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*
* May 6 – ''Hindenburg'' disaster: In the United States, the German airship ''Hindenburg'' bursts into flame when mooring to a mast in
Events
January
* January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua
The president of Nicaragua ( es, Presidente de Nicaragua), officially known as the president of the Republic of Nicaragua ( es, Presidente de la República de Nicaragua), is the head of state and head of government of Nicaragua. The office was ...
.
* January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Turckh ...
– Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River
The Ohio River is a long river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing southwesterly from western Pennsylvania to its mouth on the Mississippi River at the southern tip of Illino ...
in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into February, leaving 1 million people homeless and 385 people dead.
* January 15
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months.
* 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
– Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
: Second Battle of the Corunna Road
The Second Battle of the Corunna Road ( es, Batalla de la Carretera de Coruña) was a battle of the Spanish Civil War that took place from 13 December 1936 to 15 January 1937, northwest of Madrid. In December 1936, the Nationalists launched an ...
ends inconclusively.
* January 20
Events Pre-1600
* 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution.
* 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom.
* 1156 &ndas ...
– Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt
The second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt as president of the United States was held on Wednesday, January 20, 1937, at the East Portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. This was the 38th presidential inauguration and marke ...
: Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States. This is the first time that the United States presidential inauguration occurs on this date; the change is due to the ratification in 1933 of the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Twentieth Amendment (Amendment XX) to the United States Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the President of the United States, president and Vice President of the United States, vice president from March4 to January ...
.
* January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
*1264 & ...
– Moscow Trials
The Moscow trials were a series of show trials held by the Soviet Union between 1936 and 1938 at the instigation of Joseph Stalin. They were nominally directed against "Trotskyists" and members of "Right Opposition" of the Communist Party of th ...
: Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center – In the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
17 leading Communist
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
s go on trial, accused of participating in a plot led by Leon Trotsky
Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian ...
to overthrow Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
's regime, and assassinate its leaders.
February
*February 8
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.
*1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...
– Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
: Falangist troops take Málaga
Málaga (, ) is a municipality of Spain, capital of the Province of Málaga, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. With a population of 578,460 in 2020, it is the second-most populous city in Andalusia after Seville and the sixth most pop ...
.
* February 8
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.
*1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...
– February 27
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity.
* 425 – The University of Constantinople ...
– Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
– Battle of Jarama
The Battle of Jarama (6–27 February 1937) was an attempt by General Francisco Franco's Nationalists to dislodge the Republican lines along the river Jarama, just east of Madrid, during the Spanish Civil War. Elite Spanish Legionnaires and Moro ...
: Nationalist and Republican troops fight to a stalemate.
* February 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire.
* 1270 – Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Kar ...
– Wallace H. Carothers
Wallace Hume Carothers (; April 27, 1896 – April 29, 1937) was an American chemist, inventor and the leader of organic chemistry at DuPont, who was credited with the invention of nylon.
Carothers was a group leader at the DuPont Experiment ...
receives a patent
A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A p ...
for nylon
Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers composed of polyamides ( repeating units linked by amide links).The polyamides may be aliphatic or semi-aromatic.
Nylon is a silk-like thermoplastic, generally made from petro ...
in the United States.
* February 19
Events Pre-1600
* 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies.
* 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...
** Airliner VH-UHH (''Stinson'') goes down over Lamington National Park, bound for Sydney, killing 5 people.
** Yekatit 12
Yekatit 12 () is a date in the Ge'ez calendar which refers to the massacre and imprisonment of Ethiopians by the Italian occupation forces following an attempted assassination of Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, Marquis of Negele, Viceroy of Italian Ea ...
: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa (; am, አዲስ አበባ, , new flower ; also known as , lit. "natural spring" in Oromo), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It is also served as major administrative center of the Oromia Region. In the 2007 census, t ...
, Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
, two Eritrea
Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia ...
n nationalists attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani
Rodolfo Graziani, 1st Marquis of Neghelli (; 11 August 1882 – 11 January 1955), was a prominent Italian military officer in the Kingdom of Italy's ''Regio Esercito'' ("Royal Army"), primarily noted for his campaigns in Africa before and during ...
with a number of grenades. Italian security guards fire into the crowd of Ethiopian onlookers. Authorities exact further reprisals, which include indiscriminately slaughtering native Ethiopians over the next 3 days, detaining thousands of Ethiopians at Danan Danan may refer to:
Places
* Danan (volcano), one of the three volcanic cones of the island of Krakatoa
* Danan (Amran), sub-district located in Al Ashah District, 'Amran Governorate, Yemen
* Danan (woreda), a district in eastern Ethiopia
* Danan, ...
and slaughtering almost 300 monks at the Debre Libanos Monastery.
** The flag of the Netherlands is officially adopted.
* February 20
Events Pre-1600
*1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
*1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...
– Roberto Ortiz
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...
is elected president of Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
.
* February 21
Events Pre-1600
* 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine.
* 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
* 1440 – The Prus ...
– The League of Nations
The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...
Non-Intervention Committee
During the Spanish Civil War, several countries followed a principle of non-intervention to avoid any potential escalation or possible expansion of the war to other states. That would result in the signing of the Non-Intervention Agreement in Au ...
prohibits foreign nationals from fighting in the Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
.
* February 25
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
...
– Hergé's Tintin
Tintin or Tin Tin may refer to:
''The Adventures of Tintin''
* ''The Adventures of Tintin'', a comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé
** Tintin (character), a fictional character in the series
** ''The Adventures of Tintin'' (film), 2011, ...
adventure '' The Broken Ear'' (''L'Oreille cassée'') concludes serialization in the Belgian weekly newspaper supplement ''Le Petit Vingtième
''Le Petit Vingtième'' (, ''The Little Twentieth'') was the weekly youth supplement to the Belgium, Belgian newspaper ''Le Vingtième Siècle'' ("The Twentieth Century") from 1928 to 1940. The comics series ''The Adventures of Tintin'' first app ...
'', and soon afterwards is published as a book in black and white.
March
* March 10 (datedMarch 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.
* 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...
( Passion Sunday)) – The encyclical
An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin (originally from ...
'' Mit brennender Sorge'' ("With burning concern") of Pope Pius XI
Pope Pius XI ( it, Pio XI), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939), was head of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to his death in February 1939. He was the first sovereign of Vatican City fro ...
is published in Germany in the German language. Largely the work of Cardinals von Faulhaber and Pacelli, it condemns breaches of the 1933
Events
January
* January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand.
* January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...
Reichskonkordat agreement signed between the Nazi government and the Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
, and criticises Nazism
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...
's views on race and other matters incompatible with Catholicism.
* March 18 – New London School explosion
The New London School explosion occurred on March 18, 1937, when a natural gas leak caused an explosion and destroyed the London School in New London, Texas, United States. The disaster killed more than 300 students and teachers. , the event is ...
: In the worst school disaster in American history in terms of lives lost, the New London School in New London, Texas
New London is a city in Rusk County, Texas, United States. The population was 958 at the 2020 census.
New London was originally known as just "London". Because Kimble County Texas had already established a US Post Office station named London, ...
, suffers a catastrophic natural gas
Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...
explosion, killing in excess of 295 students and teachers. Mother Frances Hospital
CHRISTUS Trinity Mother Frances Health System is a non-profit regional health care provider based in Tyler, Texas that operates eight hospitals and 82 clinic locations in East Texas.
History
In the early 1930s, the Sisters of The Holy Family of ...
opens in Tyler, Texas
Tyler is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the largest city and county seat of Smith County, Texas, Smith County. It is also the largest city in Northeast Texas. With a 2020 census population of 105,995, Tyler was the List of cities in Texa ...
, a day ahead of schedule, in response to the explosion.
* March 19 – The encyclical ''Divini Redemptoris
''Divini Redemptoris'' (Latin for the promise of a Divine Redeemer) is an anti-communist encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI. It was published on 19 March 1937. In this encyclical, the pope sets out to "expose once more in a brief synthesis the ...
'' of Pope Pius XI
Pope Pius XI ( it, Pio XI), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939), was head of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to his death in February 1939. He was the first sovereign of Vatican City fro ...
, critical of communism
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
, is published.
* March 21
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...
– Ponce massacre: A police squad, acting under orders from Governor of Puerto Rico
The governor of Puerto Rico ( es, gobernador de Puerto Rico) is the head of government of the Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and commander-in-chief of the Puerto Rico National Guard.
The governor has a duty ...
Blanton Winship, opens fire on peaceful demonstrators protesting at the arrest of Puerto Rican Nationalist Party leader Pedro Albizu Campos, killing 17 people and injuring over 200.
April
*April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Kom ...
** Aden
Aden ( ar, عدن ' Yemeni: ) is a city, and since 2015, the temporary capital of Yemen, near the eastern approach to the Red Sea (the Gulf of Aden), some east of the strait Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000 people. ...
becomes a British crown colony
A Crown colony or royal colony was a colony administered by The Crown within the British Empire. There was usually a Governor, appointed by the British monarch on the advice of the UK Government, with or without the assistance of a local Counci ...
.
** The Bombing of Jaén is carried out in Spain, by the Condor Legion of the Nazi German Luftwaffe
The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German ''Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabtei ...
.
* April 9
Events Pre-1600
* 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum.
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, s ...
– The ''Kamikaze
, officially , were a part of the Japanese Special Attack Units of military aviators who flew suicide attacks for the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II, intending to d ...
'' arrives at Croydon Airport
Croydon Airport (former ICAO code: EGCR) was the UK's only international airport during the interwar period. Located in Croydon, South London, England, it opened in 1920, built in a Neoclassical style, and was developed as Britain's main air ...
in London; it is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe.
* April 12 – Frank Whittle ground-tests the world's first jet engine
A jet engine is a type of reaction engine discharging a fast-moving jet of heated gas (usually air) that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this broad definition can include rocket, Pump-jet, water jet, and hybrid propulsion, the term ...
designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England
Rugby is a market town in eastern Warwickshire, England, close to the River Avon. In the 2021 census its population was 78,125, making it the second-largest town in Warwickshire. It is the main settlement within the larger Borough of Rugby whi ...
.
* April 20 – A fire in an elementary school in Kilingi-Nõmme, Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...
, kills 17 students and injures 50.
* April 26 – Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
: The Bombing of Guernica
On 26 April 1937, the Basque town of Guernica (''Gernika'' in Basque) was aerial bombed during the Spanish Civil War. It was carried out at the behest of Francisco Franco's rebel Nationalist faction by its allies, the Nazi German Luftwaffe's ...
is carried out in Spain, by the Condor Legion of the Nazi German Luftwaffe
The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German ''Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabtei ...
