Events
January
*
January 7
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting.
* 1325 – Alfonso IV ...
– Italian premier
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 194 ...
and French Foreign Minister
Pierre Laval
Pierre Jean Marie Laval (; 28 June 1883 – 15 October 1945) was a French politician. During the Third Republic, he served as Prime Minister of France from 27 January 1931 to 20 February 1932 and 7 June 1935 to 24 January 1936. He again occu ...
conclude
an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims.
*
January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
*1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned s ...
–
Amelia Earhart
Amelia Mary Earhart ( , born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937; declared dead January 5, 1939) was an American aviation pioneer and writer. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She set many oth ...
becomes the first person to successfully complete a solo flight from Hawaii to California, a distance of 2,408 miles.
*
January 13
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years.
* 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...
– A
plebiscite
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
in the
Territory of the Saar Basin
The Territory of the Saar Basin (german: Saarbeckengebiet, ; french: Territoire du bassin de la Sarre) was a region of Germany occupied and governed by the United Kingdom and France from 1920 to 1935 under a League of Nations mandate. It had its ...
shows that 90.3% of those voting wish to join Germany.
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
*1438 – The Cou ...
– The first canned
beer
Beer is one of the oldest and the most widely consumed type of alcoholic drink in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea. It is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches, mainly derived from ce ...
is sold in
Richmond, Virginia
(Thus do we reach the stars)
, image_map =
, mapsize = 250 px
, map_caption = Location within Virginia
, pushpin_map = Virginia#USA
, pushpin_label = Richmond
, pushpin_m ...
, United States, by
Gottfried Krueger Brewing Company
The Gottfried Krueger Brewing Company was a brewery in Newark, New Jersey founded by Gottfried Krueger and John Laible (Gottfried's Uncle) in 1858. The company produced Krueger's Special Beer, the first beer to be sold in cans, in November, 193 ...
.
February
*
February 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop.
1601–1900
* 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...
–
Parker Brothers
Parker Brothers (known by Parker outside of North America) was an American toy and game manufacturer which in 1991 became a brand of Hasbro. More than 1,800 games were published under the Parker Brothers name since 1883. Among its products wer ...
begins selling the
board game
Board games are tabletop games that typically use . These pieces are moved or placed on a pre-marked board (playing surface) and often include elements of table, card, role-playing, and miniatures games as well.
Many board games feature a comp ...
Monopoly
A monopoly (from Greek language, Greek el, μόνος, mónos, single, alone, label=none and el, πωλεῖν, pōleîn, to sell, label=none), as described by Irving Fisher, is a market with the "absence of competition", creating a situati ...
in the United States.
*
February 13
Events Pre-1600
* 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome.
*1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th.
*1462 – The ...
–
Richard Hauptmann
Bruno Richard Hauptmann (November 26, 1899 – April 3, 1936) was a German-born carpenter who was convicted of the abduction and murder of the 20-month-old son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and his wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh. The Lindbergh kidnap ...
is convicted and sentenced to death for the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh Jr. in the United States.
*
February 15
Events Pre-1600
* 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus
* 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia.
* 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
– The discovery and clinical development of
Prontosil
Prontosil is an antibacterial drug of the sulfonamide group. It has a relatively broad effect against gram-positive cocci but not against enterobacteria. One of the earliest antimicrobial drugs, it was widely used in the mid-20th century but is ...
, the first broadly effective
antibiotic
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of ...
, is published in a series of articles by
Gerhard Domagk
Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk (; 30 October 1895 – 24 April 1964) was a German pathologist and bacteriologist. He is credited with the discovery of sulfonamidochrysoidine (KL730) as an antibiotic for which he received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Phy ...
and others in Germany's pre-eminent medical journal, ''
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift
The ''Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift'' (''German Medical Weekly'') (''DMW'') is a German medical journal established in 1875 by Paul Börner. In the 1980s it was ranked 10th in the world in terms of its impact factor, but in the succeeding two ...
''.
*
February 26
Events Pre-1600
*747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events.
* 364 – Valentinian I is p ...
** In
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
,
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
orders reinstatement of the air force, the
Luftwaffe
The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German ''Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabtei ...
, in violation of the
1919
Events
January
* January 1
** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia.
** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the c ...
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (french: Traité de Versailles; german: Versailler Vertrag, ) was the most important of the peace treaties of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June ...
.
**
Robert Watson-Watt
Sir Robert Alexander Watson Watt (13 April 1892 – 5 December 1973) was a Scottish pioneer of radio direction finding and radar technology.
Watt began his career in radio physics with a job at the Met Office, where he began looking for accura ...
first demonstrates the use of
radar
Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (''ranging''), angle, and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, w ...
to detect aircraft, at
Daventry
Daventry ( , historically ) is a market town and civil parish in the West Northamptonshire unitary authority in Northamptonshire, England, close to the border with Warwickshire. At the 2021 Census Daventry had a population of 28,123, making ...
in the UK.
March
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
**
1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
The attempted coup d'état of March 1935 ( el, Κίνημα του 1935) was a Venizelist revolt against the People's Party government of Panagis Tsaldaris, which was suspected of pro-royalist tendencies.
The coup was headed by Nikolaos Plastira ...
:
Nikolaos Plastiras
Nikolaos Plastiras ( el, Νικόλαος Πλαστήρας; 4 November 1883 – 26 July 1953) was a Greek general and politician, who served thrice as Prime Minister of Greece. A distinguished soldier known for his personal bravery, he b ...
,
Anastasios Papoulas
Anastasios Papoulas ( el, Αναστάσιος Παπούλας; 1/13 January 1857 – 24 April 1935) was a Greek general, most notable as the Greek commander-in-chief during most of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–22. Originally a firm roya ...
and other
Venizelist
Venizelism ( el, Βενιζελισμός) was one of the major political movements in Greece from the 1900s until the mid-1970s.
Main ideas
Named after Eleftherios Venizelos, the key characteristics of Venizelism were:
*Greek irredentism: T ...
s lead a coup against the
People's Party government in Greece. The attempt is suppressed by March 11, and the leaders condemned to death for treason.
