Events

January

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

– The

Moon The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System and the largest and most massive relative to its parent planet, with a diameter about one-quarter that of Earth (comparable to the width of ...

moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be on January 1, 2257, at . *

January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. *1531 – The 6.4–7.1 1531 Lisbon earthquake, Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. *1564 – ...

– The

Indian National Congress The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Em ...

declares this date as Independence Day, or as the day for Poorna Swaraj (Complete Independence). *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession o ...

– The first

patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A p ...

for a

field-effect transistor The field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that uses an electric field to control the flow of current in a semiconductor. FETs (JFETs or MOSFETs) are devices with three terminals: ''source'', ''gate'', and ''drain''. FETs contro ...

is granted in the United States, to

Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Julius Edgar Lilienfeld (April 18, 1882 – August 28, 1963) was an Austro-Hungarian, and later American (where he moved in 1921) physicist and electrical engineer, who was credited with the first patent on the field-effect (FET) (1925). Be ...

. *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...

–

Pavel Molchanov Pavel Alexandrovich Molchanov (russian: Павел Александрович Молчанов) ( in Volosovo, Russian Empire – October 1941 in Leningrad, Russian SFSR) was a Soviet Russian meteorologist and the inventor of the first Russian r ...

launches a

radiosonde A radiosonde is a battery-powered telemetry instrument carried into the atmosphere usually by a weather balloon that measures various atmospheric parameters and transmits them by radio to a ground receiver. Modern radiosondes measure or calcula ...

from

Slutsk Slutsk ( officially transliterated as Sluck, be, Слуцк; russian: Слуцк; pl, Słuck, lt, Sluckas, Yiddish/Hebrew: סלוצק ''Slutsk'') is a city in Belarus, located on the Sluch River south of Minsk. As of 2022, its population is ...

in the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

February

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, sparkin ...

– The

Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng The Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng (; chữ Hán: ; ), abbreviated VNQDĐ or Việt Quốc, was a nationalist and democratic socialist political party that sought independence from French colonial rule in Vietnam during the early 20th century ...

launch the

Yên Bái mutiny The Yên Bái mutiny ( vi, Tổng khởi-nghĩa Yên-báy, "Yên Bái general uprising") was an uprising of Vietnamese soldiers in the French colonial army on 10 February 1930 in collaboration with civilian supporters who were members of the Vi� ...

in the hope of ending French colonial rule in

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

. *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. * 1268 &ndas ...

– While studying photographs taken in January,

Clyde Tombaugh Clyde William Tombaugh (February 4, 1906 January 17, 1997) was an American astronomer. He discovered Pluto in 1930, the first object to be discovered in what would later be identified as the Kuiper belt. At the time of discovery, Pluto was cons ...

confirms the existence of

Pluto Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of trans-Neptunian object, bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the S ...

, a celestial body considered a planet until redefined as a

dwarf planet A dwarf planet is a small planetary-mass object that is in direct orbit of the Sun, smaller than any of the eight classical planets but still a world in its own right. The prototypical dwarf planet is Pluto. The interest of dwarf planets to p ...

in 2006.

March

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his ''bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...

Mahatma Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist Quote: "... marks Gandhi as a hybrid cosmopolitan figure who transformed ... anti- ...

informs the British

Viceroy of India The Governor-General of India (1773–1950, from 1858 to 1947 the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, commonly shortened to Viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom and after Indian independence in 19 ...

that

civil disobedience Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government (or any other authority). By some definitions, civil disobedience has to be nonviolent to be called "civil". Hen ...

will begin the following week. **

André Tardieu André Pierre Gabriel Amédée Tardieu (; 22 September 1876 – 15 September 1945) was three times Prime Minister of France (3 November 1929 – 17 February 1930; 2 March – 4 December 1930; 20 February – 10 May 1932) and a dominant figure of F ...

begins his second term as

Prime Minister of France The prime minister of France (french: link=no, Premier ministre français), officially the prime minister of the French Republic, is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of the Council of Ministers. The prime minister ...

. *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...

International Unemployment Day International Unemployment Day (March 6, 1930) was a coordinated international campaign of marches and Demonstration (people), demonstrations, marked by hundreds of thousands of people in major cities around the world taking to the streets to pro ...

is observed in countries throughout the world. ** The first

frozen food Freezing food preserves it from the time it is prepared to the time it is eaten. Since early times, farmers, fishermen, and trappers have preserved grains and produce in unheated buildings during the winter season. Freezing food slows decompositi ...

s of

Clarence Birdseye Clarence Birdseye (December 9, 1886 – October 7, 1956) was an American inventor, entrepreneur, and naturalist, considered the founder of the modern frozen food industry. He founded the frozen food company Birds Eye. Among his inventions during h ...

go on sale in

Springfield, Massachusetts Springfield is a city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States, and the seat of Hampden County. Springfield sits on the eastern bank of the Connecticut River near its confluence with three rivers: the western Westfield River, the ...

. *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...

–

sets off on a 200-mile protest march towards the sea with 78 followers, to protest against the British monopoly on salt; more will join them during the

Salt March The Salt March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, Dandi March and the Dandi Satyagraha, was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India led by Mahatma Gandhi. The twenty-four day march lasted from 12 March to 6 April 1930 as a di ...

that ends on

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

. *

March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...

– The government of

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

requests the international community to adopt

Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...

and

Ankara Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, maki ...

, as the official names for

Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...

and Angora. The U.S. State Department adopts the "Istanbul" form in May. *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...

–

Heinrich Brüning Heinrich Aloysius Maria Elisabeth Brüning (; 26 November 1885 – 30 March 1970) was a German Centre Party politician and academic, who served as the chancellor of Germany during the Weimar Republic from 1930 to 1932. A political scienti ...

is appointed

Chancellor of Germany The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,; often shortened to ''Bundeskanzler''/''Bundeskanzlerin'', / is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the Ge ...

. *

March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V� ...

– The

Motion Picture Production Code The Motion Picture Production Code was a set of industry guidelines for the self-censorship of content that was applied to most motion pictures released by major studios in the United States from 1934 to 1968. It is also popularly known as the ...

("Hays Code") is instituted in the United States, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in films for the next 40 years.

April

April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. *132 ...

** In an act of

breaks the salt laws of British India by making salt by the sea at the end of the

. ** The

International Left Opposition International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The T ...

(ILO) is founded in Paris, France. *

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...

–

Neoprene Neoprene (also polychloroprene) is a family of synthetic rubbers that are produced by polymerization of chloroprene.Werner Obrecht, Jean-Pierre Lambert, Michael Happ, Christiane Oppenheimer-Stix, John Dunn and Ralf Krüger "Rubber, 4. Emulsion R ...

is invented by

DuPont DuPont de Nemours, Inc., commonly shortened to DuPont, is an American multinational chemical company first formed in 1802 by French-American chemist and industrialist Éleuthère Irénée du Pont de Nemours. The company played a major role in ...

. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...

** The Chittagong Rebellion begins in India, with the

Chittagong armoury raid The Chittagong armoury raid, also known as the Chittagong uprising, was an attempt on 18 April 1930 to raid the armoury of police and auxiliary forces from the Chittagong armoury in the Bengal Presidency of British India (now in Bangladesh) b ...

. **

BBC Radio BBC Radio is an operational business division and service of the British Broadcasting Corporation (which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a royal charter since 1927). The service provides national radio stations covering th ...

from London uniquely reports "Good evening. Today is Good Friday. There is no news." *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 *753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...

** A fire in the

Ohio Penitentiary The Ohio Penitentiary, also known as the Ohio State Penitentiary, was a prison operated from 1834 to 1984 in downtown Columbus, Ohio, in what is now known as the Arena District. The state had built a small prison in Columbus in 1813, but as the ...

Columbus Columbus is a Latinized version of the Italian surname "''Colombo''". It most commonly refers to: * Christopher Columbus (1451-1506), the Italian explorer * Columbus, Ohio, capital of the U.S. state of Ohio Columbus may also refer to: Places ...

, United States kills 320 people. ** The

Turkestan–Siberia Railway The Turkestan–Siberian Railway (commonly abbreviated as the ''Turk–Sib'', kk, Түрксіб, translit=Türksib, , ; russian: Турксиб, translit=Turksib) is a broad gauge railway that connects Central Asia with Siberia. It starts nort ...

is completed. *

April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. * 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern ...

– The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the

London Naval Treaty The London Naval Treaty, officially the Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament, was an agreement between the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy, and the United States that was signed on 22 April 1930. Seeking to address is ...

to regulate

submarine A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely op ...

warfare and limit naval shipbuilding.

May

May 5 Events Pre-1600 * 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins. *1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. * 1260 – Ku ...

–

is re-arrested. *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. *1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Spanis ...

– The 7.1 Salmas earthquake shakes northwestern Iran and southeastern Turkey, with a maximum

Mercalli intensity The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...

of IX (''Violent''); up to 3,000 people are killed. *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...

– The

National Pan-Hellenic Council The National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) is a collaborative umbrella council composed of historically African American fraternities and sororities also referred to as Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs). The NPHC was formed as a permanent ...

is founded in

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...