, in support of the Francoists. Three-quarters of the town is destroyed and hundreds killed.
May
* May 6 – ''Hindenburg'' disaster: In the United States, the German airship ''Hindenburg'' bursts into flame when mooring to a mast in Lakehurst, New Jersey
Lakehurst is a borough in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 2,654,May 7 –
*
* September 2 – The 1937 Great Hong Kong typhoon, Great Hong Kong Typhoon kills an estimated 11,000 persons.
* September 5 –
*
* February 1 – Don Everly, American rock and roll singer and musician (d. 2021)
* February 2
** Tom Smothers, American musician, comedian (The Smothers Brothers)
** Eric Arturo Delvalle, Panamanian lawyer (d. 2015)
* February 4 – Magnar Solberg, Norwegian biathlete
* February 5 – Gaston Roelants, Belgian Olympic athlete
*
* March 2 – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (d. 2021)
* March 3 – Bobby Driscoll, American child actor and voice actor (d. 1968)
* March 4
** Graham Dowling, New Zealand cricketer
** Yuri Senkevich, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2003)
* March 5 – Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria
* March 6 – Valentina Tereshkova, Russian cosmonaut, first woman in space
* March 8 – Juvénal Habyarimana, 3rd President of Rwanda (d. 1994)
*
*
* May 2 – Lorenzo Music, American actor, voice actor, writer, producer and musician (d. 2001)
* May 4 – Dick Dale, American guitarist (d. 2019)
* May 6 – Rubin Carter, Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, African-American boxer (d. 2014)
*
* June 1
** Morgan Freeman, African-American actor
** Colleen McCullough, Australian author (d. 2015)
** Ezio Pascutti, Italian footballer (d. 2017)
* June 7 – Neeme Järvi, Estonian conductor
*
* July 2 – Richard Petty, American stock car racer, 7-time NASCAR Winston Cup champion
* July 3 – Tom Stoppard, Czech-born British playwright and screenwriter
* July 4 – Queen Sonja of Norway
* July 5 – Jo de Roo, Dutch road racing cyclist
* July 6
** Vladimir Ashkenazy, Russian pianist
** Ned Beatty, American actor (d. 2021)
** Michael Sata, 5th President of Zambia (d. 2014)
* July 7
** Lars-Erik Larsson (rower), Lars-Erik Larsson, Swedish rowing coxswain
** Nanami Shiono, Japanese author, novelist
** Tung Chee-hwa, Hong Kong businessman and politician
** Giovanni Arrighi, Italian economist, sociologist and world-systems analyst (d. 2009)
*
*
* September 1 – Francisco Pinto Balsemão, Portuguese politician, 111th Prime Minister of Portugal
* September 4 – Dawn Fraser, Australian swimmer
* September 5 – Antonio Angelillo, Italian-Argentine footballer (d. 2018)
* September 6 - Jo Anne Worley, American Actress, Comedienne and singer
* September 7 – John Phillip Law, American actor (d. 2008)
* September 9 – Alí Rodríguez Araque, Venezuelan politician, lawyer and diplomat (d. 2018)
* September 10 – Jared Diamond, American geographer, anthropologist, and author
* September 11 – Paola Ruffo di Calabria, Italian-born Queen of the Belgians
* September 15
** Robert Lucas Jr., American economist and Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel laureate
** Fernando de la Rúa, Argentine politician, 43rd President of Argentina (d. 2019)
* September 20 – Monica Zetterlund, Swedish singer and actress (d. 2005)
* September 26 – Jerry Weintraub, American film producer and talent agent (d. 2015)
* September 28 – Bob Schul, American Olympic athlete
* September 30 – Daniel Filho, Brazilian film producer, director, actor, and screenwriter
* October 2 – Johnnie Cochran, African-American attorney (d. 2005)
* October 4
** Jackie Collins, English author (d. 2015)
** Franz Vranitzky, 19th Chancellor of Austria
* October 11 – Bobby Charlton, English footballer
* October 19 – Teresa Ciepły, Polish Olympic athlete (d. 2006)
* October 20 – Wanda Jackson, American singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist
* October 21 – Édith Scob, French film and theatre actress (d. 2019)
* October 22 – Kader Khan, Afghan-born Indian-Canadian film actor, screenwriter, comedian, and director (d. 2018)
* October 28 – Lenny Wilkens, American basketball player and coach
* October 30 – Ashaari Mohammad, Malaysian spiritual leader (d. 2010)
* October 31 – Tom Paxton, American folk singer, songwriter
* December 1 – Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia
* December 3 – Francisco Xavier do Amaral, 1st President of East Timor (d. 2012)
* December 6 – Ramon Torrents, Spanish artist
* December 8
** James MacArthur, American actor (d. 2010)
** Arne Næss Jr., Norwegian mountaineer, businessman (d. 2004)
* December 12
** Connie Francis, American singer
** Michael Jeffery, 24th Governor-General of Australia (d. 2020)
* December 17 – Sergio Jiménez, Mexican actor (d. 2007)
* December 18 – Sami-ul-Haq, Pakistani cleric, politician (d. 2018)
* December 21 – Jane Fonda, American actress and activist
* December 26 – John Horton Conway, English-born mathematician (d. 2020)
* December 28 – Ratan Tata, Indian industrialist
* December 29 – Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
* December 30 – Gordon Banks, English footballer (d. 2019)
* December 31
** Avram Hershko, Israeli biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
** Anthony Hopkins, Welsh actor
** Milutin Šoškić, Serbian footballer (d. 2022)
*
* February 1 – Asano Nagakoto, Japanese diplomat, politician (b. 1842)
* February 2 – Reinhold Hanisch, Austrian politician, worker (b. 1884)
* February 5
** Lou Andreas-Salomé, Russian-born writer (b. 1861)
** José Nicoletti Filho, Italian revolutionary hero (b. 1871)
* February 7 – Elihu Root, American statesman, diplomat and Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1845)
* February 11
** Walter Burley Griffin, American architect, town planner (b. 1876)
** Vasily Gurko, Russian general (b. 1864)
** Maria Luisa Josefa, Mexican Roman Catholic nun and venerable (b. 1866)
** Peter of Jesus Maldonado, Mexican priest, martyr and saint (b. 1892)
* February 14
** Vicente Vilar David, Spanish Roman Catholic priest, saint and martyr (killed in battle) (b. 1889)
** Erkki Melartin, Finnish composer (b. 1875)
* February 17 – George Hassell (actor), George Hassell, English actor (b. 1881)
*
* March 6 – John Ellis Martineau, American politician (b. 1873)
* March 7 – Concepción Cabrera de Armida, Mexican Roman Catholic mystic and blessed (b. 1862)
* March 8
** Yuriy Kotsiubynsky, Soviet politician, activist (b. 1896)
** Howie Morenz, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902)
* March 9 – Paul Elmer More, American critic, essayist (b. 1864)
* March 11 – Joseph S. Cullinan, American oil industrialist, founder of ''Texaco'' (b. 1860)
* March 12
** Jenő Hubay, Hungarian composer, violinist (b. 1858)
** Charles-Marie Widor, French organist, composer (b. 1844)
* March 13 – Elihu Thomson, English-American engineer and inventor, co-founder of General Electric (b. 1853)
* March 15 – H. P. Lovecraft, American writer (b. 1890)
* March 16 – Austen Chamberlain, Sir Austen Chamberlain, British statesman, Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1863)
* March 18
** Mélanie Bonis, French composer (b. 1858)
** Felix Graf von Bothmer, German general (b. 1852)
** Julio Sanchez Gardel, Argentine dramatist (b. 1870)
* March 20
** Arthur Bernède, French writer, poet and playwright (b. 1870)
** Harry Vardon, English golf professional (b. 1870)
* March 22
** Thorvald Aagaard, Danish composer (b. 1877)
** Alfred Dyke Acland, British military officer (b. 1858)
** Vladimir Maksimov (actor), Vladimir Maksimov, Soviet actor (b. 1880)
** Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford, British aviator, ornithologist (plane crash) (b. 1865)
* March 25 – John Drinkwater (playwright), John Drinkwater, British poet, dramatist (b. 1882)
* March 27 – Victor Gustav Bloede (chemist), Victor Gustav Bloede, Swedish chemist (b. 1849)
* March 28 – Josef Klička, Czechoslovak organist, violinist and composer (b. 1855)
* March 29
** Fyodor Keneman, Soviet pianist, composer (b. 1873)
** Karol Szymanowski, Polish composer (b. 1882)
** Kim You-jeong, Korean novelist (b. 1908)
* March 31 – Ahmed Izzet Pasha, Turkish general (b. 1864)
* April 2 – Nathan Birnbaum, Austrian writer, journalist (b. 1864)
* April 4
** Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco (b. 1875)
** Maria Teresa Casini, Italian Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1864)
* April 5 – Jose Benlliure y Gil, Spanish painter (b. 1858)
* April 6 – Gyula Juhász (poet), Gyula Juhász, Hungarian poet (b. 1883)
* April 7 – Helen Burgess, American actress (b. 1916)
* April 8 – Billy Bassett, English association footballer (b. 1869)
* April 10
** Ralph Ince, American film director (b. 1887)
** Shridhar Venkatesh Ketkar, Indian sociologist, historian (b. 1884)
* April 14 – Ned Hanlon (baseball), Ned Hanlon, American baseball manager, MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1857)
* April 16 – Jay Johnson Morrow, American military engineer, politician and 3rd Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (b. 1870)
* April 19
** Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington, British art critic, mountaineer (b. 1856)
** William Morton Wheeler, American entomologist (b. 1865)
* April 20
** Gaston Chérau, French journalist (b. 1872)
** Josef Mařatka, Czech sculptor (b. 1874)
* April 21 – Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (b. 1913)
* April 22 – Arthur Edmund Carewe, Armenian-American actor (b. 1884)
* April 23 – Caroline Harris, American actress (b. 1867)
* April 24 – Lucy Beaumont (actress), Lucy Beaumont, British actress (b. 1869)
* April 25 – Michał Drzymała, Polish rebel (b. 1857)
* April 27 – Antonio Gramsci, Italian Communist writer, politician (b. 1891)
* April 29
** Wallace Carothers, American chemist, inventor of nylon (b. 1896)
** William Gillette, American actor (b. 1853)
* May 1
** Snitz Edwards, Hungarian actor (b. 1868)
** Herbert Hughes (composer), Herbert Hughes, Irish composer (b. 1882)
* May 2 – Takuji Iwasaki, Japanese meteorologist (b. 1869)
