Events
January–February
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– The
International Telecommunication Union
The International Telecommunication Union is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information and communication technologies. It was established on 17 May 1865 as the International Telegraph Unio ...
, a specialist agency of the
League of Nations
The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...
, is established.
*
January 15
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months.
* 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
– The 8.0
Nepal–Bihar earthquake strikes
Nepal
Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne,
सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...
and
Bihar
Bihar (; ) is a state in eastern India. It is the 2nd largest state by population in 2019, 12th largest by area of , and 14th largest by GDP in 2021. Bihar borders Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Be ...
with a maximum
Mercalli intensity
The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...
of XI (''Extreme''), killing an estimated 6,000–10,700 people.
*
January 26
Events Pre-1600
* 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
*1531 – The 6.4–7.1 1531 Lisbon earthquake, Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
*1564 – ...
– A 10-year
German–Polish declaration of non-aggression
The German–Polish declaration of non-aggression (german: Erklärung zwischen Deutschland und Polen über den Verzicht auf Gewaltanwendung, pl, Deklaracja między Polską a Niemcami o niestosowaniu przemocy), also known as the German–Polish ...
is signed by
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
and the
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of ...
.
*
January 30
Events Pre-1600
*1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen.
*1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom.
1601–1900
*1607 – An estimated ...
** In
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
, the political power of federal states such as
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an em ...
is substantially abolished, by the "Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich" (''Gesetz über den Neuaufbau des Reiches'').
**
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
,
President of the United States
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United Stat ...
, signs the
Gold Reserve Act
The United States Gold Reserve Act of January 30, 1934 required that all gold and gold certificates held by the Federal Reserve be surrendered and vested in the sole title of the United States Department of the Treasury. It also prohibited the Tre ...
: all gold held in the
Federal Reserve
The Federal Reserve System (often shortened to the Federal Reserve, or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States of America. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a ...
is to be surrendered to the
United States Department of the Treasury
The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States, where it serves as an executive department. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and t ...
; immediately following, the President raises the statutory gold price from US$20.67 per ounce to $35.
*
February 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop.
1601–1900
* 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...
–
French political crisis: The French
far-right leagues
The far-right leagues (french: ligues d'extrême droite) were several French far-right movements opposed to parliamentarism, which mainly dedicated themselves to military parades, street brawls, demonstrations and riots. The term ''ligue'' was of ...
rally in front of the
Palais Bourbon
The Palais Bourbon () is the meeting place of the National Assembly, the lower legislative chamber of the French Parliament. It is located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, on the ''Rive Gauche'' of the Seine, across from the Place de la Concor ...
, in an attempted
coup d'état
A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...
against the
Third Republic.
*
February 9
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
* 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland.
* 1539 – The first recorded race is hel ...
**
Gaston Doumergue
Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue (; 1 August 1863 in Aigues-Vives, Gard18 June 1937 in Aigues-Vives) was a French politician of the Third Republic. He served as President of France from 13 June 1924 to 13 June 1931.
Biography
Doumergue ca ...
forms a new government in
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
.
**
Greece
Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...
,
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
,
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
and
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
form the
Balkan Pact
The Balkan Pact, or Balkan Entente, was a treaty signed by Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia on 9 February 1934 .
*
February 12
Events Pre-1600
*1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna.
*1429 – English forces under ...
–
16 –
Austrian Civil War
The Austrian Civil War (german: Österreichischer Bürgerkrieg), also known as the February Uprising (german: Februarkämpfe), was a few days of skirmishes between Austrian government and socialist forces between 12 and 16 February 1934, in Aust ...
: The
Fatherland Front consolidates its power, in a series of clashes across the country.
*
February 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire.
* 1270 – Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Kar ...
– The
Commission of Government
The Commission of Government was a non-elected body that governed the Dominion of Newfoundland from 1934 to 1949. Established following the collapse of Newfoundland's economy during the Great Depression, it was dissolved when the dominion became ...
is sworn in, as a form of direct rule for the
Dominion of Newfoundland
Newfoundland was a British dominion in eastern North America, today the modern Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It was established on 26 September 1907, and confirmed by the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westmi ...
.
*
February 21
Events Pre-1600
* 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine.
* 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
* 1440 – The Prus ...
–
Augusto César Sandino
Augusto C. Sandino (; May 18, 1895 February 21, 1934), full name Augusto Nicolás Calderón de Sandino y José de María Sandino, was a Nicaraguan revolutionary and leader of a rebellion between 1927 and 1933 against the United States occupati ...
is assassinated in
Managua
)
, settlement_type = Capital city
, motto =
, image_map =
, mapsize =
, map_caption =
, pushpin_map = Nicara ...
, by the
National Guard
National Guard is the name used by a wide variety of current and historical uniformed organizations in different countries. The original National Guard was formed during the French Revolution around a cadre of defectors from the French Guards.
Nat ...
.
*
February 23
Events Pre-1600
* 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.
* 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...
– King
Leopold III of Belgium
Leopold III (3 November 1901 – 25 September 1983) was King of the Belgians from 23 February 1934 until his abdication on 16 July 1951. At the outbreak of World War II, Leopold tried to maintain Belgian neutrality, but after the German invasi ...
succeeds to the throne, following the death (February 17) of his father King
Albert I.
March–April
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
–
Manchuria
Manchuria is an exonym (derived from the endo demonym " Manchu") for a historical and geographic region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China (Inner Manchuria) and parts of the Russian Far East (Outer Manc ...
becomes
Manchukuo
Manchukuo, officially the State of Manchuria prior to 1934 and the Empire of (Great) Manchuria after 1934, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China, Manchuria from 1932 until 1945. It was founded as a republic in 1932 afte ...
, following an invasion by the Japanese.
*
March 12
Events Pre-1600
* 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius.
* 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...
– Prime Minister
Konstantin Päts
Konstantin Päts (; – 18 January 1956) was an Estonian statesman and the country's president in 1938–1940. Päts was one of the most influential politicians of the independent democratic Republic of Estonia, and during the two decades pri ...
stages a
self-coup
A self-coup, also called autocoup (from the es, autogolpe), is a form of coup d'état in which a nation's head, having come to power through legal means, tries to stay in power through illegal means. The leader may dissolve or render powerless ...
by declaring a state of emergency in
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...
, with the approval of the
parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...
.
*
March 13
Events Pre-1600
*624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh.
*1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War.
*1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
–
John Dillinger
John Herbert Dillinger (June 22, 1903 – July 22, 1934) was an American gangster during the Great Depression. He led the Dillinger Gang, which was accused of robbing 24 banks and four police stations. Dillinger was imprisoned several times and ...
and his gang rob the First National Bank in
Mason City, Iowa
Mason City is a city and the county seat of Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, United States. The population was 27,338 in the 2020 census, a decline from 29,172 in the 2000 census. The Mason City Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Cerro Go ...
, United States, stealing $52,000.
*
March 20
Events Pre-1600
* 673 – Emperor Emperor Tenmu, Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Asuka, Yamato#Imperial Palaces, Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka, Yamato, Asuka.
*1206 – Michael IV of Constantinople, Michael IV Au ...
– The
Great Hakodate Fire
The Great Fire of Hakodate () is a fire that broke out in Hakodate, Hokkaido in Japan on March 21, 1934. It is one of the worst city fires in Japan.
Overview
On March 21, 1934 a fire was started in a house located within the Sumiyoshi area, Hak ...
kills at least 2,166 people in southern
Hokkaido
is Japan's second largest island and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō from Honshu; the two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel.
The la ...
, Japan.
*
March 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6.
*1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate off ...
– The
Tydings–McDuffie Act
The Tydings–McDuffie Act, officially the Philippine Independence Act (), is an Act of Congress that established the process for the Philippines, then an American territory, to become an independent country after a ten-year transition period. ...
is passed, allowing the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
a greater degree of
self-government
__NOTOC__
Self-governance, self-government, or self-rule is the ability of a person or group to exercise all necessary functions of regulation without intervention from an external authority. It may refer to personal conduct or to any form of ...
from the United States.
*
April 21
Events Pre-1600
*753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date).
* 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...