– Nurse

Ellen Church Ellen Church (September 22, 1904 – August 22, 1965) was the first female flight attendant. A trained nurse and pilot, Church wanted to pilot commercial aircraft, but those jobs were not open to women. Still wanting to fly, Church successf ...

becomes the world's first

flight attendant A flight attendant, also known as steward/stewardess or air host/air hostess, is a member of the aircrew aboard commercial flights, many business jets and some government aircraft. Collectively called cabin crew, flight attendants are prima ...

, working on a

Boeing Air Transport United Airlines is the third largest airline in the world, with 86,852 employees (which includes the entire holding company United Airlines Holdings) and 721 aircraft. It was the brainchild of William Boeing and emerged from his consolidation of n ...

trimotor. *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. *1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1364 ...

–

Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina ( , ; 24 October 189130 May 1961), nicknamed ''El Jefe'' (, "The Chief" or "The Boss"), was a Dominican dictator who ruled the Dominican Republic from February 1930 until his assassination in May 1961. He ser ...

is elected president of the

Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares wit ...

. *

May 17 Events Pre-1600 *1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. * 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...

– French Prime Minister

decides to withdraw the remaining French troops from the

Rhineland The Rhineland (german: Rheinland; french: Rhénanie; nl, Rijnland; ksh, Rhingland; Latinised name: ''Rhenania'') is a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section. Term Historically, the Rhinelands ...

(they depart by

June 30 Events Pre-1600 * 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy. * 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...

). *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

–

Amy Johnson Amy Johnson (born 1 July 1903 – disappeared 5 January 1941) was a pioneering English pilot who was the first woman to fly solo from London to Australia. Flying solo or with her husband, Jim Mollison, she set many long-distance records duri ...

lands in

Darwin, Australia Darwin ( ; Larrakia: ) is the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia. With an estimated population of 147,255 as of 2019, the city contains the majority of the residents of the sparsely populated Northern Territory. It is the smalle ...

, becoming the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia (she left on

for the 11,000 mile flight). *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...

–

Canadian Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...

adventurer William "Red" Hill, Sr. makes a five-hour journey, down the

Niagara Gorge Niagara Gorge is an long canyon carved by the Niagara River along the Canada–United States border, between the U.S. state of New York and the Canadian province of Ontario. It begins at the base of Niagara Falls and ends downriver at the ed ...

rapids.

June

June 7 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Istanbul, Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). * 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir of Croatia, Branimir as an independent ...

–

Carl Gustaf Ekman Carl Gustaf Ekman (6 October 1872 – 15 June 1945) was a Swedish politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 1911 to 1932 (serving in both lower and upper houses), leader of the Freeminded People's Party between 1924 and 1932, and served as ...

becomes

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

, for the second and final time. *

June 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. *1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...

– The

Bureau of Narcotics The Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN) was an agency of the United States Department of the Treasury, established in the Department of the Treasury by an act of June 14, 1930, consolidating the functions of the Federal Narcotics Control Board a ...

is established under the

United States Department of the Treasury The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States, where it serves as an executive department. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and t ...

, replacing the Narcotics Division of the Prohibition Unit. *

June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. * 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...

–

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Gr ...

signs the

Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act The Tariff Act of 1930 (codified at ), commonly known as the Smoot–Hawley Tariff or Hawley–Smoot Tariff, was a law that implemented protectionist trade policies in the United States. Sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis ...

into law, implementing protectionist trade policies in the United States.

July

July 4 Events Pre-1600 * 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...

– The dedication of

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...

's sculpted head is held at

Mount Rushmore Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a national memorial centered on a colossal sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore (Lakota: ''Tȟuŋkášila Šákpe'', or Six Grandfathers) in the Black Hills near Keystone, South Dakota ...

South Dakota South Dakota (; Sioux language, Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state in the West North Central states, North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Lakota people, Lakota and Dakota peo ...

. *

July 5 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus ( Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius. * 1316 – The Burgundian a ...

– The Seventh Lambeth Conference of Anglican bishops opens. This conference approves the use of

birth control Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth contr ...

in limited circumstances, a move away from the

Christian views on contraception Prior to the 20th century, three major branches of Christianity—Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Protestantism—including leading Protestant reformers Martin Luther and John Calvin generally held a critical perspective of birth control (also known ...

expressed by the Sixth Conference a decade earlier. *

July 7 Events Pre-1600 * 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks. * 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution. * 1520 – Spanish ''conquistado ...

** The Lapua Movement marches in

Helsinki Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the Capital city, capital, primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Finland, most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of U ...

, Finland. ** Building of the Boulder Dam (later known as the

Hoover Dam Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression and was dedicated on Se ...

) is started on the

Colorado River The Colorado River ( es, Río Colorado) is one of the principal rivers (along with the Rio Grande) in the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The river drains an expansive, arid drainage basin, watershed that encompasses parts of ...

, in the United States. *

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death. * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abd ...

– Australian

cricket Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striki ...

Donald Bradman Sir Donald George Bradman, (27 August 1908 – 25 February 2001), nicknamed "The Don", was an Australian international cricketer, widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time. Bradman's career Test batting average of 99.94 has bee ...

scores a world record 309 runs in one day, on his way to the highest individual Test innings of 334, during a

Test match Test match in some sports refers to a sporting contest between national representative teams and may refer to: * Test cricket * Test match (indoor cricket) * Test match (rugby union) * Test match (rugby league) * Test match (association football) ...

against

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

. *

July 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England. * 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots. *1260 – The Livon ...

– The first

FIFA World Cup The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the ' ( FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament ha ...

starts:

Lucien Laurent Lucien Laurent (10 December 1907 – 11 April 2005) was a French association football player who played as a Forward (association football), forward. Playing for France national football team, France, at the 1930 FIFA World Cup, 1930 World Cup he ...

scores the first goal, for

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

against

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

. *

July 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. * 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is re ...

–

Georges Simenon Georges Joseph Christian Simenon (; 13 February 1903 – 4 September 1989) was a Belgian writer. He published nearly 500 novels and numerous short works, and was the creator of the fictional detective Jules Maigret. Early life and education ...

's detective character Inspector

Jules Maigret Jules Maigret (), or simply Maigret, is a fictional French police detective, a '' commissaire'' ("commissioner") of the Paris ''Brigade Criminelle'' ('' Direction Régionale de la Police Judiciaire de Paris:36, Quai des Orfèvres''), created b ...

makes his first appearance in print under Simenon's own name, when the novel ''Pietr-le-Letton'' (known in English as ''

The Strange Case of Peter the Lett , translator = , image = File:PietrLeLetton.jpg , caption = First edition , author = Georges Simenon , illustrator = , cover_artist = , country = Belgium , language = French , series = Inspector Jules Maigret , genre = Detective fic ...

'') begins serialization in a French weekly magazine. Simenon will eventually write 75 novels (as well as 28 short stories) featuring the pipe-smoking Paris detective. *

July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...

–

Laurence Olivier Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier (; 22 May 1907 – 11 July 1989) was an English actor and director who, along with his contemporaries Ralph Richardson and John Gielgud, was one of a trio of male actors who dominated the Theatre of the U ...

marries actress

Jill Esmond Jill Esmond (born Jill Esmond Moore; 26 January 1908 – 28 July 1990) was an English stage and screen actress. She was the first wife of Laurence Olivier. Early life Esmond was born in London, the daughter of stage actors Henry V. Esmond and ...

. *

July 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. * 1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day his former Chancellor, T ...

– R. B. Bennett defeats

William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King (December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was a Canadian statesman and politician who served as the tenth prime minister of Canada for three non-consecutive terms from 1921 to 1926, 1926 to 1930, and 1935 to 1948. A Li ...

in federal elections, and becomes the

Prime Minister of Canada The prime minister of Canada (french: premier ministre du Canada, link=no) is the head of government of Canada. Under the Westminster system, the prime minister governs with the Confidence and supply, confidence of a majority the elected Hou ...

. *

July 29 Events Pre-1600 * 587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple. * 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque Palenque (; Yucatec Maya language, Yucatec Maya: ), also anciently known in the ...

– British

airship An airship or dirigible balloon is a type of aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air under its own power. Aerostats gain their lift from a lifting gas that is less dense than the surrounding air. In early ...

R100 His Majesty's Airship R100 was a privately designed and built British rigid airship made as part of a two-ship competition to develop a commercial airship service for use on British Empire routes as part of the Imperial Airship Scheme. The ot ...

'' sets out for a successful 78-hour passage to Canada. *

July 30 Events Pre-1600 * 762 – Baghdad is founded. *1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. * 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islan ...

Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...

beats

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

4–2, to win the first

Association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...

final at

Estadio Centenario Estadio Centenario is a stadium in the Parque Batlle of Montevideo, Uruguay, used primarily for football. The stadium was built between 1929 and 1930 to host the inaugural 1930 FIFA World Cup, as well as to commemorate the centenary of Uruguay ...

, in

Montevideo Montevideo () is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Uruguay, largest city of Uruguay. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 1,319,108 (about one-third of the country's total population) in an area of . M ...

. ** New York station

W2XBS WNBC (channel 4) is a television station in New York City, serving as the flagship of the NBC network. It is owned and operated by the network's NBC Owned Television Stations division alongside Linden, New Jersey–licensed Telemundo station W ...

is put in charge of

NBC The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an Television in the United States, American English-language Commercial broadcasting, commercial television network, broadcast television and radio network. The flagship property of the NBC Enterta ...

broadcast engineers. *

July 31 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide. * 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Tr ...