**
İsmet İnönü
Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish army officer and statesman of Kurdish descent, who served as the second President of Turkey from 11 November 1938 to 22 May 1950, and its Prime Minister three tim ...
forms the new government in
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
(the 8th government; during
Atatürk's presidency, İnönü has served seven times as a prime minister).
*
March 2
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his ''bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...
– King
Prajadhipok
Prajadhipok ( th, ประชาธิปก, RTGS: ''Prachathipok'', 8 November 1893 – 30 May 1941), also Rama VII, was the seventh monarch of Siam of the Chakri dynasty. His reign was a turbulent time for Siam due to political and ...
(Rama VII) of
Siam
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 mi ...
abdicates the throne; he is succeeded by his 9-year-old-nephew
Ananda Mahidol
Ananda Mahidol ( th, พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาอานันทมหิดล; ; 20 September 1925 – 9 June 1946), posthumous reigning title Phra Athamaramathibodin ( th, พระอั ...
(Rama VIII).
*
March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang.
*1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...
–
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
announces
German re-armament
German rearmament (''Aufrüstung'', ) was a policy and practice of rearmament carried out in Germany during the interwar period (1918–1939), in violation of the Treaty of Versailles which required German disarmament after WWI to prevent Germa ...
in violation of the
1919
Events
January
* January 1
** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia.
** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the c ...
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (french: Traité de Versailles; german: Versailler Vertrag, ) was the most important of the peace treaties of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June ...
.
*
March 19
Events Pre-1600
* 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
*1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends ...
–
Harlem riot of 1935
The Harlem riot of 1935 took place on March 19, 1935 in New York City, New York, in the United States. It has been described as the first "modern" race riot in Harlem, because it was committed primarily against property rather than persons. Harl ...
: A
race riot
This is a list of ethnic riots by country, and includes riots based on ethnic, sectarian, xenophobic, and racial conflict. Some of these riots can also be classified as pogroms.
Africa
Americas
United States
Nativist period: 1700s ...
breaks out in
Harlem
Harlem is a neighborhood in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It is bounded roughly by the Hudson River on the west; the Harlem River and 155th Street (Manhattan), 155th Street on the north; Fifth Avenue on the east; and 110th Street (Manhattan), ...
(New York City), after a rumor circulates that a teenage
Puerto Rican shoplifter
Shoplifting is the theft of goods from an open retail establishment, typically by concealing a store item on one's person, in pockets, under clothes or in a bag, and leaving the store without paying. With clothing, shoplifters may put on items ...
in the
S. H. Kress & Co. department store has been brutally beaten.
*
March 21
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...
–
Reza Shah
Reza Shah Pahlavi ( fa, رضا شاه پهلوی; ; originally Reza Khan (); 15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was an Iranian Officer (armed forces), military officer, politician (who served as Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (Iran), ...
of
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
asks the international community to formally adopt the name "Iran" to refer to the country, in place of the name "Persia".
*
March 22
Events Pre-1600
* 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea.
* 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
* 871 – Æthelr ...
– The world's first regular television program (by ''
Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow
The Fernsehsender "Paul Nipkow" (''TV Station Paul Nipkow'') in Berlin, Germany, was the first public television station in the world. Carrying programming from Deutscher Fernseh-Rundfunk, it was on the air from 22 March 1935, until it was shut ...
'') is transmitted from the
Funkturm
The Berliner Funkturm or Funkturm Berlin (Berlin Radio Tower) is a former broadcasting tower in Berlin. Constructed between 1924 and 1926 to designs by the architect Heinrich Straumer, it was inaugurated on 3 September 1926, on the occasion of ...
in Berlin, Germany.
April
*
April 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
–
Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s. The phenomenon was caused by a combination of both natural factors (severe drought) an ...
: "
Black Sunday", the great dust storm in the United States hits eastern
New Mexico
)
, population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano)
, seat = Santa Fe
, LargestCity = Albuquerque
, LargestMetro = Tiguex
, OfficialLang = None
, Languages = English, Spanish ( New Mexican), Navajo, Ker ...
and
Colorado
Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of t ...
, and western
Oklahoma
Oklahoma (; Choctaw language, Choctaw: ; chr, ᎣᎧᎳᎰᎹ, ''Okalahoma'' ) is a U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the nor ...
the hardest (it will be made famous by
Woody Guthrie
Woodrow Wilson Guthrie (; July 14, 1912 – October 3, 1967) was an American singer-songwriter, one of the most significant figures in American folk music. His work focused on themes of American socialism and anti-fascism. He has inspired ...
, in his "dust bowl ballads").
*
April 15
Events Pre-1600
* 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.
* 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...
– The
Roerich Pact
The Treaty on the Protection of Artistic and Scientific Institutions and Historic Monuments or Roerich Pact is an inter-American treaty. The most important idea of the Roerich Pact is the legal recognition that the defense of cultural objects is ...
, a Pan-American treaty on the protection of cultural artefacts, is signed in Washington, D.C.
*
April 17
Events Pre-1600
*1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.
*1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
–
Sun Myung Moon
Sun Myung Moon (; born Yong Myung Moon; 6 January 1920 – 3 September 2012) was a Korean religious leader, also known for his business ventures and support for conservative political causes. A messiah claimant, he was the founder of the Unif ...
, a teenage
Presbyterian
Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that broke from the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland by John Knox, who was a priest at St. Giles Cathedral (Church of Scotland). Presbyterian churches derive their nam ...
convert in
Korea under Japanese rule
Between 1910 and 1945, Korea was ruled as a part of the Empire of Japan. Joseon Korea had come into the Japanese sphere of influence with the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876; a complex coalition of the Meiji government, military, and business offic ...
, claims to have a revelation from
Jesus
Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious ...
, telling him to complete his mission from almost 2,000 years ago.
*
April 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty).
* 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy m ...
–
William Christian Bullitt Jr.
William Christian Bullitt Jr. (January 25, 1891 – February 15, 1967) was an American diplomat, journalist, and novelist. He is known for his special mission to negotiate with Lenin on behalf of the Paris Peace Conference, often recalled as a mi ...
, the
United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union
United may refer to:
Places
* United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community
* United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Arts and entertainment Films
* ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film
* ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two fi ...