* May 4 – Noel Rosa, Brazilian songwriter (b. 1910)
* May 5
** Camillo Berneri, Italian philosopher, anarchist (b. 1897)
** C.K.G. Billings, American horseman (b. 1861)
* May 7 – Ernst A. Lehmann, German captain of the ''LZ 129 Hindenburg, Hindenburg'' (b. 1886)
* May 9
** Harry Barton (architect), Harry Barton, American architect (b. 1876)
** Maurice Conner, Canadian politician (b. 1868)
* May 10 – James Blindell, Sir James Blindell, British politician (b. 1884)
* May 11
** Afonso Costa, Portuguese lawyer, professor, politician and 3-time Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1871)
** Ellen Hansell, American tennis champion (b. 1869)
* May 15 – Percy Lee Gassaway, American politician (b. 1885)
* May 23 – John D. Rockefeller, American industrialist, philanthropist (b. 1839)
* May 24
** Luis F. Álvarez, Spanish physician (b. 1853)
** Francis Bird (architect), Francis Bird, Australian architect (b. 1845)
* May 25 – Henry Ossawa Tanner, American artist (b. 1859)
* May 26 – Bertha May Crawford, Canadian opera singer (b. 1886)
* May 28 – Alfred Adler, Austrian psychologist (b. 1870)
* May 29 – Lizardo García, 17th President of Ecuador (b. 1844)
* June 2 – Louis Vierne, French composer (b. 1870)
*
*
*
* September 2
** Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, Indian revolutionary hero (b. 1880)
** Pierre de Coubertin, 2nd President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1863)
* September 3 – François Guiguet, French painter (b. 1860)
* September 4
** Daniel Alexander Cameron, Canadian politician (b. 1870)
** Juan Campisteguy, Uruguayan lawyer, soldier and 25th President of Uruguay (b. 1859)
* September 5 – David Hendricks Bergey, American bacteriologist (b. 1860)
* September 6 – Harry Charles Purvis Bell, British civil servant, commissioner (b. 1851)
* September 8 – Frank Alexander (actor), Frank Alexander, American actor (b. 1879)
* September 9
** Mikhail Diterikhs, Russian general (b. 1874)
** Géza Horváth, Hungarian doctor, entomologist (b. 1847)
* September 11 – Nazmi Ziya Güran, Turkish painter (b. 1881)
* September 13 – Ellis Parker Butler, American humorist (b. 1869)
* September 14 – Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Czechoslovakian politician, sociologist, philosopher and 1st President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1850)
* September 15
** Anders Bundgaard, Danish sculptor (b. 1864)
** Clifford Heatherley, British actor (b. 1888)
* September 20
** Maksymilian Horwitz, Polish socialist, communist activist (b. 1877)
** Lev Karakhan, Soviet revolutionary hero, diplomat (b. 1889)
* September 21 – Osgood Perkins, American actor (b. 1892)
* September 23 – Cleto González Víquez, 18th and 26th President of Costa Rica (b. 1858)
* September 22 – Ruth Roland, American actress (b. 1892)
* September 26
** Bessie Smith, African-American blues singer (b. 1894)
** Edward Filene, United States, American businessman, philanthropist (b. 1860)
* September 27 – Alikhan Bukeikhanov, Kazakh statesman, politician, publicist, teacher, writer and Prime Minister of Alash Autonomy (b. 1866)
* September 29 – Ray Ewry, American Olympic athlete (b. 1873)
* October 1 – Prince Kuni Taka of Japan (b. 1875)
* October 3
** Baden Baden-Powell, American aviator pioneer (b. 1860)
** Richard Hertwig, German zoologist (b. 1850)
* October 6 – Angelo Musco (actor), Angelo Musco, Italian actor (b. 1872)
* October 9
** August de Boeck, Flemish composer (b. 1865)
** Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, German prince (b. 1868)
* October 10 – Peter of Krutitsy, Soviet Orthodox priest, martyr and metropolitan (b. 1862)
* October 11 – Emma E. Bower, American physician, club-woman, and newspaperwoman (b. 1852)
* October 13 – Kazimierz Nowak, Polish traveller (b. 1897)
* October 14 – Salvatore Micalizzi, Italian Roman Catholic priest and venerable (b. 1856)
* October 15 – James Marcus (American actor), James Marcus, American actor (b. 1867)
* October 16
** Jean de Brunhoff, French writer (b. 1899)
** William Sealy Gosset, English chemist and statistician (b. 1876)
* October 17
** J. Bruce Ismay, English businessman (b. 1862)
** Antônio Parreiras, Brazilian painter, illustrator (b. 1860)
* October 19
** Pedro Chutró, Argentine physician (b. 1880)
** Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand physicist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry recipient (b. 1871)
* October 23 – Nikolai Klyuev, Russian poet (b. 1884)
* October 26 – Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki, Polish general (b. 1867)
* October 27
** Joseph-Félix Bouchor, French painter (b. 1853)
** Abdul Karim Khan, Indian classical singer (b. 1872)
* October 29 – Kazimierz Cichowski, Polish-born Soviet politician (b. 1887)
* October 30
** Mendel Khatayevich, Soviet politician (b. 1893)
** Ivan Zhukov, Soviet politician (b. 1889)
* November 1 – Ivar Bauck, Norwegian general (b. 1863)
* November 2 – Félix Gaffiot, French philologist (b. 1870)
* November 4
** William Bennett (English politician), William Bennett, British politician (b. 1873)
** Alfred Walter Campbell, Australian neurologist (b. 1868)
** Gustav Gärtner, Austrian pathologist (b. 1855)
** Emil Hassler, Swiss physician, botanist (b. 1864)
* November 5 – Naoe Kinoshita, Japanese Christian socialist (b. 1869)
* November 6 – Johnston Forbes-Robertson, Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson, British stage actor (b. 1853)
* November 8
**Francis de Croisset, Belgian-born French playwright (b. 1877)
**Giovanni De Briganti, Italian aviator (b. 1892)
* November 9 – Ramsay MacDonald, British statesman, 2-time
* December 1 – Rao Guohua, Chinese general of the National Revolutionary Army (b. 1894)
* December 2 – Josep Comas i Solà, Andorran astronomer (b. 1868)
* December 3
** Attila József, Hungarian poet (b. 1905)
** Prosper Poullet, Belgian politician, 26th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1868)
** Yue Yiqin, Chinese flying ace (b. 1914)
* December 4
** Ralph Lewis (actor), Ralph Lewis, American actor (b. 1872)
** Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, Indian politician and educationist (b. 1863)
* December 8
** Hans Molisch, Czech-Austrian botanist (b. 1856)
** Akhmet Baitursynov, Kazakh poet, politician, turkologist (b. 1872)
* December 9
** Lilias Armstrong, British phonetician (b. 1882)
** Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)
* December 10 – Robert Bolder, British actor (b. 1859)
* December 12 – Alfred Abel, German actor (b. 1879)
* December 14 – Fabián de la Rosa, Filipino painter (b. 1869)
* December 16 – Giorgi Mazniashvili, Soviet general (b. 1870)
* December 17 – Dimitrie Călugăreanu, Romanian physician, naturalist and physiologist (b. 1868)
* December 18 – Robert Worth Bingham, American politician (b. 1871)
* December 20 – Erich Ludendorff, German general (b. 1865)
* December 21
** Meliton Balanchivadze, Soviet composer (b. 1862)
** Ted Healy, American actor (b. 1896)
** Frank B. Kellogg, United States Secretary of State, Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1856)
* December 22 – Joseph Darby (jumper), Joseph Darby, British jumper (b. 1861)
* December 23 – Osman Nuri Hadžić, Bosnian writer (b. 1869)
* December 25 – Newton D. Baker, 37th Mayor of Cleveland, Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, United States Secretary of War (b. 1871)
* December 27 – Coote Hedley, Sir Coote Hedley, British army officer and sportsman (b. 1865)
* December 28
** Herbert Bullmore, Scottish Rugby Union international player, grandfather of Kerry Packer (b. 1874)
** Maurice Ravel, French composer (''Boléro'') (b. 1875)
** Algernon Thomas, Sir Algernon Thomas, New Zealand scientist (b. 1857)
* December 29
** Frederik Beichmann, Norwegian jurist (b. 1859)
** Don Marquis, American poet (b. 1878)
* December 30 – Hans Niels Andersen, Danish businessman, founder of the East Asiatic Company (b. 1852)
* December 31 – Dezső Czigány, Hungarian painter (b. 1883)
1937 WWII Timeline
– from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia {{DEFAULTSORT:1937 1937,
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
: The German Condor Legion Fighter Group, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who led the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War ...
's forces.
* May 8
Events Pre-1600
* 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin.
* 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...
– Wydad Athletic Club
Wydad Athletic Club ( ar, نادي الوداد الرياضي, ) commonly referred to as Wydad AC and known as Wydad, or simply as WAC, is a Moroccan sports club based in Casablanca. Wydad AC is best known for its professional football team that ...
(WAC)(Arabic: نادي الوداد الرياضي; Berber: ''Wydad Dar al-Beida''; commonly: ''Wydad al ouma'') is established in Casablanca
Casablanca, also known in Arabic as Dar al-Bayda ( ar, الدَّار الْبَيْضَاء, al-Dār al-Bayḍāʾ, ; ber, ⴹⴹⴰⵕⵍⴱⵉⴹⴰ, ḍḍaṛlbiḍa, : "White House") is the largest city in Morocco and the country's econom ...
, Morocco; it will be best known for its Casablanca Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...
team.
* May 12 – The King George VI and Queen Elizabeth are crowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor and Empress of India at Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the United ...
, London.
* May 21
** A Soviet station becomes the first scientific research settlement to operate on the drift ice of the Arctic Ocean.
** As one of the reprisals for the attempted assassination of Italian viceroy Rodolfo Graziani
Rodolfo Graziani, 1st Marquis of Neghelli (; 11 August 1882 – 11 January 1955), was a prominent Italian military officer in the Kingdom of Italy's ''Regio Esercito'' ("Royal Army"), primarily noted for his campaigns in Africa before and during ...
, a detachment of Italian troops massacres the entire community of Debre Libanos, killing 297 monks and 23 laymen.