– The "surgeon's photograph" of the
Loch Ness Monster
The Loch Ness Monster ( gd, Uilebheist Loch Nis), affectionately known as Nessie, is a creature in Scottish folklore that is said to inhabit Loch Ness in the Scottish Highlands. It is often described as large, long-necked, and with one or mor ...
, taken in Scotland by London gynaecologist Robert Kenneth Wilson and in 1994 admitted to be a
hoax
A hoax is a widely publicized falsehood so fashioned as to invite reflexive, unthinking acceptance by the greatest number of people of the most varied social identities and of the highest possible social pretensions to gull its victims into pu ...
, is published in the ''
Daily Mail
The ''Daily Mail'' is a British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper and news websitePeter Wilb"Paul Dacre of the Daily Mail: The man who hates liberal Britain", ''New Statesman'', 19 December 2013 (online version: 2 January 2014) publish ...
'' London national newspaper.
May–June
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
* 1169 &ndas ...
– The
May Constitution of 1934
The First Austrian Republic (german: Erste Österreichische Republik), officially the Republic of Austria, was created after the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 10 September 1919—the settlement after the end of World War I w ...
heralds the beginning of the
Austrofascist
The Federal State of Austria ( de-AT, Bundesstaat Österreich; colloquially known as the , "Corporate State") was a continuation of the First Austrian Republic between 1934 and 1938 when it was a one-party state led by the clerical fascist Fa ...
Federal State of Austria
The Federal State of Austria ( de-AT, Bundesstaat Österreich; colloquially known as the , "Corporate State") was a continuation of the First Austrian Republic between 1934 and 1938 when it was a one-party state led by the clerical fascist Fa ...
.
*
May 15
Events Pre-1600
* 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty.
* 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...
–
Kārlis Ulmanis
Kārlis Augusts Vilhelms Ulmanis (; 4 September 1877 – 20 September 1942) was a Latvian politician. He was one of the most prominent Latvian politicians of pre-World War II Latvia during the Interwar period of independence from November 1918 to ...
establishes an authoritarian government in
Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ltg, Latvejas Republika, links=no, liv, Leţmō Vabāmō, links=no), is a country in the Baltic region of ...
.
*
May 19
Events
Pre-1600
* 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace.
* 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected.
* 1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev.
*1445 &n ...
–
Kimon Georgiev
Kimon Georgiev Stoyanov ( bg, Кимон Георгиев Стоянов; August 11, 1882 – September 28, 1969) was a Bulgarian general who was the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Bulgaria from 1934 to 1935 and again from 1944 to 1946.
Life an ...
stages a
coup d'état
A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...
in Bulgaria.
*
May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
* 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
*1533 – The marriage of King Henry VI ...
– American outlaws
Bonnie and Clyde
Bonnie Elizabeth Parker (October 1, 1910May 23, 1934) and Clyde Chestnut (Champion) Barrow (March 24, 1909May 23, 1934) were an American criminal couple who traveled the Central United States with their gang during the Great Depression. The co ...
are ambushed and killed by police in
Bienville Parish, Louisiana
Bienville Parish (french: link=no, Paroisse de Bienville, ) is a parish located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Louisiana. At the 2020 census, the population was 12,981. The parish seat is Arcadia.
The highest natural point i ...
.
*
May 28
Events Pre-1600
* 585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from w ...
– Near
Callander, Ontario
The Municipality of Callander (formerly the Township of North Himsworth) is a township in central Ontario, Canada, located at the southeast end of Lake Nipissing in the Almaguin Highlands region of the District of Parry Sound. The municipality ...
, Canada, the
Dionne quintuplets
The Dionne quintuplets (; born May 28, 1934) are the first quintuplets known to have survived their infancy. The identical girls were born just outside Callander, Ontario, near the village of Corbeil. All five survived to adulthood.
The Dionn ...
are born to Oliva and Elzire Dionne, becoming the first
quintuplet
A multiple birth is the culmination of one multiple pregnancy, wherein the mother gives birth to two or more babies. A term most applicable to vertebrate species, multiple births occur in most kinds of mammals, with varying frequencies. Such bir ...
s to survive infancy.
*
June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
–
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
beats
Czechoslovakia
, rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי,
, common_name = Czechoslovakia
, life_span = 1918–19391945–1992
, p1 = Austria-Hungary
, image_p1 ...
2–1 after extra time, to win the
1934 World Cup
The 1934 FIFA World Cup was the second edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It took place in Italy from 27 May to 10 June 1934.
The 1934 World Cup was the first in ...
, staged in Italy.
*
June 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
*1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...
–
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
and
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 194 ...
meet for the first time, at the
Venice Biennale
The Venice Biennale (; it, La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation. The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of ...
.
*
June 18
Events Pre-1600
* 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China.
* 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
* 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about ...
– The
Indian Reorganization Act
The Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) of June 18, 1934, or the Wheeler–Howard Act, was U.S. federal legislation that dealt with the status of American Indians in the United States. It was the centerpiece of what has been often called the "Indian ...
is enacted.
*
June 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded.
* 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England.
* 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coas ...
– The
Emir
Emir (; ar, أمير ' ), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or cerem ...
of
Yemen
Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...
and Ibn Saud of
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the A ...
conclude a peace treaty.
*
June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...
–
July 2
Events Pre-1600
* 437 – Emperor Valentinian III begins his reign over the Western Roman Empire. His mother Galla Placidia ends her regency, but continues to exercise political influence at the court in Rome.
* 626 – Li Shimin, th ...
–
Night of the Long Knives
The Night of the Long Knives (German: ), or the Röhm purge (German: ''Röhm-Putsch''), also called Operation Hummingbird (German: ''Unternehmen Kolibri''), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934. Chancellor Ad ...
in Germany:
Nazis
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...
purge the ''
Sturmabteilung
The (; SA; literally "Storm Detachment") was the original paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party. It played a significant role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s. Its primary purposes were providing protection for Nazi ral ...
'' (SA), the left-wing
Strasserist
Strasserism (german: Strasserismus or ''Straßerismus'') is a strand of Nazism calling for a more radical, mass-action and worker-based form of the ideology, espousing economic antisemitism above other antisemitic forms, to achieve a national r ...
faction of the
Nazi Party
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (german: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that crea ...
, and prominent conservative anti-Nazis, in a series of political murders.
*
June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...
– The
Nazi Party
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (german: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that crea ...
SA camp
Oranienburg
Oranienburg () is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Oberhavel.
Geography
Oranienburg is a town located on the banks of the Havel river, 35 km north of the centre of Berlin.
Division of the town
Oranienburg ...
becomes a national camp, taken over by the ''
Schutzstaffel
The ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS; also stylized as ''ᛋᛋ'' with Armanen runes; ; "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe d ...
'' (SS).
July–August
*
July 13
Events Pre-1600
* 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
* 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
*1260 – The Livon ...
– Hitler gives a speech to the
Reichstag, justifying his purge.
*
July 25
Events Pre-1600
* 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
* 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
–
July Putsch
The July Putsch was a failed coup attempt against the Austrofascist regime by Austrian Nazis from 25 to 30 July 1934.
Just a few months after the Austrian Civil War, Austrian Nazis and German SS soldiers attacked the Chancellery in Vienna in ...
: Austrian
Nazis
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...
assassinate chancellor
Engelbert Dollfuss
Engelbert Dollfuß (alternatively: ''Dolfuss'', ; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian clerical fascist politician who served as Chancellor of Austria between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he a ...
, during a failed coup attempt.
*
August 2
Events Pre-1600
*338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.
*216 BC – The Carthaginian arm ...
–
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
becomes ''
Führer
( ; , spelled or ''Fuhrer'' when the Umlaut (diacritic), umlaut is not available) is a German word meaning "leader" or "guide". As a political title, it is strongly associated with the Nazi Germany, Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler.
Nazi Germany ...
'' of Germany, or head of state combined with that of Chancellor, following the death of President
Paul von Hindenburg
Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (; abbreviated ; 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German field marshal and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany fro ...
.
*
August 8
Events Pre-1600
* 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as th ...
– The
Wehrmacht
The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previous ...
swears a personal oath of loyalty to
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
.