, hosts the elaborately prepared
Spring Ball of the Full Moon, which is said to have surpassed all other embassy parties in Moscow's history.
*
April 27
Events Pre-1600
* 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''.
* 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...
–
Sheffield Wednesday
Sheffield Wednesday Football Club is a professional association football club based in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The team competes in League One, the third tier of the English football league system. Formed in 1867 as an offshoot of ...
beat
West Bromwich Albion
West Bromwich Albion Football Club () is an English professional football club based in West Bromwich, West Midlands, England. They compete in the EFL Championship, the second tier of English football. The club was formed in 1878 and has pla ...
4–2 at
Wembley Stadium
Wembley Stadium (branded as Wembley Stadium connected by EE for sponsorship reasons) is a football stadium in Wembley, London. It opened in 2007 on the site of the Wembley Stadium (1923), original Wembley Stadium, which was demolished from 200 ...
in England to win the
FA Cup final
The FA Cup Final, commonly referred to in England as just the Cup Final, is the last match in the FA Cup, Football Association Challenge Cup. It has regularly been one of the List of sports attendance figures, most attended domestic football ev ...
.
*
April 29
Events Pre-1600
*1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.
* 1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and beco ...
– The first edition of the
Vuelta a España
The Vuelta a España (; en, Tour of Spain) is an annual multi-stage bicycle race primarily held in Spain, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries. Inspired by the success of the Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia, the r ...
is raced, and goes on to become one of the 3
Grand Tour
The Grand Tour was the principally 17th- to early 19th-century custom of a traditional trip through Europe, with Italy as a key destination, undertaken by upper-class young European men of sufficient means and rank (typically accompanied by a tuto ...
s of road bicycle racing.
May
*
May 13
Events Pre-1600
*1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book '' Revelations of Divine Love''.
* 1501 – Amerigo Vespu ...
–
T. E. Lawrence
Thomas Edward Lawrence (16 August 1888 – 19 May 1935) was a British archaeologist, army officer, diplomat, and writer who became renowned for his role in the Arab Revolt (1916–1918) and the Sinai and Palestine Campaign (1915–1918 ...
("Lawrence of Arabia") is involved in a motorcycle accident, near his home in
Dorset
Dorset ( ; archaically: Dorsetshire , ) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the unitary authority areas of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole and Dorset (unitary authority), Dors ...
, England, resulting in his death a few days later.
*
May 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks.
*1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade.
* 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...
–
Northamptonshire County Cricket Club
Northamptonshire County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Northamptonshire. Its limited overs team is called the Northa ...
gains (over
Somerset
( en, All The People of Somerset)
, locator_map =
, coordinates =
, region = South West England
, established_date = Ancient
, established_by =
, preceded_by =
, origin =
, lord_lieutenant_office =Lord Lieutenant of Somerset
, lord_ ...
at Taunton by 48 runs) what proves to be their last victory for 99 matches, easily a record in the
County Championship
The County Championship (referred to as the LV= Insurance County Championship for sponsorship reasons) is the domestic first-class cricket competition in England and Wales and is organised by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB). It bec ...
. Their next Championship win is not until May 29, 1939.
*
May 15
Events Pre-1600
* 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty.
* 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...
–
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
opens the
Moscow Metro
The Moscow Metro) is a metro system serving the Russian capital of Moscow as well as the neighbouring cities of Krasnogorsk, Reutov, Lyubertsy and Kotelniki in Moscow Oblast. Opened in 1935 with one line and 13 stations, it was the first unde ...
to the public.
*
May 21
Events Pre-1600
* 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as ''Caesar (title), Caesar'' to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy.
* 878 – Syracuse, Sicily, is Siege of Syracuse ...
– In
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
,
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
announces the reintroduction of
conscription
Conscription (also called the draft in the United States) is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service, mainly a military service. Conscription dates back to antiquity and it continues in some countries to the present day un ...
to the
Wehrmacht
The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previous ...
, in violation of the
1919
Events
January
* January 1
** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia.
** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the c ...
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (french: Traité de Versailles; german: Versailler Vertrag, ) was the most important of the peace treaties of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June ...
.
*
May 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed.
* 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
* 1153 &ndash ...
– ''
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
''A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States'', 295 U.S. 495 (1935), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated regulations of the poultry industry according to the nondelegation doctrine and as an invalid use ...
'' (the "Sick Chicken Case"): The
Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
declares that the
National Industrial Recovery Act
The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) was a US labor law and consumer law passed by the 73rd US Congress to authorize the president to regulate industry for fair wages and prices that would stimulate economic recovery. It also e ...
, a major component of the
New Deal
The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939. Major federal programs agencies included the Civilian Cons ...
, is unconstitutional.
*
May 29
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
* 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
– The French
Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
The Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT, and commonly named "Transat"), typically known overseas as the French Line, was a French shipping company. Established in 1855 by the Péreire brothers, brothers Émile and Issac Péreire under the ...
ocean liner
An ocean liner is a passenger ship primarily used as a form of transportation across seas or oceans. Ocean liners may also carry cargo or mail, and may sometimes be used for other purposes (such as for pleasure cruises or as hospital ships).
Ca ...
sets out on her maiden voyage from
Le Havre
Le Havre (, ; nrf, Lé Hâvre ) is a port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the river Seine on the Channel southwest of the Pays de Caux, very cl ...
to New York, which she will reach in 4 days, 3 hours and 14 minutes, taking the
Blue Riband
The Blue Riband () is an unofficial accolade given to the passenger liner crossing the Atlantic Ocean in regular service with the record highest average speed. The term was borrowed from horse racing and was not widely used until after 1910. T ...
; she gains the eastbound record on her return passage.
*
May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...
**
1935 Quetta earthquake
Events
January
* January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims.
* January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...
: A 7.1 magnitude earthquake destroys
Quetta
Quetta (; ur, ; ; ps, کوټه) is the tenth List of cities in Pakistan by population, most populous city in Pakistan with a population of over 1.1 million. It is situated in Geography of Pakistan, south-west of the country close to the ...
in modern-day Pakistan, killing 40,000.
