson, British chemist (b. 1869)
** Hla Thaung, Burmese battalion leader
** Fabian Ware, Sir Fabian Ware, British founder of the Imperial War Graves Commission (b. 1869)
* April 29
** Johann Jakob Hess, Swiss Egyptologist, Assyriologist (b. 1866)
** Kaarle Knuutila, Finnish farmer, politician (b. 1868)
May
![Archbishop Damaskinos of Greece](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Archbishop_Damaskinos_of_Greece.jpg)
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
*1169 – N ...
** Josep Maria Jujol, Andorran architect (b. 1879)
** Gheorghe Petrașcu, Romanian painter (b. 1872)
*
May 4
Events Pre-1600
* 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''.
* 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus ar ...
– Valerio Bacigalupo, Italian goalkeeper (b. 1924)
*
May 5
Events Pre-1600
* 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins.
*1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta.
*1260 – Kub ...
– Hideo Nagata, Japanese poet, playwright (b. 1885)
*
May 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance.
* 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
** Stanisław Grabski, Polish economist, politician (b. 1871)
** Kunihiko Hashimoto, Japanese composer (b. 1904)
** Maurice Maeterlinck, Belgian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature laureate (b. 1862)
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
*1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
*1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
– Louis II, Prince of Monaco (b. 1870)
* May 10 – Emilio de Gogorza, American baritone (b. 1872)
* May 13 – Sawnie R. Aldredge, American attorney, judge (b. 1890)
* May 19 – Paul Schultze-Naumburg, German architect, painter, publicist and politician (b. 1869)
*
May 20
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church.
* 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...
– Damaskinos of Athens, Archbishop of Athens, 57th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1891)
* May 21 – Klaus Mann, German writer (b. 1906)
*
May 22
Events Pre-1600
* 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu.
* 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt.
* 1 ...
** Sir Douglas Alexander, 1st Baronet, British-born Canadian industrialist (b. 1864)
**
James Forrestal
James Vincent Forrestal (February 15, 1892 – May 22, 1949) was the last Cabinet-level United States Secretary of the Navy and the first United States Secretary of Defense.
Forrestal came from a very strict middle-class Irish Catholic fami ...
, U.S. Secretary of Navy and Defense (b. 1892)
** Hans Pfitzner, German composer (b. 1869)
*
May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
*1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
* 1533 – The marriage of King Henry VI ...
– Jan Frans De Boever, Belgian painter (b. 1872)
* May 27 – Robert Ripley, American creator of ''Ripley's Believe It or Not!'' (b. 1890)
* May 30 – Igor Belkovich, Soviet astronomer (b. 1904)
* Date unknown – Abd Allah Siraj, Prime Minister of Jordan (b. c. 1876)
June
![Themistoklis Sofoulis](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Themistoklis_Sofoulis.jpg)
* June 3 – Carlo Angela, Italian doctor (b. 1875)
*
June 8
Events Pre-1600
* 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus.
* 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern province ...
** Naguib el-Rihani, Egyptian actor (b. 1889)
** Virgilia, Mother Abbess, German Roman Catholic nun and saint (b. 1869)
* June 9 – Maria Cebotari, Romanian soprano, actress (b. 1910)
* June 10
** Filippo Silvestri, Italian entomologist (b. 1873)
** Sigrid Undset, Norwegian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1882)
** Carl Vaugoin, Austrian politician, 8th Chancellor of Austria (b. 1873)
* June 11 – Giovanni Gioviale, Italian composer (b. 1885)
* June 12 – Maria Candida of the Eucharist, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1884)
*
June 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
* 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon ...
– Russell Doubleday, American author, publisher (b. 1872)
* June 22 – Robert Boudrioz, French screenwriter, director (b. 1887)
*
June 24
Events Pre-1600
*1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa.
* 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome. ...