* May 28
** Neville Chamberlain
Arthur Neville Chamberlain (; 18 March 18699 November 1940) was a British politician of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940. He is best known for his foreign policy of appeasemen ...
becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pr ...
, following the retirement of Stanley Baldwin
Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (3 August 186714 December 1947) was a British Conservative Party politician who dominated the government of the United Kingdom between the world wars, serving as prime minister on three occasions, ...
.
* May 30
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...
** Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
: Spanish ship ''Ciudad de Barcelona'' is torpedoed.
** Memorial Day massacre of 1937: The Chicago Police Department
The Chicago Police Department (CPD) is the municipal law enforcement agency of the U.S. city of Chicago, Illinois, under the jurisdiction of the City Council. It is the second-largest municipal police department in the United States, behind t ...
shoot and kill 10 unarmed demonstrators in Chicago.
June
*June
June is the sixth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the second of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the third of five months to have a length of less than 31 days. June contains the summer solstice in ...
– Picasso
Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and Scenic design, theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th ce ...
completes his painting ''Guernica
Guernica (, ), official name (reflecting the Basque language) Gernika (), is a town in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain. The town of Guernica is one part (along with neighbouring Lumo) of the mu ...
''.
* June
June is the sixth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the second of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the third of five months to have a length of less than 31 days. June contains the summer solstice in ...
– July
July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the fourth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., it being the mont ...
– The Dáil Éireann
Dáil Éireann ( , ; ) is the lower house, and principal chamber, of the Oireachtas (Irish legislature), which also includes the President of Ireland and Seanad Éireann (the upper house).Article 15.1.2º of the Constitution of Ireland read ...
debates and passes the new draft Constitution of Ireland, which is then submitted for public approval by plebiscite
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
.
* June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Philippikos Ba ...
– Wallis Simpson
Wallis, Duchess of Windsor (born Bessie Wallis Warfield, later Simpson; June 19, 1896 – April 24, 1986), was an American socialite and wife of the former King Edward VIII. Their intention to marry and her status as a divorcée caused ...
marries the Duke of Windsor, the former Edward VIII
Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972), later known as the Duke of Windsor, was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire and Emperor of India from 20 January 19 ...
, in France.
* June 8
Events Pre-1600
* 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus.
* 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...
** The Dáil Éireann
Dáil Éireann ( , ; ) is the lower house, and principal chamber, of the Oireachtas (Irish legislature), which also includes the President of Ireland and Seanad Éireann (the upper house).Article 15.1.2º of the Constitution of Ireland read ...
passes the Executive Authority (Consequential Provisions) Act, 1937, which abolishes the office of Governor-General of the Irish Free State, retrospectively dated to December
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is also the last of seven months to have a length of 31 days.
December got its name from the Latin word ''decem'' (meaning ten) because it was or ...
1936
Events
January–February
* January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...
.
** The first total solar eclipse
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six month ...
to exceed 7 minutes of totality, in over 800 years, is visible in the Pacific and Peru.
* June 21
Events Pre-1600
* 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date).
* 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...
– The coalition government
A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government. The usual reason for such an arrangement is that no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election, an atypical outcome in ...
of Léon Blum
André Léon Blum (; 9 April 1872 – 30 March 1950) was a French socialist politician and three-time Prime Minister.
As a Jew, he was heavily influenced by the Dreyfus affair of the late 19th century. He was a disciple of French Socialist le ...
resigns in France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
.
July
* July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
** The Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
arrests pastor Martin Niemöller in Germany.
** In a referendum the people of the Irish Free State
The Irish Free State ( ga, Saorstát Éireann, , ; 6 December 192229 December 1937) was a state established in December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921. The treaty ended the three-year Irish War of Independence between th ...
accept the new Constitution by 685,105 votes to 527,945.
* July 2 – Amelia Earhart
Amelia Mary Earhart ( , born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937; declared dead January 5, 1939) was an American aviation pioneer and writer. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She set many oth ...
and navigator Fred Noonan
Frederick Joseph "Fred" Noonan (born April 4, 1893 – disappeared July 2, 1937, declared dead June 20, 1938) was an American flight navigator, sea captain and aviation pioneer, who first charted many commercial airline routes across the Pacif ...
disappear after taking off from New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu
Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea).
It is a simplified version of ...
, during Earhart's attempt to become the first woman to fly around the world.
* July 7
** In the Marco Polo Bridge Incident
The Marco Polo Bridge Incident, also known as the Lugou Bridge Incident () or the July 7 Incident (), was a July 1937 battle between China's National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army.
Since the Japanese invasion of Manchuria ...
, Japanese and Chinese forces exchange fire near Beijing, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Th ...
.
** The Peel Commission
The Peel Commission, formally known as the Palestine Royal Commission, was a British Royal Commission of Inquiry, headed by Lord Peel, appointed in 1936 to investigate the causes of unrest in Mandatory Palestine, which was administered by Gre ...
proposes partition of the British Mandate of Palestine into separate Arab and Jewish states.
* July 9
Events Pre-1600
*118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome.
* 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
– 1937 Fox vault fire
The 1937 Fox vault fire was a major fire that broke out in a 20th Century-Fox film-storage facility in Little Ferry, New Jersey, United States, on July 9, 1937. Flammable nitrate film had previously contributed to several fires in film-industr ...
: The silent film archives of Fox Film Corporation are destroyed
* July 20 – The Geibeltbad Pirna
The Geibeltbad Pirna is a public bath and water sport facility in Pirna near Dresden, Saxony in Germany. Finished under the Nazis on June 20, 1937, it is one of the largest baths in the world. Completely paid by the Anna Marie Geibelt Foundation ...
is opened in Dresden
Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth larg ...
, Germany.
* July 21
Events Pre-1600
* 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
* 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the ...
– Éamon de Valera is elected President of the Executive Council (prime minister) of the Irish Free State
The Irish Free State ( ga, Saorstát Éireann, , ; 6 December 192229 December 1937) was a state established in December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921. The treaty ended the three-year Irish War of Independence between th ...
, by the Dáil (parliament).
* July 22
Events Pre-1600
* 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
*1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
– New Deal
The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939. Major federal programs agencies included the Civilian Cons ...
: The United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
The composition and pow ...
votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
.
* July 25
Events Pre-1600
* 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
* 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
– 31 – Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Beiping–Tianjin
The Battle of Beiping–Tianjin (), also known as the Battle of Beiping, Battle of Peiping, Battle of Beijing, Battle of Peiking, the Peiking-Tientsin Operation, and by the Japanese as the (25–31 July 1937) was a series of battles of the Sec ...
, a series of actions fought around Beiping and Tianjin
Tianjin (; ; Mandarin: ), alternately romanized as Tientsin (), is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China, with a total popul ...
, result in Japanese victory.
* July 29 – Tungchow Mutiny: Units of the East Hopei Army
{{no footnotes, date=July 2015
The East Hopei Army was raised from the former soldiers of the Peace Preservation Corps that had been created by the Tangku Truce of 31 May 1933. The Demilitarized Zone Peace Preservation Corps had been the "neutr ...
mutiny and kill Japanese troops and civilians in Tongzhou.
* July 31
Events Pre-1600
*30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
* 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Tr ...
– NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.
...
Operative Order 00447 "Об операции по репрессированию бывших кулаков, уголовников и других антисоветских элементов" ("The operation for repression of former kulaks, criminals and other anti-Soviet elements") is approved by the Politburo of the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
, initially as a 4-month plan for 75,950 people to be executed and an additional 193,000 to be sent to the Gulag
The Gulag, an acronym for , , "chief administration of the camps". The original name given to the system of camps controlled by the GPU was the Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps (, )., name=, group= was the government agency in ...
.
August
*August 2
Events Pre-1600
*338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.
*216 BC – The Carthaginian arm ...
– The Marijuana Tax Act
The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, , was a United States Act that placed a tax on the sale of cannabis. The H.R. 6385 act was drafted by Harry Anslinger and introduced by Rep. Robert L. Doughton of North Carolina, on April 14, 1937. The Seventy-fift ...
in the United States is a significant bill on the path that will lead to the criminalization of cannabis. It was introduced to the U.S. Congress by Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, Harry Anslinger.
* August 5
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty.
* 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...
– The Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
commences one of the largest campaigns of the Great Purge
The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovshchina ('period of Nikolay Yezhov, Yezhov'), was General ...
, to "eliminate anti-Soviet elements". Within the following year, at least 724,000 people are killed on order of the troikas, directed by Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
. This is an offensive that targets social classes (such as the kulaks), ethnic or racial backgrounds which are seen as non-Russian, and Stalin's personal opponents from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party and their sympathizers.
* August 6 – Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
: Falangist artillery bombards Madrid.
* August 8 – Japan occupies Beijing.
* August 9 – The Polish Operation of the NKVD (1937–38) is signed by Nikolai Yezhov, as a continuation of the Great Purge
The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovshchina ('period of Nikolay Yezhov, Yezhov'), was General ...
.
* August 13 – Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Th ...
: The Battle of Shanghai opens.
* August 26 – Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Th ...
: Japanese aircraft attack the car carrying the ambassador of Great Britain, during a raid on Shanghai.
September
* September 2 – The 1937 Great Hong Kong typhoon, Great Hong Kong Typhoon kills an estimated 11,000 persons.
* September 5 – Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
: The city of Llanes falls to the Falangists.
* September 7 – CBS broadcasts a two-and-a-half hour memorial concert nationwide on radio in memory of George Gershwin, live from the Hollywood Bowl. Many celebrities appear, including Oscar Levant, Fred Astaire, Otto Klemperer, Lily Pons and members of the original cast of ''Porgy and Bess''. The concert is recorded and released complete years later in what is excellent sound for its time, on CD. The Los Angeles Philharmonic is the featured orchestra.
* September 10 – Nine nations meet in the Nyon Conference, led by the United Kingdom and France, to address international piracy in the Mediterranean.
* September 17 – Abraham Lincoln's head is dedicated at Mount Rushmore.
* September 19 – Swiss professional ice hockey club HC Ambrì-Piotta is founded.
* September 21 – George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London publishes the first edition of J. R. R. Tolkien's ''The Hobbit''.
* September 25 – Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Th ...
- Battle of Pingxingguan: The Communist Chinese Eighth Route Army defeats the Japanese.
* September 27 – The last Bali tiger dies.
* September 30 – Austrian born actress of Jewish descent, Hedy Lamarr arrives in New York City to flee from her possessive husband Friedrich Mandl who made arms agreements with the Nazis, and to begin her Hollywood career.