*
August 15
Events Pre-1600
* 636 – Arab–Byzantine wars: The Battle of Yarmouk between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate begins.
* 717 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik begins the Second Arab Siege of Constant ...
– The
United States Marine Corps
The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combi ...
leaves
Haiti
Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and ...
.
*
August 19
Events Pre-1600
*295 BC – The first temple to Venus, the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges during the Third Samnite War.
*43 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later know ...
–
1934 German referendum
A referendum on merging the posts of Chancellor and President was held in Nazi Germany on 19 August 1934, Dieter Nohlen and Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook'', p. 762, . seventeen days after the death of President Paul ...
: In a referendum, 90% of the German population approves of Hitler's assumption of
presidential powers, as
Führer
( ; , spelled or ''Fuhrer'' when the Umlaut (diacritic), umlaut is not available) is a German word meaning "leader" or "guide". As a political title, it is strongly associated with the Nazi Germany, Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler.
Nazi Germany ...
and
Reichskanzler
The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,; often shortened to ''Bundeskanzler''/''Bundeskanzlerin'', / is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the Ge ...
.
September–October
![Bundesarchiv Bild 102-16196, Nürnberg, Reichsparteitag, SA- und SS-Appell](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-16196%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Reichsparteitag%2C_SA-_und_SS-Appell.jpg)
*
September 4
Events Pre-1600
* 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire.
* 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne ove ...
–
Evelyn Waugh
Arthur Evelyn St. John Waugh (; 28 October 1903 – 10 April 1966) was an English writer of novels, biographies, and travel books; he was also a prolific journalist and book reviewer. His most famous works include the early satires ''Decli ...
's novel ''
A Handful of Dust
''A Handful of Dust'' is a novel by the British writer Evelyn Waugh. First published in 1934, it is often grouped with the author's early, satirical comic novels for which he became famous in the pre–World War II years. Commentators have, h ...
'' was first published in full.
*
September 5
Events Pre-1600
* 917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu.
* 1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava
* 1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Hen ...
–
10 – The 6th
Nuremberg Rally
The Nuremberg Rallies (officially ', meaning ''Reich Party Congress'') refer to a series of celebratory events coordinated by the Nazi Party in Germany. The first rally held took place in 1923. This rally was not particularly large or impactful; ...
is staged by the German
Nazi Party
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (german: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that crea ...
.
*
September 8
Events Pre-1600
* 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty.
* 1100 – Election of Antipope Theodor ...
– Off the
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...
coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner kills 134 people.
*
September 15
Events Pre-1600
* 994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes.
*1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by ...
–
1934 Australian federal election
The 1934 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 15 September 1934. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives, and 18 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent United Australia Party led by Prime Minister ...
:
Joseph Lyons
Joseph Aloysius Lyons (15 September 1879 – 7 April 1939) was an Australian politician who served as the List of prime ministers of Australia by time in office, 10th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1932 until his death in 1939. He ...
'
UAP Government
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.
In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...
is re-elected with a decreased majority, defeating the
Labor Party, led by former
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
James Scullin
James Henry Scullin (18 September 1876 – 28 January 1953) was an Australian Labor Party politician and the ninth Prime Minister of Australia. Scullin led Labor to government at the 1929 Australian federal election. He was the first Catho ...
. Consequently, Lyons is forced to resume the
Coalition
A coalition is a group formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political or economical spaces.
Formation
According to ''A Gui ...
with the
Country Party, and include them in his government. Scullin steps down from the Labor leadership shortly after; he is
replaced by future Prime Minister
John Curtin
John Curtin (8 January 1885 – 5 July 1945) was an Australian politician who served as the 14th prime minister of Australia from 1941 until his death in 1945. He led the country for the majority of World War II, including all but the last few ...
.
*
September 19
Events Pre-1600
* 85 – Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed.
* 634 – Siege of Damascus: Th ...
** The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
joins the
League of Nations
The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...
.
**
Bruno Richard Hauptmann
Bruno Richard Hauptmann (November 26, 1899 – April 3, 1936) was a German-born carpenter who was convicted of the abduction and murder of the 20-month-old son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and his wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh. The Lindbergh kidna ...
is arrested in connection with the
Lindbergh kidnapping
On March 1, 1932, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. (born June 22, 1930), the 20-month-old son of aviators Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, was abducted from his crib in the upper floor of the Lindberghs' home, Highfields (Amwell and Ho ...
case in the U.S.
*
September 21
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.
* 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders.
* 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...
– The
Muroto typhoon in
Honshū
, historically called , is the largest and most populous island of Japan. It is located south of Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyūshū across the Kanmon Straits. The island separa ...
, Japan kills 3,036 people, and destroys the temple, schools, and other buildings in
Osaka
is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of 2. ...
.
*
September 22
Events Pre-1600
* 904 – The warlord Zhu Quanzhong kills Emperor Zhaozong, the penultimate emperor of the Tang dynasty, after seizing control of the imperial government.
* 1236 – The Samogitians defeat the Livonian Brothers of th ...
– A
gas explosion
A gas explosion is an explosion resulting from mixing a gas, typically from a gas leak, with air in the presence of an ignition source. In household accidents, the principal explosive gases are those used for heating or cooking purposes such as nat ...
at
Gresford Colliery
Gresford Colliery was a coal mine located a mile from the North Wales village of Gresford, near Wrexham.
History
Sinking
The North Wales Coalfield, of which Gresford was part, runs from Point of Ayr, on the Flintshire coast to the Shropshire b ...
in
Wrexham
Wrexham ( ; cy, Wrecsam; ) is a city and the administrative centre of Wrexham County Borough in Wales. It is located between the Welsh mountains and the lower Dee Valley, near the border with Cheshire in England. Historically in the count ...
, north-east Wales, kills 266 miners and rescuers.
*
September 28
Events Pre-1600
*48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII.
* 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...
–
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...
joins the
League of Nations
The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...
.
*
October 2
Events Pre-1600
* 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.
* 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and ot ...
– A
typhoon
A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere. This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, and is the most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for a ...
in
Osaka
is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of 2. ...
and
Kyoto
Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the ci ...
, Japan, kills 1,660, injures 5,400, and destroys the rice harvest.
*
October 6
Events Pre-1600
* 105 BC – Cimbrian War: Defeat at the Battle of Arausio accelerates the Marian reforms of the Roman army of the mid-Republic.
*69 BC – Third Mithridatic War: The military of the Roman Republic subdue Armenia.
*AD ...
–
Events of October the 6th
The events of 6 October ( ca, Fets del sis d'octubre) were a general strike, armed insurgency and declaration of a Catalan State by Catalonia's autonomous government on 6 October 1934, in reaction to the inclusion of conservatives in the repub ...
: the President of
Catalonia
Catalonia (; ca, Catalunya ; Aranese Occitan: ''Catalonha'' ; es, Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy.
Most of the territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the north ...
,
Lluís Companys
Lluís Companys i Jover (; 21 June 1882 – 15 October 1940) was a Catalan politician who served as president of Catalonia from 1934 and during the Spanish Civil War.
Companys was a lawyer close to labour movement and one of the most prominent l ...
, declares the
Catalan State of the Spanish Federal Republic, but Spanish troops swiftly crush the Catalan forces, and arrest him and the members of the Catalan government. The autonomy of Catalonia is suspended until
1936
Events
January–February
* January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...
.
*
October 9
Events Pre-1600
* 768 – Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned kings of the Franks.
* 1238 – James I of Aragon founds the Kingdom of Valencia.
* 1410 – The first known mention of the Prague astronomical clock.
* 1446 &ndash ...
– King
Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister
Louis Barthou
Jean Louis Barthou (; 25 August 1862 – 9 October 1934) was a French politician of the Third Republic who served as Prime Minister of France for eight months in 1913. In social policy, his time as prime minister saw the introduction (in Jul ...
are assassinated, during the king's state visit in
Marseille
Marseille ( , , ; also spelled in English as Marseilles; oc, Marselha ) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the camargue region of southern Franc ...
.
*
October 16
Events Pre-1600
* 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.
* 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.
* 91 ...