– Themistoklis Sofoulis, Greek politician, 3-time Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1860)
* June 25 – Buck Freeman, American baseball player (b. 1871)
July
![Nils Östensson OB](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Nils_%C3%96stensson_OB.FS0313.jpg)
* July 2 – Georgi Dimitrov, Bulgarian Communist leader, politician and 32nd Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1882)
* July 9 – Fritz Hart, British composer (b. 1874)
*
July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, ...
– Corneliu Dragalina, Romanian general (b. 1887)
* July 12 – Douglas Hyde, Irish academic, linguist and scholar, 1st President of Ireland (b. 1860)
*
July 15
Events Pre-1600
*484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome
* 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. ( 17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar).
* 756 – ...
** Anastasios Dalipis, Greek army officer, politician (b. 1896)
** Eva Hubback, British feminist (b. 1886)
* July 18
** Ted Alley, Australian footballer (b. 1881)
** Francisco Javier Arana, Guatemala army officer (b. 1905)
** Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer (b. 1870)
* July 21 – Cesare Formichi, Italian baritone (b. 1883)
* July 23 – Masaharu Anesaki, Japanese scholar (b. 1873)
*
July 24
Events Pre-1600
*1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
* 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
*1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirl ...
** Nils Östensson, Swedish Olympic cross-country skier (b. 1918)
** Ada Baker, Australian soprano, singing teacher and vaudeville star (b. 1866)
* July 26 – Linda Arvidson, American actress (b. 1884)
*
July 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, somewhere north of the Firth of Forth.
* 1189 – Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Ste ...
** Ellery Harding Clark, American Olympic athlete (b. 1874)
** Maxey Dell Moody, American businessman and founder of M. D. Moody & Sons, Inc. (b. 1883)
* July 29 – József Koszta, Hungarian painter (b. 1861)
*
July 30
Events Pre-1600
* 762 – Baghdad is founded.
*1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council.
* 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islan ...
** Stoyan Danev, 13th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1858)
** Albin Andersson, Swedish farmer, manager and politician (b. 1873)
** Vicenta Chávez Orozco, Mexican Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1867)
*
July 31 – Alfred Bashford, English cricketer (b. 1881)
August
![Margaret Mitchell NYWTS](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Margaret_Mitchell_NYWTS.jpg)
*
August 3
Events Pre-1600
* 8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatae on the river Bosna.
* 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emper ...
– Ignotus, Hungarian editor, writer (b. 1869)
* August 4 – Liberato Pinto, 78th prime minister of Portugal (b. 1880)
*
August 5
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty.
* 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...
– Ernest Fourneau, French chemist, pharmacologist (b. 1872)
* August 9
** Gustavus M. Blech, German-born American physician, surgeon (b. 1870)
** Harry Davenport (actor), Harry Davenport, American actor (b. 1866)
** G. E. M. Skues, British inventor of nymph fly fishing (b. 1858)
** Edward Thorndike, American psychologist (b. 1874)
*
August 10
Events Pre-1600
* 654 – Pope Eugene I elected to succeed Martinus I.
* 955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (german: Otto der Gro ...
– Homer Burton Adkins, American chemist (b. 1892)
*
August 12
Events Pre-1600
*1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade.
* 1121 – B ...
** George Cross (actor), George Cross, Australian actor, director (b. c.1873)
** Al Shean, German-born actor (b. 1868)
*
August 14
** Muhsin al-Barazi, Syrian academic, lawyer, politician and 24th Prime Minister of Syria (b. 1904)
** Husni al-Za'im, Syrian military man, politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Syria and 9th President of Syria (b. 1897)
* August 16
** Ramon Briones Luco, Chilean lawyer, politician (b. 1872)
** Margaret Mitchell, American writer (''Gone with the Wind (novel), Gone With the Wind'') (b. 1900)
* August 17 – Gregorio Perfecto, Filipino jurist, politician (b. 1891)
* August 18 – Paul Mares, American musician (b. 1900)
* August 20 – Ludwig Halberstädter, German-born Israeli radiologist (b. 1876)
* August 22 – Amado Aguirre Santiago, Mexican general, politician (b. 1863)
* August 23
** Domingo Díaz Arosemena, Panamian politician, 12th President of Panama (b. 1875)
**Herbert Greenfield, Canadian politician, 4th Premier of Alberta (b. 1869)
* August 27
** Abdulkerim Abbas, Chinese politician (b. 1921)
** Uemura Shōen, Japanese artist (b. 1875)
*
August 29
Events Pre-1600
* 708 – Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708).