**
Twentieth Century Pictures
Twentieth Century Pictures, Inc. was an independent Hollywood motion picture production company created in 1933 by Joseph Schenck (the former president of United Artists) and Darryl F. Zanuck from Warner Bros. Financial backing came from Schenc ...
and
Fox Film Corporation
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American Independent film production studio formed by William Fox (1879–1952) in 1915, by combining his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attractions Film ...
combine to form
20th Century Fox Film Corporation
20th Century Studios, Inc. (previously known as 20th Century Fox) is an American film production company headquartered at the Fox Studio Lot in the Century City area of Los Angeles. As of 2019, it serves as a film production arm of Walt Disn ...
.
June
*
June 9
Events Pre-1600
* 411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy.
* 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia.
* 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending the J ...
–
He–Umezu Agreement
The () was a secret agreement between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China that was concluded on 10 June 1935, two years prior to the outbreak of general hostilities during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Background
Since 1931, Japan ha ...
: China's
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Tai ...
government concedes Japanese military control of north-eastern China.
*
June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
–
Alcoholics Anonymous
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an international mutual aid fellowship of alcoholics dedicated to abstinence-based recovery from alcoholism through its spiritually-inclined Twelve Step program. Following its Twelve Traditions, AA is non-professi ...
is founded in
Akron, Ohio
Akron () is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Summit County, Ohio, Summit County. It is located on the western edge of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau, about south of downtown Cleveland. As of the 2020 C ...
, United States, by
William G. Wilson
William Griffith Wilson (November 26, 1895 – January 24, 1971), also known as Bill Wilson or Bill W., was the co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).
AA is an international Social work with groups#Mutual aid, mutual aid fellowship with ab ...
and Dr. Bob Smith (doctor), Robert Smith.
* June 12 – The Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia ends.
* June 13 – James J. Braddock defeats Max Baer (boxer), Max Baer at Madison Square Garden Bowl, to win the heavyweight boxing championship of the world.
* June 18 – Anglo-German Naval Agreement: Britain agrees to a German navy equal to 35% of her own naval tonnage.
* June 24 – Carlos Gardel, the legendary Franco-Argentine "Father of Tango", dies in a plane crash in Medellín, Colombia.
July
* July 1 – sails from Southampton to Rosyth to be broken up.
* July 22 – Inauguration of the Brazilian radiophonic program ''A Voz do Brasil''.
* July 25–August 20 – The seventh and last congress of the Comintern is held.
August
* August 2 – The Government of India Act 1935, Government of India Act is passed by the British Parliament, making provision for the establishment of a "Federation of India" and a degree of autonomy.
* August 13 – An estimated 250 people are killed when a dam bursts near Ovada, Italy.
* August 14 – United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Social Security Act into law.
* August 16 – Representatives of France, Britain and Italy meet in Paris in an unsuccessful attempt to negotiate a solution to the Abyssinia Crisis.
September
* September 2 – 1935 Labor Day hurricane: The strongest hurricane ever to strike the United States landfalls in the Upper Florida Keys as a Category 5 storm with 185 mph winds, killing 423.
* September 3 – English driver Sir Malcolm Campbell becomes the first person to drive an automobile at 300 miles per hour in ''Campbell-Railton Blue Bird, Blue Bird'', establishing a new Land speed record, absolute land speed record of on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah.
* September 13 – American aviator Howard Hughes, flying the Hughes H-1 Racer, sets an Flight airspeed record, airspeed record of 352 mph (566 km/h).
* September 15 – The Nuremberg Laws go into effect in Germany, removing citizenship from Jews.
* September 17 – Manuel L. Quezon is elected 2nd President of the Philippines.
* September 24 – Earl W. Bascom and his brother Weldon produce the first night rodeo held outdoors under electric lights, at Columbia, Mississippi.
* September 29 – The London and North Eastern Railway's first LNER Class A4, A4 Class streamlined steam locomotive LNER Class A4 2509 Silver Link, A4 2509 ''Silver Link'' makes her inaugural journey, from London King's Cross railway station, London King's Cross.
* September 30
** U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicates the Hoover Dam.
** The London and North Eastern Railway commences the ''Silver Jubilee (train), Silver Jubilee'', Britain's first Streamliner, streamline train service.
October
* October 2–October 3, 3 – The Second Italo-Ethiopian War begins, as Italian General Emilio De Bono De Bono's invasion of Abyssinia, invades Ethiopia.
* October 10 – A tornado destroys the 160 metre tall wooden Radio masts and towers, radio tower in Langenberg transmission tower, Langenberg, Germany. As a result of this catastrophe, wooden radio towers are phased out.
* October 14 – 1935 Canadian federal election: The Liberal Party of Canada, Liberal Party of William Lyon Mackenzie King wins a majority government, defeating the Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942), Conservative Party of Prime Minister of Canada, Prime Minister R. B. Bennett.
* October 21 – ''Grant v Australian Knitting Mills'', a landmark case in consumer law, is decided on appeal in the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the U.K.
[; .]
* October 22 - The Chinese Communist Party settles in Shaanxi after the Long March.
November
* November 3 – A 1935 Greek monarchy referendum, Greek monarchy referendum is held by self-proclaimed Regent Georgios Kondylis. Almost 98% of the votes favor restoration of the monarchy, although the referendum's integrity is dubious.
* November 8 – A dozen labor union leaders come together to announce the creation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), an organization charged with promoting the cause of industrial unionism in North America.
* November 14 – 1935 United Kingdom general election: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin returns to office at the head of a National Government led by the Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party, with a large but reduced majority.
* November 22 – The flying boat ''China Clipper'' takes off from Alameda, California, to deliver the first airmail cargo across the Pacific Ocean; on November 29 the aircraft reaches its final destination, Manila, and delivers over 110,000 pieces of mail.
* November 23 – Jacques and Thérèse Tréfouël, Daniel Bovet and Federico Nitti, in the laboratory of Ernest Fourneau at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, discover that sulfanilamide is the active component of
Prontosil
Prontosil is an antibacterial drug of the sulfonamide group. It has a relatively broad effect against gram-positive cocci but not against enterobacteria. One of the earliest antimicrobial drugs, it was widely used in the mid-20th century but is ...
.
* November 25 – After 11 years in exile, George II of Greece, George II returns to Greek soil as King of Greece at Corfu, from London.