– The radio drama ''

The Shadow The Shadow is a fictional character created by magazine publishers Street & Smith and writer Walter B. Gibson. Originally created to be a mysterious radio show narrator, and developed into a distinct literary character in 1931 by writer Walter ...

'' airs for the first time in the United States. *

July July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the fourth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., it being the mont ...

– The First Eastern Women's Congress takes place in

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

August

August August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and the fifth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. Its zodiac sign is Leo and was originally named ''Sextilis'' in Latin because it was the 6th month in ...

– The

volcanic island Geologically, a high island or volcanic island is an island of volcanic origin. The term can be used to distinguish such islands from low islands, which are formed from sedimentation or the uplifting of coral reefs (which have often formed ...

Anak Krakatau Anak Krakatoa ( id, Anak Krakatau)English translation and common name: ''Child of Krakatoa'' is a volcanic island in Indonesia. On 29 December 1927, Anak Krakatoa first emerged from the caldera formed in 1883 by the explosive volcanic eruption ...

begins to form permanently in the

Sunda Strait The Sunda Strait ( id, Selat Sunda) is the strait between the Indonesian islands of Java island, Java and Sumatra. It connects the Java Sea with the Indian Ocean. Etymology The strait takes its name from the Sunda Kingdom, which ruled the weste ...

. *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. * 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...

– Judge

Joseph Force Crater Joseph Force Crater (January 5, 1889 – disappeared August 6, 1930; declared legally dead June 6, 1939) was a New York State Supreme Court Justice who mysteriously vanished amid a political scandal. He was last seen leaving a restaurant on West ...

disappears in

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...

. *

August 7 Events Pre-1600 * 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer. * 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...

** R. B. Bennett takes office as the eleventh

. **

Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith J. Thomas Shipp and Abraham S. Smith were young African-American men who were murdered in a spectacle lynching by a mob of thousands on August 7, 1930, in Marion, Indiana. They were taken from jail cells, beaten, and hanged from a tree in the c ...

Marion, Indiana Marion is a city in Grant County, Indiana, United States. The population was 29,948 as of the 2010 United States Census. The city is the county seat of Grant County. It is named for Francis Marion, a brigadier general from South Carolina in the ...

;

James Cameron James Francis Cameron (born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian filmmaker. A major figure in the post-New Hollywood era, he is considered one of the industry's most innovative filmmakers, regularly pushing the boundaries of cinematic capability w ...

survives. This will be the last recorded lynching of

African American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of ens ...

s in the

Northern United States The Northern United States, commonly referred to as the American North, the Northern States, or simply the North, is a geographical or historical region of the United States. History Early history Before the 19th century westward expansion, the "N ...

. *

August 9 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt. * 378 – Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens ...

– Cartoon character

Betty Boop Betty Boop is an animated cartoon character created by Max Fleischer, with help from animators including Grim Natwick.Pointer (2017) She originally appeared in the ''Talkartoon'' and ''Betty Boop'' film series, which were produced by Fleischer ...

appears for the first time on screen, in the

animated film Animation is a method by which image, still figures are manipulated to appear as Motion picture, moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent cel, celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited ...

Dizzy Dishes ''Dizzy Dishes'' is an animated cartoon created by Fleischer Studios in 1930, as part of the ''Talkartoon'' series. It is noted for being the first cartoon in which Betty Boop appears. Plot The cartoon begins with four anthropomorphic flapper c ...

''. *

August 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade. * 1121 – Ba ...

– Turkish troops move into

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

, to fight

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish languages *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern Kurdistan **Eastern Kurdistan **Northern Kurdistan **Western Kurdistan See also * Kurd (dis ...

insurgents. *

August 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs. * 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...

– The first British Empire Games open in

Hamilton, Ontario Hamilton is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Hamilton has a population of 569,353, and its census metropolitan area, which includes Burlington and Grimsby, has a population of 785,184. The city is approximately southwest of T ...

, Canada. *

August 27 Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days. * 1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England. *1232 – Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the K ...

– A

military junta A military junta () is a government led by a committee of military leaders. The term ''junta'' means "meeting" or "committee" and originated in the national and local junta organized by the Spanish resistance to Napoleon's invasion of Spain in ...

takes over in

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

September

September 3 Events Pre-1600 *36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompey, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate. * 301 – San Marino, one of the s ...

– A huge hurricane in the Caribbean demolishes most of the city of

Santo Domingo , total_type = Total , population_density_km2 = auto , timezone = AST (UTC −4) , area_code_type = Area codes , area_code = 809, 829, 849 , postal_code_type = Postal codes , postal_code = 10100–10699 (Distrito Nacional) , websi ...

, in the

. *

September 6 Events Pre-1600 * 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later. *1492 – Christopher Colu ...

–

1930 Argentine coup d'état The 1930 Argentine coup d'état, also known as the September Revolution by its supporters, involved the overthrow of the Argentine government of Hipólito Yrigoyen by forces loyal to General José Félix Uriburu. The coup took place on 6 Septemb ...

José Félix Uriburu Lieutenant General José Félix Benito Uriburu y Uriburu (20 July 186829 April 1932) was the President of the Provisional Government of Argentina, ousting the successor to President Hipólito Yrigoyen by means of a military coup and declaring ...

carries out a military coup, overthrowing

Hipólito Yrigoyen Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen (; 12 July 1852 – 3 July 1933) was an Argentine politician of the Radical Civic Union and two-time President of Argentina, who served his first term from 1916 to 1922 and his second ...

, President of

. *

September 8 Events Pre-1600 * 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty. * 1100 – Election of Antipope Theodor ...

– Scotch Tape, invented by

Richard Gurley Drew Richard Gurley Drew (June 22, 1899 – December 14, 1980) was an American inventor who worked for Johnson and Johnson, Permacel Co., and 3M in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he invented masking tape and cellophane tape. Biography When Drew joined 3M i ...

, is sold by the 3M company in the United States for the first time. *

September 12 Events Pre-1600 *490 BC – Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece. * 372 – Sixteen Kingdoms: Ji ...

–

Wilfred Rhodes Wilfred Rhodes (29 October 1877 – 8 July 1973) was an English professional cricketer who played 58 Test matches for England between 1899 and 1930. In Tests, Rhodes took 127 wickets and scored 2,325 runs, becoming the first Englishman t ...

plays the final match in his international career, by taking 5 for 95 for H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI, against the

Australians Australians, colloquially known as Aussies, are the citizens, nationals and individuals associated with the country of Australia. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or ethno-cultural. For most Australians, several (or all) ...

. At the age of 52, he also becomes the oldest man to play in a Test match. *

September 14 Events Pre-1600 *AD 81 – Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. * 629 – Emperor Heraclius enters Constantinople in triumph after his victory over the Persian Empire. * 786 – "Night ...

–

German federal election, 1930 German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

National Socialists Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...

win 107 seats in the German Parliament, the Reichstag (18.3% of all the votes), making them the second largest party. *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...

– The Kurdish Ararat rebellion is suppressed by the Turks. *

September 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1058 – Agnes of Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to negotiate about the border territory of Burgenland. *1066 – At the Battle of Fulford, Harald Hardrada defeats earls Morcar and Edwin. * 1187 – Saladin ...

– The Eastern Catholic Rite

Syro-Malankara Catholic Church The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church, also known as the Malankara Syrian Catholic Church, is an Eastern Catholic '' sui iuris'' particular church in full communion with the worldwide Catholic Church possessing self-governance under the Code of Ca ...

is formed. *

September 27 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England. * 1331 – The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teuto ...

–

İsmet İnönü Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish army officer and statesman of Kurdish descent, who served as the second President of Turkey from 11 November 1938 to 22 May 1950, and its Prime Minister three tim ...

forms a new government in

(6th government).

October

October October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and the sixth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôct ...

– The

Indochinese Communist Party The Indochinese Communist Party (ICP), km, បក្សកុម្មុយនីស្តឥណ្ឌូចិន, lo, ອິນດູຈີນພັກກອມມູນິດ, zh, t=印度支那共產黨 was a political party which was t ...

is formed. *

October 1 Events Pre-1600 * 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. * 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated. * 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadwig. ...

– British rule of Weihaiwei ends, as it is returned to China. *

October 3 Events Pre-1600 * 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day. * 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Juliu ...

– The

German Socialist Labour Party in Poland – Left The German Socialist Labour Party in Poland – Left (german: Deutsche Sozialistische Arbeitspartei in Polen – Linke, DSAP–Linke; pl, Niemiecka Socjalistyczna Partia Robotnicza w Polsce – Lewica) was a political party in the Second Pol ...

is founded, following a split in the DSAP in

Łódź Łódź, also rendered in English as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canti ...

. *

October 5 Events Pre-1600 * 610 – Heraclius arrives at Constantinople, kills Byzantine Emperor Phocas, and becomes emperor. * 816 – King Louis the Pious is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by the Pope. * 869 – The Fourth Coun ...