* 870 – The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzantine M ...
– Franciszek Latinik, Polish general (b. 1864)
* August 30
** Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (b. 1877)
** Hans Kindler, American cellist, conductor (b. 1892)
** Sevasti Qiriazi, Albanian educator, women's rights activist (b. 1871)
September
![Chrysanthos](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Chrysanthos.jpg)
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cr ...
– José Clemente Orozco, Mexican painter (b. 1883)
* September 8 – Richard Strauss, German composer (''Also Sprach Zarathustra'') (b. 1864)
* September 10 – Wiley Blount Rutledge, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1894)
* September 12
** Harry Burleigh, American composer (b. 1866)
** Erik Adolf von Willebrand, Finnish physician (b. 1870)
*
September 13
Events Pre-1600
* 585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia.
* 509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hi ...
** José Ignacio Cárdenas, Venezuelan diplomat, physician (b. 1874)
** August Krogh, Danish zoophysiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1874)
* September 14
** Gottfried Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen, German Resistance figure (b. 1901)
** Pandeli Evangjeli, Albanian politician, 7th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1859)
* September 15 – Heinie Beckendorf, American baseball catcher (b. 1884)
* September 16 – Hallie Quinn Brown, African-American educator, writer and activist (b. 1849)
* September 18 – Frank Morgan, American actor (b. 1890)
*
September 19
Events Pre-1600
* 85 – Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed.
* 634 – Siege of Damascus: Th ...
** Will Cuppy, American humorist (b. 1884)
** George Shiels, Irish writer (b. 1886)
** Nikos Skalkottas, Greek composer (b. 1901)
* September 20 – Richard Dix, American actor (b. 1893)
* September 22 – Sam Wood, American director (b. 1883)
*
September 24
Events Pre-1600
*787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia.
*1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...
– Pierre de Bréville, French composer (b. 1861)
*
September 25
Events Pre-1600
* 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus.
* 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt ag ...
– Peter Nielsen (actor), Peter Nielsen, Danish actor (b. 1876)
* September 27 – David Adler (architect), David Adler, American architect (b. 1882)
* September 28
** Archbishop Chrysanthus of Athens (b. 1881)
** Émile Eddé, 4th prime minister, 3rd president of Lebanon (b. 1886)
October
![Cura Lorenzo ca 1910](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Cura_Lorenzo_ca_1910.jpg)
*
October 1
Events Pre-1600
* 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
* 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated.
* 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadw ...
** Nykyta Budka, Soviet Roman Catholic bishop, martyr and blessed (b. 1877)
** Buddy Clark, American pop singer (b. 1912)
*
October 2
Events Pre-1600
* 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.
* 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and ...
– Luis Armiñán Pérez, Spanish politician (b. 1871)
* October 4 – Federico Beltrán Masses, Spanish painter (b. 1885)
* October 5 – Yoshio Kodaira, Japanese rapist, serial killer (executed) (b. 1905)
* October 6
** Metropolitan Timotheos of Australia, Greek Orthodox priest, bishop (b. 1880)
** Robert Wilson Lynd, Irish journalist and writer (b. 1879)
*
October 7
Events Pre-1600
* 3761 BC – The epoch reference date (start) of the modern Hebrew calendar.
* 1403 – Venetian–Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Modon.
* 1477 ...