– The
Long March
The Long March (, lit. ''Long Expedition'') was a military retreat undertaken by the Chinese Red Army, Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the National Revolut ...
of the
People's Liberation Army
The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the principal military force of the People's Republic of China and the armed wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The PLA consists of five service branches: the Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, ...
of the
Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victoriou ...
begins.
*
October 20
Events Pre-1600
*1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent.
* 1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the rel ...
–
November 3
Events Pre-1600
* 361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor.
*1333 – The River Arno floods causing massive damage in F ...
–
Charles Kingsford Smith
Sir Charles Edward Kingsford Smith (9 February 18978 November 1935), nicknamed Smithy, was an Australian aviation pioneer. He piloted the first transpacific flight and the first flight between Australia and New Zealand.
Kingsford Smith was b ...
makes the first eastward crossing of the Pacific Ocean, from his native
Brisbane
Brisbane ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the states and territories of Australia, Australian state of Queensland, and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a populati ...
, Australia, to
San Francisco
San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...
, in the
Lockheed Altair
The Lockheed Altair was a single-engined sport aircraft produced by Lockheed Aircraft Limited in the 1930s. It was a development of the Lockheed Sirius with a retractable undercarriage, and was the first Lockheed aircraft and one of the first air ...
''
Lady Southern Cross
The ''Lady Southern Cross'' was a Lockheed Altair monoplane owned by Australian pioneer aviator Sir Charles Kingsford Smith.
In this aircraft, Kingsford Smith made the first eastward trans-Pacific flight from Australia to the United States, i ...
''. The November 3 Hawaii–San Francisco leg is the first eastward flight from Hawaii to North America.
*
October 20
Events Pre-1600
*1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent.
* 1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the rel ...
–
November 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
* 1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Br ...
– The
MacRobertson Air Race
The MacRobertson Trophy Air Race (also known as the London to Melbourne Air Race) took place in October 1934 as part of the Melbourne Centenary celebrations. The race was devised by the Lord Mayor of Melbourne, Sir Harold Gengoult Smith, and th ...
is flown from
RAF Mildenhall
Royal Air Force Mildenhall or RAF Mildenhall is a Royal Air Force (RAF) station located near Mildenhall in Suffolk, England. Despite its status as a Royal Air Force station, it primarily supports United States Air Force (USAF) operations, and ...
in England to
Melbourne
Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a met ...
, Australia, to celebrate the centenary of the state of
Victoria
Victoria most commonly refers to:
* Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia
* Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada
* Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory
* Victoria, Seychelle ...
. The overall winner is the British
de Havilland DH.88 Comet
The de Havilland DH.88 Comet is a British two-seat, twin-engined aircraft built by the de Havilland Aircraft Company. It was developed specifically to participate in the 1934 England-Australia MacRobertson Air Race from the United Kingdom to A ...
G-ACSS ''Grosvenor House'', flown by
C. W. A. Scott
Flight Lieutenant Charles William Anderson Scott, AFC (13 February 1903 – 15 April 1946Dunnell ''Aeroplane'', November 2019, p. 46.) was an English aviator. He won the MacRobertson Air Race, a race from London to Melbourne, in 1934, in a tim ...
and
Tom Campbell Black
Tom Campbell Black (December 1899 – 19 September 1936) was an aviator, English aviator.
He was the son of Alice Jean McCullough and Hugh Milner Black. He became a world-famous aviator when he and C. W. A. Scott won the London to Melbourne Ce ...
.
November–December
*
November 23
Events Pre-1600
* 534 BC – Thespis of Icaria becomes the first recorded actor to portray a character on stage.
*1248 – Conquest of Seville by Christian troops under King Ferdinand III of Castile.
* 1499 – Pretender to the th ...
– An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the
Ogaden
Ogaden (pronounced and often spelled ''Ogadēn''; so, Ogaadeen, am, ውጋዴ/ውጋዴን) is one of the historical names given to the modern Somali Region, the territory comprising the eastern portion of Ethiopia formerly part of the Harargh ...
discovers an Italian garrison at
Walwal
Welwel (, also transliterated Walwaal; ), is a town in eastern Ethiopia known as the Ogaden. Located in the Werder Zone of the Somali Region, this town has a longitude and latitude of with an elevation of 570 meters above sea level. Welwel has a ...
, which lies well within
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
n territory. This encounter leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.
* November 27– Daniel Salamanca Urey, President of Bolivia, is deposed in a military coup, and replaced by José Luis Tejada Sorzano.
* December 2 – The continental jazz group Quintette du Hot Club de France first performs in Paris, led by guitarist Django Reinhardt, with violinist Stéphane Grappelli.
* December 5 – Abyssinia Crisis: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50.
* December 21 – ''Lieutenant Kijé (Prokofiev), Lieutenant Kijé'', one of Sergei Prokofiev's best-known works, premiered.
* December 27 – Persia becomes Iran.
* December 29 – Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.
Date unknown
* Winter – Tadj ol-Molouk, Empress consort of Iran, and her daughters appear publicly in Tehran without a veil, leading to its abolition in the country.
* Abidjan becomes the capital of the French colony of Ivory Coast.
* The sonoluminescence effect is discovered, at the University of Cologne.
* The Australian frontier wars end, after 146 years.
* The Yomiuri Giants, a successful professional baseball club in Japan, is founded in Tokyo.
Births
January
![Bill Bixby The Magician 1973](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Bill_Bixby_The_Magician_1973.JPG)
* January 4 – Rudolf Schuster, 2nd President of Slovakia
* January 5 – Eddy Pieters Graafland, Dutch football goalkeeper (d. 2020)
* January 7
** Charles Jenkins Sr., Charles Jenkins, American sprinter
** Tassos Papadopoulos, Cypriot politician, 5th President of Cyprus (d. 2008)
* January 8 – Jacques Anquetil, French road cyclist (d. 1987)
* January 10 – Leonid Kravchuk, President of Ukraine (d. 2022)
* January 11 – Jean Chrétien, 20th Prime Minister of Canada
* January 14
** Richard Briers, English actor (d. 2013)
** Pierre Darmon, French tennis player
* January 16 – Marilyn Horne, American mezzo-soprano
* January 17 – Cedar Walton, American jazz pianist (d. 2013)
* January 18 – Raymond Briggs, British writer and illustrator (d. 2022)
* January 20 – Tom Baker, British actor
* January 21 – Ann Wedgeworth, American actress (d. 2017)
* January 22 – Bill Bixby, American actor and director (d. 1993)
* January 24 – Stanisław Grochowiak, Polish poet and dramatist (d. 1976)
* January 27 – Édith Cresson, Prime Minister of France
*
January 30
Events Pre-1600
*1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen.
*1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom.
1601–1900
*1607 – An estimated ...
– Tammy Grimes, American actress (d. 2016)
* January 31 – Eva Mozes Kor, Romanian Holocaust survivor and author (d. 2019)
February
![Bettino Craxi-1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Bettino_Craxi-1.jpg)
* February 7
** Eddie Fenech Adami, 10th Prime Minister of Malta and 7th President of Malta
** King Curtis, African-American saxophonist (d. 1971)
* February 10 – Fleur Adcock, New Zealand poet
* February 11
** Manuel Noriega, Panamanian military dictator (d. 2017)
** John Surtees, British racing driver (d. 2017)
*
February 12
Events Pre-1600
*1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna.
*1429 – English forces under ...
– Anne Osborn Krueger, Anne Krueger, American economist
* February 13 – George Segal, American actor (d. 2021)
* February 14 – Florence Henderson, American actress, singer and television personality (d. 2016)
* February 15 – Niklaus Wirth, Swiss computer scientist
* February 17
** Sir Alan Bates, British actor (d. 2003)
** Barry Humphries, Australian actor, comedian
* February 18
** Anna Maria Ferrero, Italian actress (d. 2018)
** Paco Rabanne, Spanish fashion designer
*
February 21
Events Pre-1600
* 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine.
* 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
* 1440 – The Prus ...