– British

R101 R101 was one of a pair of British rigid airships completed in 1929 as part of a British government programme to develop civil airships capable of service on long-distance routes within the British Empire. It was designed and built by an Air Mi ...

'' crashes in France en route to India, on its maiden long-range flight, resulting in the loss of 48 lives. *

October 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. * 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's ...

– Ståhlberg kidnapping: The former and first

President of Finland The president of the Republic of Finland ( fi, Suomen tasavallan presidentti; sv, Republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the Finnish Government and the p ...

K. J. Ståhlberg K is the eleventh letter of the Latin alphabet. K may also refer to: General uses * K (programming language), an array processing language developed by Arthur Whitney and commercialized by Kx Systems * K (cider), a British draft cider manufac ...

, and his wife, Ester Ståhlberg, are kidnapped from their home by members of the far-right Lapua Movement. *

October 20 Events Pre-1600 *1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent. * 1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the rel ...

– A British White Paper demands restrictions on Jewish immigration into

Mandatory Palestine Mandatory Palestine ( ar, فلسطين الانتدابية '; he, פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א״י) ', where "E.Y." indicates ''’Eretz Yiśrā’ēl'', the Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity established between 1920 and 1948 ...

. *

October 24 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – In the Second Battle of Bedriacum, troops loyal to Vespasian defeat those of Emperor Vitellius. * 1260 – Chartres Cathedral is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France. * 1360 – The Treaty ...

–

Brazilian Revolution of 1930 The Revolution of 1930 () was an armed insurrection across Brazil that ended the Old Republic. The revolution replaced incumbent President Washington Luís with defeated presidential candidate and revolutionary leader Getúlio Vargas, concludi ...

Getúlio Vargas Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as the 14th and 17th president of Brazil, from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1954. Due to his long and controversial tenure as Brazi ...

overthrows

Washington Luís Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa (; 26 October 1869 – 4 August 1957) was a Brazilian politician who served as the 13th president of Brazil. Elected governor of São Paulo state in 1920 and president of Brazil in 1926, Washington Luís belonge ...

. *

October 27 Events Pre-1600 * 312 – Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. * 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam. * 1524 – French troops lay siege to Pavia. * 1553 – Condemned as ...

– Ratifications are exchanged in London on the first

signed in April, modifying the

Washington Naval Treaty The Washington Naval Treaty, also known as the Five-Power Treaty, was a treaty signed during 1922 among the major Allies of World War I, which agreed to prevent an arms race by limiting naval construction. It was negotiated at the Washington Nav ...

of 1925. Its arms limitation provisions go into effect immediately, hence putting more limits on the expensive naval arms race between its five signatories (the United Kingdom, the United States, the

Japanese Empire The also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was a historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post-World War II 1947 constitution and subsequent forma ...

, France, and Italy.)

November

November 2 Events Pre-1600 * 619 – A qaghan of the Western Turkic Khaganate is assassinated in a Chinese palace by Eastern Turkic rivals after the approval of Tang emperor Gaozu. * 1410 – The Peace of Bicêtre suspends hostilities in the ...

–

Haile Selassie Haile Selassie I ( gez, ቀዳማዊ ኀይለ ሥላሴ, Qädamawi Häylä Səllasé, ; born Tafari Makonnen; 23 July 189227 August 1975) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (' ...

is crowned emperor of

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

. *

November 3 Events Pre-1600 * 361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor. *1333 – The River Arno floods causing massive damage in Fl ...

–

becomes president of

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

. *

November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Rome, celebrates the first of his three triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, dies. His grandson, Donnchad, son of Bethó ...

** An earthquake in the

Izu Peninsula The is a large mountainous peninsula with a deeply indented coastline to the west of Tokyo on the Pacific coast of the island of Honshu, Japan. Formerly known as Izu Province, Izu peninsula is now a part of Shizuoka Prefecture. The peninsul ...

of Japan kills 223 people, and destroys 650 buildings. ** Cecil George Paine, a

pathologist Pathology is the study of the causal, causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when us ...

at the

Sheffield Royal Infirmary The Royal Infirmary was a hospital in Upperthorpe, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. History Founding an infirmary for Sheffield was suggested in an anonymous letter written 1789 and following a public meeting in April 1792, public subscri ...

in England, achieves the first recorded cure (of an eye infection) using

penicillin Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from ''Penicillium'' moulds, principally '' P. chrysogenum'' and '' P. rubens''. Most penicillins in clinical use are synthesised by P. chrysogenum using ...

December

December December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is also the last of seven months to have a length of 31 days. December got its name from the Latin word ''decem'' (meaning ten) because it was or ...

– All adult Turkish women are given the right to vote in elections. *

December 19 Events Pre-1600 *1154 – Henry II of England is crowned at Westminster Abbey. * 1187 – Pope Clement III is elected. * 1490 – Anne, Duchess of Brittany, is married to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor by proxy. * 1562 – ...

–

Mount Merapi Mount Merapi, ''Gunung Merapi'' (literally Fire Mountain in Indonesian and Javanese), is an active stratovolcano located on the border between the province of Central Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is the most active ...

volcano in central

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

, erupts, destroying numerous villages and killing 1,300 people. *

December 24 Events Pre-1600 * 502 – Chinese emperor Xiao Yan names Xiao Tong his heir designate. * 640 – Pope John IV is elected, several months after his predecessor's death. * 759 – Tang dynasty poet Du Fu departs for Chengdu, whe ...

– In London, inventor

Harry Grindell Matthews Harry Grindell Matthews (17 March 1880 – 11 September 1941) was an English inventor who claimed to have invented a death ray in the 1920s. Earlier life and inventions Harry Grindell Matthews was born on 17 March 1880 in Winterbourne, Glouc ...

demonstrates his device to project pictures on clouds. *

December 29 Events Pre-1600 *1170 – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II; he subsequently becomes a saint and martyr in the Anglican Communion and the Catholic Church. ...

– Sir

Muhammad Iqbal Sir Muhammad Iqbal ( ur, ; 9 November 187721 April 1938), was a South Asian Muslim writer, philosopher, Quote: "In Persian, ... he published six volumes of mainly long poems between 1915 and 1936, ... more or less complete works on philoso ...

's presidential address in

Allahabad Allahabad (), officially known as Prayagraj, also known as Ilahabad, is a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.The other five cities were: Agra, Kanpur (Cawnpore), Lucknow, Meerut, and Varanasi (Benares). It is the administrat ...

introduces the

two-nation theory The two-nation theory is an ideology of religious nationalism that influenced the decolonisation of the British Raj in South Asia. According to this ideology, Indian Muslims and Indian Hindus are two separate nations, with their own customs, ...

, outlining a vision for the creation of

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

. *

December 31 It is known by a collection of names including: Saint Sylvester's Day, New Year's Eve or Old Years Day/Night, as the following day is New Year's Day. It is the last day of the year; the following day is January 1, the first day of the following ...

– The

Papal encyclical An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin (originally from ...

Casti connubii ''Casti connubii'' (Latin: "of chaste wedlock") is a papal encyclical promulgated by Pope Pius XI on 31 December 1930 in response to the Lambeth Conference of the Anglican Communion. It stressed the sanctity of marriage, prohibited Catholics f ...

'', issued by

Pope Pius XI Pope Pius XI ( it, Pio XI), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939), was head of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to his death in February 1939. He was the first sovereign of Vatican City fro ...

, stresses the sanctity of marriage, prohibits

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

s from using any form of artificial

, and reaffirms the Catholic prohibition on

abortion Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus. An abortion that occurs without intervention is known as a miscarriage or "spontaneous abortion"; these occur in approximately 30% to 40% of pregn ...

Date unknown

Bernhard Schmidt Bernhard Woldemar Schmidt (, Naissaar, Nargen – 1 December 1935, Hamburg) was an Estonian optician. In 1930 he invented the Schmidt camera, Schmidt telescope which corrected for the optical errors of spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatis ...

invents the

Schmidt camera A Schmidt camera, also referred to as the Schmidt telescope, is a catadioptric astrophotographic telescope designed to provide wide fields of view with limited aberrations. The design was invented by Bernhard Schmidt in 1930. Some notable exa ...

Births

January

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...

Gaafar Nimeiry Jaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry (otherwise spelled in English as Jaafar Nimeiry, Gaafar Nimeiry or Ja'far Muhammad Numayri; ar, جعفر محمد النميري; 26 April 192830 May 2009) was a Sudanese politician who served as the president of Sud ...

, 4th

President of Sudan This article lists the heads of state of Sudan since the country's independence in 1956. History of the office Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six individuals (and three multi-member sovereignty councils) have served as ...

(d.

2009 File:2009 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The vertical stabilizer of Air France Flight 447 is pulled out from the Atlantic Ocean; Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States; 2009 Iran ...

) **

Ty Hardin Ty Hardin (born Orison Whipple Hungerford Jr.; January 1, 1930August 3, 2017) was an American actor best known as the star of the 1958 to 1962 ABC/Warner Bros. Western television series ''Bronco''. Early life Hardin was born in New York City, ...

, American actor (d.

2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a ser ...

) **

Frederick Wiseman Frederick Wiseman (born January 1, 1930) is an American filmmaker, documentarian, and theater director. His work is "devoted primarily to exploring American institutions". He has been called "one of the most important and original filmmakers worki ...