October
* October 1 ** The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, Marihuana Tax Act becomes law in the United States. * October 2–October 8, 8 – Parsley Massacre: Under the orders of President Rafael Trujillo, Dominican troops kill thousands of Haitians living in the Dominican Republic. * October 3 –Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Th ...
: Japanese troops advance toward Nanking, capital of the Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China.
* October 5 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, Roosevelt gives his famous ''Quarantine Speech'' in Chicago.
* October 9 – Jimmie Angel lands his plane on top of Devil's Mountain; however, the plane gets damaged, and he has to trek through the rainforest for help.
* October 11 – Duke and Duchess of Windsor's 1937 tour of Germany: The Edward VIII, Duke and Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor arrive in Berlin to begin a 12-day tour of Nazi Germany, meeting Adolf Hitler on the 22nd.
* October 13 – Germany, in a note to Brussels, guarantees the inviolability and integrity of Belgium, so long as the latter abstains from military action against Germany.
* October 15 – Ernest Hemingway's novel ''To Have and Have Not'' is first published, in the United States.
* October 18–October 21 – Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
: The whole Spanish northern seaboard falls into the Falangists' hands; Second Spanish Republic, Republican forces in Gijón, Spain, set fire to petrol reserves, prior to retreating before the advancing Falangists.
* October 23 – 1937 Australian federal election: Joseph Lyons' United Australia Party, UAP/National Party of Australia, Country Coalition (Australia), Coalition Lyons Government, Government is re-elected with a slightly increased majority, defeating the Australian Labor Party, Labor Party led by John Curtin.
* October 25 – Celâl Bayar forms the new (ninth) government of Turkey.
November
* November 5 – World War II: In the Reich Chancellery, Adolf Hitler holds a secret meeting and states his plans for acquiring "living space" for the German people (recorded in the Hossbach Memorandum). * November 6 – Italy joins the Anti-Comintern Pact. * November 9 –Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Th ...
: Japanese troops take Shanghai.
* November 10 – Brazilian president Getúlio Vargas announces the Estado Novo (Brazil), Estado Novo ("New State"), thence becoming dictator of Brazil until 1945.
* November 11 – The Kogushi Sulfur Mine collapse, in western Gunma, Japan, kills at least 245 people.
December
* December 1 –Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Th ...
: The Battle of Nanking begins.
* December 4 – ''The Dandy'' Comic book, comic is first published in Scotland; it continued until 2012 as a physical publication, then online until 2013.
* December 11 – Italy withdraws from the League of Nations
The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...
.
* December 12
** USS Panay incident, USS ''Panay'' incident: Japanese bombers sink the American gunboat .
** Mae West makes a risqué guest appearance on NBC's ''Chase and Sanborn Hour'', which eventually results in her being banned from radio.
* December 13 – Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Th ...
: The Battle of Nanking ends with the Japanese occupying the city. In the Nanking Massacre which follows, Japanese soldiers kill over 300,000 Chinese in 3 months. A few days previously, the Nationalist government of China had moved its capital to the southwestern city Chongqing, Chungking (Chongqing).
* December 16 – The original production of the musical ''Me and My Girl'' opens at the Victoria Palace Theatre, in London's West End theatre, West End. A later revival will win an award.
* December 21 – Walt Disney's ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film), Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'', the world's first feature-length animation, animated film, premieres at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles.
* December 25 – At the age of 70, conductor Arturo Toscanini conducts the NBC Symphony Orchestra on radio for the first time, beginning his successful 17-year tenure with that orchestra. This first concert consists of music by Vivaldi (at a time when he is seldom played), Mozart, and Brahms. Millions tune in to listen, including U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
* December 29 – The new Constitution of Ireland (''Bunreacht na hÉireann'') comes into force. The Irish Free State
The Irish Free State ( ga, Saorstát Éireann, , ; 6 December 192229 December 1937) was a state established in December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921. The treaty ended the three-year Irish War of Independence between th ...
becomes "Republic of Ireland, Ireland", and Éamon de Valera becomes the first Taoiseach (prime minister) of the new state. A Presidential Commission (Ireland), Presidential Commission (made up the Chief Justice, the Speaker of Dáil Éireann, and the President of the High Court) assumes the powers of the new presidency, pending the popular election of the first President of Ireland in June 1938. The new constitution prohibits divorce.
Date unknown
* Switzerland begins construction of its Border Line (Switzerland), Border Line defences. * The Vibora Luviminda sugar plantation trade unions strike on Maui island, Hawaii. * Italian psychiatrist Amarro Fiamberti is the first to document a transorbital approach to the brain, which becomes the basis for the controversial medical procedure of transorbital lobotomy. * Soviet Union, Soviet industry produces about four times as much as it had in 1928. * The Allen Organ Company, builder of church, home and theatre organs, is founded in Macungie, Pennsylvania.Births
January
* January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– Philip Akot Akok Kiir, South Sudanese pastor, former educator and politician
* January 4
** Grace Bumbry, American opera singer
** Dyan Cannon, American actress, film director and screenwriter
* January 6
** Paolo Conte, Italian singer, pianist and composer
** Harri Holkeri, 36th Prime Minister of Finland (d. 2011)
* January 8 – Dame Shirley Bassey, Welsh singer
* January 13 – Ati George Sokomanu, President of Vanuatu
* January 15
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months.
* 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
– Margaret O'Brien, American child actress
* January 16 – Francis George, American cardinal (d. 2015)
* January 18
** Yukio Endō, Japanese gymnast (d. 2009)
** John Hume, Northern Irish politician, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 2020)
* January 19 – Princess Birgitta of Sweden
* January 21 – Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria, heir to the Bavarian Royal House
* January 22 – Joseph Wambaugh, American author
* January 25 – Ange-Félix Patassé, 5th President of Central African Republic (d. 2011)
* January 30
** Vanessa Redgrave, British actress
** Boris Spassky, Russian chess grandmaster
* January 31
** Philip Glass, American composer
** Suzanne Pleshette, American actress (d. 2008)
February
* February 1 – Don Everly, American rock and roll singer and musician (d. 2021)
* February 2
** Tom Smothers, American musician, comedian (The Smothers Brothers)
** Eric Arturo Delvalle, Panamanian lawyer (d. 2015)
* February 4 – Magnar Solberg, Norwegian biathlete
* February 5 – Gaston Roelants, Belgian Olympic athlete
* February 8
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.
*1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...
– Harry Wu, Chinese human rights activist (d. 2016)
* February 10 – Roberta Flack, African-American singer
* February 11 – Bill Lawry, Australian cricketer
* February 12 – Charles Dumas, American athlete (d. 2004)
* February 13 – Rupiah Banda, 4th President of Zambia (d. 2022)
* February 20
Events Pre-1600
*1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
*1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...
** Robert Huber, German chemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel laureate
** Nancy Wilson (jazz singer), Nancy Wilson, African-American singer and actress (d. 2018)
* February 21
Events Pre-1600
* 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine.
* 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
* 1440 – The Prus ...
** Ron Clarke, Australian runner (d. 2015)
** King Harald V of Norway
** Jilly Cooper, English writer
* February 25
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
...
– Sir Tom Courtenay, English actor
March
* March 2 – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (d. 2021)
* March 3 – Bobby Driscoll, American child actor and voice actor (d. 1968)
* March 4
** Graham Dowling, New Zealand cricketer
** Yuri Senkevich, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2003)
* March 5 – Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria
* March 6 – Valentina Tereshkova, Russian cosmonaut, first woman in space
* March 8 – Juvénal Habyarimana, 3rd President of Rwanda (d. 1994)
* March 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.
* 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...
– Benny Paret, Cuban welterweight boxer (d. 1962)
* March 15 – Valentin Rasputin, Russian writer (d. 2015)
* March 18
** Aleksei Zasukhin, Soviet boxer (d. 1996)
** Rudi Altig, German road racing cyclist (d. 2016)
* March 22
** Armin Hary, German athlete
** Foo Foo Lammar, British drag queen (d. 2003)
** Peter Vogel (actor), Peter Vogel, German film actor (d. 1978)
* March 23 – Tony Burton, American actor (d. 2016)
* March 24 – Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, 4th Prime Minister of Barbados
* March 29
** Billy Carter, American farmer, businessman, brewer, and politician (d. 1988)
** Smarck Michel, 6th Prime Minister of Haiti (d. 2012)
* March 30 – Warren Beatty, American actor and director
April
* April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Kom ...
– Mohammad Hamid Ansari, Indian politician, 12th Vice President of India
* April 4 – Obed Dlamini, 6th Prime Minister of Swaziland (d. 2017)
* April 5
** Colin Powell, American politician (d. 2021)
** Guido Vildoso, 59th President of Bolivia
* April 6
** Merle Haggard, American country musician (d. 2016)
** Billy Dee Williams, African-American actor
* April 10 – Bella Akhmadulina, Russian poet (d. 2010)
* April 17 – Ferdinand Piëch, Austrian engineer, business magnate (d. 2019)
* April 19
** Antonio Carluccio, Italian-born restaurateur (d. 2017)
** Joseph Estrada, Filipino actor and politician, 13th President of the Philippines
* April 20 – George Takei, Japanese-American actor, director and author (''Star Trek'')
* April 22 – Jack Nicholson, American film actor and director
* April 24
** Viktor Zubkov, Russian basketball player (d. 2016)
** Joe Henderson, American jazz tenor saxophonist (d. 2001)
* April 26 – Jean-Pierre Beltoise, French racing driver (d. 2015)
* April 27 – Sandy Dennis, American actress (d. 1992)
* April 28 – Saddam Hussein, 5th President of Iraq (d. 2006)
May
* May 2 – Lorenzo Music, American actor, voice actor, writer, producer and musician (d. 2001)
* May 4 – Dick Dale, American guitarist (d. 2019)
* May 6 – Rubin Carter, Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, African-American boxer (d. 2014)
* May 8
Events Pre-1600
* 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin.
* 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...