– Matiu Ratana, New Zealand politician (b. 1912)
* October 8 – Gheorghe Mironescu, Romanian politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1874)
* October 9 – Emanuele Foà, Italian engineer, physicist (b. 1892)
*
October 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings.
* 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's ...
** Fritz Leiber (Sr.), Fritz Leiber, American actor (b. 1882)
** Roman Lysko, Soviet Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1914)
* October 15
** Elmer Clifton, American actor, director (b. 1890)
**
László Rajk
László Rajk (8 March 1909 – 15 October 1949) was a Hungarian Communist politician, who served as Minister of Interior and Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was an important organizer of the Hungarian Communists' power (for example, organizi ...
, Hungarian Communist politician, former Foreign Minister (executed) (b. 1909)
** Jacques Copeau, French actor, producer, director and dramatist (b. 1879)
*
October 17
Events Pre-1600
* 690 – Empress Wu Zetian establishes the Zhou Dynasty of China.
*1091 – London tornado of 1091: A tornado thought to be of strength T8/F4 strikes the heart of London.
*1346 – The English capture King Davi ...
– Aurel Aldea, Romanian general and politician (b. 1887)
* October 21 – Laura of Saint Catherine of Siena, Colombian Roman Catholic religious professed and saint (b. 1874)
* October 22 – Craig Reynolds (actor), Craig Reynolds, American actor (b. 1907)
* October 23
** Almanzo Wilder, American writer, husband of Laura Ingalls Wilder (b. 1857)
** John Robert Clynes, British trade unionist, Labour politician (b. 1869)
*
October 27
Events Pre-1600
* 312 – Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
* 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam.
* 1524 – French troops lay siege to Pavia.
* 1553 – Condemned as ...
** František Halas, Czechoslovakian essayist, poet and translator (b. 1901)
**
Ginette Neveu
Ginette Neveu (11 August 191928 October 1949) was a French classical violinist. She was killed in a plane crash at the age of 30.
Early life
Neveu was born on 11 August 1919 in Paris into a musical family. Her brother Jean-Paul became a class ...
, French violinist (b. 1919)
* October 28
**
Marcel Cerdan
Marcellin "Marcel" Cerdan (; 22 July 1916 – 28 October 1949) was a French professional boxer and world middleweight champion who was considered by many boxing experts and fans to be France's greatest boxer, and beyond to be one of the best to ...
, French professional boxer (killed in plane crash) (b. 1916)
** Patriarch Guregh Israelian of Jerusalem (b. 1894)
* October 29
**George Gurdjieff, Soviet spiritual teacher (b. 1866)
** Chikuhei Nakajima, Japanese naval officer, engineer, and politician, founder of the Nakajima Aircraft Company (b. 1884)
* October 31
** Jindřich Bišický, Czechoslovakian author (b. 1889)
** Lorenzo Massa, Argentine Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1882)
** Edward Stettinius, Jr., U.S. Secretary of State (b. 1900)
November
![Hazhir](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Hazhir.jpg)
* November – María Josepha Sophia de Iturbide, head of the Imperial House of Mexico (b. 1872)
* November 3
** William Desmond (actor), William Desmond, Irish actor (b. 1878)
** Solomon R. Guggenheim, American philanthropist (b. 1861)
* November 4 – Walther von Bonstetten, Swiss Boy Scout Association member (b. 1867)
* November 5 – Abdolhossein Hazhir, 54th Prime Minister of Iran (b. 1899)
* November 8 – August Hagenbach, Swiss physicist (b. 1871)
* November 11
** Mun Bhuridatta, Thai Buddhist monk (b. 1870)
** Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (b. 1870)
** Ignatius Stelletskii, Soviet archaeologist, historian and researcher (b. 1878)
*
November 12
Events Pre-1600
* 954 – The 13-year-old Lothair III is crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom.
*1028 – Future Byzantine empress Zoe takes the throne as empress consort to Romanos III Argyros.
* 13 ...
- Walter Buch, German SS general (b. 1883)
*
November 15
Events Pre-1600
* 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
* 1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Mo ...