– Rue McClanahan, American actress (d. 2010)
* February 24
** Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 2000)
** Renata Scotto, Italian soprano
** Bingu wa Mutharika, Malawian President, economist (d. 2012)
* February 27 – Ralph Nader, American consumer activist and presidential candidate
March
![Richard Chamberlain DF-ST-83-03559](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Richard_Chamberlain_DF-ST-83-03559.jpg)
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
– Joan Hackett, American actress (d. 1983)
* March 3 – Bobby Locke (baseball), Bobby Locke, American baseball player (d. 2020)
* March 4
** Anne Haney, American actress (d. 2001)
** Gia Scala, British actress (d. 1972)
* March 5 – Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist and Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel laureate
* March 6 – Milton Diamond, American sexologist and professor of anatomy and reproductive biology
* March 9
** Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, first human in space (d. 1968)
** Joyce Van Patten, American actress
* March 14
** Eugene Cernan, American astronaut (d. 2017)
** Dionigi Tettamanzi, Italian cardinal (d. 2017)
* March 16 – Ray Hnatyshyn, Canadian statesman, 24th Governor-General of Canada (d. 2002)
* March 18 – Charley Pride, American country musician (d. 2020)
*
March 20
Events Pre-1600
* 673 – Emperor Emperor Tenmu, Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Asuka, Yamato#Imperial Palaces, Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka, Yamato, Asuka.
*1206 – Michael IV of Constantinople, Michael IV Au ...
– David Malouf, Australian writer
* March 23 – Ludvig Faddeev, Russian physicist and mathematician (d. 2017)
* March 25
** Johnny Burnette, American rockabilly singer, songwriter and musician (d. 1964)
** Gloria Steinem, American feminist
* March 26 – Alan Arkin, American actor
* March 30 – Hans Hollein, Austrian architect and designer (d. 2014)
* March 31
** Richard Chamberlain, American actor
** Shirley Jones, American singer and actress
** John D. Loudermilk, American singer-songwriter (d. 2016)
** Carlo Rubbia, Italian Nobel physicist
April
![Studio publicity Shirley MacLaine](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Studio_publicity_Shirley_MacLaine.jpg)
* April 1
** Vladimir Pozner Jr., Vladimir Posner, Russian journalist
** Pascal Rakotomavo, 10th prime minister of Madagascar (d. 2010)
* April 2 – Paul Cohen, American mathematician (d. 2007)
* April 3
** Pina Pellicer, Mexican actress (d. 1964)
** Jane Goodall, British zoologist
* April 5 – Roman Herzog, 9th President of Germany (d. 2017)
* April 6 – Anton Geesink, Dutch 10th-dan judoka (d. 2010)
* April 16 – Vicar (cartoonist), Victor "Vicar" José Arriagada Ríos, Spanish cartoonist (d. 2012)
* April 11 – Mark Strand, Canadian-born American poet (d. 2014)
* April 18 – James Drury, American actor (d. 2020)
* April 20 – John Malecela, 6th prime minister of Tanzania
* April 24
** Jayakanthan, Tamil writer (d. 2015)
** Shirley MacLaine, American actress, dancer, writer
* April 29 – Pedro Pires, Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires, President of Cape Verde
May
![Frankie Valli 2012-10-27 2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Frankie_Valli_2012-10-27_2.jpg)
* May 3
** Henry Cooper, British boxer (d. 2011)
** Frankie Valli, American musician (''The Four Seasons (band), The Four Seasons'')
* May 4 – Tatiana Samoilova, Russian actress (d. 2014)
* May 9
** Alan Bennett, British playwright, screenwriter, actor, and author
** Lee Hong-koo, South Korean politician, 26th Prime Minister of South Korea
* May 21 – Bengt I. Samuelsson, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
*
May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
* 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
*1533 – The marriage of King Henry VI ...
– Robert Moog, American inventor of the synthesizer (d. 2005)
* May 27 – Harlan Ellison, American writer (d. 2018)
* May 30 – Alexei Leonov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2019)
*May 31
**Bhagwatikumar Sharma, Indian author and journalist (d. 2018)
** Jim Hutton American actor (d. 1979)
June
![Rubén Aguirre](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Rub%C3%A9n_Aguirre.png)
* June 1 – Pat Boone, American actor and singer
* June 4 – Dame Daphne Sheldrick, Kenyan conservationist and author (d. 2018)
* June 5 – Chennupati Vidya, Indian politician and social worker (d. 2018)
* June 6 – King Albert II of Belgium
* June 7 – Koloa Talake, 7th prime minister of Tuvalu (d. 2008)
* June 9 – Jackie Wilson, American singer (d. 1984)
* June 11 – Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark, French-born consort of the Danish monarch (d. 2018)
* June 15
** Rubén Aguirre, Mexican actor and comedian (d. 2016)
** Stefan Kwoczała, Polish motorcycle speedway rider (d. 2019)
* June 16
** Dame Eileen Atkins, British actress
** William F. Sharpe, American economist and Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel laureate
* June 19 – Désiré Rakotoarijaona, 4th prime minister of Madagascar
* June 23 – Virbhadra Singh, Indian politician (d. 2021)
* June 26 – Dave Grusin, American composer, arranger, producer, and pianist
*
June 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded.
* 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England.
* 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coas ...
– Ed Hobaugh, American Major League Baseball player
* June 28
** Asker Abiyev, Azerbaijani mathematician
** Michael Artin, American mathematician
* June 29 – Susan George (political scientist), Susan George, American and French political, social scientist, activist and writer
*
June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...
** C. N. R. Rao, Indian chemist
** Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira, Brazilian economist and social scientist
July
![Wole Soyinka in 2018](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Wole_Soyinka_in_2018.jpg)
* July 1
** Alicia Terzian, Argentine conductor, musicologist and composer
** Ilselil Larsen, Danish actress
** Sydney Pollack, American film director (d. 2008)
* July 3 – Stefan Abadzhiev, Bulgarian football player
* July 5 – Adriana Roel, Mexican actress
* July 7
** Raphael Owor, Ugandan physician, pathologist, academic and medical researcher
** Kedarnath Singh, Indian poet (d. 2018)
* July 8
** Fred Stewart (Alberta politician), Fred Stewart, Canadian politician
** Ole Lund, Norwegian barrister and industrial leader
** Marty Feldman, English comedy writer, comedian and actor (d. 1982)
* July 9
** Pierre Perret, French singer and composer
** Michael Graves, American architect (d. 2015)
* July 10 – Jerry Nelson, American puppeteer (d. 2012)
* July 11
** Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer
* July 12
** Van Cliburn, American pianist (d. 2013)
** Ulf Schmidt, Swedish tennis player
*
July 13
Events Pre-1600
* 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
* 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
*1260 – The Livon ...
** Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer and Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel laureate
** Aleksei Yeliseyev, Russian cosmonaut
* July 14 – Ángel del Pozo, Spanish actor
* July 15 – Harrison Birtwistle, British composer (d. 2022)
* July 16 – George Hilton (actor), George Hilton, Uruguayan-Italian actor (d. 2019)
* July 19 – Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
* July 22
** Louise Fletcher, American actress (d. 2022)
** Leon Rotman, Romanian sprint canoeist
** Oluyemi Adeniji, Nigerian career diplomat, politician (d. 2017)
* July 24 – P. S. Soosaithasan, Sri Lankan Tamil politician (d. 2017)
* July 28 – Bud Luckey, American voice actor, Pixar animator (d. 2018)
August
![Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani by Fars 02](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Akbar_Hashemi_Rafsanjani_by_Fars_02.jpg)
*
August 2
Events Pre-1600
*338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.
*216 BC – The Carthaginian arm ...
– Valery Bykovsky, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2019)
* August 3 – Jonas Savimbi, Angolan political and rebel leader (d. 2002)
* August 5 – Gay Byrne, Irish broadcaster (d. 2019)
* August 6
** Gianfrancesco Guarnieri, Italian–Brazilian actor, lyricist, poet and playwright (d. 2006)
** Edmond Simeoni, Corsican politician and nationalist (d. 2018)
*
August 8
Events Pre-1600
* 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as th ...
– Cláudio Hummes, Brazilian Roman Catholic cardinal
* August 11 – Viktor Tolmachev, Russian engineer (d. 2018)
* August 13 – Gyoji Matsumoto, Japanese footballer (d. 2019)
*
August 15
Events Pre-1600
* 636 – Arab–Byzantine wars: The Battle of Yarmouk between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate begins.