* November 30 – The 1935 British-made film ''Scrooge (1935 film), Scrooge'', the first all-talking film version of the Charles Dickens classic ''A Christmas Carol'', opens in the U.S. after its British release.
December
* December 10 – Hanshin Tigers, a well known professional baseball club of Japan, is founded in Osaka.
* December 12
** The Lebensborn program in support of Nazi eugenics is founded by Heinrich Himmler in Germany.
** The De La Warr Pavilion at Bexhill-on-Sea, designed by Erich Mendelsohn and Serge Chermayeff, a pioneering example of International Style (architecture), International Style architecture, opens in England.
* December 17 – The Douglas Aircraft Company, Douglas DST, prototype of the Douglas DC-3 airliner, first flies in the United States. More than 16,000 of the model will eventually be produced.
* December 18
** Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood, Samuel Hoare resigns as British Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, foreign secretary, and is replaced by Anthony Eden.
** The socialist party of Sri Lanka, the Lanka Sama Samaja Party, is founded.
* December 27
** In China, Mao Zedong issues the Wayaobu Manifesto, ''On Tactics Against Japanese Imperialism'', calling for a National United Front against the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japanese invasion.
** In Germany, Regina Jonas becomes the first woman ever to receive ''semikhah'' (ordination) as a rabbi within Judaism. She will be killed in Auschwitz concentration camp in 1944 and the next such ordination will be in 1972.
* December 28 – ''Pravda'' publishes a letter from Pavel Postyshev, who revives the New Year tree tradition in the Soviet Union.
Births
January
* January 4 – Floyd Patterson, African-American boxer (d. 2006)
* January 6
**Margarita Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Spanish-born Bulgarian monarch
**Nino Tempo, American singer
*
January 7
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting.
* 1325 – Alfonso IV ...
– Valeri Kubasov, Soviet and Russian cosmonaut (d. 2014)
* January 8 – Elvis Presley, American rock & roll singer, guitarist and actor (d. 1977)
* January 9 – Manlio De Angelis, Italian actor (d. 2017)
* January 10 – Sherrill Milnes, American baritone
* January 14 – Lucile Wheeler, Canadian skier
* January 15 – Luigi Radice, Italian football player and manager (d. 2018)
* January 16
** A. J. Foyt, American race car driver
** Udo Lattek, German football coach (d. 2015)
* January 19 – Soumitra Chatterjee, Indian actor (d. 2020)
* January 21 – Andrew Sinclair, British novelist and biographer (d. 2019)
* January 25 – António Ramalho Eanes, 16th President of Portugal
* January 26 – Paula Rego, Dame Paula Rego, Portuguese-born British visual artist (d. 2022)
* January 29 – Roger Payne, American biologist and environmentalist
* January 30
** Richard Brautigan, American writer (d. 1984)
** Elsa Martinelli, Italian film actress (d. 2017)
* January 31 – Kenzaburō Ōe, Japanese writer, Nobel Prize laureate
February
* February 3 – Johnny "Guitar" Watson, African-American singer, songwriter and musician (d. 1996)
* February 4 – Martti Talvela, Finnish bass (d. 1989)
* February 7 – Herb Kohl, American businessman, philanthropist and politician
* February 11 – Gene Vincent, American guitarist and vocalist (d. 1971)
*
February 15
Events Pre-1600
* 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus
* 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia.
* 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
– Roger B. Chaffee, American astronaut (d. 1967)
* February 16 – Sonny Bono, American singer, actor and politician (d. 1998)
* February 18 – Michel Aoun, Lebanese politician, 26th President of Lebanon
*
February 26
Events Pre-1600
*747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events.
* 364 – Valentinian I is p ...
– Artur Rasizade, Azerbaijani politician, 6th Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
* February 27 – Mirella Freni, Italian soprano (d. 2020)
March
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
– Robert Conrad, American actor (''The Wild Wild West'') (d. 2020)
* March 3 – Zhelyu Zhelev, President of Bulgaria (d. 2015)
* March 4 – Bent Larsen, Danish chess player (d. 2010)
* March 12 - Valentyna Shevchenko (politician), Valentyna Shevchenko, Ukrainian politician (d. 2020)
* March 15 – Judd Hirsch, American actor (''Taxi (TV series), Taxi'')
*
March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang.
*1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...
– Sergei Yursky, Soviet and Russian actor (d. 2019)
*
March 21
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...
– Brian Clough, English footballer and manager (d. 2004)
*
March 22
Events Pre-1600
* 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea.
* 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
* 871 – Æthelr ...
**Galina Gavrilovna Korchuganova, Russian-born Soviet test pilot and aerobatics champion (d. 2004)
**M. Emmet Walsh, American actor
* March 24 – Peter Bichsel, Swiss writer
* March 27 – Julian Glover, English actor
* March 28 – Józef Szmidt, Polish athlete
* March 31
** Ruth Escobar, Portuguese-Brazilian actress, businesswoman and politician (d. 2017)
** Herb Alpert, American trumpeter, bandleader and singer
April
* April 10 – P. J. Patterson, Jamaican politician, 6th Prime Minister of Jamaica
*
April 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
– Erich von Däniken, Swiss mythographer and author
* April 19 – Dudley Moore, English actor, comedian, pianist and composer (d. 2002)
* April 21 – Charles Grodin, American actor, journalist and talk show host (d. 2021)
* April 22
** Paul Chambers, American jazz musician (d. 1969)
** Jerry Fodor, American philosopher and cognitive scientist (d. 2017)
* April 25 – Jim Peebles, Canadian-born theoretical cosmologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics
*
April 27
Events Pre-1600
* 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''.
* 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...
– Theo Angelopoulos, Greek filmmaker, screenwriter and film producer (d. 2012)
May
* May 2
** Faisal II of Iraq (d. 1958)
** Luis Suárez (footballer, born 1935), Luis Suárez, Spanish footballer
* May 8
** Jack Charlton, English footballer and manager (d. 2020)
** Princess Elisabeth of Denmark, Danish princess (d. 2018)
* May 9 – Roger Hargreaves, English author and illustrator (d. 1988)
* May 12 – Gary Peacock, American jazz double-bassist (d. 2020)
*
May 13
Events Pre-1600
*1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book '' Revelations of Divine Love''.