–
Nathuram Godse
Nathuram Vinayak Godse (19 May 1910 – 15 November 1949) was the assassin of Mahatma Gandhi. He was a Hindu nationalist from Maharashtra who shot Gandhi in the chest three times at point blank range at a multi-faith prayer meeting in B ...
, assassin of Mohandas Gandhi (b. 1910), and his accomplice,
Narayan Apte Narayan or Narayana may refer to:
People
*Narayan (name), a common Indian name (including a list of persons with this and related names)
*Narayan (actor), an Indian film actor
*Narayan (writer), Indian writer
*Narayana Pandit, Indian mathematicia ...
(b. 1911)
* November 19 – James Ensor, Belgian painter (b. 1860)
* November 23 – Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria (b. 1859)
* November 25
** Mizuno Rentarō, Japanese statesman, politician and cabinet minister (b. 1868)
** Bill Robinson, African-American dancer (b. 1878)
* November 27
** Charles F. Haanel, American New Thought author and businessman (b. 1866)
** Vincenzo Irolli, Italian painter (b. 1860)
** Martin Benno Schmidt, German pathologist (b. 1863)
* November 30 – Dame Irene Vanbrugh, British actress (b. 1872)
December
![Jack Lovelock 1936b](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Jack_Lovelock_1936b.jpg)
* December 3
** Philip Barry, American playwright (b. 1896)
** Maria Ouspenskaya, Soviet actress, acting teacher (b. 1876)
* December 5 – Arthur Bedford, British navy officer (b. 1881)
* December 6
** Lead Belly, African-American blues musician (b. 1888)
** José María Zeledón Brenes, Costa Rican politician, poet, writer and journalist (b. 1877)
*
December 7
Events Pre-1600
*43 BC – Marcus Tullius Cicero is assassinated in Formia on orders of Marcus Antonius.
* 574 – Byzantine Emperor Justin II, suffering recurring seizures of insanity, adopts his general Tiberius and proclaims him ...
** Rex Beach, American novelist, playwright and Olympic water polo player (b. 1877)
** Stanislas Blanchard, Canadian politician (b. 1871)
* December 8 – George Barnes (Australian politician), George Barnes, Australian businessman, politician (b. 1856)
* December 11
** Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya, Indian philosopher (b. 1875)
** Marian Grzybowski, Polish dermatologist (b. 1895)
* December 16
** Sidney Olcott, Canadian film director (b. 1873)
** Lee White (actor), Lee White, American actor (b. 1888)
* December 22 – Manuel Camus, Filipino lawyer, politician (b. 1875)
* December 23
** Arthur Eichengrün, German chemist (b. 1867)
** Felix Kaufmann, Austrian-born American philosopher (b. 1895)
* December 24 – Gertrude Bacon, British aeronautical pioneer (b. 1874)
* December 25 – Leon Schlesinger, American producer, filmmaker (b. 1884)
* December 26 – Julius Brandt, Austrian actor (b. 1873)
* December 27 – Antoni Ponikowski, Polish academician, politician and 7th Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1878)
* December 28
** Hervey Allen, American author (b. 1889)
** Jack Lovelock, New Zealand Olympic athlete (b. 1910)
* December 30 – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe (b. 1871)
* December 31
** Josef Maria Auchentaller, Austrian architect, painter, draftsman and printmaker (b. 1865)
** Raimond Valgre, Estonian composer, musician (b. 1913)
Date unknown
* Constantin Atanasescu, Romanian general (b. 1885)
* Abd Allah Siraj, Prime Minister of Jordan (b. 1876)
* Ernest Spybuck, Native American artist (b. 1883)
* Zhang Haipeng, Chinese and Manchukuoan general (executed) (b. 1867)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Yukawa Hideki
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – William Francis Giauque
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – Walter Rudolf Hess and António Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – William Faulkner
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – John Boyd Orr
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:1949
1949,