** Carlos Gaviria Díaz, Colombian justice, politician
** Thomas Pynchon, American writer
* May 9 – Rafael Moneo, Spanish architect
* May 11 – Ildikó Újlaky-Rejtő, Hungarian Olympic and world champion foil fencer
* May 12 – George Carlin, American stand-up comedian (d. 2008)
* May 13 – Roger Zelazny, American writer (d. 1995)
* May 15
** Madeleine Albright, Czechoslovakian-born American politician and diplomat (d. 2022)
** Trini Lopez, American singer, guitarist, and actor (d. 2020)
* May 16
** Yvonne Craig, American actress (''Batman (TV series), Batman'') (d. 2015)
** Robert B. Wilson, American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate
* May 18 – Jacques Santer, Luxembourg politician, 20th Prime Minister of Luxembourg
* May 21
** Ricardo Alarcón, Cuban politician (d. 2022)
** Sofiko Chiaureli, Georgian actress (d. 2008)
** Mengistu Haile Mariam, President of Ethiopia
* May 22 – Facundo Cabral, Argentine singer (d. 2011)
June
* June 1
** Morgan Freeman, African-American actor
** Colleen McCullough, Australian author (d. 2015)
** Ezio Pascutti, Italian footballer (d. 2017)
* June 7 – Neeme Järvi, Estonian conductor
* June 8
Events Pre-1600
* 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus.
* 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...
– Bruce McCandless II, American astronaut (d. 2017)
* June 11 – Robin Warren, Australian pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* June 12 – Vladimir Arnold, Soviet-Russian mathematician (d. 2010)
* June 13 – Raj Reddy, Indian computer scientist
* June 15 – Waylon Jennings, American country singer (d. 2002)
* June 16
** Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Tsar of Bulgaria (1943-1946), 48th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2001-2005)
** Erich Segal, American author, screenwriter, and educator (d. 2010)
* June 18
** Ronald Venetiaan, 6th and 8th President of Suriname
** Vitaly Zholobov, Soviet cosmonaut
* June 19 – André Glucksmann, French philosopher, author (d. 2015)
* June 23 – Martti Ahtisaari, 10th President of Finland
* June 25
** Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait
** Keizō Obuchi, 54th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2000)
* June 26 – Robert Coleman Richardson, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
July
* July 2 – Richard Petty, American stock car racer, 7-time NASCAR Winston Cup champion
* July 3 – Tom Stoppard, Czech-born British playwright and screenwriter
* July 4 – Queen Sonja of Norway
* July 5 – Jo de Roo, Dutch road racing cyclist
* July 6
** Vladimir Ashkenazy, Russian pianist
** Ned Beatty, American actor (d. 2021)
** Michael Sata, 5th President of Zambia (d. 2014)
* July 7
** Lars-Erik Larsson (rower), Lars-Erik Larsson, Swedish rowing coxswain
** Nanami Shiono, Japanese author, novelist
** Tung Chee-hwa, Hong Kong businessman and politician
** Giovanni Arrighi, Italian economist, sociologist and world-systems analyst (d. 2009)
* July 9
Events Pre-1600
*118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome.
* 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
– David Hockney, English-born artist
* July 12
** Bill Cosby, African-American actor, comedian, educator and convicted sex offender
** Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France
* July 14 – Yoshirō Mori, 55th Prime Minister of Japan
* July 17 – Jaberi Bidandi Ssali, Ugandan politician, businessman
* July 18
** Roald Hoffmann, Polish-born chemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel laureate
** Hunter S. Thompson, American author and journalist (d. 2005)
* July 24 – Manoj Kumar, Indian actor and director
* July 27 – Mirko Marjanović, 63rd Prime Minister of Serbia (d. 2006)
* July 29
** Ryutaro Hashimoto, 53rd Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2006)
** Daniel McFadden, American economist and Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel laureate
August
* August 2
Events Pre-1600
*338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.
*216 BC – The Carthaginian arm ...
– María Duval, Mexican actress and singer
* August 3 – Andrés Gimeno, Spanish tennis player (d. 2019)
* August 5
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty.
* 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...
– Manuel Pinto da Costa, Santoméan politician, 1st List of Presidents of São Tomé and Príncipe, President of São Tomé and Príncipe
* August 6 – Charlie Haden, American jazz bassist (d. 2014)
* August 8 – Dustin Hoffman, American actor, director (''The Graduate'')
* August 11 – Dieter Kemper, German cyclist (d. 2018)
* August 15 – Bounnhang Vorachith, 14th Prime Minister, 6th President of Laos
* August 18 – Jean Alingué Bawoyeu, Chadian politician, former Prime Minister
* August 21
** Donald Dewar, First Minister of Scotland (d. 2000)
** Gustavo Noboa, President of Ecuador (d. 2021)
* August 22
** Rima Melati, Indonesian actress and singer (d. 2022)
** Francesco Musso, Italian Olympic boxer
* August 26 – Gennady Yanayev, former Soviet leader (d. 2010)
* August 27 – Alice Coltrane, African-American jazz harpist, organist, pianist and composer (d. 2007)
* August 30 – Bruce McLaren, New Zealand founder of McLaren Racing (d. 1970)
September
* September 1 – Francisco Pinto Balsemão, Portuguese politician, 111th Prime Minister of Portugal
* September 4 – Dawn Fraser, Australian swimmer
* September 5 – Antonio Angelillo, Italian-Argentine footballer (d. 2018)
* September 6 - Jo Anne Worley, American Actress, Comedienne and singer
* September 7 – John Phillip Law, American actor (d. 2008)
* September 9 – Alí Rodríguez Araque, Venezuelan politician, lawyer and diplomat (d. 2018)
* September 10 – Jared Diamond, American geographer, anthropologist, and author
* September 11 – Paola Ruffo di Calabria, Italian-born Queen of the Belgians
* September 15
** Robert Lucas Jr., American economist and Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel laureate
** Fernando de la Rúa, Argentine politician, 43rd President of Argentina (d. 2019)
* September 20 – Monica Zetterlund, Swedish singer and actress (d. 2005)
* September 26 – Jerry Weintraub, American film producer and talent agent (d. 2015)
* September 28 – Bob Schul, American Olympic athlete
* September 30 – Daniel Filho, Brazilian film producer, director, actor, and screenwriter
October
* October 2 – Johnnie Cochran, African-American attorney (d. 2005)
* October 4
** Jackie Collins, English author (d. 2015)
** Franz Vranitzky, 19th Chancellor of Austria
* October 11 – Bobby Charlton, English footballer
* October 19 – Teresa Ciepły, Polish Olympic athlete (d. 2006)
* October 20 – Wanda Jackson, American singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist
* October 21 – Édith Scob, French film and theatre actress (d. 2019)
* October 22 – Kader Khan, Afghan-born Indian-Canadian film actor, screenwriter, comedian, and director (d. 2018)
* October 28 – Lenny Wilkens, American basketball player and coach
* October 30 – Ashaari Mohammad, Malaysian spiritual leader (d. 2010)
* October 31 – Tom Paxton, American folk singer, songwriter
November
* November 4 – Loretta Swit, American actress (''M*A*S*H'') * November 5 – Chan Sek Keong, third Chief Justice of Singapore * November 8 – Dragoslav Šekularac, Serbian footballer and manager (d. 2019) * November 15 – Little Willie John, African-American R&B singer (d. 1968) * November 17 – Peter Cook, English comedian, writer and actor (d. 1995) * November 20 – Eero Mäntyranta, Finnish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2013) * November 21 ** Ingrid Pitt, Polish-born British actress (d. 2010) ** Marlo Thomas, American actress, producer and social activist (''That Girl'') **Ferenc Kósa, Hungarian film director (d. 2018) * November 25 – Serikbolsyn Abdildin, Kazakh economist and politician (d. 2019) * November 26 – Boris Yegorov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 1994) * November 30 – Ridley Scott, British film director, producerDecember
* December 1 – Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia
* December 3 – Francisco Xavier do Amaral, 1st President of East Timor (d. 2012)
* December 6 – Ramon Torrents, Spanish artist
* December 8
** James MacArthur, American actor (d. 2010)
** Arne Næss Jr., Norwegian mountaineer, businessman (d. 2004)
* December 12
** Connie Francis, American singer
** Michael Jeffery, 24th Governor-General of Australia (d. 2020)
* December 17 – Sergio Jiménez, Mexican actor (d. 2007)
* December 18 – Sami-ul-Haq, Pakistani cleric, politician (d. 2018)
* December 21 – Jane Fonda, American actress and activist
* December 26 – John Horton Conway, English-born mathematician (d. 2020)
* December 28 – Ratan Tata, Indian industrialist
* December 29 – Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
* December 30 – Gordon Banks, English footballer (d. 2019)
* December 31
** Avram Hershko, Israeli biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
** Anthony Hopkins, Welsh actor
** Milutin Šoškić, Serbian footballer (d. 2022)
Deaths
January
* January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Indian spiritual teacher (b. 1874)
** John Gresham Machen, American Presbyterian theologian (b. 1881)
* January 2 – Ross Alexander, American actor (b. 1907)
* January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Turckh ...
** Alberto de Oliveira, Brazilian poet (b. 1857)
** Ernst Löfström, Finnish general of World War I (b. 1865)
* January 6
** André Bessette, Canadian religious leader, saint (b. 1845)
** Albert Gleaves, American admiral (b. 1858)
* January 13 – Martin and Osa Johnson, Martin Johnson, American adventurer, documentary filmmaker (plane crash) (b. 1884)
* January 15
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months.
* 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
** Pietro Biginelli, Italian chemist (b. 1860)
** Georges Hilaire Bousquet, French scholar (b. 1845)
* January 16 – Pyotr Bark, Soviet statesman (b. 1869)
* January 17 – Richard Boleslawski, Polish film director (b. 1889)
* January 18 – Jaime Hilario Barbal, Spanish Roman Catholic religious professed and saint (executed) (b. 1889)
* January 21
** Yasin al-Hashimi, Iraqi politician and 4th Prime Minister of Iraq (b. 1884)
** Marie Prevost, Canadian actress (b. 1896)
* January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
*1264 & ...
– Orso Mario Corbino, Italian physicist, politician (b. 1876)
February
* February 1 – Asano Nagakoto, Japanese diplomat, politician (b. 1842)
* February 2 – Reinhold Hanisch, Austrian politician, worker (b. 1884)
* February 5
** Lou Andreas-Salomé, Russian-born writer (b. 1861)
** José Nicoletti Filho, Italian revolutionary hero (b. 1871)
* February 7 – Elihu Root, American statesman, diplomat and Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1845)
* February 11
** Walter Burley Griffin, American architect, town planner (b. 1876)
** Vasily Gurko, Russian general (b. 1864)
** Maria Luisa Josefa, Mexican Roman Catholic nun and venerable (b. 1866)
** Peter of Jesus Maldonado, Mexican priest, martyr and saint (b. 1892)
* February 14
** Vicente Vilar David, Spanish Roman Catholic priest, saint and martyr (killed in battle) (b. 1889)
** Erkki Melartin, Finnish composer (b. 1875)
* February 17 – George Hassell (actor), George Hassell, English actor (b. 1881)
* February 19
Events Pre-1600
* 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies.