* 1501 – Amerigo Vespu ...
– Luciano Benetton, Italian entrepreneur, owner of Benetton Group
*
May 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks.
*1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade.
* 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...
– Ivan Dimitrov (footballer), Ivan Dimitrov, Bulgarian footballer (d. 2019)
*
May 15
Events Pre-1600
* 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty.
* 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...
** Don Bragg, American athlete (d. 2019)
** Ted Dexter, English cricketer (d. 2021)
* May 20 – José Mujica, 40th President of Uruguay
*
May 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed.
* 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
* 1153 &ndash ...
– Lee Meriwether, American beauty queen and actress
*
May 29
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
* 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
– André Brink, South African writer (d. 2015)
*
May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...
– Jim Bolger, 35th Prime Minister of New Zealand
June
* June 1 – Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank, Norman Foster, English architect
* June 2
** Lee Hoi-chang, South Korean politician, 26th Prime Minister of South Korea
** Carol Shields, American-born writer (d. 2003)
* June 13
** Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Bulgarian & Moroccan-born American installation artists (Jeanne-Claude d. 2009) (Christo d. 2020)
** Javier Aguirre (director), Javier Aguirre, Spanish film director, writer and producer (d. 2019)
** Samak Sundaravej, 25th Prime Minister of Thailand (2008) (d. 2009)
* June 17 – Peggy Seeger, American folk singer
* June 19 – Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, President of Ecuador
* June 24
** Robert Downey Sr., American actor, filmmaker and father of actor Robert Downey Jr. (died 2021)
** Terry Riley, American composer
* June 25 – Larry Kramer, American playwright, author, and activist (d. 2020).
* June 28 – Nicola Tempesta, Italian judoka
* June 30 – Valentino Gasparella, Italian track cyclist
July
* July 1 – David Prowse, English actor (d. 2020)
* July 3
** Harrison Schmitt, American geologist, NASA astronaut, professor and former senator
** John Swan (Bermudian politician), John Swan, Bermudian political figure; 4th List of Premiers of Bermuda, Premier of Bermuda
* July 8
** Steve Lawrence, American singer and actor
** Vitaly Sevastyanov, Soviet and Russian cosmonaut (d. 2010)
* July 9
** Wim Duisenberg, Dutch economist and politician (d. 2005)
** Mercedes Sosa, Argentine singer (d. 2009)
* July 12
** Hans Tilkowski, German footballer (d. 2020)
** Satoshi Ōmura, Japanese biochemist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate
* July 13
** Jack Kemp, American football player, U.S. vice presidential candidate (d. 2009)
** Kurt Westergaard, Danish cartoonist (d. 2021)
* July 14 – Ei-ichi Negishi, Japanese chemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel laureate (d. 2021)
* July 15 – Ken Kercheval, American actor (d. 2019)
* July 17
** Diahann Carroll, African-American actress and singer (d. 2019)
** Donald Sutherland, Canadian actor
* July 19 – Vasily Livanov, Soviet and Russian actor, animator and writer
* July 21 – Jeanne Arth, American Wimbledon and US Championships doubles tennis title holder
* July 25
** Adnan Khashoggi, Saudi Arabian international arms dealer (d. 2017)
** Barbara Harris (actress), Barbara Harris, American actress (d. 2018)
* July 30 – Prince Moulay Abdallah of Morocco, Moroccan prince (d. 1983)
August
* August 3 – Georgy Shonin, Soviet and Russian cosmonaut (d. 1997)
* August 10
** Giya Kancheli, Soviet and Georgian composer (d. 2019)
** Laurynas Stankevičius, 7th Prime Minister of Lithuania (d. 2017)
* August 12
** Ján Popluhár, Slovak footballer (d. 2011)
** John Cazale, American actor (d. 1978)
* August 15 – Julio Julián, Mexican operatic tenor (born 1935)
* August 17 – Oleg Tabakov, Soviet and Russian actor (d. 2018)
* August 18 – Rafer Johnson, African-American athlete (d. 2020)
* August 20 – Ron Paul, American author, physician, and politician
* August 21
** Bernhard Eckstein, German cyclist (d. 2017)
** Ahmad al-Ghashmi, Yemeni general, 4th President of the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) (d. 1978)
* August 22 – E. Annie Proulx, American novelist
* August 24 – Tsutomu Hata, 51st Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2017)
* August 26 – Geraldine Ferraro, U.S. Congresswoman, Vice Presidential candidate (d. 2011)
* August 29 – William Friedkin, American film director
* August 30 – John Phillips (musician), John Phillips, American singer-songwriter (The Mamas & the Papas) (d. 2001)
* August 31 – Eldridge Cleaver, African-American political activist and writer (d. 1998)
September
* September 1 – Seiji Ozawa, Japanese conductor
* September 7 – Abdou Diouf, 2nd President of Senegal
* September 9 – Chaim Topol, Israeli actor and singer (''Fiddler on the Roof'')
* September 10 – Mary Oliver, American poet, Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winner (d. 2019)
* September 11
** Arvo Pärt, Estonian composer
** Gherman Titov, Soviet and Russian cosmonaut (d. 2000)
* September 12 - Harvey J. Alter, American virologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize recipient
* September 15 – Dinkha IV, Dinkha, Iraqi patriarch (d. 2015)
* September 16
** Carl Andre, American artist
** Esther Vilar, Argentine-German writer known for ''The Manipulated Man''
* September 17 – Ken Kesey, American author (d. 2001)
* September 21 – Jimmy Armfield, English footballer (d. 2018)
* September 29
** Mylène Demongeot, French actress (d. 2022)
** Jerry Lee Lewis, American rock & roll musician (d. 2022)
* September 30 – Johnny Mathis, African-American singer
October
* October 1
**Dame Julie Andrews, English singer and actress
* October 3
** Charles Duke, American astronaut
** Armen Dzhigarkhanyan, Soviet Russian-Armenian actor (d. 2020)
* October 6
** Bruno Sammartino, Italian professional wrestler (d. 2018)
** Aly Lotfy Mahmoud, Egyptian politician (d. 2018)
* October 12 – Luciano Pavarotti, Italian tenor (d. 2007)
* October 14 – La Monte Young, American composer
* October 15
** Bobby Morrow, American athlete (d. 2020)
** Barry McGuire, American singer-songwriter
* October 18 – Peter Boyle, American actor (d. 2006)
* October 20 – Jerry Orbach, American actor and singer (d. 2004)
* October 25 – Rusty Schweickart, American astronaut