* 717 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik begins the Second Arab Siege of Constant ...
** Nino Ferrer, French singer (d. 1998)
** André Bo-Boliko Lokonga, Congolese politician (d. 2018)
* August 16 – Angela Buxton, British tennis player (d. 2020)
* August 17 – Ben Humphreys, Australian politician (d. 2019)
* August 18
** Ronnie Carroll, Northern Irish singer (d. 2015)
** Roberto Clemente, Puerto Rican Major League Baseball player (d. 1972)
** Gulzar, Indian film director, lyricist and poet
*
August 19
Events Pre-1600
*295 BC – The first temple to Venus, the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges during the Third Samnite War.
*43 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later know ...
– Renée Richards, American ophthalmologist and tennis player
* August 20 – Armi Kuusela, Miss Universe 1952 from Finland
* August 22 – Norman Schwarzkopf, U.S. Army general (d. 2012)
* August 24 – Kenny Baker (English actor), Kenny Baker, English actor (d. 2016)
* August 25
** Zilda Arns, Brazilian pediatrician, aid worker (d. 2010)
** Hsiao Teng-tzang, Taiwanese politician (d. 2017)
** Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, 4th President of Iran (d. 2017)
* August 28 – Zeng Shiqiang, Taiwanese sinologist, scholar, and writer (d. 2018)
* August 30 – Anatoly Solonitsyn, Russian actor (d. 1982)
September
![Brigitte Bardot](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Brigitte_Bardot.jpg)
* September 1 – Léon Mébiame, Gabonese politician (d. 2015)
*
September 4
Events Pre-1600
* 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire.
* 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne ove ...
** Clive Granger, Welsh-born economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009)
** Juraj Herz, Slovak film director, actor, and scenic designer (d. 2018)
** Eduard Khil, Russian baritone singer ("Eduard Khil, Trololo") (d. 2012)
** Zaid ibn Shaker, 3-time prime minister of Jordan (d. 2002)
** Jan Švankmajer, Czech filmmaker, artist
* September 6 – Marshall Rosenberg, American psychologist and writer (d. 2015)
* September 7
** Sunil Gangopadhyay, Indian author and poet (d. 2012)
** Omar Karami, 29th Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2015)
*
September 8
Events Pre-1600
* 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty.
* 1100 – Election of Antipope Theodor ...
– Peter Maxwell Davies, English composer (d. 2016)
* September 9
** Nicholas Liverpool, Dominican lawyer, politician, and 6th List of Presidents of Dominica, President of Dominica (d. 2015)
** Waldo Machado, Brazilian footballer (d. 2019)
* September 13 – Zbigniew Zapasiewicz, Polish actor (d. 2009)
* September 16
** Elgin Baylor, American basketball player and executive (d. 2021)
** Ronnie Drew, Irish singer with The Dubliners band (d. 2008)
* September 17 – Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (d. 1969)
*
September 19
Events Pre-1600
* 85 – Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed.
* 634 – Siege of Damascus: Th ...
– Brian Epstein, British manager of the Beatles, co-founder of Northern Songs (d. 1967)
* September 20
** Rajinder Puri, Indian cartoonist, veteran columnist and political activist (d. 2015)
** Sophia Loren, Italian actress
** Takayuki Kubota, Japanese martial artist, founder of the Gosoku-ryu style of karate
*
September 21
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.
* 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders.
* 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...
** Leonard Cohen, Canadian poet, novelist, singer and songwriter (d. 2016)
** David J. Thouless, Scottish-born condensed-matter physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 2019)
** María Rubio, Mexican actress (d. 2018)
* September 23 – Ahmad Shah Khan, Crown Prince of Afghanistan
* September 27 – Wilford Brimley, American actor and singer (d. 2020)
*
September 28
Events Pre-1600
*48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII.
* 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...
– Brigitte Bardot, French actress, animal rights activist
* September 29 – Idowu Sofola, Nigerian jurist (d. 2018)
* September 30 – Udo Jürgens, Austrian-Swiss composer, popular music singer (d. 2014)
October
* October 4 – Joe Williams (Cook Islands politician), Joe Williams, Cook Islands politician (d. 2020)
* October 7 – Amiri Baraka, African-American poet, playwright and activist (d. 2014)
*
October 9
Events Pre-1600
* 768 – Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned kings of the Franks.
* 1238 – James I of Aragon founds the Kingdom of Valencia.
* 1410 – The first known mention of the Prague astronomical clock.
* 1446 &ndash ...
** Jacobo Majluta Azar, 47th President of the Dominican Republic (d. 1996)
** Harald Grønningen, Norwegian cross-country skier (d. 2016)
** Abdullah Ibrahim, South African pianist and composer
* October 12 – Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani, Prime Minister of Yemen (d. 2015)
* October 13 – Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer
* October 17 – Rico Rodriguez (musician), Rico Rodriguez, Cuban-British musician (d. 2015)
* October 18 – Inger Stevens, Swedish actress (d. 1970)
* October 19
** Glória Menezes, Brazilian actress
** Yakubu Gowon, Nigerian politician
*
October 20
Events Pre-1600
*1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent.
* 1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the rel ...
** Empress Michiko, Empress consort of Japan
* October 28 – Martin van der Borgh, Dutch cyclist (d. 2018)
* October 29 – Richard, 6th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (d. 2017)
* October 30 – Frans Brüggen, Dutch musician (d. 2014)
* October 31 – Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler, Princess of Sweden
November
![MansonB33920 8-14-17 (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/MansonB33920_8-14-17_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* November 1 – Umberto Agnelli, Swiss-born automobile executive (d. 2004)
* November 2 – Ken Rosewall, Australian tennis champion
*
November 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
* 1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Br ...
– Kira Muratova, Ukrainian film director, screenwriter and actress (d. 2018)
* November 9
** Ingvar Carlsson, twice prime minister of Sweden
** Hamilton Green, 4th prime minister of Guyana
** Carl Sagan, American astronomer, writer, and TV presenter (d. 1996)
**Tengiz Sigua, 2nd Prime Minister of Georgia (d. 2020)
* November 11 – Elżbieta Krzesińska, Polish athlete (d. 2015)
* November 12 – Charles Manson, American cult leader and murderer (d. 2017)
* November 13 – Garry Marshall, American film producer, director and actor (d. 2016)
* November 21 – Carl-Henning Wijkmark, Swedish novelist and translator (d. 2020)
*
November 23
Events Pre-1600
* 534 BC – Thespis of Icaria becomes the first recorded actor to portray a character on stage.
*1248 – Conquest of Seville by Christian troops under King Ferdinand III of Castile.
* 1499 – Pretender to the th ...
– Lew Hoad, Australian tennis champion (d. 1994)
* November 24 – Alfred Schnittke, Soviet (Volga German) composer (d. 1998)
* November 30 – Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (d. 2008)
December
![Dame Maggie Smith-cropped](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Dame_Maggie_Smith-cropped.jpg)
* December 1 – Billy Paul, African-American singer (d. 2016)
* December 3
**Abimael Guzmán, Peruvian politician, leader of Shining Path (d. 2021)
**Viktor Gorbatko, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2017)
* December 5 – Joan Didion, American novelist (d. 2021)
* December 8 – Alisa Freindlich, Soviet and Russian actress
* December 9
** Judi Dench, English actress
** Junior Wells, American harmonica player (d. 1998)
* December 10 – Howard Martin Temin, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
* December 11 – Radha Viswanathan, Indian vocalist, classical dancer (d. 2018)
* December 12 – Miguel de la Madrid, 52nd president of Mexico (d. 2012)
* December 13 – Richard D. Zanuck, American producer (d. 2012)
* December 14 – Shyam Benegal, Indian film director and screenwriter
* December 15 – Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, 6th president of Somalia (d. 2012)
* December 16 – Meng Zhizhong, Chinese engineer (d. 2019)
* December 17 – Shan Tianfang, Chinese pingshu performer (d. 2018)
* December 18
** Marc Rich, Belgian-born commodities trader (d. 2013)
** Boris Volynov, Russian cosmonaut
* December 19
** Aki Aleong, Trinidad and Tobago-born American actor
** Pratibha Patil, President of India
* December 24 – Stjepan Mesić, 2nd President of Croatia
* December 25 – Phan Văn Khải, 5th Prime Minister of Vietnam (d. 2018)
* December 27– Larisa Latynina, Ukrainian gymnast
* December 28
** Alasdair Gray, Scottish fiction writer and artist (d. 2019)
** Maggie Smith, English actress
** Yujiro Ishihara, Japanese actor (d. 1987)
* December 30
** Del Shannon, American singer (''Runaway (Del Shannon song), Runaway'') (d. 1990)
** Russ Tamblyn, American film and television actor
Deaths
January
![Fritz Haber](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Fritz_Haber.png)
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– Jakob Wassermann, German writer (b. 1873)
* January 6 – Herbert Chapman, English football manager (b. 1878)
* January 7 – Augustin Dubail, French general (b. 1851)
* January 8 – Andrei Bely, Russian writer (b. 1880)
* January 10 – Marinus van der Lubbe, Dutch communist accused of setting fire to the Reichstag (executed) (b. 1909)
* January 11 – Helen Zimmern, German-born British writer and translator (b. 1846)
*
January 15
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months.