, American director and producer *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

Robert Loggia Salvatore "Robert" Loggia ( , ; January 3, 1930 – December 4, 2015) was an American actor. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for '' Jagged Edge'' (1985) and won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor for ...

, American actor (d.

2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...

) ** Ahmed Osman, Prime Minister of Morocco *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

–

Don Shula Donald Francis Shula (January 4, 1930 – May 4, 2020) was an American football defensive back and coach who served as a head coach in the National Football League (NFL) from 1963 to 1995. The head coach of the Miami Dolphins for most of his ca ...

, American football coach (d.

2020 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, social and Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, COVID- ...

) *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 *1675 – Battle of Turckh ...

– M. R. Srinivasan, Indian nuclear scientist *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

** "

Professor Tanaka Charles J. Kalani Jr. (January 6, 1930 – August 22, 2000) was an American professional wrestler, professional boxer, college football player, soldier, actor, and martial artist who, in fighting rings, was also known as Professor Toru Tanaka, o ...

" (Charles Kalani, Jr.), American wrestler and actor (d.

2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...

) **

Oscar Camilión Oscar Héctor Camilión (6 January 1930 – 12 February 2016) was an Argentine lawyer and diplomat. Born in 1930, he earned a law degree at the University of Buenos Aires in his hometown. Camilión first joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and ...

, Argentine lawyer and diplomat (d.

2016 File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...

) **

Vic Tayback Victor E. Tayback (January 6, 1930 – May 25, 1990) was an American actor. He is known for his role as Mel Sharples in the film '' Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore'' (1974) and the television series '' Alice'' (1976–1985). The latter earned him ...

, American actor (d.

1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...

) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...

– Pavel Kolchin, Soviet Olympic cross-country skier (d.

2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...

) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

–

Roy E. Disney Roy Edward Disney KCSG (January 10, 1930 – December 16, 2009) was an American businessman. He was the longtime senior executive for the Walt Disney Company, which was founded by his father, Roy O. Disney, and his uncle, Walt Disney. At the ti ...

, Disney executive (d.

) *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muhamma ...

–

Rod Taylor Rodney Sturt Taylor (11 January 1930 – 7 January 2015) was an Australian actor. He appeared in more than 50 feature films, including ''The Time Machine'' (1960), ''One Hundred and One Dalmatians'' (1961), '' The Birds'' (1963), and ''In ...

, Australian actor (d.

) *

January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned s ...

Tim Horton Miles Gilbert "Tim" Horton (January 12, 1930 – February 21, 1974) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played 24 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Toronto Maple Leafs, New York Rangers, Pittsburg ...

, Canadian hockey player, co-founder of

Tim Hortons Tim Hortons Inc., commonly nicknamed Tim's, or Timmie's is a Canadian multinational coffeehouse and restaurant chain. Based in Toronto, Tim Hortons serves coffee, doughnuts, and other fast-food items. It is Canada's largest quick-service rest ...

fast food chain (d.

1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; f ...

) ** Jennifer Johnston, Irish novelist **

Glenn Yarbrough Glenn Robertson Yarbrough (January 12, 1930 – August 11, 2016) was an American folk singer and guitarist. He was the lead singer (tenor) with the Limeliters from 1959 to 1963 and also had a prolific solo career. Yarbrough had a restlessne ...

, American singer (d.

) *

–

Hédi Baccouche Hédi Baccouche (15 January 1930 – 21 January 2020) was the Prime Minister of Tunisia from 7 November 1987 to 27 September 1989. Baccouche led the Socialist Destourian Party until it changed its name to the Constitutional Democratic Rally in 19 ...

, Prime Minister of Tunisia (d.

) *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...

– Mary Ann McMorrow, American judge (d.

2013 File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fact ...

) *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...

–

Tippi Hedren Nathalie Kay "Tippi" Hedren (born January 19, 1930) is an American actress, animal rights activist, and former fashion model. A successful fashion model who appeared on the front covers of ''Life'' and '' Glamour'' magazines, among others, Hed ...

, American actress *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

–

Buzz Aldrin Buzz Aldrin (; born Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr.; January 20, 1930) is an American former astronaut, engineer and fighter pilot. He made three spacewalks as pilot of the 1966 Gemini 12 mission. As the Lunar Module ''Eagle'' pilot on the 1969 A ...

, American pilot, astronaut (''

Apollo 11 Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module ''Eagle'' on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC, an ...

''), second person to set foot on the

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when Co ...

–

Mainza Chona Mainza Mathias Chona (21 January 1930 – 11 December 2001) was a Zambian politician and founder of UNIP who served as the third vice-president of Zambia from 1970 to 1973 and Prime Minister on two occasions: from 25 August 1973 to 27 May ...

, Zambian politician and diplomat (d.

2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a Participants in ...

) *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. *1264 & ...

Derek Walcott Sir Derek Alton Walcott (23 January 1930 – 17 March 2017) was a Saint Lucian poet and playwright. He received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Literature. His works include the Homeric epic poem ''Omeros'' (1990), which many critics view "as Walcot ...

, West Indian writer,

Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...

laureate (d.

) **

Roderick Walcott Roderick Aldon Walcott, OBE (23 January 19306 March 2000), was a St Lucian playwright, screenwriter, painter, theatre director, costume and set designer, lyricist and literary editor.2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...

) **

William R. Pogue William Reid Pogue (January 23, 1930 – March 3, 2014) was an American astronaut and Aviator, pilot who served in the United States Air Force (USAF) as a fighter pilot and test pilot, and reached the rank of Colonel (United States), colonel. H ...

, American astronaut (d.

2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...

) *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...

–

Terence Bayler Terence Bayler (24 January 1930 – 2 August 2016) was a New Zealand film, television, and stage actor. His most memorable roles were in '' Monty Python's Life of Brian'' (1979) and ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'' (2001). Biograph ...

, New Zealand actor (d.

) * January 25 – Ruth Kligman, American artist (d.

) *

– Napoleon Abueva, Filipino artist (d. 2018) * January 27 – Bobby Bland, African-American R&B musician (d.

) *

** Gene Hackman, American actor and novelist ** Magnus Malan, South African soldier, Minister of Defence in the 1980s (d. 2011)

February

* February 1 ** Shahabuddin Ahmed, 12th president of Bangladesh (d. 2022) ** Hussain Muhammad Ershad, 10th president of Bangladesh (d. 2019) * February 2 – Ruth M. Kirk, American politician (d. 2011) * February 3 – Mani Krishnaswami, Carnatic music vocalist from Tamil Nadu, India (d. 2002) * February 4 – Jim Loscutoff, American basketball player (d.

) * February 7 – Ikutaro Kakehashi, Japanese engineer and entrepreneur (d.

) * February 8 – Alejandro Rey, Argentine-American actor (d. 1987) *

– Robert Wagner, American actor * February 13 ** Ernst Fuchs (artist), Ernst Fuchs, Austrian painter (d.

) ** Israel Kirzner, English-born American economist, author and academic * February 15 – Bruce Dawe, Australian poet (d.

) * February 17 – Ruth Rendell, British author (d.

) * February 19 ** John Frankenheimer, American film director (d. 2002) ** K. Viswanath, Indian actor, director and screenwriter * February 22 – Marni Nixon, American vocalist (d.

) * February 23 – Goro Shimura, Japanese mathematician (d. 2019) * February 27 – Joanne Woodward, American actress * February 28 – Leon Cooper, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate

March

– Tom Wolfe, American author, journalist (d. 2018) * March 3 ** Heiner Geißler, German politician (d.

) ** Ion Iliescu, 2-time President of Romania ** K. S. Rajah, Singaporean Senior Counsel, Judicial Commissioner of the Supreme Court (d.

) *

** Allison Hayes, American actress (d. 1977) ** Lorin Maazel, French-born American orchestral conductor (d.

) * March 7 ** Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, English photographer, royal spouse (d.

) ** Daphne Osborne, English botanist (d. 2006) * March 8 – Douglas Hurd, English politician * March 9 (or 19) – Ornette Coleman, American jazz saxophonist (d.

) * March 13 – Liz Anderson, American country music singer and songwriter (d. 2011) * March 14 ** Irma Adelman, Romanian-born economist (d.

) ** Helga Feddersen, German actress (d.

) * March 15 ** Alba Arnova, Italian-Argentine ballerina, actress (d. 2018) ** Zhores Alferov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019) ** Shadi Abdel Salam, Egyptian film director, screenwriter and costume and set designer (d. 1986) * March 17 – James Irwin, American astronaut (d. 1991) * March 18 – Adam Maida, Adam Cardinal Maida, American Roman Catholic prelate; Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit, Archbishop of Detroit (1990–2009) * March 19 – Gualtiero Marchesi, Italian chef and restaurateur (d.

) * March 20 – Thomas Williams (cardinal), Thomas Stafford Williams, New Zealand cardinal * March 22 ** Sir Lynden Pindling, 1st prime minister of the Bahamas (d.