* October 29 – Isao Takahata, Japanese film director (d. 2018)
* October 30
** Ágota Kristóf, Hungarian writer (d. 2011)
** Michael Winner, British film director (d. 2013)
* October 31 – Ronald Graham, American mathematician (d. 2020)
November
* November 1
** Edward Said, Palestinian-born literary critic (d. 2003)
** Charles Koch, American businessman
** Gary Player, South-African professional golfer
* November 3 – Abune Paulos, Ethiopian patriarch (d. 2012)
* November 6 – Archduchess Maria of Austria (b. 1935), Archduchess Maria of Austria, German-Austrian royal (d. 2018)
* November 8
** Alain Delon, French actor
** Alfonso López Trujillo, Colombian Cardinal (d. 2008)
* November 11 – Bibi Andersson, Swedish actress (d. 2019)
* November 14 – King Hussein of Jordan (d. 1999)
* November 15
** Mahmoud Abbas, President of the Palestine National Authority
** Try Sutrisno, sixth vice president of Indonesia
* November 16 – France-Albert René, 2nd President of Seychelles (d. 2019)
* November 17 – Toni Sailer, Austrian skier (d. 2009)
* November 20 – Leo Falcam, Micronesian politician, president 1997-99 (d. 2018)
* November 23 – Vladislav Volkov, Soviet and Russian cosmonaut (d. 1971)
* November 28 – Masahito, Prince Hitachi
* November 29 – Diane Ladd, American actress
* November 30 – Woody Allen, American actor and film director
December
* December 8 – Dharmendra, Indian film actor, producer and politician
* December 11
** Pranab Mukherjee, Indian politician, 13th President of India (d. 2020)
** Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, German car designer (d. 2012)
* December 14
** Lee Remick, American actress (d. 1991)
** Lewis Arquette, American film actor, writer and producer (d. 2001)
* December 15 – Adnan Badran, Prime Minister of Jordan
* December 21 – John G. Avildsen, American film director (d. 2017)
* December 25 – Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime Minister of Sudan (1966–67, 1986–89) (d. 2020)
* December 26 – Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (d. 2005)
* December 30
** Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (d. 2009)
** Sandy Koufax, American baseball player
* December 31 – King Salman of Saudi Arabia (official birth date)
Deaths
January
* January – Józef Białynia Chołodecki, Polish historian (b. 1852)
* January 10 – Edwin Flack, Australian Olympic athlete (b. 1873)
* January 16 – Ma Barker, American criminal (b. 1873)
* January 19 – Lloyd Hamilton, American actor (b. 1899)
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
*1438 – The Cou ...
** Constantin Dumitrescu (general), Constantin Dumitrescu, Romanian general (b. 1868)
** Thomas Stevens (cyclist), Thomas Stevens, English cyclist (b. 1854)
* January 28 – Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Russian composer (b. 1859)
February
* February 3 – Hugo Junkers, German industrialist and aircraft designer (b. 1859)
* February 7 – Herbert Ponting, English photographer and explorer (b. 1870)
* February 8 – Max Liebermann, German painter (b. 1847)
*
February 13
Events Pre-1600
* 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome.
*1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th.
*1462 – The ...
– Ali of Hejaz, former King of Hejaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca (b. 1879)
* February 25 – Gerhard Louis De Geer, 17th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1854)
*
February 26
Events Pre-1600
*747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events.
* 364 – Valentinian I is p ...
– Liborius Ritter von Frank, Austro-Hungarian general (b. 1848)
* February 28 – Chiquinha Gonzaga, Brazilian composer (b. 1847)
March
* March 6
** Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1841)
** Baron Max Hussarek von Heinlein, former Prime Minister of Austria (b. 1865)
* March 7 – Leonid Feodorov, Soviet Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox priest and saint (b. 1879)
* March 15 – Johan Ramstedt, 9th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1852)
*
March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang.
*1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...
– John Macleod (physiologist), John Macleod, Scottish-born physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1876)
*
March 22
Events Pre-1600
* 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea.
* 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
* 871 – Æthelr ...
– Aleksandër Moisiu, Albanian actor (b. 1879)
* March 23 – Florence Moore, American actress (b. 1886)
* March 24 - Maria Karłowska, Polish Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1865)
* March 29 - Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer, Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer, English physiologist, pioneer in endocrinology (b. 1850)
April
* April 2 – Bennie Moten, American jazz pianist (b. 1894)
* April 5 – Basil Champneys, English architect (b. 1842)
* April 6 – Edwin Arlington Robinson, American poet (b. 1869)
* April 8 – Adolph Ochs, American newspaper publisher (b. 1858)
*
April 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
– Emmy Noether, German mathematician (b. 1882)
*
April 15
Events Pre-1600
* 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.
* 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...
– Anna Ancher, Danish painter (b. 1859)
* April 16 – Panait Istrati, Romanian writer (b. 1884)
* April 20 – Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon, British fashion designer (b. 1863)
*
April 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty).
* 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy m ...
–
Anastasios Papoulas
Anastasios Papoulas ( el, Αναστάσιος Παπούλας; 1/13 January 1857 – 24 April 1935) was a Greek general, most notable as the Greek commander-in-chief during most of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–22. Originally a firm roya ...
, Greek general (b. 1857)
May
* May 1 – Antero Rubín, Spanish general, politician (b. 1851)
* May 4 – Junior Durkin, American actor (b. 1915)
* May 12 – Józef Piłsudski, Polish politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1867)
*
May 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks.
*1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade.
* 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...
– Magnus Hirschfeld, German sex researcher, gay rights advocate (b. 1868)
*
May 15
Events Pre-1600
* 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty.
* 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...