* 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
– Hermann Bahr, Austrian writer and playwright (b. 1863)
* January 16 – Henry Walter Barnett, Australian photographer and filmmaker (b. 1862)
* January 21 – Aref Qazvini, Iranian poet, lyricist and musician (b. 1882)
* January 22 – Robert Brady (criminal), Robert Brady, American criminal (b. 1904)
* January 23 – Charles McLaren, 1st Baron Aberconway, Scottish politician and jurist (b. 1850)
* January 29 – Fritz Haber, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868)
February
![Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril.jpg)
* February 2 – Maria Domenica Mantovani, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1862)
* February 3 – Eleonora de Cisneros, American opera singer (b. 1878)
* February 5 – William Morris Davis, American geographer (b. 1850)
*
February 9
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
* 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland.
* 1539 – The first recorded race is hel ...
– Claudio Williman, 20th President of Uruguay (b. 1861)
* February 17 – King Albert I of Belgium (b. 1875)
*February 19 - Caleb Bradham, American pharmacist, inventor of Pepsi (b. 1867)
*
February 21
Events Pre-1600
* 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine.
* 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
* 1440 – The Prus ...
–
Augusto César Sandino
Augusto C. Sandino (; May 18, 1895 February 21, 1934), full name Augusto Nicolás Calderón de Sandino y José de María Sandino, was a Nicaraguan revolutionary and leader of a rebellion between 1927 and 1933 against the United States occupati ...
, Nicaraguan revolutionary and rebel (murdered) (b. 1895)
*
February 23
Events Pre-1600
* 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.
* 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...
** Edward Elgar, Sir Edward Elgar, British composer (b. 1857)
** Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril, Indian Orthodox priest and saint (b. 1858)
* February 25 – John McGraw, American baseball manager and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1873)
March
![Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Prince_Sixtus_of_Bourbon-Parma.jpg)
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
**Wilhelm Diegelmann, German actor (b. 1861)
**Charles Webster Leadbeater, British author and Theosophist (b. 1854)
* March 2 - John Smith Archibald, Canadian architect (b. 1872)
* March 7 - John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair, Scottish politician, Governor General of Canada (b. 1847)
* March 14
** João do Canto e Castro, Portuguese army officer, 67th Prime Minister of Portugal and 5th President of Portugal (b. 1862)
** Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma (b. 1886)
* March 15 – Davidson Black, Canadian-born paleoanthropologist (b. 1884)
* March 19 – Edward Montagu-Stuart-Wortley, British army general (b. 1857)
*
March 20
Events Pre-1600
* 673 – Emperor Emperor Tenmu, Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Asuka, Yamato#Imperial Palaces, Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka, Yamato, Asuka.
*1206 – Michael IV of Constantinople, Michael IV Au ...
** Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Dutch Queen and regent (b.1858)
** Sydney Deane, Australian cricketer and actor (b. 1863)
* March 21
** Nicanor Abelardo, Filipino composer (b. 1873)
** Lilyan Tashman, American actress (b. 1896)
* March 27 – Francis William Reitz, 5th president of the Orange Free State (b. 1844)
* March 28 – Mahmoud Mokhtar, Egyptian sculptor (b. 1891)
* March 29 – Otto Hermann Kahn, German-born philanthropist (b. 1867)
* March 30
** Paul Cazeneuve, French politician (b. 1852)
** Ronald Munro Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar, Scottish politician, 8th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1860)
April
* April 7
** Béatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild, French socialite (b. 1864)
** Karl von Einem, German general (b. 1853)
* April 9 – Safvet-beg Basagic, Yugoslav writer (b. 1870)
* April 11
** Gerald du Maurier, British actor (b. 1873)
** John Collier (painter), John Collier, British painter (b. 1850)
* April 15 – Karl Dane, Danish actor (b. 1886)
* April 18 – Raffaele Garofalo, Italian criminologist and jurist (b. 1851)
*
April 21
Events Pre-1600
*753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date).
* 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...
- Carsten Borchgrevink, Anglo-Norwegian polar explorer (b. 1864)
* April 26
** Arturs Alberings, 6th Prime Minister of Latvia (b. 1876)
** John Hamilton (gangster), John Hamilton, Canadian gangster (b. 1899)
* April 27 – Joe Vila, American sportswriter (b. 1866)
* April 28 – Charley Patton, American Delta blues musician
* April 30 – Hugh L. Scott, Major General of the US Army (b. 1853)
May
![Edward_William_Nelson](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Edward_William_Nelson.jpg)
* May 12 - Gertrude Abbott Australian abbott (b. 1846)
* May 17 – Cass Gilbert, American architect (b. 1859)
*
May 19
Events
Pre-1600
* 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace.
* 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected.
* 1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev.
*1445 &n ...
– Edward William Nelson, American naturalist (b. 1855)
* May 21 – James Durkin (actor), James Durkin, Canadian-born American actor (b. 1879)
*
May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
* 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
*1533 – The marriage of King Henry VI ...
** Clyde Barrow, American outlaw, member of Barrow Gang (b. 1909)
** Bonnie Parker, American outlaw, member of Barrow Gang (b. 1910)
* May 24 – Brand Whitlock, American journalist and politician (b. 1869)
* May 25 – Gustav Holst, British composer (b. 1874)
* May 26 – Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta (b. 1841)
* May 29 – Eugenie Besserer, American silent film actress (b. 1868)
* May 30
** Tōgō Heihachirō, Japanese admiral (b. 1848)
** Julia Lopes de Almeida, Brazilian advocate and writer (b. 1862)
* May 31 – Lew Cody, American actor (b. 1884)
June
![SchleicherEn1933](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/SchleicherEn1933.jpeg)
* June 8
** Dorothy Dell, American actress (b. 1915)
* June 9 – Medeiros e Albuquerque, Brazilian poet and politician (b. 1867)
*
June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
– Frederick Delius, British composer (b. 1862)
* June 11 – Lev Vygotsky, Russian developmental psychologist (b. 1896)
* June 19 – Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872-1934), Prince Bernhard of Lippe (b. 1872)
*
June 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded.
* 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England.
* 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coas ...
– Francesco Buhagiar, 2nd Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1876)
*
June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...
– Murdered during the
Night of the Long Knives
The Night of the Long Knives (German: ), or the Röhm purge (German: ''Röhm-Putsch''), also called Operation Hummingbird (German: ''Unternehmen Kolibri''), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934. Chancellor Ad ...