) ** Pat Robertson, American televangelist, motivational speaker, author and television host ** Stephen Sondheim, American composer and lyricist (d. 2021) * March 24 ** David Dacko, 1st President of the Central African Republic (d. 2003) ** Steve McQueen, American actor (d. 1980) ** Albert S. Ruddy, Canadian film and television producer * March 26 – Sandra Day O'Connor, American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States * March 27 – Daniel Spoerri, Romanian-Swiss artist and writer *

** Robert Ashley, American composer (d.

) ** Jerome Isaac Friedman, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate *

** Anerood Jugnauth, Mauritian politician, 3-time Prime Minister of Mauritius, and 4th President of Mauritius (d. 2021) ** John Marshall (swimmer), John Marshall, Australian swimmer (d. 1957) * March 30 ** John Astin, American actor ** Rolf Harris, Australian entertainer *

** Julián Herranz Casado, Spanish cardinal ** Susan Weil, American artist

April

* April 1 – Grace Lee Whitney, American actress (''Star Trek'') (d.

) * April 3 ** Lawton Chiles, American politician, U.S. Senator (Florida), 41st Governor of Florida (d. 1998) ** Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic), Chancellor of Germany (d.

) *

** Mary Costa, American opera singer and actress ** Pierre Lhomme, French cinematographer (d. 2019) *

– Pampero Firpo, Argentinian/American professional wrestler (d.

) * April 7 ** Vilma Espín, Cuban revolutionary, feminist, and chemical engineer (d. 2007) ** Andrew Sachs, German-born British actor (d.

) * April 8 – Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma (d.

) * April 9 – F. Albert Cotton, American chemist (d. 2007) * April 10 ** Claude Bolling, French jazz pianist and composer (d.

) ** Dolores Huerta, American labor leader and civil rights activist ** Frank Lary, American baseball player (d.

) ** Spede Pasanen, Finnish television personality (d.

) * April 11 ** Nicholas F. Brady, American politician and businessman ** Anton LaVey, American author, musician, and occultist (d. 1997) * April 12 – John Landy, Australian athlete and politician (d. 2022) * April 14 – Bradford Dillman, American actor and author (d. 2018) * April 15 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland * April 16 – Herbie Mann, American jazz flutist (d. 2003) * April 19 – Dick Sargent, American actor and gay activist (d. 1994) *

– Silvana Mangano, Italian actress (d. 1989) * April 24 ** Richard Donner, American film director and producer (d. 2021) ** José Sarney, 31st President of Brazil * April 25 – Paul Mazursky, American director and writer (d.

) * April 26 – Roger Moens, Belgian athlete and sportscaster * April 28 ** James Baker, former United States Secretary of State ** Carolyn Jones, American actress (d. 1983) * April 29 ** Jean Rochefort, French actor (d.

) ** Irv Weinstein, American broadcaster, television news anchor (d.

) ** Mahmud of Terengganu, 16th Sultan of Terengganu (d. 1998) * April 30 – Félix Guattari, French psychotherapist, philosopher, semiologist, and activist (d. 1992)

May

* May 1 ** Ethel Ayler, American actress (d. 2018) ** Probosutedjo, Indonesian businessman (d. 2018) ** Little Walter, African-American blues singer, musician, and songwriter (d. 1968) * May 3 – Juan Gelman, Argentine poet, writer (d.

) * May 4 – Roberta Peters, American soprano (d.

) *

– Michael J. Adams, American aviator, aeronautical engineer, and astronaut (d. 1967) * May 8 ** Heather Harper, Northern Irish soprano (d. 2019) ** Gary Snyder, American poet, essayist and translator * May 9 – Joan Sims, English actress (d.

) * May 11 – Edsger W. Dijkstra, Dutch computer scientist (d. 2002) * May 13 ** Vernon Shaw, 5th president of Dominica (d.

) ** Mike Gravel, American politician, former Senator of Alaska and Presidential candidate (d. 2021) * May 14 – María Irene Fornés, Cuban-American playwright (d. 2018) *

** Jasper Johns, American painter ** Grace Ogot, Kenyan author, nurse, journalist, politician and diplomat (d.

) *

– María Luisa Mendoza, Mexican journalist, novelist and politician (d. 2018) * May 19 – Lorraine Hansberry, African-American playwright (d. 1965) * May 20 – James McEachin, American actor * May 21 – Malcolm Fraser, 22nd Prime Minister of Australia (d.

) * May 22 ** Kenny Ball, British jazz trumpeter, singer and bandleader (d.

) ** Harvey Milk, American politician and gay rights activist (d. 1978) * May 25 – Sonia Rykiel, French fashion designer (d.

) * May 27 ** John Barth, American writer ** Muhammad Lafir, Sri Lankan snooker player (d. 1981) * May 28 – Edward Seaga, Jamaican politician, 5th Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2019) * May 31 ** Ruslan Stratonovich, Russian physicist, engineer (d. 1997) ** Clint Eastwood, American actor, director, and producer

June

* June 1 – Edward Woodward, English actor and singer (d.

) * June 2 – Pete Conrad, American astronaut, moonwalker and commander of ''Apollo 12'' (d. 1999) * June 3 ** Marion Zimmer Bradley, American writer (d. 1999) ** George Fernandes, Indian politician (d. 2019) * June 4 ** Morgana King, American jazz singer, actress (d. 2018) ** Viktor Tikhonov (ice hockey, born 1930), Viktor Tikhonov, Soviet ice hockey player and coach (d.

) * June 6 – Frank Tyson, English cricketer (d.

) * June 8 – Robert Aumann, German-born mathematician, recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences * June 9 ** Barbara (singer), Barbara, French singer (d. 1997) ** Jordi Pujol, 126th President of the Government of Catalonia * June 10 – Grace Mirabella, American journalist, editor of ''Vogue (magazine), Vogue'' 1971-88 (d. 2021) * June 11 ** Neale Lavis, Australian equestrian (d. 2019) ** Charles Rangel, African-American politician * June 12 ** Jim Nabors, American actor, musician and comedian (d.

) ** Son Sen, Cambodian politician and war criminal (d. 1997) * June 16 – Vilmos Zsigmond, Hungarian-American cinematographer (d.

) * June 19 – Gena Rowlands, American actress * June 20 ** Magdalena Abakanowicz, Polish sculptor (d.

) ** Juan Alberto Melgar Castro, Honduran military ruler (d. 1987) * June 21 – Gerald Kaufman, British Labour politician (d.

) * June 22 ** Yury Artyukhin, Russian cosmonaut (d. 1998) ** Sa'dun Hammadi, 33rd prime minister of Iraq (d. 2007) * June 23 ** John Elliott (historian), John Elliott, British historian (d. 2022) ** Anthony Thwaite, English poet, critic, and academic (d. 2021) * June 24 ** Claude Chabrol, French film director (d.

) ** Herb Klein (politician), Herb Klein, American businessman, attorney and politician * June 26 ** Wolfgang Schwanitz, German Leader of the Office for National Security, Head of the Stasi (d. 2022) ** Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi, Pakistani economist and caretaker prime minister (d.

) ** Jackie Fargo, American wrestler, trainer (d.

) * June 27 – Ross Perot, American computer billionaire, politician (d. 2019) * June 28 ** William C. Campbell (scientist), William C. Campbell, Irish-American biologist, parasitologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate ** Itamar Franco, President of Brazil (d. 2011) * June 29 ** Robert Evans, American producer (d. 2019) ** Viola Léger, American-Canadian actress and politician *

** Ignatius Peter VIII Abdalahad, Syrian bishop (d. 2018) **Thomas Sowell, American economist and social theorist ** Ahmed Zaki Yamani, Saudi Arabian politician (d. 2021)

July

Gonzálo Sánchez de Lozada-Agencia BrasilAntonio Cruz

* July 1 – Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, Bolivian politician and businessman * July 2 ** Sylve Bengtsson, Swedish Olympic footballer (d. 2005) ** Ahmad Jamal, American jazz pianist and composer ** Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (d. 2021) * July 3 ** Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor (d. 2004) ** Ferdinando Riva, Swiss football forward (d.

) ** N. Venkatachala, Indian judge (d. 2019) *

** George Steinbrenner, American businessman and baseball team owner (d.

) ** Yuriy Tyukalov, Russian rower (d. 2018) * July 6 ** George Armstrong (ice hockey), George Armstrong, Canadian professional ice hockey player (d. 2021) ** Françoise Mallet-Joris, Belgian writer (d.

) ** M. Balamuralikrishna, Indian Carnatic vocalist, multi-instrumentalist, playback singer, composer and actor (d.

) *

** Theodore McCarrick, American Roman Catholic former cardinal ** Biljana Plavšić, Bosnian politician and war criminal * July 9 **Slavko Dacevski, Macedonian football player and manager ** Patricia Newcomb, American producer and publicist *

** Jack Alabaster, New Zealand cricketer ** Harold Bloom, American literary critic (d. 2019) * July 14 – Polly Bergen, American actress (d.

) * July 15 ** Einosuke Akiya, Japanese Buddhist leader ** Jacques Derrida, Algerian-born French literary critic (d. 2004) ** Stephen Smale, American mathematician * July 17 ** Sigvard Ericsson, Swedish speed skater (d. 2019) ** Ray Galton, English scriptwriter (d. 2018) ** Sir William Heseltine, Australian Private Secretary to Queen Elizabeth II *

– David Rubadiri, Malawian diplomat, academic, poet, playwright and novelist (d. 2018) * July 20 ** Alex Sánchez (footballer, born 1930), Alex Sánchez, Costa Rican football player ** Oleg Anofriyev, Soviet-Russian actor, singer, songwriter, film director and poet (d. 2018) * July 21 ** Gene Littler, American professional golfer (d. 2019) ** Helen Merrill, American jazz vocalist ** Anand Bakshi, Indian poet/lyricist (d. 2002) * July 24 – Jacqueline Brookes, American actress (d.