– Kazimir Malevich, Polish-Russian painter, art theoretician (b. 1879)
* May 17
** Paul Dukas, French composer (b. 1865)
** Antonia Mesina, Italian Roman Catholic laywoman, martyr and blessed (b.
1919
Events
January
* January 1
** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia.
** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the c ...
)
* May 19 – T. E. Lawrence, T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia), English soldier, diplomat and writer (b. 1888)
*
May 21
Events Pre-1600
* 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as ''Caesar (title), Caesar'' to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy.
* 878 – Syracuse, Sicily, is Siege of Syracuse ...
** Jane Addams, American social worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1860)
** Hugo de Vries, Dutch botanist and geneticist (b. 1848)
*
May 29
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
* 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
– Josef Suk (composer), Josef Suk, Czech composer, and violinist (b. 1874)
June
* June 5 – Alexander von Linsingen, German general (b. 1850)
* June 6
**Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, British general, 12th Governor General of Canada (b. 1862)
**George Grossmith Jr., British actor (b. 1874)
* June 23 – Birdie Blye, American pianist (b. 1871)
* June 24 – Carlos Gardel, Argentine tango songwriter (b. 1890)
July
* July 1 – Arthur Arz von Straußenburg, Austro-Hungarian general (d. 1857)
* July 3 – André Citroën, French automobile pioneer (b. 1878)
* July 9 – Daniel Edward Howard, 16th president of Liberia (b. 1861)
* July 12 – Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer, subject of the Dreyfus affair (b. 1859)
* July 15 - Pieter Cort van der Linden, Dutch politician (b. 1846)
* July 17
** Cudjoe Lewis (Oluale Kossola), the last known surviving male victim of Clotilda (slave ship), ''Clotilda'', the last ship of the Atlantic slave trade (born c.1941)
** James Moore (cyclist), James Moore, English winner of the first ever cycle race (b. 1849)
** George William Russell, Irish nationalist, poet and artist (b. 1867)
** Daniel Salamanca Urey , 33rd President of Bolivia (b. 1869)
* July 22 – Laura M. Johns, American suffragist, journalist (b. 1849)
* July 28 – Meletius IV of Constantinople, Greek Patriarch of Alexandria (b. 1871)
* July 31 – Gustav Lindenthal, Czech civil engineer and bridge designer (b. 1850)
August
* August 12 – Gareth Jones (journalist), Gareth Jones, Welsh journalist (b. 1905)
*August 14 – Léonce Perret, French film actor and producer (b. 1880)
*August 15
**Paul Signac, French painter (b. 1863)
**Wiley Post, American pilot (b. 1898)
**Will Rogers, American humorist and actor (b. 1879)
*August 17 – Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American feminist and writer (b. 1860)
*August 20 – Edith Roberts (actress), Edith Roberts, American actress (b. 1899)
*August 21 – John Hartley (tennis), John Hartley, English tennis player, double winner of Wimbledon (b. 1849)
*August 22
**Frantz Jourdain, Belgian architect (b. 1847)
**Pavlos Kountouriotis, Greek admiral, 1st President of Greece (b. 1855)
*August 25 – Mack Swain, American actor (b. 1876)
*August 27 – Childe Hassam, American painter (b. 1859)
*August 29 – Astrid of Sweden, Queen Astrid of Belgium (b. 1905)
*August 30 – Henri Barbusse, French novelist and journalist (b. 1873)
September
* September 8
** Takejirō Tokonami, Japanese politician, Home Minister, Railway Minister and Minister of Communication (b. 1867)
** Carl Weiss, American physician and murderer of Huey Long (b. 1906)
* September 10 – Huey Long, American politician (assassinated Huey Long#Assassination, 2 days before) (b. 1893)
* September 19
** Jules Cambon, French diplomat (b. 1845)
** Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian rocket scientist (b. 1857)
* September 23 – DeWolf Hopper, American actor, comedian (b. 1858)
* September 28 – William Kennedy Dickson, Scottish inventor, cinema pioneer and film director (b. 1860)
October
* October 1 – Grigore C. Crăiniceanu, Romanian general and politician (b. 1852)
* October 19 – Maria Cederschiöld, Swedish journalist and women's rights activist (b. 1856)
* October 20 – Arthur Henderson, Scottish politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1863)
* October 22 – Edward Carson, Edward Carson, Baron Carson, Irish lawyer and politician (b. 1854)
* October 23 – Charles Demuth, American artist (b. 1883)
November
* November 2 – Jock Cameron, South African cricketer (b. 1905)
* November 6 – Henry Fairfield Osborn, American geologist, paleontologist and eugenist (b. 1857)
* November 7 – Charles Debbas, 1st President and 5th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1885)
* November 8 - Sir Charles Kingsford Smith, Australian aviator (b. 1897)
* November 20 – John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe, British admiral (b. 1859)
* November 21 – Agnes Pockels, German chemist (b. 1862)
* November 25 – Lij Iyasu of Ethiopia, deposed Emperor (b. 1895)
* November 28 – Erich von Hornbostel, Austrian musicologist (b. 1877)
* November 30 – Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese writer (b. 1888)
December
* December 1 – Bernhard Schmidt, Estonian optician and inventor (b. 1879)
* December 2 – James Henry Breasted, American Egyptologist (b. 1865)
* December 3 – Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom, daughter of King Edward VII and younger sister of King George V (b. 1868)
* December 4
** Johan Halvorsen, Norwegian composer (b. 1864)
** Charles Richet, French physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1850)
* December 13 – Victor Grignard, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1871)
* December 16 – Thelma Todd, American actress (b. 1906)
* December 17 – Juan Vicente Gómez, Venezuelan military dictator, 3-time President of Venezuela (b. 1857)
* December 21 – Kurt Tucholsky, German journalist and satirist (b. 1890)
* December 24 – Alban Berg, Austrian composer (b. 1885)
* December 29 – Photios II of Constantinople, Photios II, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1874)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – James Chadwick
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Frédéric Joliot, Irène Joliot-Curie ("in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements")
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Hans Spemann
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – not awarded
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Carl von Ossietzky
References
External links
* Mott, Frank Luther, ed. ''Headlining America'' (1937) reprints best American newspaper stories of 1935–136
online free– from American Studies Programs at the University of Virginia
1935 WWII Timeline
{{DEFAULTSORT:1935
1935,