* 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...
– Horacio Quiroga, Uruguayan writer (b. 1878)
* February 20
Events Pre-1600
*1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
*1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...
– Percy Cox, Sir Percy Cox, British army general and colonial administrator (b.1864)
* February 24
** Vladimir Lipsky, Soviet scientist, botanist (b. 1863)
** Beyene Merid, Ethiopian military commander (b. 1897)
** Guy Standing (actor), Sir Guy Standing, British actor (b. 1873)
* February 27
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity.
* 425 – The University of Constantinople ...
** Douglas Carnegie, British politician (b. 1870)
** Charles Donnelly (poet), Charles Donnelly, Irish poet (killed in battle) (b. 1915)
March
* March 6 – John Ellis Martineau, American politician (b. 1873)
* March 7 – Concepción Cabrera de Armida, Mexican Roman Catholic mystic and blessed (b. 1862)
* March 8
** Yuriy Kotsiubynsky, Soviet politician, activist (b. 1896)
** Howie Morenz, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902)
* March 9 – Paul Elmer More, American critic, essayist (b. 1864)
* March 11 – Joseph S. Cullinan, American oil industrialist, founder of ''Texaco'' (b. 1860)
* March 12
** Jenő Hubay, Hungarian composer, violinist (b. 1858)
** Charles-Marie Widor, French organist, composer (b. 1844)
* March 13 – Elihu Thomson, English-American engineer and inventor, co-founder of General Electric (b. 1853)
* March 15 – H. P. Lovecraft, American writer (b. 1890)
* March 16 – Austen Chamberlain, Sir Austen Chamberlain, British statesman, Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1863)
* March 18
** Mélanie Bonis, French composer (b. 1858)
** Felix Graf von Bothmer, German general (b. 1852)
** Julio Sanchez Gardel, Argentine dramatist (b. 1870)
* March 20
** Arthur Bernède, French writer, poet and playwright (b. 1870)
** Harry Vardon, English golf professional (b. 1870)
* March 22
** Thorvald Aagaard, Danish composer (b. 1877)
** Alfred Dyke Acland, British military officer (b. 1858)
** Vladimir Maksimov (actor), Vladimir Maksimov, Soviet actor (b. 1880)
** Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford, British aviator, ornithologist (plane crash) (b. 1865)
* March 25 – John Drinkwater (playwright), John Drinkwater, British poet, dramatist (b. 1882)
* March 27 – Victor Gustav Bloede (chemist), Victor Gustav Bloede, Swedish chemist (b. 1849)
* March 28 – Josef Klička, Czechoslovak organist, violinist and composer (b. 1855)
* March 29
** Fyodor Keneman, Soviet pianist, composer (b. 1873)
** Karol Szymanowski, Polish composer (b. 1882)
** Kim You-jeong, Korean novelist (b. 1908)
* March 31 – Ahmed Izzet Pasha, Turkish general (b. 1864)
April
* April 2 – Nathan Birnbaum, Austrian writer, journalist (b. 1864)
* April 4
** Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco (b. 1875)
** Maria Teresa Casini, Italian Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1864)
* April 5 – Jose Benlliure y Gil, Spanish painter (b. 1858)
* April 6 – Gyula Juhász (poet), Gyula Juhász, Hungarian poet (b. 1883)
* April 7 – Helen Burgess, American actress (b. 1916)
* April 8 – Billy Bassett, English association footballer (b. 1869)
* April 10
** Ralph Ince, American film director (b. 1887)
** Shridhar Venkatesh Ketkar, Indian sociologist, historian (b. 1884)
* April 14 – Ned Hanlon (baseball), Ned Hanlon, American baseball manager, MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1857)
* April 16 – Jay Johnson Morrow, American military engineer, politician and 3rd Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (b. 1870)
* April 19
** Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington, British art critic, mountaineer (b. 1856)
** William Morton Wheeler, American entomologist (b. 1865)
* April 20
** Gaston Chérau, French journalist (b. 1872)
** Josef Mařatka, Czech sculptor (b. 1874)
* April 21 – Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (b. 1913)
* April 22 – Arthur Edmund Carewe, Armenian-American actor (b. 1884)
* April 23 – Caroline Harris, American actress (b. 1867)
* April 24 – Lucy Beaumont (actress), Lucy Beaumont, British actress (b. 1869)
* April 25 – Michał Drzymała, Polish rebel (b. 1857)
* April 27 – Antonio Gramsci, Italian Communist writer, politician (b. 1891)
* April 29
** Wallace Carothers, American chemist, inventor of nylon (b. 1896)
** William Gillette, American actor (b. 1853)
May
* May 1
** Snitz Edwards, Hungarian actor (b. 1868)
** Herbert Hughes (composer), Herbert Hughes, Irish composer (b. 1882)
* May 2 – Takuji Iwasaki, Japanese meteorologist (b. 1869)
* May 4 – Noel Rosa, Brazilian songwriter (b. 1910)
* May 5
** Camillo Berneri, Italian philosopher, anarchist (b. 1897)
** C.K.G. Billings, American horseman (b. 1861)
* May 7 – Ernst A. Lehmann, German captain of the ''LZ 129 Hindenburg, Hindenburg'' (b. 1886)
* May 9
** Harry Barton (architect), Harry Barton, American architect (b. 1876)
** Maurice Conner, Canadian politician (b. 1868)
* May 10 – James Blindell, Sir James Blindell, British politician (b. 1884)
* May 11
** Afonso Costa, Portuguese lawyer, professor, politician and 3-time Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1871)
** Ellen Hansell, American tennis champion (b. 1869)
* May 15 – Percy Lee Gassaway, American politician (b. 1885)
* May 23 – John D. Rockefeller, American industrialist, philanthropist (b. 1839)
* May 24
** Luis F. Álvarez, Spanish physician (b. 1853)
** Francis Bird (architect), Francis Bird, Australian architect (b. 1845)
* May 25 – Henry Ossawa Tanner, American artist (b. 1859)
* May 26 – Bertha May Crawford, Canadian opera singer (b. 1886)
* May 28 – Alfred Adler, Austrian psychologist (b. 1870)
* May 29 – Lizardo García, 17th President of Ecuador (b. 1844)
June
* June 2 – Louis Vierne, French composer (b. 1870)
* June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Philippikos Ba ...
** Hugo Hammarskjöld, Swedish public servant, politician (b. 1845)
** Emilio Mola, Spanish Nationalist commander (plane crash) (b. 1887)
* June 4
** Fernand Cabrol, French theologian (b. 1855)
** Keke Geladze, mother of Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
, Leader of the Soviet Union (b. 1858)
* June 7 – Jean Harlow, American actress (b. 1911)
* June 10
** Jane Foss Barff, American activist (b. 1863)
** Robert Borden, Sir Robert Borden, Canadian lawyer, politician and 8th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1854)
** Malcolm Williams (actor), Malcolm Williams, American actor (b. 1870)
* June 12 – Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Soviet Army officer, Red Army commander-in-chief (executed) (b. 1893)
* June 16 – Alexander Chervyakov, Leader of the Soviet Union (b. 1892)
* June 18
** Pierre Bodard, French painter (b. 1881)
** Gaston Doumergue, 60th Prime Minister of France, 13th President of France (b. 1863)
* June 19 – J. M. Barrie, British novelist, dramatist (b. 1860)
* June 20 – Andreu Nin Pérez, Spanish politician (b. 1892)
* June 25
** Colin Clive, British actor (b. 1900)
** Marta Cunningham, American opera singer (b. 1869)
* June 26 – Minoru Murata, Japanese actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1894)
* June 27 – Sandro Akhmeteli, Soviet director (b. 1866)
* June 28 – Max Adler (Marxist), Max Adler, Austrian Marxist theorist (b. 1873)
July
* July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
** Ilya Garkavyi, Soviet general (b. 1888)
** Matvei Vasilenko, Soviet komkor (b. 1888)
* July 2 – Amelia Earhart
Amelia Mary Earhart ( , born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937; declared dead January 5, 1939) was an American aviation pioneer and writer. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She set many oth ...
, American aviator (missing on this date) (b. 1897)
* July 3 – Boris Gorbachyov, Soviet general (b. 1892)
* July 6
** Bohdan Ihor Antonych, Soviet poet (b. 1909)
** Ernesto Badini, Italian opera singer (b. 1876)
* July 7 – Åke Hammarskjöld, Swedish diplomat, lawyer (b. 1893)
* July 8 – Diana Abgar, Armenian diplomat (b. 1859)
* July 9
Events Pre-1600
*118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome.
* 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
– Oliver Law, American labor organizer, Army officer (killed in Spanish Civil War) (b. 1899)
* July 10 – Arthur Edmund Seaman, American professor and museum curator (b. 1858)
* July 11
** George Gershwin, American composer (b. 1898)
** Rodrigues Ottolengui, American writer (b. 1861)
* July 12 – Hugo Charteris, 11th Earl of Wemyss, British politician, public servant (b. 1857)
* July 13
** Mykhailo Boychuk, Soviet painter (b. 1882)
** Victor Laloux, French architect (b. 1850)
* July 14
** Julius Meier, American businessman, politician (b. 1874)
** Joseph Taylor Robinson, American politician (b. 1872)
* July 15 – Walter Gay, American painter (b. 1856)
* July 16 – Vladimir Kirillov, Soviet poet (b. 1889)
* July 17
** Annie Furuhjelm, Finnish feminist activist, politician (b. 1859)
** Percy Gardner, British archaeologist (b. 1846)
* July 18
** Julian Bell, British poet (killed in Spanish Civil War) (b. 1908)
** Grigol Giorgadze, Soviet historian, jurist and politician (b. 1879)
* July 20 – Guglielmo Marconi, Italian-born American inventor (b. 1874)
* July 22
Events Pre-1600
* 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
*1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
** Nazzareno Formosa, American Roman Catholic priest and reverend (b. 1901)
** Paolo Iashvili, Soviet poet (b. 1894)
* July 23 – Varnava, Serbian Patriarch (b. 1880)
* July 31
Events Pre-1600
*30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
* 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Tr ...
– Noë Bloch, Soviet producer (b. 1875)
August
* August 5
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty.
* 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...