) *

** Murray Chapple, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1985) ** Maureen Forrester, Canadian contralto (d.

) ** Mitzi Shore, American comedy club owner (d. 2018) *

** Firoza Begum (singer), Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (d.

) ** Jean Roba, Belgian comics author (d. 2006)

August

* August 1 ** Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist (d. 2002) ** Lawrence Eagleburger, United States Secretary of State (d. 2011) ** Károly Grósz, 51st prime minister of Hungary (d. 1996) ** Geoffrey Holder, Trinidadian-American dancer, choreographer and actor (d.

) * August 4 ** Enrico Castellani, Italian painter (d.

) ** Ali al-Sistani, Iranian Shia Ayatollah * August 5 – Neil Armstrong, American astronaut, Apollo 11, first human to set foot on the Moon, commander of ''

'' (d. 2012) *

– Abbey Lincoln, American singer (d.

) *

** Carmen Balcells, Spanish literary agent (d.

) ** Jacques Parizeau, French-Canadian politician (d.

) * August 10 – Luigi De Filippo, Italian actor (d. 2018) *

– George Soros, Hungarian-born investor * August 13 – Don Ho, American singer and entertainer (d. 2007) * August 14 ** Earl Weaver, American professional baseball player and manager (baseball), manager (d.

) ** Liz Fraser, English actress (d. 2018) * August 15 – Tom Mboya, Kenyan trade unionist, educationist, Pan Africanist, author and independence activist (probable; d. 1969) *

** Robert Culp, American actor (d.

) ** Leslie Manigat, 34th President of Haiti (d.

) ** Flor Silvestre, Mexican singer, actress and equestrienne (d.

) ** Tony Trabert, American tennis player and commentator (d. 2021) * August 17 – Ted Hughes, English poet (d. 1998) * August 19 – Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (d.

) * August 20 – Jan Olszewski, 3rd Prime Minister of Poland (d. 2019) * August 21 – Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (d. 2002) * August 22 – Gylmar dos Santos Neves, Brazilian footballer (d.

) * August 23 – Michel Rocard,

(d.

) * August 24 – Sultanah Bahiyah, Sultanah of Kedah (d. 2003) * August 25 ** Sir Sean Connery, Scottish actor (''James Bond'') (d.

) ** Georgiy Daneliya, Russian film director and screenwriter (d. 2019) *

– Gholamreza Takhti, Iranian wrestler (d. 1968) * August 28 ** Windsor Davies, Welsh actor (d. 2019) ** Ben Gazzara, American actor (d. 2012) **Irinej, Serbian Patriarch, 45th Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church (d.

) * August 30 ** Warren Buffett, American billionaire entrepreneur ** Xernona Clayton, American civil rights activist and broadcasting executive ** Paul Poupard, French cardinal

September

Nobel Prize 2010-Press Conference KVA-DSC 7370

* September 1 – Charles Correa, Indian architect (d.

) *

– Cherry Wilder, New Zealand novelist (d. 2002) * September 4 – Norman Dorsen, American civil rights activist (d.

) *

– Salvatore De Giorgi, Italian cardinal * September 7 ** King Baudouin I of Belgium (d. 1993) ** Sonny Rollins, African-American jazz saxophonist *

** Mario Adorf, German actor ** Jeannette Altwegg, English figure skater (d. 2021) * September 9 – Frank Lucas, African-American drug trafficker (d. 2019) * September 11 – Renzo Montagnani, Italian actor (d. 1997) *

– Akira Suzuki (chemist), Akira Suzuki, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate * September 13 ** Bola Ige, Nigerian politician (d.

) ** Jimmy McLane, American Olympic swimmer (d.

) * September 16 – Anne Francis, American actress (d. 2011) *

** Marie-Thérèse Houphouët-Boigny, First Lady of Ivory Coast ** David Huddleston, American actor (''The Big Lebowski'') (d.

) ** Edgar Mitchell, American astronaut (d.

) ** Thomas P. Stafford, American astronaut *

– Kenneth Mopeli, Chief Minister of QwaQwa bantustan (d.

) * September 23 – Ray Charles, African-American singer, musician and actor (d. 2004) * September 24 – John Young (astronaut), John Young, American astronaut (d. 2018) * September 25 ** Elsa Aguirre, Mexican actress ** Shel Silverstein, American author, poet and humorist (d. 1999) * September 26 ** Philip Bosco, American actor (d. 2018) ** Fritz Wunderlich, German tenor singer (d. 1966) * September 29 ** Colin Dexter, English detective fiction writer (d.

) ** Richard Bonynge, Australian pianist and conductor

October

Michael Collins (S69-31742, restoration)

** Richard Harris, Irish actor, singer (d. 2002) ** Philippe Noiret, French actor (d. 2006) * October 2 – Dave Barrett, Canadian politician (d. 2018) * October 4 – Andrej Marinc, Slovenian politician *

** Pavel Popovich, Soviet cosmonaut (d.

) ** Reinhard Selten, German economist, Nobel Prize in Economics, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

)O'Connor, J J, and E F Robertson
"Reinhard Selten"
''www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk'', November 2010. Retrieved 2016-09-03. * October 6 ** Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (d.

) ** Richie Benaud, Australian cricketer and commentator (d.

) * October 8 – Tōru Takemitsu, Japanese composer (d. 1996) * October 10 ** Yves Chauvin, Belgian-born chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

) ** Harold Pinter, English playwright,

laureate (d. 2008) *

** Schafik Handal, Salvadoran politician (d. 2006) ** Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 1997) * October 17 – Robert Atkins (nutritionist), Robert Atkins, American nutritionist (d. 2003) * October 18 – Frank Carlucci, American politician (d. 2018) * October 19 ** Ron Joyce, Canadian businessman (d. 2019) ** Jody Lawrance, American actress (d. 1986) *

– Leila Seth, Indian judge (d.

) *

** Ahmad Shah of Pahang, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (d. 2019) ** The Big Bopper (J.P. Richardson), American singer (d. 1959) *

– Francisca Aguirre, Spanish poet (d. 2019) * October 28 – Bernie Ecclestone, English motor racing tycoon * October 29 ** Omara Portuondo, Cuban singer and dancer ** Niki de Saint Phalle, French artist (d. 2002) * October 30 ** Clifford Brown, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1956) ** Timothy Findley, Canadian author (d. 2002) * October 31 – Michael Collins (astronaut), Michael Collins, American astronaut (d. 2021)

November

Barack Obama greets Burton Richter and Mildred Dresselhaus (cropped)

* November 5 – Hans Mommsen, German historian (d.

) * November 6 – Derrick Bell, American law professor (d. 2011) * November 11 ** Mildred Dresselhaus, American scientist and educator (d.

) ** Mabandla Dlamini, 3rd prime minister of Swaziland ** Alevtina Kolchina, Soviet Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2022) * November 13 – Richard A. Falk, American academic * November 14 ** Monique Mercure, Canadian actress (d.

) ** Jānis Pujats, Latvian cardinal, Archbishop of Riga ** Ed White (astronaut), Ed White, American astronaut (d. 1967) * November 15 – J. G. Ballard, English writer (d.

) * November 16 ** Chinua Achebe, Nigerian writer (d.

) ** Salvatore Riina ("Toto"), Italian multiple murderer (d.

) *November 17 – Bob Mathias, American athlete (d. 2006) * November 18 – Jai Narain Prasad Nishad, Indian politician (d. 2018) * November 19 – Christian Schwarz-Schilling, Austrian-German politician and philanthropist * November 20 – Choe Yong-rim, North Korean politician * November 22 – Owen Garriott, American astronaut (d. 2019) * November 24 – Inge Feltrinelli, German-Italian publisher, photographer (d. 2018) * November 26 – Berthold Leibinger, German engineer, entrepreneur and philanthropist (d. 2018) * November 29 – David Goldblatt, South African photographer (d. 2018) * November 30 – G. Gordon Liddy, American organizer of the Watergate scandal, Watergate burglaries (d. 2021)

December

* December 2 – Gary Becker, American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

) * December 3 – Jean-Luc Godard, French film director (d. 2022) * December 4 ** Ronnie Corbett, Scottish comedian (d.

) ** Jacqueline du Bief, French figure skater * December 6 – Daniel Lisulo, Prime Minister of Zambia (d.

) * December 7 – Christopher Nicole, Guyanese-born British writer * December 8 – Maximilian Schell, Swiss-Austrian actor (d.

) * December 9 ** Edoardo Sanguineti, Italian writer (d.

) ** Buck Henry, American actor, screenwriter, and director (d.

) * December 11 – Jean-Louis Trintignant, French actor and director (d. 2022) * December 12 – Silvio Santos, Brazilian TV show host, entrepreneur * December 15 ** Antonietta Meo, Italian saint (d. 1937) ** Edna O'Brien, Irish writer * December 17 – Armin Mueller-Stahl, Russian-born German actor *

– Anca Giurchescu, Romanian academic and Ethnochoreology, ethnochoreologist (d.