:
** Karl Ernst, Nazi SA leader in Berlin (b. 1904)
**Fritz Gerlich, German journalist (b. 1883)
** Edmund Heines, Deputy SA leader (b. 1897)
**Gustav von Kahr, German politician (b. 1862)
** Kurt von Schleicher, 23rd Chancellor of Germany (German Reich), Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882)
** Gregor Strasser, German Nazi politician (b. 1892)
July
![Engelbert Dollfuss](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Engelbert_Dollfuss.png)
* July 1
** Ernst Röhm, German politician, Nazi
SA Leader (assassinated) (b. 1887)
** Edgar Jung, German lawyer and political activist (assassinated) (b. 1894)
* July 3
** Emma Irene Åström, Finnish teacher, Finland's first female university graduate (b. 1847)
** Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Dutch prince consort (b. 1876)
* July 4
** Marie Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Nobel Prize in Physics, physics (b. 1867)
** Hayim Nahman Bialik, Russian-born Jewish poet, considered Israel's national poet (b. 1873)
* July 5 – Ahmad Zaki Pasha, Egyptian philologist (b. 1867)
* July 6
**Alec B. Francis, English actor (b. 1867)
**Prince Pedro Augusto of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1866)
* July 8 – Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer (b. 1848)
* July 10 – Erich Mühsam, German author (b. 1878)
*
July 13
Events Pre-1600
* 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
* 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
*1260 – The Livon ...
** Kate Sheppard, New Zealand women's suffragist (b. 1848)
** Ignacio Sánchez Mejías, Spanish bullfighter (b. 1891)
* July 15
** Louis F. Gottschalk, American composer (b. 1864)
** Jules Renkin, Belgian politician and 28th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1862)
* July 16 – Carlo Bergamini (sculptor), Carlo Bergamini, Italian sculptor (b. 1868)
* July 20 – Padre Cicero, Brazilian Roman Catholic priest and reverend (b. 1844)
* July 21 – Hubert Lyautey, Marshal of France (b. 1854)
* July 22 –
John Dillinger
John Herbert Dillinger (June 22, 1903 – July 22, 1934) was an American gangster during the Great Depression. He led the Dillinger Gang, which was accused of robbing 24 banks and four police stations. Dillinger was imprisoned several times and ...
, American gangster (b. 1903)
* July 23 – María Pilar López de Maturana Ortiz de Zárate, Spanish Roman Catholic religious blessed and blessed (b. 1884)
* July 24 – Hans Hahn (mathematician), Hans Hahn, Austrian mathematician (b. 1879)
*
July 25
Events Pre-1600
* 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
* 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
** François Coty, French perfume manufacturer (b. 1874)
**
Engelbert Dollfuss
Engelbert Dollfuß (alternatively: ''Dolfuss'', ; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian clerical fascist politician who served as Chancellor of Austria between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he a ...
, Austrian statesman and 10th Chancellor of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1892)
** Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian anarchist (b. 1888)
* July 26 – Winsor McCay, American comic creator and animator (b. 1869)
* July 27 – Hubert Lyautey, French general and colonial administrator. (b. 1854)
* July 28
** Marie Dressler, Canadian actress (b. 1868)
** Louis Tancred, South African cricketer (b. 1876)
** Edith Yorke, British actress (b. 1867)
* July 30 – Henry Norris (businessman), Sir Henry Norris, British politician and businessman (b. 1865)
August
![President Hindenburg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/President_Hindenburg.jpg)
*
August 2
Events Pre-1600
*338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.
*216 BC – The Carthaginian arm ...
–
Paul von Hindenburg
Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (; abbreviated ; 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German field marshal and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany fro ...
, German general and politician, 2nd President of Germany (b. 1847)
* August 7 – Hermann Kusmanek von Burgneustädten, Austro-Hungarian general (b. 1860)
*
August 8
Events Pre-1600
* 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as th ...
– Wilbert Robinson, American baseball manager and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1863)
* August 9 – Alfred Steux, Belgian road racing cyclist (b. 1892)
* August 10 – George Hill (director), George Hill, American director (b. 1895)
* August 13 – Mary Hunter Austin, American writer of fiction and non-fiction (b. 1868)
* August 14 – Raymond Hood, American architect (b. 1881)
* August 23 – Homer Van Meter, American criminal and bank robber (b. 1905)
* August 27 – Linda Agostini, British-born Australian homicide victim (b. 1905)
* August 28 – Edgeworth David, Sir Edgeworth David, British-born Australian geologist and explorer (b. 1858)
September
![Kralj aleksandar1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Kralj_aleksandar1.jpg)
* September 1 – Fanny Davies, British pianist (b. 1861)
* September 2 – Russ Columbo, American singer and actor (b. 1908)
* September 9 – Roger Fry, British artist (b. 1866)
* September 10 – George Henschel, Sir George Henschel, English musician (b. 1850)
* September 13 – Serafina Astafieva, Russian ballet dancer (b. 1876)
*
September 21
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.
* 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders.
* 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...
– Genevieve Stebbins, American author and teacher (b. 1857)
*
September 22
Events Pre-1600
* 904 – The warlord Zhu Quanzhong kills Emperor Zhaozong, the penultimate emperor of the Tang dynasty, after seizing control of the imperial government.
* 1236 – The Samogitians defeat the Livonian Brothers of th ...
– Charles Makley, American criminal (b. 1889)
*September 27 – Ellen Willmott, English horticulturalist (b. 1858)
October
![Raymond Poincaré](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9.jpg)
* October 5 – Jean Vigo, French film director (b. 1905)
*
October 9
Events Pre-1600
* 768 – Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned kings of the Franks.
* 1238 – James I of Aragon founds the Kingdom of Valencia.
* 1410 – The first known mention of the Prague astronomical clock.
* 1446 &ndash ...
** King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (b. 1888) (assassinated)
** Vlado Chernozemski, Bulgarian revolutionary leader (b. 1897)
** Saint Innocencio of Mary Immaculate, Spanish Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1887)
* October 12 – Willy Clarkson, British costume designer and wigmaker (b. 1861)
* October 14
** Mikhail Matyushin, Russian painter and composer (b. 1861)
** Arthur Schuster, Sir Arthur Schuster, German-born British physicist (b. 1851)
* October 15 – Raymond Poincaré, 58th Prime Minister of France and 10th President of France during World War I (b. 1860)
* October 17 – Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish histologist and neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1852)
* October 19 – Alexander von Kluck, German general (b. 1846)
* October 22 – Pretty Boy Floyd, American bank robber (shot by law officers) (b. 1904)
* October 24 – Giacomo Montalto, Italian socialist leader and politician (b. 1864)
* October 29 – Lou Tellegen, Dutch actor (b. 1881)
November
![Baby face nelson](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Baby_face_nelson.png)
* November 2 – Edmond James de Rothschild, French philanthropist (b. 1845)
*
November 3
Events Pre-1600
* 361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor.
*1333 – The River Arno floods causing massive damage in F ...
– Sir Robert McAlpine, 1st Baronet, Sir Robert McAlpine, Scottish builder (b. 1847)
* November 8 – James Mark Baldwin, American philosopher and psychologist (b. 1861)
* November 16
** Alice Liddell, English inspiration for ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' (b. 1852)
** Carl von Linde, German scientist and engineer (b. 1842)
**Georgi Todorov (general), Georgi Todorov, Bulgarian general (b. 1858)
* November 20 – Willem de Sitter, Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (b. 1872)
* November 22 – Harry Steppe, American vaudeville performer (b. 1888)
* November 24 – Jirō Tamon, Japanese general (b. 1878)
* November 27 – Baby Face Nelson, American gangster (b. 1908)
* November 30 – Hélène Boucher, French aviator (b. 1908)
December
![Carl Michael zu Mecklenburg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Carl_Michael_zu_Mecklenburg.jpg)
* December 1
** Sergey Kirov, Soviet politician (b. 1886)
** Blind Blake, American blues singer (b. 1896)
*December 4 - Adrien de Gerlache, Belgian explorer (b. 1866)
* December 5 – Oskar von Hutier, German general (b. 1857)
* December 6 – Charles Michael, Duke of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1863)
*December 7 – Mary Baker McQuesten, Canadian letter writer and missionary (b. 1849)
* December 9 – Alceste De Ambris, Italian syndicalist (b. 1874)
* December 26 – Wallace Thurman, American writer (b. 1902)
* December 28
** Lowell Sherman, American actor and director (b. 1885)
** Pablo Gargallo, Spanish sculptor and painter (b. 1881)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Not awarded this year
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Harold Clayton Urey
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot, William Parry Murphy
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Luigi Pirandello
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Arthur Henderson
References
External links
The 1930s Timeline: 1934– from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia
{{DEFAULTSORT:1934
1934,