– Jean Louis Conneau, French aviator (b. 1880)
* August 6
** Adeodato Barreto, Portuguese poet (b. 1905)
** F. C. S. Schiller, German-British philosopher (b. 1864)
* August 8 – Martin Rázus, Czechoslovakian poet, writer and politician (b. 1888)
* August 9 – Na Woon-gyu, Korean actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1902)
* August 11 – Edith Wharton, American writer (b. 1862)
* August 13 – Sigizmund Levanevsky, Soviet aircraft pilot (b. 1902)
* August 19
** Alexander Hotovitzky, Russian Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox priest, missionary and saint (b. 1872)
** Asaichi Isobe, Japanese army officer (b. 1905)
** Ivan Kataev, Russian novelist, writer (b. 1902)
* August 22
** Owen Burns (developer), Owen Burns, American entrepreneur (b. 1869)
** Gelegdorjiin Demid, Russian political military figure (b. 1900)
* August 24 – Gervase Beckett, British politician (b. 1866)
* August 26
** Christos Christovasilis, Greek journalist, author (b. 1861)
** Andrew Mellon, American banker, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1855)
* August 30
** Gaetano Bisleti, Italian cardinal (b. 1856)
** Tomás António Garcia Rosado, Portuguese general (b. 1854)
*August 31 – Ruth Baldwin (died 1937), Ruth Baldwin, British socialite (b. 1905)
September
* September 2
** Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, Indian revolutionary hero (b. 1880)
** Pierre de Coubertin, 2nd President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1863)
* September 3 – François Guiguet, French painter (b. 1860)
* September 4
** Daniel Alexander Cameron, Canadian politician (b. 1870)
** Juan Campisteguy, Uruguayan lawyer, soldier and 25th President of Uruguay (b. 1859)
* September 5 – David Hendricks Bergey, American bacteriologist (b. 1860)
* September 6 – Harry Charles Purvis Bell, British civil servant, commissioner (b. 1851)
* September 8 – Frank Alexander (actor), Frank Alexander, American actor (b. 1879)
* September 9
** Mikhail Diterikhs, Russian general (b. 1874)
** Géza Horváth, Hungarian doctor, entomologist (b. 1847)
* September 11 – Nazmi Ziya Güran, Turkish painter (b. 1881)
* September 13 – Ellis Parker Butler, American humorist (b. 1869)
* September 14 – Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Czechoslovakian politician, sociologist, philosopher and 1st President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1850)
* September 15
** Anders Bundgaard, Danish sculptor (b. 1864)
** Clifford Heatherley, British actor (b. 1888)
* September 20
** Maksymilian Horwitz, Polish socialist, communist activist (b. 1877)
** Lev Karakhan, Soviet revolutionary hero, diplomat (b. 1889)
* September 21 – Osgood Perkins, American actor (b. 1892)
* September 23 – Cleto González Víquez, 18th and 26th President of Costa Rica (b. 1858)
* September 22 – Ruth Roland, American actress (b. 1892)
* September 26
** Bessie Smith, African-American blues singer (b. 1894)
** Edward Filene, United States, American businessman, philanthropist (b. 1860)
* September 27 – Alikhan Bukeikhanov, Kazakh statesman, politician, publicist, teacher, writer and Prime Minister of Alash Autonomy (b. 1866)
* September 29 – Ray Ewry, American Olympic athlete (b. 1873)
October
* October 1 – Prince Kuni Taka of Japan (b. 1875)
* October 3
** Baden Baden-Powell, American aviator pioneer (b. 1860)
** Richard Hertwig, German zoologist (b. 1850)
* October 6 – Angelo Musco (actor), Angelo Musco, Italian actor (b. 1872)
* October 9
** August de Boeck, Flemish composer (b. 1865)
** Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, German prince (b. 1868)
* October 10 – Peter of Krutitsy, Soviet Orthodox priest, martyr and metropolitan (b. 1862)
* October 11 – Emma E. Bower, American physician, club-woman, and newspaperwoman (b. 1852)
* October 13 – Kazimierz Nowak, Polish traveller (b. 1897)
* October 14 – Salvatore Micalizzi, Italian Roman Catholic priest and venerable (b. 1856)
* October 15 – James Marcus (American actor), James Marcus, American actor (b. 1867)
* October 16
** Jean de Brunhoff, French writer (b. 1899)
** William Sealy Gosset, English chemist and statistician (b. 1876)
* October 17
** J. Bruce Ismay, English businessman (b. 1862)
** Antônio Parreiras, Brazilian painter, illustrator (b. 1860)
* October 19
** Pedro Chutró, Argentine physician (b. 1880)
** Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand physicist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry recipient (b. 1871)
* October 23 – Nikolai Klyuev, Russian poet (b. 1884)
* October 26 – Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki, Polish general (b. 1867)
* October 27
** Joseph-Félix Bouchor, French painter (b. 1853)
** Abdul Karim Khan, Indian classical singer (b. 1872)
* October 29 – Kazimierz Cichowski, Polish-born Soviet politician (b. 1887)
* October 30
** Mendel Khatayevich, Soviet politician (b. 1893)
** Ivan Zhukov, Soviet politician (b. 1889)
November
* November 1 – Ivar Bauck, Norwegian general (b. 1863)
* November 2 – Félix Gaffiot, French philologist (b. 1870)
* November 4
** William Bennett (English politician), William Bennett, British politician (b. 1873)
** Alfred Walter Campbell, Australian neurologist (b. 1868)
** Gustav Gärtner, Austrian pathologist (b. 1855)
** Emil Hassler, Swiss physician, botanist (b. 1864)
* November 5 – Naoe Kinoshita, Japanese Christian socialist (b. 1869)
* November 6 – Johnston Forbes-Robertson, Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson, British stage actor (b. 1853)
* November 8
**Francis de Croisset, Belgian-born French playwright (b. 1877)
**Giovanni De Briganti, Italian aviator (b. 1892)
* November 9 – Ramsay MacDonald, British statesman, 2-time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pr ...
(b. 1866)
* November 10 – Nikolai Batalov, Soviet actor (b. 1899)
* November 11 – Uryū Sotokichi, Japanese admiral (b. 1857)
* November 13 – Mrs. Leslie Carter (Caroline Louise Dudley), American actress (b. 1857)
* November 15 – Eero Järnefelt, Finnish realist painter (b. 1863)
* November 16
** Némèse Garneau, Canadian politician (b. 1847)
** Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark, wife of Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse, Hereditary Grand Duke Georg Donatus of Hesse, and sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (b. 1911)
* November 17 – Jack Worrall, Australian cricketer, coach (b. 1860)
* November 20 – Metropolitan Joseph (Petrovykh) of the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
(b. 1872)
* November 23
** Miklós Kovács (poet), Miklós Kovács, Hungarian-born Yugoslav poet (b. 1857)
** Jagadish Chandra Bose, Indian physicist (b. 1858)
** George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (b. 1858)
* November 25
** Aleksandr Glagolev, Russian Orthodox priest, religious philosopher and saint (b. 1872)
** Alessandro Padoa, Italian mathematician (b. 1868)
** Raymond Stanton Patton, American admiral, engineer and second Director of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (b. 1882)
* November 26 – Peljidiin Genden, Mongolian political figure, 9th Prime Minister of Mongolia and 2nd President of Mongolia (b. 1892)
* November 27
** Vsevolod Balitsky, Leader of the Soviet Union (b. 1892)
** Eero Haapalainen, Finnish Communist leader, activist (b. 1880)
** Felix Hamrin, 22nd Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1875)
** Vasyl Lypkivsky, Soviet Orthodox priest, metropolitan (b. 1864)
** Wilhelm Weinberg, German physician (b. 1862)
* November 28 – Magnús Guðmundsson, Icelandic politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1879)
December
* December 1 – Rao Guohua, Chinese general of the National Revolutionary Army (b. 1894)
* December 2 – Josep Comas i Solà, Andorran astronomer (b. 1868)
* December 3
** Attila József, Hungarian poet (b. 1905)
** Prosper Poullet, Belgian politician, 26th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1868)
** Yue Yiqin, Chinese flying ace (b. 1914)
* December 4
** Ralph Lewis (actor), Ralph Lewis, American actor (b. 1872)
** Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, Indian politician and educationist (b. 1863)
* December 8
** Hans Molisch, Czech-Austrian botanist (b. 1856)
** Akhmet Baitursynov, Kazakh poet, politician, turkologist (b. 1872)
* December 9
** Lilias Armstrong, British phonetician (b. 1882)
** Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)
* December 10 – Robert Bolder, British actor (b. 1859)
* December 12 – Alfred Abel, German actor (b. 1879)
* December 14 – Fabián de la Rosa, Filipino painter (b. 1869)
* December 16 – Giorgi Mazniashvili, Soviet general (b. 1870)
* December 17 – Dimitrie Călugăreanu, Romanian physician, naturalist and physiologist (b. 1868)
* December 18 – Robert Worth Bingham, American politician (b. 1871)
* December 20 – Erich Ludendorff, German general (b. 1865)
* December 21
** Meliton Balanchivadze, Soviet composer (b. 1862)
** Ted Healy, American actor (b. 1896)
** Frank B. Kellogg, United States Secretary of State, Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1856)
* December 22 – Joseph Darby (jumper), Joseph Darby, British jumper (b. 1861)
* December 23 – Osman Nuri Hadžić, Bosnian writer (b. 1869)
* December 25 – Newton D. Baker, 37th Mayor of Cleveland, Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, United States Secretary of War (b. 1871)
* December 27 – Coote Hedley, Sir Coote Hedley, British army officer and sportsman (b. 1865)
* December 28
** Herbert Bullmore, Scottish Rugby Union international player, grandfather of Kerry Packer (b. 1874)
** Maurice Ravel, French composer (''Boléro'') (b. 1875)
** Algernon Thomas, Sir Algernon Thomas, New Zealand scientist (b. 1857)
* December 29
** Frederik Beichmann, Norwegian jurist (b. 1859)
** Don Marquis, American poet (b. 1878)
* December 30 – Hans Niels Andersen, Danish businessman, founder of the East Asiatic Company (b. 1852)
* December 31 – Dezső Czigány, Hungarian painter (b. 1883)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Clinton Joseph Davisson, George Paget Thomson * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Walter Haworth, Paul Karrer * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Albert Szent-Györgyi, Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Roger Martin du Gard * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, Robert CecilReferences
Links
1937 WWII Timeline
– from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia {{DEFAULTSORT:1937 1937,