) * December 21 ** Adebayo Adedeji, Nigerian UN official (d. 2018) ** Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland (d. 2004) * December 25 – Salah Jahin, Egyptian poet, lyricist, playwright and cartoonist (d. 1986) * December 28 – Mariam A. Aleem, Egyptian artist (d.

) * December 30 ** Alvin "Seeco" Patterson, Alvin Peterson, Jamaican percussionist (d. 2021) ** Tu Youyou, Chinese pharmaceutical chemist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate *

– Odetta, American singer (d. 2008)

Deaths

January – June

Bundesarchiv Bild 102-09414, Primo de Rivera

* January 8 – Martha Tynæs, Norwegian social worker and politician (b. 1870) *

– Edward Bok, American author (b. 1863) * January 13 – John Nathan Cobb, American author, naturalist, conservationist, fisheries researcher, and educator (b. 1868) *

– Frank Ramsey (mathematician), Frank Ramsey, British philosopher, mathematician and economist (b. 1903) * January 22 – Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher, British politician and courtier (b. 1852) *

– Rebecca Latimer Felton, American writer, lecturer, reformer, and politician (b. 1835) * January 27 – Dewa Shigetō, Japanese admiral (b. 1856) *

– Emmy Destinn, Czech operatic soprano (b. 1878) * February 3 ** Michele Bianchi, Italian fascist leader (b. 1883) ** Poseidon (horse), Poseidon, Australian racehorse (b. 1903) * February 14 – Thomas Mackenzie, Sir Thomas MacKenzie, New Zealand politician, explorer, 18th Prime Minister of New Zealand and High Commissioner (b. 1854) * February 15 – Giulio Douhet, Italian general, air power theorist (b. 1869) * February 21 – Ahmad Shah Qajar, Pahlavi dynasty, Shah of Persia (b. 1898) * February 23 ** Mabel Normand, American actress (b. 1892) ** Horst Wessel, Nazi ideologue, composer (b. 1907) * February 26 **Mary Whiton Calkins, American philosopher and psychologist (b. 1863) **Rafael Merry del Val, British-born Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal and Servant of God (b. 1865) * February 28 – Perceval Maitland Laurence, Sir Perceval Maitland Laurence, British classical scholar, South African judge and a benefactor of the University of Cambridge (b. 1854) *

– D. H. Lawrence, British writer (''Lady Chatterley's Lover'') (b. 1885) *

– Alfred von Tirpitz, German politician, admiral (b. 1848) * March 8 – William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States, 10th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1857) *

– William George Barker, Canadian pilot (b. 1894) * March 13 – Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman, American author (b. 1852) * March 16 – Miguel Primo de Rivera, Spanish military officer, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1870) * March 19 – Arthur Balfour, British politician and statesman, 48th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1848) * March 24 – Eugeen Van Mieghem, Belgian painter (b. 1875) * March 27 – Sister Christine, German-born Hindu teacher * March 30 – Shyamji Krishna Varma, Indian lawyer, journalist and revolutionary (b. 1857) * April 1 – Cosima Wagner, wife and inspiration of Richard Wagner (b. 1837) * April 2 – Empress Zewditu of Ethiopia (b. 1876) * April 3 – Emma Albani, Dame Emma Albani, Canadian operatic soprano (b. 1847) * April 4 – Victoria of Baden, Queen consort of Sweden (b. 1862) *

– Dimitrije, Serbian Patriarch (b. 1846) * April 9 – Rose Caron, French operatic soprano (b. 1857) * April 14 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (b. 1893) * April 16 – Linda Richards, American nurse (b. 1841) *

– Robert Bridges, British poet (b. 1844) *

– Jeppe Aakjær, Danish poet, novelist (b. 1866) * May 8 – Patriarch George V of Armenia (b. 1847) * May 13 – Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian explorer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1861) *

– Herbert Croly, American political author (b. 1869) * May 25 ** Randall Davidson, English clergyman, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1848) ** Archduke Rainer of Austria (1895-1930), Archduke Rainer of Austria (b. 1895) * June 5 ** Sophie Holten, Danish painter (b. 1858) ** Eric Lemming, Swedish athlete (b. 1880) ** Jules Pascin, Bulgarian painter (b. 1885) * June 10 – Adolf von Harnack, German Lutheran theologian and church historian (b. 1851) * June 13 – Sir Henry Segrave, British racer, land and water speed record holder (b. 1896) * June 16 – Anna Whitlock, Swedish suffragist (b. 1852)

July– December

– Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, British fiction writer (''Sherlock Holmes'') (b. 1859) * July 8 – Sir Joseph Ward, 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1856) *

– Masataka Ogawa, Japanese chemist (b. 1865) * July 15 ** Leopold Auer, Hungarian violinist (b. 1845) ** Rudolph Schildkraut, Ottoman-born Austrian actor (b. 1862) * July 16 – Juan Luis Sanfuentes, 16th President of Chile (b. 1858) *

** Sir Robert Stout, 2-time prime minister of New Zealand (b. 1844) ** Oku Yasukata, Japanese field marshal, leading figure in the early Imperial Japanese Army (b. 1847) * July 23 – Glenn Curtiss, American aviation pioneer (b. 1878) * July 26 – Pavlos Karolidis, Greek historian (b. 1849) *

– Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1862) * August 4 – Siegfried Wagner, German composer and conductor, son of Richard Wagner (born 1869) * August 11 – Edward Angle, American dentist (b. 1855) *

– Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien, English general (b. 1858) * August 15 – Florian Cajori, Swiss-born historian of mathematics (b. 1859) * August 21 – Sir Aston Webb, British architect (b. 1849) * August 24 – Tom Norman, British freak show, freak showman (b. 1860) * August 26 – Lon Chaney, American actor (b. 1883) * August 29 – William Archibald Spooner, British scholar, Anglican priest (b. 1844) * September 1 – Peeter Põld, Estonian pedagogical scientist, politician (b. 1878) * September 10 – Aubrey Faulkner, South African cricketer (b. 1881) * September 18 – Ruth Alexander, pioneering American pilot (b. 1905) *

– Gombojab Tsybikov, Russian explorer (b. 1873) * September 28 ** Daniel Guggenheim, American mining magnate and philanthropist (b. 1856) ** Prince Leopold of Bavaria, German prince and field marshal (b. 1846) * September 30 – Albert W. Grant, American admiral (b. 1856) * October 2 – Gordon Stewart Northcott, American serial killer (executed) (b. 1906) * October 4 – Olena Pchilka, Ukrainian writer, translator and publisher (b. 1849) * October 10 – Adolf Engler, German botanist (b. 1844) * October 15 – Herbert Henry Dow, Canadian-born chemical industrialist (b. 1866) * October 16 – James Surtees Phillpotts, English writer and educator (b. 1839) *

– Valeriano Weyler, 1st Duke of Rubí, Spanish general (b. 1838) * October 26 – Harry Payne Whitney, American horse breeder and businessman (b. 1872) *

– Ellen Hayes, American mathematician and astronomer (b. 1851) * October 28 – Mary Harrison McKee, ''de facto'' First Lady of the United States (b. 1858) * October 30 – Sakichi Toyoda, Japanese inventor, industrialist (b. 1867) * November – Alfred Wegener, German geophysicist, meteorologist (b. 1880) *

– Nikolai Alexandrov (actor), Nikolai Alexandrov, Soviet actor and director (b. 1870) * November 4 – Akiyama Yoshifuru, Japanese general (b. 1859) * November 5 ** Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician, pathologist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1858) ** Luigi Facta, Italian politician, 26th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1861) * November 8 – Alexander Bedward, Jamaican preacher (b. 1848) * November 9 – Tasker H. Bliss, American general (b. 1853) * November 20 – Sir Neville Howse, Australian politician and recipient of the Victoria Cross (b. 1863) * November 21 – Clelia Merloni, Italian nun and founder of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus * November 26 – Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan, Sinhalese lawyer and politician (b. 1851) * November 27 ** Johnny Tyldesley, English cricketer (b. 1873) ** Simon Kahquados, Potawatomi political activist (b. 1851) * November 28 – Constantine VI of Constantinople, Constantine VI, Turkish-born bishop, briefly Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1859) * November 30 – Mary Harris Jones, Irish-born American labor leader (b. 1837) * December 8 – Florbela Espanca, Portuguese poet (b. 1894) * December 9 ** Rube Foster, Andrew "Rube" Foster, American Negro league baseball player (b. 1879) ** Laura Muntz Lyall, Canadian painter (b. 1860) * December 12 – Nikolai Pokrovsky, Russian politician, last foreign minister of the Russian Empire (b. 1865) * December 13 – Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869) * December 17 – Peter Warlock, British composer (b. 1894) * December 22 – Vintilă Brătianu, 31st Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1867) * December 25 – Eugen Goldstein, German physicist (b. 1850)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Hans Fischer * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Karl Landsteiner * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Sinclair Lewis * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Nathan Söderblom

References

Sources

The 1930s Timeline: 1930
– from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia {{DEFAULTSORT:1930 1930,